The Paradox of Choice: Digital Akrasia in the Deployment of Multi-Factor Authentication

Abstract

This research investigates digital akrasia, the phenomenon of acting against one's better judgment, specifically in the context of optional adoption of multi-factor authentication (MFA). Through a mixed- method study, we identified five factors contributing to digital akrasia in MFA adoption: inconvenience, time consumption, reliance on additional devices, security concerns, and potential malfunctions. Additionally, we discovered five factors that can mitigate digital akrasia: improved overall security, account verification and identity confirmation, enhanced peace of mind, increased privacy and protection of personal information, and prevention of identity theft. Recognizing these influential factors allows us to focus on inhibiting akrasia and encouraging users to embrace MFA even when it is not mandatory.