Blockchain Cases and Innovations
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Item Identifying Developer Engagement in Open-Source Software Blockchain Projects through Factor Analysis(2023-01-03) Nijsse, Jeff; Litchfield, AlanThe ubiquity of GitHub for software developers to coordinate software development in a community platform has resulted in a rich source of public data. Blockchain teams put open-source code as a founding principle since the release of Bitcoin and nearly all blockchain-based projects have code visible on GitHub. Developer engagement is known to be important to the health and viability of open-source software, yet has varying definitions and no standard method of measuring what constitutes engagement. This work uses exploratory factor analysis to identify dimensions that represent engagement in a community of open-source developers. We find that a latent factor composed of pull-requests, commits, comments, and authors based on a monthly average of the previous three months is a representation of Developer Engagement. A secondary factor consists of stars, forks, and total authors. Cross validation of the dataset is carried out with good support for the model.Item A Systematic Review of Blockchain-based Loyalty Programs(2023-01-03) Abooleet, Saeed; Kinnett, SethCustomer loyalty programs, the incentive structures designed to reward and retain customers for purchases and other activities, have struggled to maximize their intended goals. Academics and industry practitioners have advocated for the use of blockchain technology as a vehicle to revolutionize loyalty programs. Despite this hype, we have yet to see an examination of existing blockchain-based loyalty solutions. This paper identifies, reviews, and classifies tokenized loyalty solutions. Using a web-scraping method, we systematically retrieved 9,642 tokens listed on the coinmarketcap.com website. Multiple applications of inclusion/exclusion criteria resulted in 21 active loyalty programs based on blockchain, which we evaluated in depth. Our findings confirm that the domain is nascent yet more actualized than previous research has suggested. This analysis fills a much-needed role in the blockchain-loyalty literature by providing an industry lens into the realities of blockchain as a loyalty solution.Item Requirements and Design Principles for Blockchain-enabled Matchmaking-Marketplaces in Additive Manufacturing(2023-01-03) Kölbel, Tobias; Linkenheil, Marcel; Weinhardt, ChristofBlockchain-enabled marketplaces offer considerable potential for cross-company networks. The area of additive manufacturing appears particularly promising. However, the practical impact of business-to-business marketplaces in today’s organizations are still scarce, and academic literature contains limited design guidelines. Synthesizing knowledge from literature, practice, and qualitative expert interviews, our study explores 27 mandatory requirements, six optional requirements, and 12 design principles.Item Blockchain-based Continuous Timestamps Tracking System: Towards Ownership Information Believability(2023-01-03) Cu, Mina; Peko, Gabrielle; Chan, Johnny; Sundaram, DavidOwnership information of high value assets such as property is often concealed and fragmented, adversely affecting information believability. Following the design science research approach, we conceptualize believability as a data quality dimension that supports ownership traceability. We then investigate how blockchain technology might improve information believability in ownership traceability systems. We represent and address our findings via the development of a blockchain-based continuous timestamps tracking system model, framework and implementation for property ownership. A use case of banking transactional data for property ownership traceability is introduced to illustrate our workflow and system design. The proposed system takes advantage of blockchain technology such as traceability and irreversibility to support information believability in the design, management, and use of information systems.Item Introduction to the Minitrack on Blockchain Cases and Innovations(2023-01-03) Christodoulou, Klitos; Themistocleous, Marinos; Da Cunha, PauloItem Reorganization and Participation in Decentralized Platform Ecosystems: Evidence from Blockchain Forking(2023-01-03) Hsieh, Ying-Ying; Andersen, JonasLike any organizational system, platform ecosystems reorganize to update its alignment with the internal and external environments. However, unlike reorganizations of centrally managed platforms performed by the owners, reorganizations of decentralized platforms ecosystems do not rely on formal authority. Instead, the network self-reorganizes to renew the structure, rules, and information to evolve. Little is known about how self-reorganizations influence the participation of various types of networks. In this study, we investigate nine reorganization events on Ethereum, a blockchain-based decentralized smart contract platform, to unpack how self-reorganization related to hard forking influence participation in the development, validation, transaction, and complementor networks. We find that, while participation increases across all networks show a small increase after hard forking events, more complex dynamics are at play within each network that builds on delicate trade-offs between participation structure, configuration, and incentives. Our findings have implications for blockchain research as well as for start-ups building decentralized applications on top of decentralized smart contract platforms.Item Are we contributing? The who, when, where, and what of the Blockchain Research Landscape(2023-01-03) Honey, Karina; Robb, David; Rohde, FionaThe blockchain technology discourse is diverse, and diffusion is increasing. It is estimated that USD39 billion will be spent within the blockchain ecosystem by 2025. One can view this as an exciting time to be involved in technology. Or another can potentially view this as wasteful spending and exploitation of scarce resources. Additionally, projects and start-ups fail at an alarming rate, making it critical to provide tools to aid decision-makers. Current blockchain research has not yet answered what blockchain is nor what situations it is best suited to. This paper problematises the current discourse on blockchain technology through a systematic literature review using bibliometric techniques. We present blockchain research on who, when, where, and what. This research also extends the multi-discipline discourse by synthesising how blockchain technology is enacted. We present a benchmarking tool for assessing solutions. Further research topics are also presented.Item Blockchain Adoption and Investment Efficiency(2023-01-03) Lim, Jee-Hae; Chiu, Tzu-Ting; Traini, SimoneThis study empirically examines the relation between blockchain adoption and investment efficiency. Using a difference-in-differences research design with a sample of U.S. listed firms that indicate adoption of blockchain in business processes in 8-K filings during 2014 to 2019, we find that relative to non-adopters, blockchain adopters exhibit an increase in investment efficiency after the implementation of blockchain technology. Our findings suggest that blockchain adoption improves information quality which in turn affects firms’ price informativeness and information environments, and through which it enhances investment efficiency. Our study provides the first empirical evidence on the real effects of blockchain adoption. The findings are relevant to business communities given that improved efficiency is one of the main goals that many companies seek to achieve from adopting blockchain.Item Evaluating Effects of the Payment Ecosystem on Central Bank Digital Currency Adoption and Design(2023-01-03) Digiammaria, Chiara; Omarini, Anna; Kauffman, Robert; Kim, KwansooCBDC has become a discussion topic with worldwide economic and societal relevance. Payment system efficiency is a top driver for digital currency adoption. We examine literature gaps for payment ecosystem impact on CBDC adoption and design, and conduct test for 65 World Bank countries. We measure payment alternatives and preferences impacts and estimate least squares and limited dependent variables regressions. CBDC adoption is driven by payment ecosystem, alternative characteristics, e-money usage, perceived safety, and infrastructure. This signals that user familiarity with digital payment methods, trust in authorities, and structural capabilities support CBDC adoption. Adoption is inversely related to alternatives that dampen the need for CBDC. Transaction volume and trust in authorities are linked to choosing a central database, not a digital ledger technology (DLT) infrastructure. Deviations occur from ambiguous effects of cash and DLT usage on CBDC adoption and industry concentration, architecture, and linkages.