Digital Innovation
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ItemMilitary Intelligence Applications for Blockchain Technology( 2019-01-08)In this paper, the authors review documented problems in military intelligence that appear well suited for improvement via blockchain technology. We review guidance from the literature related to determining blockchain technology applicability and propose a decision aid tailored to military intelligence perspectives. We also propose applying batch queueing theory to enable initial feasibility studies and present analysis toward the first known case study of military intelligence incorporation of blockchain technology, a project reviewing blockchain applicability to an intelligence database that stores geographic locations of units of interest.
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ItemSpatial Practices in Digital Work: Calling for a Spatial Turn in Information Systems Research( 2019-01-08)The growing use of digital media in the workplace is shifting work to digital platforms, this study explores the role of the physical office space in modern organisations where digital work is the norm. We capture the way in which digital media modulates the production of space by tracing the physical and digital interactions of a software development team in a global IT company. Taking a performative and ontogenetic view of space we conceptualise two types of spatial practices that form distinct modulations and assemblages of features of the physical and digital environment. The first spatial practice modulates space to support recurrent work activities, while the second spatial practice modulates space to support ephemeral and focused work activities. This study contributes to the IS literature with a conceptual basis to study the interconnected nature of physical space in digital work in modern workplace settings. It calls for greater attention to space as a performative and constitutive element of digital work in information systems research.
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ItemDigitalization of Work Systems—An Organizational Routines’ Perspective( 2019-01-08)Digitalization is a hypernym that denotes the ground-shifting impact IT artifacts have on organizations. The term implicitly refers to core topics in Information Systems research, which now enfolds at increasing magnitude, speed, and reach. However, digitalization often lacks explicit references to domestic theories, concepts, and constructs in the Information Systems literature. Fundamental mechanisms that constitute digitalization as an interplay of organizations and information systems remain unexplored. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, based on extending extant theory on organizational routines, we propose four patterns that conceptualize digitalization mechanisms as an interplay of organizational routines and IT artifacts. Second, we demonstrate how more complex transformation trajectories of routines unfold, by concatenating our patterns to form transformation stories. On either level of abstraction, further research can build on the proposed patterns to theorize on how the interplay of IT artifacts and organizational routines constitutes the digitalization of work systems.
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ItemDigital Innovation and Incubators: A Comparative Interview Study from the Perspective of the Automotive Industry( 2019-01-08)As non-corporate (herewith referred to as “independent”) incubators gain in popularity for propelling digital innovation, traditional automotive firms have set up in-house incubators (herewith referred to as “corporate”) to accelerate innovation without disrupt-ing too much the inherent organizational structures and corporate cultures. The overarching objective is to establish the expected benefits for automotive firms from independent incubators when organizing corporate incubators. Using a comparative interview study, ten successful independent incubators in North America are discussed in terms of their ability to provide support in the digital domains. Our work has resulted in novel operating models for categorizing incubators to describe variations in focus areas and support for digital innovation. The results sheds light on how corporate incubators (internal to automotive firms) have the potential to shield digital ventures from the complexities of large and traditional establishments, and to promote interactions with other business units within the firm when performing digital innovation.
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ItemInstitutional Logics and Digital Collective Action at Amnesty International – the Decoder Initiative( 2019-01-08)As social movement organizations (SMOs) enter the platform economy to transform their processes and scale their impact, they have to reckon their traditional logic with the emerging logic of the platform organization. In this paper we examine the Decoder initiative at Amnesty International. The Decoder initiative introduced the global SMO into the uncharted territory of online microtasking of political activism. The platform allowed rapid scaling of repetitive unstructured data tasks to generate large quantities of standardized data, leveraging the work of thousands previously unaffiliated digital supporters around the world. While partially contrasting, we trace and examine the coexistence of the SMO and digital platform logics. We conclude with implications for theory and practice.
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ItemWhen Function Meets Emotion, Change Can Happen: Societal Value Propositions and Disruptive Potential in FinTechs( 2019-01-08)Despite significant interest in value propositions as central drivers in digital service innovation, the literature so far provides limited insights from a societal perspective to better understand the formation of a disruptive potential based on proposed values. Accordingly, research on FinTechs as exemplary providers of digital service innovations has mainly addressed functional aspects of value propositions so far. This paper thus sets out to gain insights into the interplay and overall role of value propositions as potential antecedents and change catalysts in the formation of the often-promised disruptive potential of FinTechs. In an inductive theory-building approach the authors first examine how societal value propositions transcend individual functional and emotional ones and conclude with a conceptual model of the how the former can build up the disruptive potential of FinTechs.
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ItemMastering Software Robot Development Projects: Understanding the Association between System Attributes & Design Practices( 2019-01-08)Software robots tend to increasingly take over organizational processes. However, little is known about principles of developing as opposed to using robotic systems, such as RPA robots and chatbots. Therefore, based on a comparative case study, this paper elaborates how different types of robots, due to distinguishing system attributes, relate to different design practices that arise from varying challenges of transforming existing routines into robots.
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ItemImpacts of Machine Learning on Work( 2019-01-08)The increased pervasiveness of technological advancements in automation makes it urgent to address the question of how work is changing in response. Focusing on applications of machine learning (ML) that automate information tasks, we present a simple framework for identifying the impacts of an automated system on a task. From an analysis of popular press articles about ML, we develop 3 patterns for the use of ML—decision support, blended decision making and complete automation—with implications for the kinds of tasks and systems. We further consider how automation of one task might have implications for other interdependent tasks. Our main conclusion is that designers have a range of options for systems and that automation of tasks is not the same as automation of work.
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ItemDigital Entrepreneurship in Two-sided Markets. Insights from Real Estate Crowdfunding Platforms.( 2019-01-08)While there is a growing body of research on the success factors in crowdfunding campaigns, much less is known about the factors that influence the success of crowdfunding platforms. We begin to address this gap in research by examining real estate crowdfunding platforms (RECPs) which connect real estate investors with real estate capital seekers. To understand how entrepreneurs leverage technology in this context, we drew on resource orchestration theory and we conducted a multi-case analysis across seven RECPs in the United States. We discovered that RECP founders and executives view technology as a focal resource orchestration mechanism that is critical for platform success. We identified five higher-order themes that describe entrepreneurial goals in leveraging technology: efficiency, agility, scalability, reach and personalization. We also examined how different platforms solved the two-sided market launch challenge and we found that entrepreneurs developed a number of different strategies.
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ItemIntroduction to the Minitrack on Digital Innovation( 2019-01-08)