Pietrusewsky, Michael
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Item Lipson M, Cheronet O, Mallick S, Rohland N, Oxenham M, Pietrusewsky M, Oliver Pryce, M, Willis, A, Matsumura H, Buckley H, Domett K, Giang Hai Nguyen G. H, Hoang Hiep Trinh H H, Kya, A A, Win T T, Pradier B, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Candilio F, Changmai P, Fernandes D, Ferry M, Beatriz Gamarra B, Harney E, Kampuansai J, Wibhu Kutanan M, Michel M, Novak M, Oppenheimer J, Sirak K, Stewardson K, Zhang Z. Flegontov P, Pinhasi R, Reich, D. 2018. Ancient genomes document multiple waves of migration in Southeast Asian prehistory. Science 361(6397):92-95. doi:10.1126/science.aat3188.(2018)Southeast Asia is home to rich human genetic and linguistic diversity, but the details of past population movements in the region are not well known. Here, we report genome-wide ancient DNA data from eighteen Southeast Asian individuals spanning from the Neolithic period through the Iron Age (4100–1700 years ago). Early farmers from Man Bac in Vietnam exhibit a mixture of East Asian (southern Chinese agriculturalist) and deeply diverged eastern Eurasian (hunter-gatherer) ancestry characteristic of Austroasiatic speakers, with similar ancestry as far south as Indonesia providing evidence for an expansive initial spread of Austroasiatic languages. By the Bronze Age, in a parallel pattern to Europe, sites in Vietnam and Myanmar show close connections to present-day majority groups, reflecting substantial additional influxes of migrants.Item Pietrusewsky Mandibular Metric Data(2024)The mandibular dataset consist of twenty-six traditional morphometric measurements [Document 7] recorded in 989 adult male [Dataset 3] and 113 adult female [Dataset 4] mandibles. The choice of measurements and the methods to record them follow the methods of Brown (1982), Martin and Saller (1957), and Trinkaus (1978). The mandibles represent modern, near modern, and Late Pleistocene individuals from the Pacific Islands (Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia), Mainland Southeast Asia, and East Asia (China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Siberia and Mongolia). Further explanation of the abbreviations used in the datasets is given in Documents 8-9. Document 10 provides a summary of the number of male and female crania included in the datasets.Item Pietrusewsky, M. 1969. The Physical Anthropology of Early Tongan Populations: A Study of Bones and Teeth and an Assessment of their Biological Affinities Based on Cranial Comparisons with Eight Other Pacific Populations. Ph.D., University of Toronto.(1969)An osteological-odontological study of human skeletal remains archaeologically excavated by J. Davidson from two burial mounds on the island of Tongatapu of the Western Polynesian kingdom of Tonga in 1967 is presented. A determination of age at death, sex, and an assessment of statute and build for approximately 99 individuals is provided. Morphological and metrical data for both cranial and infracranial material, and non-metrical dental observations are presented. A section on palaeopathology and limited comparisons between excavated samples and modern (c.1920) Tongans are included. Finally, applying univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to metrical and non-metrical cranial data, comparisons are made with cranial series from Polynesia and Fiji. The results of these comparisons demonstrate: • A marked dichotomy between western (Tonga-Samoa) and eastern Polynesia • An association between Tonga-Samoa (western Polynesian sample) and Fiji (an eastern Melanesian sample). • A clustering of Society and Tuamotu, samples from central Polynesia, and a general cluster which includes Hawaii, New Zealand, Chatham Island, Marquesas, and Easter Island groups from more marginal areas of Polynesia. Easter Island demonstrates the greatest difference from these groups. Parallels are drawn between this new skeletal biological evidence and evidence from linguistics, archaeology, and cultural anthropology that favor a western as opposed to an eastern origin of the Polynesians from an eastern Melanesian source.Item Liu Y-C, Hunter-Anderson R, Cheronet O, Eakin J, Camacho F, Pietrusewsky M, Rohland N, Ioannidis A, Athens JS, Ikehara-Quebral RM, Toomay Douglas, Bernardos MR, Culleton BJ, Mah M, Adamski N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Callan K, Lawson AM, Mandl K, Michel M, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K , Zalzala F, Kidd K, Kidd J, Schurr TG, Auckland K, Hill AVS, Mentzer AJ, Quinto-Cortés CD, Robson K, Kennett DJ, Patterson, N, Bustamante CD, Moreno-Estrada A, Spriggs M, Vilar M, Lipson M, Pinhasi R, Reich D. 2022. Ancient DNA reveals five migrations into Micronesia and matrilocality in early Pacific seafarers. Science. doi: 10.1126/science.abm6536(2022)Micronesia began to be peopled earlier than other parts of Remote Oceania, but the origins of its inhabitants remain unclear. We generated genome-wide data from 164 ancient and 112 modern individuals. Analysis reveals five migratory streams into Micronesia. Three are East Asian related, one is Polynesian, and a fifth is a Papuan source related to mainland New Guineans that is different from the New Britain–related Papuan source for southwest Pacific populations but is similarly derived from male migrants ~2500 to 2000 years ago. People of the Mariana Archipelago may derive all of their precolonial ancestry from East Asian sources, making them the only Remote Oceanians without Papuan ancestry. Female-inherited mitochondrial DNA was highly differentiated across early Remote Oceanian communities but homogeneous within, implying matrilocal practices whereby women almost never raised their children in communities different from the ones in which they grew up.Item Discriminant function analysis of craniometric data for distinguishing Japanese and Filipino crania(Taylor & Francis, 2022-04-18) Hayashi, Atsuko; Pietrusewsky, MichaelGiven their similar morphology and gene-flow histories, determining whether an unidentified cranium found in the Philippines is Japanese or Filipino presents a challenge. Two different analyses are undertaken. First, discriminant function (DF) analyses are applied to 295 crania using 22 measurements for distinguishing between: 1) males and females, 2) Japanese and Filipino males, and 3) Japanese and Filipino females, and 4) among four groups (Japanese males, Filipino males, Japanese females, and Filipino females). Second, a DF equation for distinguishing Japanese males and Filipino males using 173 crania and 29 measurements is introduced. In addition to being able to distinguish between Japanese and Filipino crania, this study found that seldom used cranial measurements such as simonic chord (least nasal breadth -WNB), inferior malar length (IML), and maximum malar length (XML) are influential for distinguishing between these two Asian groups. The predicted classification accuracy of DF equations from both analyses ranged from 82.0% to 93.6%. Sixty test crania for the first study and 40 for the second study maintains classification success rates between 82.0% and 93.3%. The DF equations reported in this study can be a useful initial screening tool for identifying Japanese war dead in the Philippines.