Palapala Volume 1 (2017)

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Table-of-Contents

(University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2017)

Front Matter and TOC

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Palapala, a journal for Hawaiian language and literature

(University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2017) Lyon, Jeffrey

Greetings to our Palapala readers—wherever you may be—students, teachers, researchers, and all who seek deeper knowledge of the language and literature of Hawaiʻi. We salute you, the citizens of Hawaiʻi, and all our friends from the rising to the setting of the sun. Here is our aloha to you.

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Reading between the Lines: A Closer Look at the First Hawaiian Primer (1822)

(University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2017) Schütz, Albert J.

Na ka puke liʻiliʻi The Alphabet (i kākau ʻia e ka poʻe mikionali ma ka MH 1822) i waele i ke ala e hulihia aʻe ai ka ʻike a me ka moʻomeheu kuʻuna o kānaka ma o ia mea he ʻike palapala. Ua hōʻike ʻia mai ma nā palapala like ʻole o ia au ka moʻolelo o ke paʻi a hoʻolaha ʻia ʻana o ua puke liʻiliʻi nei a me ke ʻano i loli iho ai ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ka poʻe e aʻo mai ana i kona mau ʻaoʻao. Akā, a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia mai ka ʻiʻo o ia puke a me ke ʻano i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai. Nānā ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala noiʻi ia mau hiʻohiʻona ma ka pōʻaiapili pālua, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kālaiʻōlelo a me ka moʻolelo o ia au. Hōʻike pū ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ke ʻano i akakuʻu iho ai ka pīʻāpā mua loa i pehu wale i nā koneka he iwakālua a koe mai nā koneka ʻewalu o kēia au. Ma o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā The Alphabet me nā puke aʻo kākau na ko ʻEnelani, na ko ʻAmelika hoʻi, ma ka pau ʻana o ke kenekulia ʻumikumamāwalu, maopopo koke ke kumu i kālele nui ʻia ai ka ʻike hakina ʻōlelo a me nā ana kālele ʻōlelo (pili he ʻumi o nā māhele ʻumikumamālima o ia puke liʻiliʻi i ia mau kumuhana ʻelua). Ke ʻōlelo hou ʻia nā lula o The Alphabet ma ka ʻōlelo kālaiʻōlelo o nēia au e holo nei, i loko nō o ke kamaʻāina ʻole o ia poʻe mikionali i ke ʻano nui o ka ʻokina me ke kahakō ma ka puana ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, ua lohe ʻia nō naʻe e ko lākou pepeiao nā loli ma ka helu hakina ʻōlelo, ka pana hoʻi o ka leo, ke loaʻa mai ka ʻokina paha, ke kahakō paha. Ma ka pau ʻana o nēia ʻatikala, kilo ʻia nā hopunaʻōlelo he ʻuʻuku i loaʻa ma nā māhele hope ʻelima o The Alphabet, kahi e puka mai ai ka manaʻo, ʻaʻole i paʻa loa ka ʻike ʻōlelo kanaka a ua poʻe mikionali lā ma hope o ʻelua makahiki ma Hawaiʻi nei; he ʻike ʻōlelo a pilinaʻōlelo e ulu aʻe ana ma ka holo ʻana mai o nā makahiki.

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No ke Kākāʻōlelo ma ka Moʻolelo Hawaiʻi Kahiko a i ka MH 1860

(University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2017) Perreira, Hiapokeikikāne Kichie

This article examines the various meanings of the term kākāʻōlelo as encountered in books and articles written or edited by Hawaiians prior to the year 1861. Before considering this evidence, the lexical definitions found in the standard dictionaries are compared in which there is a consensus that the word carries a meaning similar to orator or oratory. This sense, however, is not borne out when we see how the word is generally used by the earliest Hawaiian writers. Following the examination of the lexical definitions, all examples of the word as used by Hawaiian writers are carefully examined, including those from Davida Malo's Moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, the Hawaiian translation of the Bible (whose word choice was decided by Hawaiian advisors), and articles printed in the Hawaiian-language newspapers prior to 1861, i.e., up until the appearance of Ka Hoku o ka Pakipika and Ka Nupepa Kuokoa. While the first two sources, and most of the third, understand kākāʻōlelo as an advisor to royalty, it is in some of the newspaper articles that we first begin to see the connection with skilled oratory.

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A Cairn of Stories: Establishing a Foundation of Hawaiian Literature

(University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2017) hoʻomanawanui, kuʻualoha

“What is moʻolelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian literature)?” This essay seeks to answer this and related questions. It articulates a foundation of moʻolelo Hawaiʻi in the twenty-first century as constructed from a long, rich history of oral tradition, performance, and writing, in ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian language), ʻōlelo Pelekānia (English), and ʻōlelo paʻiʻai (Hawaiʻi Creole English, HCE, or “pidgin”). This essay maps the moʻokūʻauhau (genealogy) of moʻolelo Hawaiʻi in its current form as a contemporized (post-eighteenth century) cultural practice resulting from the longer-standing tradition of haku (composing, including strictly oral compositions) and kākau (imprinting, writing). Beginning in the 1830s, kākau and paʻi (printing) were composed from ʻike Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian knowledge) passed down mai ka pō mai (from the ancient past), reflecting innovations in the recording and transmission of ʻike Hawaiʻi, including moʻolelo (narratives, stories, histories).

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Nā Pō o ka Malama: The “Nights” of the Hawaiian Month

(University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2017) Langlas, Charles M.

This article discusses when the traditional Hawaiian twenty-four-hour period called pō 'night' began and ended. The Pukui and Elbert dictionary (1986) states that the twenty-four-hour period began at nightfall. However, the research presented here, examining the earliest Native Hawaiians who wrote about the Hawaiian calendar, shows that the Hawaiian pō began with daybreak, not nightfall.

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No ka Baibala Hemolele: The Making of the Hawaiian Bible

(University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2017) Lyon, Jeffrey

This article delves into the making of the Bible in Hawaiian. The American ministers who first translated the ancient texts from Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek are identified, as well as the Hawaiian chiefs and advisors who took their initial and often clumsy drafts and turned them into chiefly Hawaiian. Next, the reasons for the surprising linguistic competence of the American ministers in ancient languages are explored, including the story of their teacher, Moses Stuart, the first English-speaking scholar to immerse himself in the new research in Hebrew coming out of Germany, pioneered by the still famous Hebraist Wilhelm Gesenius. Finally, the nature of the cooperative effort of the two groups, American ministers and Hawaiian advisors, is considered, a collaborative effort that resulted in one of the great Bible translations of the era.

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Language Contact in the Early Colonial Pacific: Maritime Polynesian Pidgin before Pidgin English. By Emanuel J. Drechsel

(University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2017) Parker Jones, ʻŌiwi

Ua huli ʻia kekahi ʻōlelo paʻi ʻai Polenesia ma loko o nā palapala o nā kenekulia 18 a 19 i kākau ʻia e nā kelamoku o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika. ʻO kēia ka moʻolelo i hoʻopuka ʻia ma kā Emanuel J. Drechsel puke ʻo Language Contact in the Early Colonial Pacific. We review Emanuel J. Drechsel's book, Language Contact in the Early Colonial Pacific, which documents an eighteenth- and nineteenth-century pidgin that emerged before Euro-American dominance in the Pacific and that reflects the dramatic changes in power from then to now.

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Hawaiian Music and Musicians (Ka Mele Hawaiʻi A Me Ka Poʻe Mele): An Encyclopedic History, Second Edition. Edited by Dr. George S. Kanahele

(University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2017) Donaghy, Joseph Keola

The first edition of Hawaiian Music and Musicians was published in 1979. It was the result of years of research by Dr. George S. Kanahele, the Hawaiian Music Foundation, and many other contributors. It represented the first comprehensive examination of Hawaiian music and was intended to address the paucity of reliable and accessible information about Hawaiian music, its history, evolution, and significant performers and contributors. The long-overdue second edition of this text was published in 2012, with music and entertainment journalist John Berger providing the majority of the revision and additions. This review provides an overview of the first edition and summarizes two academic critiques of the text. It then documents the revisions and additions to the second edition, highlights several significant issues and shortcomings found in the text, and offers suggestions for Berger’s promised third edition.

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The Alphabet, Honolulu, 1822

(University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2017)

This small booklet, whose size belies its tremendous effect on the lives of Hawaiians, is reproduced (enlarged) on the following pages. Its content is discussed in the article "Reading between the Lines: A Closer Look at the First Hawaiian Primer (1822)" by Albert Schütz in this issue of Palapala.

Palapala Volume 1 (2017)

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