Helping behavior: gender differences and correlates
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1991
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University of Hawaii at Manoa
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Abstract
Male and female college students reported the frequency with which they gave and received help, and rated the importance of the behavior described in each of 56 altruism items which targeted strangers only. Some of the subjects in Australia, Egypt, Korea, Taiwan, the United states (Hawaii and Missouri) and Yugoslavia were also assessed on measures of guilt, shame, psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism, and a lie scale. A second study varied the altruism targets to include relatives/close friends vs. strangers/acquaintances on 26 altruism items. Pearson correlations, discriminant functions, and analyses of variance showed that: 1) males generally both gave and received more help than females, while females usually rated the importance of helping higher than males, 2) guilt and extraversion were positively associated with giving and receiving help, while shame correlated negatively with giving and receiving help, and positively with the rated importance of helping, and 3) subjects who grew up in moderate-sized communities tended to be more altruistic than those from either rural or large urban centers. Gender differences remained even when the cost or sacrifice of specific altruistic deeds were considered, and cultural or regional origins did not seem to be significant factors accounting for the higher levels of altruism reported by males than by females.
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Helping behavior--Sex differences, Sex differences (Psychology)
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Theses for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (University of Hawaii at Manoa). Psychology; no. 2631
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