ScholarSpace
ScholarSpace is an open-access, digital institutional repository for the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa community. ScholarSpace stores the intellectual works and unique collections of the UH at Mānoa academic community and also provides a permanent web location for those accessing these resources.
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Recent Submissions
The role of morphological knowledge and vocabulary knowledge in L2 reading comprehension
(University of Hawaii National Foreign Language Resource Center, 2025-02-17) Miki Satori
This study investigated the relative contributions of English morphological and vocabulary knowledge to second language (L2) reading comprehension among 100 adult Japanese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. The study also investigated the extent to which the roles of morphological and vocabulary knowledge in L2 reading comprehension varied across proficiency levels. Hierarchical regression results indicated that morphological knowledge accounted for unique variance in L2 reading comprehension beyond vocabulary knowledge. Based on two proficiency levels (beginner and intermediate), morpheme-function knowledge was the only significant predictor of L2 reading comprehension for beginner learners. Vocabulary knowledge and morpheme-meaning knowledge were significant predictors of L2 reading comprehension for intermediate learners. The findings suggest that awareness of the syntactic properties of morphology contributes more significantly to L2 reading comprehension than vocabulary knowledge among Japanese EFL learners at the beginner level. However, its relative contribution to L2 reading may decrease as proficiency increases.
Hylaeus (Nesoprosopis) paumako (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), a New Endemic Bee from Molokaʻi, Hawai‘i
(2025) Magnacca, Karl N.
Hylaeus paumako new species, a new native bee from dry-mesic forest on Molokaʻi, is described. This is the first new bee species discovered on Molokaʻi in over 100 years, and the first from Molokaʻi where males lack colored facial marks. It was taken in company with H. connectens and H. laetus, both of which also had not been seen on the island for decades.
Call for papers for technology in practice forum
(University of Hawaii National Foreign Language Resource Center, 2025-02-12) Kessler, Matt; Li, Mimi
Examining Psychiatric Comorbidities and Demographic Links in Hawaii’s Pregnant Population
(2025) Mikami, Brandi; Xiong, Lucia Y.; Kronen, Cable; Natavio, Melissa; Tschann, Mary
Introduction: Psychiatric comorbidities are common in pregnancy, with as many as 1 in 5 women suffering from a mental health or substance use disorder during the perinatal period. These psychiatric comorbidities have the potential to negatively impact the health and care of both the mother and fetus. Given Hawaii’s distinct and diverse population composition, it is imperative that the demographics and psychiatric comorbidities of pregnant women in Hawaii are described. Identification of these factors may promote more inclusive and informed healthcare and educational practices.
Objectives: This study aims to describe the demographic factors, including age, race/ethnicity, financial status, educational background, and obstetric history of pregnant patients with psychiatric comorbidities.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey of individuals who were female sex-assigned at birth, ages 18-45, Hawaii residents, with reproductive potential, and with self-reported mental health disorders. Recruitment relied on flyers in OBGYN, primary care provider, and psychiatry clinics and social media postings between September 2021 to September 2022. We compiled descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 29.0.
Results: We received 98 complete responses. Eighty (81.6%) respondents reported having a psychiatric disorder. Self-reported mental health diagnoses included 54 (68%) responses for anxiety, 18 (23%) for ADHD, 8 (10%) for bipolar disorder, 54 (68%) for depression, 6 (8%) for eating disorders, 7 (9%) for OCD, 20 (25%) for PTSD, 1 (1%) for schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, 8 (9%) for substance use disorder, 6 (6%) for other, 8 (10%) for none, and 46 (58%) for multiple. Race/ethnicity composition of those with a psychiatric disorder included 36 (45%) Native Hawaiian, 9 (11%) Pacific Islander, 34 (43%) Asian, 39 (48%) White, 4 (5%) Black, 2 (3%) Native American/Alaska Native, and 6 (8%) Latina. 37 (46%) respondents reported obtaining financial assistance. The vast majority of respondents (84%) had some college education or more, and the majority of respondents (54%) were 19-30 years old. Most respondents (73%) had been pregnant before. Respondents had varied pregnancy history, with 22 (28%) nulliparous, 58 (73%) parous, and 23 (29%) respondents who were currently pregnant.
Discussion: It is not uncommon for pregnant patients to manage psychiatric comorbidities, and in our sample, these diagnoses spanned socioeconomic, racial, and educational backgrounds. Medical education should focus on normalizing and improving psychiatric screening in pregnancy and achieving competence with management of medications, psychological supports, and anticipatory guidance for patients navigating the transition to parenthood. Future research should focus on how equipped medical students and primary care providers feel to address the psychiatric needs of patients during pregnancy.
Target audience: Healthcare providers, educators, and researchers involved with maternal and mental healthcare.
References: American Psychiatric Association. Perinatal Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: A White Paper on the Status of Care in the United States. American Psychiatric Association; 2023. Accessed November 2, 2024. https://www.psychiatry.org/getmedia/344c26e2-cdf5-47df-a5d7-a2d444fc1923/APA-CDC-Perinatal-Mental-and-Substance-Use-Disorders-Whitepaper.pdf
Innovation through the U.T.E.R.U.S: Utilization of a Three-D Model for Education and Research in Uterine Simulation
(2025) Mikami, Brandi; Thompson, Jesse; Lozanoff, Scott; Raidoo, Shandhini; Stowers, Paris
Context: Learners often struggle to build confidence with intrauterine procedures like IUD insertion/removal and uterine aspiration. Current simulation models for developing these skills vary from costly high-fidelity models, low-cost low-fidelity models, or one-time use fruit models which lack realistic simulation of instrumentation of the cervix and uterus. Effective training assets for instruction of these procedures remain scarce. With increasing restrictions on abortion training, intrauterine procedure simulation may be especially important for learners in areas with limited abortion training access.
Objectives: This study aims to develop a low-cost, reusable, high-fidelity model using 3D printing technology for learners to practice intrauterine procedures.
Description of Innovation: The workflow to create the uterine model consists of Model Creation, Review, and Production. For Creation, an anonymized cadaver was MRI scanned, allowing for uterus identification and segmentation (Slicer), providing a mesh model that was subjected to artistic edits (Maya software). In Review, the model was uploaded to Sketchfab and Z-Space for visualization and final alterations. The final Production step comprised 3D printing using a Bambu X1C printer and Bambu Studio for support and infill settings.
The model dimensions are 87x177x32 mm using Polylactic Acid filament. 95A thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament and colorFabb VarioShore TPU were attempted to produce more malleable models with variable shore hardness ratings. TPU reels are kept in a heated filament dryer for 12-24 hours before printing at a relative humanity (RH) of 15%, while ambient room RH is maintained at 50% RH. A 7% maze-like Hilbert curve infill was utilized for overhang support while reducing the rigidity of the printed model compared to the grid infill pattern. Volumetric print speed is also lowered, allowing better adhesion between layers. Additional design modifications may use multiple materials for different components.
Evaluation of Innovation: Complex Family Planning experts have reviewed and tested the initial models for anatomical accuracy, functionality, and durability using uterine dilators and uterine sounds. Experts provided feedback regarding elasticity, dimensions, shape, and additional components such as handle implementation for improved portability of the model. Current enhancements focus on developing a more anatomically realistic model with a uterocervical angle and increased flexibility. The model continues to undergo improvements/revision through an iterative process.
Upon development of a suitable model, learners and practicing clinicians will trial various iterations of procedural simulation, then complete a survey concerning ease of procedure, realism, and overall perception of the models. Survey responses will be analyzed using descriptive statistics. The resulting feedback will be used to revise and improve the model, and the cycle will repeat with multiple groups.
Discussion/Key Message: The workflow facilitates production of a lightweight, low-cost, and ease-of-use model with an inexpensive and widely available 3D printer. Immediate next steps include revisions using TPU filament for printing allowing for more malleability. Future work focuses on assessing the instructional effectiveness of the 3D-printed uterus, with learners evaluating/comparing simulation fruit, high-fidelity, and 3D-printed uterine models.
Target audience: Medical educators who teach intrauterine procedures and learners including medical students, residents, and fellows.