National AI Strategic Plans for the Public versus Private Sectors: A Cross-Cultural Configurational Analysis

Abstract

We use a fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) approach to analyze the national Artificial Intelligence (AI) strategic plans of 34 countries. Applying Hofstede's four-dimension cultural model, we find that countries develop their national AI strategic plans around public and private sector policies in a manner that is consistent with their national cultures and, if they only place emphasis on one, it will generally be on industry. We also find that the most critical differentiators between detailed versus limited plan development are task/people orientation and individualism/collectivism, where high collectivism and high task orientation are linked to more detailed national AI plans and policies.