HIMB Technical Reports

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/14962

NOTE: The Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) was called the Hawaii Marine Lab (HML) from 1951 through 1965, when it changed to the current name.

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Hawai‘i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology
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Fanning Island expedition, July and August 1972
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1973-07) Chave, K.E.; Kay, E. Alison; Kam, Dennis T.O.
Fanning Island Expedition, January 1970
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1970-11) Chave, K.E.; Gallagher, Brent S.
Preliminary Analysis of the Economics of Siganid Fish Culture in Palau
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1977-09) May, Robert C.; McVey, James P.
This report analyzes the economics of culturing siganid fishes in Palau, based on data obtained at the Micronesian Mariculture Demonstration Center (MMDC) for Siganus canaliculatus and S. lineatus. The cost of producing fry at the MMDC hatchery is examined, followed by an analysis of the economics of culture in ponds and in cages. For both systems, "standard" methods are first considered, and then the probable economics effects of intensification are examined. Finally, the economics of culture for the ornamental fish trade and of hatchery production to support a culture-based fishery are briefly examined. With the possible exception of culture for the ornamental fish trade, the various systems considered here for siganid monoculture do not appear capable of yielding a profit, given the stated assumptions. The major problems include high production costs, which are related to the slow growth rates so far documented for the two species considered; and the low local market price for siganids, coupled with the high cost of transportation to markets with higher prices (and greater volumes). It is concluded that research on siganid culture in Palau should concentrate on reducing production costs through intensification and the development of faster-growing strains which are more tolerant of pond conditions (or the discovery of other siganid species with these attributes), and on increasing the value of the crop through polyculture and the exploration of new markets. Culture for the ornamental fish trade and for release are special cases for which economic justification may already exist. This analysis is considered preliminary because of the newness of siganid culture and the limited technical data available at this time.
Enhancement of Natural Populations of Moi (Polydactylus Sexfilis) in Hawaii Through the Release of Hatchery-reared Juveniles -- a Feasibility Study of Sea Ranching
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1977-03) Rao, Teegavarapu R.
There has been a drastic decline in recent years in the commercial catches of moi (Polydactylus sexfilis) in Hawaii. Encouraged by the success of ranching of non-anadromous fishes in Japan, a study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of enhancing moi populations in Hawaii through the release of hatchery-reared juveniles. The life history and fishery of moi, and the hatchery production of juveniles are discussed from the viewpoint of possible artificial recruitment. Although the moi hatchery technology developed at the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology is promising, larval survival rates presently achieved are considered too low to support a profitable juvenile-release program. Information is needed on the movements of moilii (juvenile moi) in order to determine the return rates of released juveniles. A general economic evaluation of a "model" moi ranching program. indicates that a commercially viable moi enhancement program is possible if the rearing costs were brought down to 5¢ or less per juvenile, and if one million or more moilii could be released annually. This study recommends that, as a prerequisite for the eventual establishment of a moi ranching program in Hawaii, the present hatchery technology for moi should be perfected to achieve larval survival rates of at least 20% and that a tag-recapture study on moilii in the inshore waters be initiated to obtain reliable estimates of their return rates.
Exploration for Deep Benthic Fish and Crustacean Resources in Hawaii
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1972-07) Clarke, Thomas A.
This paper presents results of an exploratory survey of deep benthic fish and crustacean resources in Hawaii. The purposes were to determine if any unexploited species are present in commercial quantities, to test methods and gear for these and some presently exploited species, and to provide general information on the depth distribution and biology of deep benthic fishes and crustacea. The survey was conducted using traps and gill nets set on the bottom. The equipment required, a fathometer with the proper depth range and a heavy-duty line-hauler for retrieving gear, could be mounted on most local fishing vessels. Also, it was felt that sampling with set devices would be a useful complement to recent trawling surveys conducted by the Honolulu Laboratory of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Three types of fishing were considered: trap fishing for unexploited shrimps below 80 fathoms (ca. 150 m), trap fishing for presently exploited crabs and lobster between 30 and 100 fathoms (ca. 50 and 185m), and gill netting for fishes presently exploited by hook-and-line between 60 and 200 fathoms (ca. 110 and 365 m). After a general description of gear and procedures, each of these areas will be considered separately.
Some chlorinated pesticide residues in the water, sediment and selected biota in the Ala Wai Canal, a tropical estuary on Oahu, Hawaii
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1971-09) Shultz, Cynthia Dawn
Some aspects of raft culture of oysters in Hawaii
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1970-12) Brick, Robert W.
An annotated checklist of Hawaiian barnacles (class Crustacea; subclass Cirripedia) with notes on their nomenclature, habitats and Hawaiian localities
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1970-08) Gordon, Joleen Aldous
Bibliography of the Hawaiian Monk Seal, Monachus Schauinslandi Matschie 1905
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1978-03) Balazs, George H.; Whittow, G Causey
There is considerable interest in the Hawaiian monk seal at present due to its restricted range and recent designation as an "endangered species" under provisions of the U. S. Endangered Species Act of 1973. The following comprehensive list of references has therefore been assembled for the benefit of anyone seeking information on this rare, endemic marine mammal. All material known to us as of February 10, 1978, which deals either exclusively or in part with Monachus schauinslandi, has been included. A special feature of the bibliography is the incorporation of references to articles from the Honolulu newspapers and to unpublished reports, which we were in a strategic position to locate.
Ecological Studies of the Biota of the Ala Wai Canal
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1975-03) Miller, Jaquelin N.
The Ala Wai Canal is a long, narrow, man-made estuary located in the Waikiki district of Honolulu, Hawaii. Because of its proximity to a densely populated urban resort area, it is of considerable interest as a recreational facility. The present study of the Ala Wai Canal presents a detailed description of the physical-chemical parameters of temperature, oxygen, and salinity with regard to their horizontal, vertical, and seasonal distribution in the waters of the Canal. These parameters are in turn used to evaluate the distribution and species composition of the various marine organisms of recreational value and their associated food species. The results of this study provide the baseline data for management recommendations to increase the recreational value of the Canal to the people of Hawaii.
Aquatic Ecosystems of Kealia Floodplain and Maalaea Bay, Maui: Evaluation for Perpetuation and Public Use
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1971-11) Maciolek, J.
Maui Island comprises 11% of the area of the State of Hawaii but contains only 5% of the State's population according to the 1970 census. Topographic and climatic diversity give Maui natural beauty and tourist appeal. Economic growth based on tourism has accelerated in the past few years to the point where many prime areas are developed and others are under acquisition or planning. One such area is the Kealia Floodplain (Fig. 1) on the shores of Maalaea Bay, the leeward side of the isthmus separating mountainous rises of East and West Maui. It is an open space, central to 3 principal residential areas: Kihei-Makena, Kahului-Wailuku , and Lahaina-Kaanapali. The impending considerations for development on this floodplain were suggested in a recent administrative plan (County of Maui, 1970) that includes Kealia: " ... The Kihei area which abounds in natural amenities; the mild climate, attractive sand beaches, unspoiled natural vistas, a warm and gracious way of life •••• these fragile assets could be destroyed by the on-rush of insensitive and unrestricted development that is sure to come. It would be tragic if this happens •••• " Shortly after that plan was published, use interests converged on Kealia. In spring 1970, the active water-related interests included: harbor development (U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers), commercial aquaculture (Fishfarms Hawaii), shrimp-laboratory (Maui Office of Economic Opportunity) and water bird refuge (U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife). Obvious conflicts among these interests, and the irreversible modification suggested by harbor dredging, led to the initiation (April 1970) of a personal study of the aquatic ecosystems which is the basis for this report. Preliminary study showed that the Kealia-Maalaea area had considerable natural value and public usel potential. This immediately contrasted with active development interests, all but one being special use. Portions of an ecosystem (Kealia Floodplain) were being contested without planners, developers, or permit-granting bodies having significant information of the area's ecology or how proposed development would influence its ecosystems. The Kealia-Maalaea area contains two interrelated primary aquatic ecosystems, Kealia Pond and the adjacent inshore waters of Maalaea Bay. A third system, hinterland drainages, also must be considered because its runoff waters strongly influence the two primary systems. This report attempts a comprehensive description to indicate possible developmental disturbances and to suggest ways to protect and utilize the ecosystems for greatest public benefit while maintaining high natural quality.
Descriptive Study of the Physical Oceanography of the Ala Wai Canal
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1971-05) Gonzalez, Frank I.
From March through December 1969 a study of the circulation and temperature-salinity structure of the Ala Wai Canal was made. This man-made channel has an average depth of about 2 meters, and is about 70 meters wide and 3 kilometers long. It was constructed in two straight sections joined by a 45° elbow, and the landward section receives runoff from two major streams at about its midpoint. A circulation pattern typical of partially mixed, moderately stratified estuaries was found, and estimates were made of residence times. Heavy silting has altered the original bathymetry of the Canal into a channel, sill, and basin region. Deep water in the basin is virtually anoxic. Longitudinal sections of dissolved oxygen, phosphates, nitrates, and suspended load were obtained and an analysis was run on surface samples for fecal bacteria.
The Effects of Urban Pollution Upon a Coral Reef System: a Preliminary Report
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1970-12) Banner, Albert H.; Bailey, Julie H.
We, the authors, are presenting this preliminary paper on the changes in the benthic biota in Kaneohe Bay because of the urgency of community planning. Our subjective and roughly quantified survey of the reefs, together with a review of previous biological studies of the Bay, have shown that profound changes have occurred in the bottom flora and fauna. We present evidence to show that these changes are probably resultant from population growth and its concomitant land development in the Kaneohe Bay watershed: the eutrophication of the Bay from sewage discharge and the combined siltation and lowered salinity in times of storm. At this moment of writing, the city, county and state officials, as well as citizen's community groups are concerning themselves about the relocation of sewer out falls and more stringent control of land development. We wish this summation of present conditions in Kaneohe Bay to be available to them. Plainly this is a preliminary study. We plan to seek answers to many of the scientific questions that this paper raises during the coming year in a more exhaustive study under special research funds granted by the Honorable John A. Burns, Governor, State of Hawaii.
The Biology of Molluscs: a Collection of Abstracts From the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Training Program, June-September 1968
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1970-06) Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
The following abstracts report the work undertaken by the participants and staff in a graduate research training program, the Biology of Mollusks, conducted at the Coconut Island Laboratory, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, from June 18 to September 8, 1968. Supported by a National Science Foundation Grant, the program was under the direction of Dr. Philip Helfrich, Associate Director of the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Four staff members, Dr. Vera Fretter, The University, Reading, England; Dr. E. Alison Kay, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Dr. Alan J. Kohn, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and Dr. Martin J. Wells, Cambridge University, Cambridge, England; 20 graduate students representing 13 institutions in the United States and Canada; and a post-doctoral associate contributed to the program.
The Circulation in Keehi Lagoon, Oahu, Hawaii, During July and August, 1968
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1970-03) Bathen, Karl H.
The data from seven oceanographic field surveys taken during July and August, 1968 in Keehi Lagoon, Oahu, Hawaii, and the results of an analysis of these data are presented in this report. The primary objectives of the work were to determine the volume transports to and from the lagoon and to find the circulation both in the lagoon and in the area adjacent to the entrance. The surface circulation was found to be strongly dependent upon the prevailing winds. A westward flow of surface water was observed in most areas of the lagoon except during periods of weak winds. The subsurface flow (below 2.5 meters) was strongly dependent upon the bathymetry. This flow was either to or from the lagoon depending on whether a flooding or ebbing tide was in progress. However, on the eastern side of the lagoon, the incoming transport was greater than the outgoing transport, particularly in a dredged ship channel that crosses the lagoon entrance reef. In contrast, the outgoing transport was greater than the incoming transport on the western side of the lagoon. These conditions result in a limited amount of daily flushing of the lagoon from the east to west. The tide records showed a large number of high amplitude free oscillations of the lagoon surface. The contribution to the circulation from these free oscillations was examined and found to be nominal throughout most of the lagoon, but significant at a few locations in the lagoon. The stratification in the lagoon was also examined and found to be of importance only in the dredged seaplane channels bordering the lagoon and in the area outside and west of the lagoon entrance. Two contributing factors causing the existing stratification are stream runoff from the Moanalua and Kalihi Streams, and warming of the surface water due to surface heat exchange. Most of the warming of the surface water takes place over the large centrally located mud flats in the lagoon. This warm water subsequently flows into the seaplane channels during ebbing tides and later moves westward around Ahua Point.
Marine Benthic Algae from Addu Atoll, Maldive Islands
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1966-03) Tsuda, Roy T.; Newhouse, Jan
The following is an annotated list of the marine benthic algae that were sent to the senior author by Dr. David C. Sigee. One terrestrial and one freshwater alga are also included in this paper. All collections were made in the proximity of three islands--Gan, Hitaddu and Fedu on Addu Atoll, July to September, 1964.
Marine Benthic Algae from the Leeward Hawaiian Group
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1966-03) Tsuda, Roy T.
The following is an account of all the marine benthic algae accumulated by the author from various collectors from six of the nine islands in the Leeward Hawaiian Group (Nihoa, Necker, French Frigate Shoals, Lisianski, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Kure). The islands comprising this group consist of remnants of nine former high islands which at present make up low volcanic islands, reefs, and atolls. They extend approximately 1300 miles Northwest from Kauai and are located between 23º 05' N. and 28º 25' N. latitude and 161º 58' W. and 178º 25' W. longitude. Also included in this paper are the corrected specific epithets of three species of Liagora and one species of Halimeda which were reported inaccurately from Laysan Island (Tsuda, 1965) and Midway Island (Buggeln, 1965).
Marine Algae from Laysan Island with Addtional Notes on the Vascular Flora
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1965-07) Tsuda, Roy T.
Floristic report on the marine benthic algae of selected islands in the Gilbert group
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1964-09) Tsuda, Roy T.
Algal Productivity of the Tropical Pacific as Determined by Isotope Tracer Techniques
(Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (formerly Hawai'i Marine Laboratory), 1964-04) Doty, Maxwell S.
The original proposal by the University of Hawaii in March of 1953 was to undertake a program to develop and evaluate methods utilizing radioisotopes in the field for the determination of marine primary productivity. It was visualized that carbon-14 would be employed in the development and evaluation of the principal techniques and that these techniques would be extended to a) the determination of the variations and rates of organic productivity in the tropical Central Pacific, b) to a study of the effect of "island land masses" on marine productivity, c) to compare tropical and temperate oceanic productivity utilizing not only results obtained on this contract but the results obtained by others as well, and d) to make a comparison of the methods developed on this contract with the techniques others have developed for the same purposes. It was envisaged that significant information would be obtained concerning the mechanics as well as the ecology of marine algal productivity.

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