Volume 30 – 1990 : Hawaiian Entomological Society

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    Parasites Associated with the Leucaena Psyllid, Heteropsylla cubana Crawford, in Hawaii
    (Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Beardsley, John W. ; Uchida, Grant K.
    Four species of parasitoid Hymenoptera have been reared from the Leucaena psyllid, Heteropsylla cubana Crawford, in Hawaii. In addition to the purposely introduced primary parasite Psyllaephagus yaseeni Noyes (Encyrtidae), three species of hyperparasites have been reared. These are a pteromalid, Pachyneuron siphonophorae (Ashmead), and two encyrtids, Syrphophagus aphidivorus (Mayr) and Syrphophagus sp. A key to parasitoids reared from H. cubana in Hawaii is presented.
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    Marietta pulchella (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a Primary Parasite of Conchaspis angraeci Cockerell (Homoptera: Conchaspididae)
    (Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Beardsley, John W. ; Tsuda, Dick M.
    An aphelinid wasp, Marietta pulchella (Howard), was discovered for the first time in Hawaii when it was reared from the angraecum scale, Conchaspis angraeci Cockerell. M. pulchella develops as a solitary ectoparasite within the scale cover. This is the first record of a parasitoid attacking C. angraeci, and the first record of a Marietta species developing as a primary parasite.
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    Scientific and Operational Notes Hypothenemus obscurus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a New Pest of Macadamia Nuts in Hawaii
    (Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Beardsley, John W.
    A tropical American scolytid beetle, Hypothenemus obscurus (Fabricius), was found for the first time in the Hawaiian islands during July 1988 when beetles were reared from macadamia nuts from the Kona region of Hawaii Island. Macadamia is a previously unreported host for H. obscurus which is a potentially serious new pest of this crop.
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    The Genus Kleidotoma Westwood in Hawaii, with Descriptions of Three New Species (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Eucoilidae)
    (Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Beardsley, John W.
    Taxonomic descriptions and a key are provided for species or the genus Kleidotoma Westwood known from Hawaii. Six species are treated, three of which are described as new. Two new species associated with endemic freshwater Ephydridae and Canaceidae are placed in a new subgenus, Nesakleidotoma. A third species, K. (Pentakleidota) swezeyi Yoshimoto, also may be aquatic and has been collected around brackish littoral ponds containing larvae of Neoscatella (Ephydridae). Of the remaining three species, all placed in the nominate subgenus, two have not been associated with aquatic environments and are presumed to be recent immigrants of unknown origin. One of these is described as new, and the second, K. kraussi Yoshimoto, was known previously only from Fiji. The third species, K. bryani Yoshimoto, previously known only from Hawaii and Palmyra, is here reported from Guam, where it was collected in association with beach seaweed.
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    Notes on Immigrant Delphacid Planthoppers in Hawaii (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea)
    (Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Beardsley, John W.
    Immigrant delphacid planthoppers which have become established in Hawaii since 1960 are discussed, and a revised key to Hawaiian Delphacini (sensu Zimmerman 1948) is presented.
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    Axenic Rearing of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)
    (Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Tamashiro, Minoru ; Westcot, Daphne M. ; Mitchell, Wallace C. ; Jones, Wendy E.
    Axenically rearing the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, through many continuous generations revealed that microbes were not essential for development. Absence of microbes did not affect the incubation period of the eggs, percent egg hatch, larval period, percent pupation, pupal period, adult emergence or the preovipositional period of the adults. However, axenic rearing had a highly significant effect on fecundity. Axenically reared flies laid significantly fewer eggs than xenically reared flies. Ovarian development was reduced in axenically reared females. Fecundity was not increased even when the axenically reared adults were fed food which increased fecundity in xenically reared adults. There were no differences in the fertility of the eggs laid by xenically or axenically reared flies.
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    Arrival Rates of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), to Methyl Eugenol
    (Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Nishida, Toshiyuki ; Vargas, Roger I.
    Rates at which oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, males arrived at the site of the lure, methyl eugenol, were determined in the field. Arrival rate curves varied and were classified by shape into three types: Type A, a rapid initial arrival followed by a rapid decline with time; Type B, a delayed initial arrival followed by a rapid increase; and Type C, a relatively steady arrival but in low numbers. The implications of these three curves with respect to the distribution and abundance of D.dorsalis males are discussed.
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    Relationship Between Simulated Chinese Rose Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Feeding and Photosynthetic Rate Reduction
    (Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Furutani, Sheldon C. ; Arita, Lorna H. ; Fujii, Jack K.
    Photosynthetic rate measurements of the remaining leaf lamina tissue were taken from snap bean and corn plants after simulated Chinese rose beetle, Adoretus sinicus Burmeister, feeding. There was a linear decline in photosynthetic rate for snap bean leaves and a curvilinear decline for corn with increased amount of simulated feeding. Percent photosynthetic rate reduction for corn increased at a greater rate than for snap bean with increased defoliation. The differential feeding pattern on monocotyledonous (interveinal and veinal feeding) and dicotyledonous (interveinal feeding) plants by the Chinese rose beetle is suggested as evidence for the photosynthetic rate differences of snap bean and corn.
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    Influence of Experience on Acceptance of Artificial Oviposition Substrates in Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)
    (Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Prokopy, Ronald J. ; Green, Thomas A. ; Wong, Tim T.Y. ; McInnis, Donald O.
    Naive, non-irradiated, laboratory-reared Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) females from a colony in culture for more than 300 generations had a much greater propensity than naive wild-origin C. capitata females to attempt opposition in 100 mm diameter hollow pre-punctured plastic yellow spheres used in collecting C. capitata eggs. Ovipositional experience of lab-cultured females for 3 days with host fruit caused a reduction in propensity to bore into the spheres. Nonetheless, this propensity remained greater than that of naive or fruit-experienced wild-origin females. Our findings therefore suggest consideration of the nature of prior ovipositional experience of C. capitata when using artificial egg-collecting devices.
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    Population Performance of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Cucumber Infected with a Mosaic Virus
    (Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1990) Culliney, Thomas W.
    Densities of larval, adult, and total populations of melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny, a nonvector, were significantly higher on leaves of cucumber infected with watermelon mosaic virus 1 than on healthy cucumber leaves. Diseased leaves were also significantly smaller and contained lower levels of nitrogen than healthy leaves. Possible mechanisms affecting the thrips population differences between infected and healthy plants are discussed.