Special Topics in Organizational Systems and Technology

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/107566

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Generative UX Research Process for Designing Professional Service Robotic Systems and Teleoperation Interfaces
(2024-01-03) Sankar, Gaayathri; Djamasbi, Soussan; Buchler, Norbou
The User Experience-driven Innovation (UXDI) framework emphasizes that successful product design, irrespective of organizational or personal systems, considers the user, context, and technology. In this paper, we outline a generative UX research process to study user needs for teleoperation robotics systems that can assist employees in specialized tasks under stressful conditions as there has been minimal work in documenting such processes. Grounded in the socio-technical systems (STS) theory we developed a tasks-first approach to studying employee needs for professional service robots. We designed worksheets for 1) identifying project tasks and their Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), 2) creating high-level and detailed task experience maps, and 3) developing personas for employees who complete the identified tasks. The experience maps and personas can then be used to generate insights for designing robotic systems that can assist employees with the identified tasks.
Teaching Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to "Everyone Else"
(2024-01-03) Locke, James; Rainer, Kelly
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have become essential technologies in modern organizations, but there currently is a lack of AI/ML literacy across workforces. To help alleviate this problem, universities should offer courses providing a basic understanding of AI and ML. To date, mainly (or only) Computer Science departments offer such courses. In this paper, we discuss the importance of offering introductory courses on AI/ML to undergraduate business students. We focus on business students to keep the paper length manageable but note that the paper applies to most university majors. We first offer a rationale for these courses and follow with a brief course design for a three-course introductory sequence in AI and ML.
Board Level Balanced Scorecard for Cyber Resilience
(2024-01-03) Pearlson, Keri; Prakash, Mridula
Boards of Directors (BODs) have a unique role in managing cybersecurity: they provide oversight to operational and strategic decisions while executing a fiduciary responsibility to manage cyber-risk. Since organizations cannot count on 100% protection, BODs must ensure their organizations are cyber-resilient, and can recover quickly from cyber incidents. But BOD reporting mechanisms are inadequate for this role. Most of the reporting to BODs are on operational metrics around protection, not cyber-resilience and the business at risk from a cyber incident. This paper suggests a balanced scorecard for cyber resilience (BSCR) for BODs. This theory-building research was informed by surveys and focus groups of cybersecurity leaders and board members. The BSCR gives business context-based insights and metrics on the biggest risks to cybersecurity resilience faced by their organization, and the investments their operational managers have made to mitigate the impact of these risks. Armed with the BSCR, BODs have the information they need for meaningful discussions and evaluation of their organization’s cyber-resiliency.
Unveiling the Strength of Digital Objects: The Impact of the Digital Object Concept on Technology Acceptance
(2024-01-03) Califf, Christopher; Springer, Mark
Research in developmental psychology suggests that humans possess innate cognitive principles that shape how we make sense of objects: cohesion, continuity, and contact. This paper applies these ideas to IS research to introduce the digital object concept framework and scale. Grounded in Spelke's core knowledge theory, the framework identifies three principles (digital object cohesion, digital object continuity, and digital object contact) that shape individuals' understanding of digital objects. To measure the strength of individuals’ digital object concepts, a scale was developed. The scale was tested in relation to perceived usefulness, ease of use, and intention to use, revealing positive and significant relationships. This study enhances the understanding of cognitive processes in technology usage and provides a valuable lens and measurement tool for IS researchers to use in multiple research streams. IS professionals can use this paper to help identify strong and weak digital object concepts in employees.
Developing a Culture of Collaboration among Information Workers: A Game-theoretic approach
(2024-01-03) Sarkar, Amitrajit; Wingreen, Stephen; Sharma, Ravishankar; Ascroft, John
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the flaws of the traditional physically co-located office, forcing many organizations to work remotely. Many knowledge workers worked from home on a regular basis during COVID-19, and as a result, the power gap between remote e-workers and their previously on-site colleagues has vanished. To answer our research questions, how does the involuntary working from home requirement due to COVID-19 affect team collaboration and performance, what factors enable the design and implementation of a hybrid way of working in knowledge organizations? and, in volatile and uncertain situations, how does organizational culture influence IT governance performance in global virtual teams in a large organization? we conducted an in-depth organization-wide case study. Using a game-theoretic lens, this study explores the sudden and enforced issues that COVID-19 has presented, and the technological means knowledge workers use to achieve their team collaboration goals. We interviewed 221 knowledge workers and,15 c-suite executives and senior leadership group (SLG) members about their experiences of being required to work from home and its’ various effects on team dynamics and collaborative problem-solving. This paper contributes to the IT Governance theory and IS Resilience theory by providing an understanding of team collaboration during uncertain, volatile situations (COVID-19). This broad-scope overview provides an integrative approach for considering the implications of COVID-19 for work, workers, and organizations while also identifying issues for future research and insights to inform solutions.
Supporting Managerial Decision-Making for Federated Machine Learning: Design of a Technology Selection Tool
(2024-01-03) Zahn, Milena; Müller, Tobias; Matthes, Florian
The insufficient amount of training data is a persisting bottleneck of Machine Learning systems. A large portion of the world’s data is scattered and locked in data silos. Breaking up these data silos could alleviate this problem. Federated Machine Learning is a novel model-to-data approach that enables the training of Machine Learning models, on decentralized, potentially siloed data. Despite its promising potential, most Federated Machine Learning projects never leave the prototype stage. This can be attributed to exaggerated expectations and an inappropriate fit between the technology and the use case. Current literature does not offer guidance for assessing the fit between Federated Machine Learning and their use case. Against this backdrop, we design a decision-support tool to aid decision-makers in the suitability and complexity assessment of FedML projects. Thereby, we aim to facilitate the technology selection process, avoid exaggerated expectations and consequently facilitate the success of Federated Machine Learning projects.
Introduction to the Minitrack on Special Topics in Organizational Systems and Technology
(2024-01-03) Ryan, Jim

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