Volume 30 – 1990 : Hawaiian Entomological Society

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/10672

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Parasites Associated with the Leucaena Psyllid, Heteropsylla cubana Crawford, in Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Beardsley, John W.; Uchida, Grant K.
Four species of parasitoid Hymenoptera have been reared from the Leucaena psyllid, Heteropsylla cubana Crawford, in Hawaii. In addition to the purposely introduced primary parasite Psyllaephagus yaseeni Noyes (Encyrtidae), three species of hyperparasites have been reared. These are a pteromalid, Pachyneuron siphonophorae (Ashmead), and two encyrtids, Syrphophagus aphidivorus (Mayr) and Syrphophagus sp. A key to parasitoids reared from H. cubana in Hawaii is presented.
Marietta pulchella (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a Primary Parasite of Conchaspis angraeci Cockerell (Homoptera: Conchaspididae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Beardsley, John W.; Tsuda, Dick M.
An aphelinid wasp, Marietta pulchella (Howard), was discovered for the first time in Hawaii when it was reared from the angraecum scale, Conchaspis angraeci Cockerell. M. pulchella develops as a solitary ectoparasite within the scale cover. This is the first record of a parasitoid attacking C. angraeci, and the first record of a Marietta species developing as a primary parasite.
Scientific and Operational Notes Hypothenemus obscurus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a New Pest of Macadamia Nuts in Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Beardsley, John W.
A tropical American scolytid beetle, Hypothenemus obscurus (Fabricius), was found for the first time in the Hawaiian islands during July 1988 when beetles were reared from macadamia nuts from the Kona region of Hawaii Island. Macadamia is a previously unreported host for H. obscurus which is a potentially serious new pest of this crop.
The Genus Kleidotoma Westwood in Hawaii, with Descriptions of Three New Species (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Eucoilidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Beardsley, John W.
Taxonomic descriptions and a key are provided for species or the genus Kleidotoma Westwood known from Hawaii. Six species are treated, three of which are described as new. Two new species associated with endemic freshwater Ephydridae and Canaceidae are placed in a new subgenus, Nesakleidotoma. A third species, K. (Pentakleidota) swezeyi Yoshimoto, also may be aquatic and has been collected around brackish littoral ponds containing larvae of Neoscatella (Ephydridae). Of the remaining three species, all placed in the nominate subgenus, two have not been associated with aquatic environments and are presumed to be recent immigrants of unknown origin. One of these is described as new, and the second, K. kraussi Yoshimoto, was known previously only from Fiji. The third species, K. bryani Yoshimoto, previously known only from Hawaii and Palmyra, is here reported from Guam, where it was collected in association with beach seaweed.
Notes on Immigrant Delphacid Planthoppers in Hawaii (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Beardsley, John W.
Immigrant delphacid planthoppers which have become established in Hawaii since 1960 are discussed, and a revised key to Hawaiian Delphacini (sensu Zimmerman 1948) is presented.
Axenic Rearing of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Tamashiro, Minoru; Westcot, Daphne M.; Mitchell, Wallace C.; Jones, Wendy E.
Axenically rearing the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, through many continuous generations revealed that microbes were not essential for development. Absence of microbes did not affect the incubation period of the eggs, percent egg hatch, larval period, percent pupation, pupal period, adult emergence or the preovipositional period of the adults. However, axenic rearing had a highly significant effect on fecundity. Axenically reared flies laid significantly fewer eggs than xenically reared flies. Ovarian development was reduced in axenically reared females. Fecundity was not increased even when the axenically reared adults were fed food which increased fecundity in xenically reared adults. There were no differences in the fertility of the eggs laid by xenically or axenically reared flies.
Arrival Rates of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), to Methyl Eugenol
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Nishida, Toshiyuki; Vargas, Roger I.
Rates at which oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, males arrived at the site of the lure, methyl eugenol, were determined in the field. Arrival rate curves varied and were classified by shape into three types: Type A, a rapid initial arrival followed by a rapid decline with time; Type B, a delayed initial arrival followed by a rapid increase; and Type C, a relatively steady arrival but in low numbers. The implications of these three curves with respect to the distribution and abundance of D.dorsalis males are discussed.
Relationship Between Simulated Chinese Rose Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Feeding and Photosynthetic Rate Reduction
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Furutani, Sheldon C.; Arita, Lorna H.; Fujii, Jack K.
Photosynthetic rate measurements of the remaining leaf lamina tissue were taken from snap bean and corn plants after simulated Chinese rose beetle, Adoretus sinicus Burmeister, feeding. There was a linear decline in photosynthetic rate for snap bean leaves and a curvilinear decline for corn with increased amount of simulated feeding. Percent photosynthetic rate reduction for corn increased at a greater rate than for snap bean with increased defoliation. The differential feeding pattern on monocotyledonous (interveinal and veinal feeding) and dicotyledonous (interveinal feeding) plants by the Chinese rose beetle is suggested as evidence for the photosynthetic rate differences of snap bean and corn.
Influence of Experience on Acceptance of Artificial Oviposition Substrates in Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Prokopy, Ronald J.; Green, Thomas A.; Wong, Tim T.Y.; McInnis, Donald O.
Naive, non-irradiated, laboratory-reared Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) females from a colony in culture for more than 300 generations had a much greater propensity than naive wild-origin C. capitata females to attempt opposition in 100 mm diameter hollow pre-punctured plastic yellow spheres used in collecting C. capitata eggs. Ovipositional experience of lab-cultured females for 3 days with host fruit caused a reduction in propensity to bore into the spheres. Nonetheless, this propensity remained greater than that of naive or fruit-experienced wild-origin females. Our findings therefore suggest consideration of the nature of prior ovipositional experience of C. capitata when using artificial egg-collecting devices.
Population Performance of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Cucumber Infected with a Mosaic Virus
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Culliney, Thomas W.
Densities of larval, adult, and total populations of melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny, a nonvector, were significantly higher on leaves of cucumber infected with watermelon mosaic virus 1 than on healthy cucumber leaves. Diseased leaves were also significantly smaller and contained lower levels of nitrogen than healthy leaves. Possible mechanisms affecting the thrips population differences between infected and healthy plants are discussed.
Three New Species of Picture-Winged Drosophila from the Hawaiian Islands
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Perreira, William D.; Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y.
We describe three new species of Hawaiian Drosophila for which names are required for cytogenetic and other studies being conducted on the evolution of the group. Two of these belong in the adiastola species subgroup, the third to the orphnopeza species subgroup.
Rearing Techniques for Dacus latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Vargas, Roger I.; Mitchell, Shizuko; Fujita, Brian; Albrecht, Christopher
Simple low cost techniques and equipment have been developed for large scale production of Malaysian fruit fly, Dacus latifrons (Hendel). An artificial wheat diet was modified for use as a production diet by addition of carrot powder (7.5% by vol), which significantly increased pupal yield and adult fecundity, and citric acid (0.35%), which controlled fungi encountered during large scale rearing. A new oviposition device, enclosable larval rearing trays, a larval collection cabinet, and specialized pupal holding procedures are described. During a 1 yr period 7,611,040 D. latifrons pupae were produced from 25,714,344 fertile eggs in less than 77 m2 of space in 120 personnel hr per wk to support commodity treatment, attractant screening, and sterile insect release method research programs.
Economic Damage and Host Preference of Lepidopterous Pests of Major Warm Season Turfgrasses of Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Murdoch, C.L.; Tashiro, H.; Tavares, J.W.; Mitchell, W.C.
The four major lepidopterous pests of turfgrasses of Hawaii are the grass webworm, Herpetogramma licarisalis (Walker), (GWW); lawn armyworm, Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval), (LAW); black cutworm, Agrostis ipsilon (Hufnagle), (BCW); and fiery skipper, Hylephila phylaeus (Drury), (FS). The effects of different densities of larvae of these four insects on development of feeding injury to 'Sunturf’ bermudagrass, Cynodon magennisii (Hurcombe), were determined in 12.7 cm diameter pots in a glasshouse. Effects of diets of different turfgrasses on larval development and survival of the GWW and FS were determined in the laboratory. Complete consumption of ‘Sunturf’ bermudagrass occurred in 6-7 days with populations of greater than 3 LAW, 4 BCW, 10 FS. and 12 GWW. All population levels of LAW and BCW caused serious injury (greater than 20% of turf consumed) 4-5 days after adding third instar larvae to pots. One FS and one or two GWW larvae per pot caused only slight feeding injury. Developmental rate and survival of the GWW were poorest on 'Tifgreen’ and common bermudagrass. FS larvae developed more slowly when fed Zoysia matrella (L.) and centipedegrass, Eremochloa ophiuroides ((Munro.) Hack). All FS larvae fed St. Augustinegrass, Stenotaphrum secundatum ((Walt.) Kuntz.), died after 7-8 days.
Biological Observations on Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Gregarious Endoparasitoid of The Mediterranean Fruit Fly and The Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Ramadan, Mohsen M.; Wong, Tim T.Y.
Fruits collected from peaches and loquats to estimate field parasitism of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, showed that the gregarious endoparasitoid, Telrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), was abundant in the Kula area of Maui, Hawaii during June and July 1988. The combined average parasitoid progeny per puparium was 6.4 from the two host species. Parasitoid sex-ratio was independent of host size and averaged 79% females per host puparium.
Parasitoids and Predators of Insect Pests on Chrysanthemums in Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Hara, Arnold H.; Matayoshi, Shinsuke
Trials were conducted at a commercial cut-chrysanthemum nursery in Mountain View, Hawaii to evaluate biological control of chrysanthemum insect pests. No chemical pesticides were applied throughout the growing season. Numerous parasitoids and predators of the agromyzid leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), the green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and the variegated cutworm (VC), Peridroma saucia (Hubner), were recovered. The two dominant parasitoid species of L. trifolii, Diglyphus intermedius (Girault), and Ganaspidium utilis Beardsley, provided biological control during the first 7 to 9 weeks after planting when the unmarketed portion of the chrysanthemum foliage was growing. Additional biorational or chemical control methods are necessary for GPA. VC, and L. trifolii when their damage affects the marketable portion of the crop.
Host Suitability of Wild Cucurbits for Melon Fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, in Hawaii, with Notes on their Distribution and Taxonomic Status
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Uchida, G.K.; Vargas, R.I.; Beardsley, J.W.; Liquido, N.J.
Previous confusion in botanical and entomological literature concerning the names of certain wild hosts of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, in Hawaii is discussed, and names currently accepted as correct are provided. The correct name for both wild and cultivated forms of bittermelon is Momordica charantia I.. Most previous references to Sicyos sp. and "Sycos" as melon fly hosts in Hawaii probably represent misidentification of Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenberg ex Spach. Rearings from collections of fruit of wild Cucurbitaceae showed that, in addition to M. charantia, C. dipsaceus, Sicyos pachycarpus Hooker and Arnott, and Coccinia grandis (I.) Voigt can serve as hosts for D. cucurbitae. Of these, C. dipsaceus and S. pachycarpus appear to be less important, as flies apparently can only develop in immature fruit, which are available for a relatively short time before becoming hard and unsuitable. However, C. grandis is a hardy, rapid-growing, weedy vine that produces abundant fruit, which is an excellent melon fly host. This vine is a relatively recent introduction into Hawaii and is presently confined to Oahu and the Kona District of Hawaii island. However, it is spreading rapidly and is likely to become a major reservoir host for the melon fly.
Survey of Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) Infestations in the Cultivated and Weedy Forms of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Liquido, Nicanor J.; Cunningham, Roy T.; Nakagawa, Susumu; Uchida, Grant
Melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, infestation surveys in bitter melons in Hawaii have been reported from Momordica sp., Momordica charantia L., and Momordica balsamina L. in the Hawaiian entomological literature. However, recent taxonomic studies show that M. Balsamina does not occur in Hawaii; the Hawaiian species is M. charantia. Because of apparent confusion and error in the identity of bitter melons in the Hawaiian literature, we searched for a database which included collections of both the cultivated and weedy forms of M. charantia. The USDA-ARS Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory's data base, archived in Hilo, Hawaii, met this requirement and therefore was used to compare the relative infestation rates of the cultivated and weedy forms of M. charantia by melon fly. Based on mean larvae per fruit, the cultivated form produced more melon flies man the weedy form; while based on mean larvae per weight of fruit, the weedy form produced more melon flies. Melon flies in both forms were more abundant at wet, lower elevations than at drier, higher elevations. The data presented here demonstrate that M. charantia serves as a melon fly host in residential, agricultural and forest ecosystems of Hawaii.
Biology and Reproductive Rate of the Leucaena Psyllid, Heteropsylla cubana Crawford
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Takara, John M.; Dinker, Richard J.; Nagamine, Walter T.; Teramoto, Kenneth K.
The biology and reproductive rate of the leucaena psyllid, Heteropsylla cubana Crawford was studied using Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit as host. Total developmental time was 10-11 days; eggs hatched in 2-3 days and the five nymphal instars required 8-9 days. Mean adult longevity was 10.6 days for females and 6.4 days for males. The preoviposition period ranged from 1-3 days. Mean egg production during the oviposition period was 18.8 eggs per day. The results of the reproductive study indicated a potential for rapid population increase if left unchecked.
30: Proceedings - PHES
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990)
30: Table of Contents - PHES
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990)

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