M.Ed. - Educational Psychology
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Item A Case Study of Instructional Conversations for Equitable Participation in an Elementary Classroom(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2021) Cappuccin0, MeganAnn; Yamauchi, Lois A.; Educational PsychologyThis study analyzed how the use of the Instructional Conversation for Equitable Participation (ICEP) rubric affected teaching practices in a combined kindergarten and first grade virtual classroom and made considerations for ways to improve the rubric for continued use. The rubric was designed to assist teachers and students in participating in collaborative, small group discussions that emphasized students’ identities and experiences and promoted all students’ participation. Though the rubric was under development, it influenced the teacher’s instructional practices and noticings. In particular, using the rubric revealed ways that the teacher could be more culturally responsive to the everyday experiences of her students. Analysis of the video recordings, reflection notes, and transcripts indicated that having a framework to guide reflection and determine next steps in facilitating an ICEP was beneficial. The results brought attention to the importance of discussions with small groups on equitable participation and student voice. Evidence showed that components of the ICEP rubric could also be used to enhance interactions with the whole class. The findings from this study also suggested considerations for the rubric’s content and structure and the influence participating in a professional learning community had on the teacher.Item Acculturation and inter-ethnic attitudes(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1976) Okumura, Yoko; Educational Psychology (Counseling and Guidance)The Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA) provided funds for cultural education programs in Hawaii's public schools, with the goal of improving intercultural and interpersonal relations. The ESAA program established cultural studies classes in elementary, interItem Attitudinal differences among ethnic groups in Hawaii(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1976) Knezek, Gerald August; Educational PsychologyThis study investigates attitudinal differences in ethnic groups under the assumption that such differences are primarily the result of learning. First, through the design and administration of the Student Preference Questionnaire, attitudinal differencesItem A Multiple Case Study on the Identities of Immigrant College Students in a Filipino Language Club(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2019) Benitez, Sigrid S.; Ratliffe, Katherine T.; Educational PsychologyImmigrants make up just less than one-fifth of the State of Hawai‘i’s overall population, with the largest portion of that faction migrating from the Philippines. Filipino immigrants have to incorporate the influence of their new host culture and environment into their identities. This multiple case study of immigrant college students in a Filipino language and culture club explored how eight students developed their multiple identities, with a highlight on their ethnic identity. Nadal’s (2004) Pilipino American Identity Development Model and Bosma and Kunnen’s (2001) Model of Development of Commitment to Identity guided the study. Data were collected through two focus groups and three individual interviews. Responses suggested that the multiple environmental contexts immigrant adolescents interacted with affected how they developed their identities. Analysis led to the main themes: cultural influences, peer relationships, academic experiences and complexity of identities. Results indicated that a persons’ identity adjusts when faced with an unfamiliar context, either by developing a restructured identity or by generating higher commitment for the existing identity. Implications support Bosma and Kunnen’s model of identity development, with a recommendation of creating sharing spaces as motivation for discussing cultural knowledge.Item Chuukese and Marshallese Parent Perspectives of Early Childhood Development(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2018-05) Timmerman, Victoria C.; Educational PsychologyRecently there has been a significant increase in the number of COFA citizens emigrating to the US. Reasons for emigration include seeking employment and education opportunities, and improved healthcare. To advocate for early childhood health and well-being while optimizing cultural sensitivity, it is important to understand parenting perspectives of COFA citizens. Twenty adults (13 women, 7 men) from Chuuk and the Marshall Islands participated in five focus groups to discuss how parents care for and raise children between birth and five years old. Strategies emphasized by participants were maintaining nutrition, using local medicines, and observing children’s growth. Implications include how healthcare providers who work with Chuukese and Marshallese parents can link conversations about development with nutrition, and that these findings can help inform healthcare providers about local medicine practices. Additionally, educators can use these findings to further their understanding of the cultures and family backgrounds of Chuukese and Marshallese students.Item Elements that Contribute to a Conducive Environment for Coming Out as LGBTQ+ and the Relationships Among Them(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2018-05) Lewis, Torie E.; Educational PsychologyAs identifying as LGBTQ+ becomes less stigmatized, there is an increased need for support to these individuals as they are developing their identity. To support these individuals at home and in the community, it is important to understand what types of supports are most beneficial. Thirty-five adults participated in a 35-item survey that asked them to report their perceptions about the time they were growing up, specifically about the level of parental support they received, and their parental figures’ values and beliefs and political views. The survey also asked about the geographic location in which they grew up. The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship among these variables and how they explain the variance in the age that members of the LGBTQ+ community decide to come out. The results suggested that individuals in the Southeastern region of the United States indicated their parental figures promoted particular values and beliefs less strongly than parental figures in the Northeastern and Western regions of the United States, and practiced religion more often. Parental support was found to be lowest in the Western region of the United States. The results of this study can be used by family therapists and counselors, schools, and communities to better support individuals belonging to the LGBTQ+ community.Item The Motivation and Decision-Making Process of Elementary Education Majors in Hawaii(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2018-05) Kim, Maika'i K.; Educational PsychologyChoice of a college major is an important decision that college students make because it guides their personal, academic, and career goals. Although there is research on what motivates students to pursue a major in general, there is a lack of in-depth literature on motivation for specific majors. Because of the need for more teachers in Hawaiʻi, this study focused on what motivated students to major in elementary education. This qualitative study used a grounded theory approach to study the motivation and decision-making process of first year elementary education majors at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Twelve students were interviewed. A theoretical model was developed that describes how early student experiences, interactions with others, and engagement activities shaped students’ understandings of the teaching profession, and led to their decision to major in elementary education. Nine students initially majored in another subject, but switched to education for reasons such as having experiences in their original field that did not match with their interests or they struggled academically. Before committing to the major, students reflected on how well it fit them and the challenges they were willing to overcome, such as the desire to improve classroom management skills. Students reflected on how their experiences in the program had met their expectations and validated their choice of major.Item The Long-Term Influences of a High School Hawaiian Studies Program on Graduates(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2018-05) Goto, Kawehionalani K.; Educational PsychologyScholars have recognized the importance of culturally relevant education in cultivating student success and academic achievement. However, little is known about how Hawaiian culturally relevant education influences graduates’ academic, personal, and career goals throughout adulthood. This qualitative study examined graduates’ perspectives of a Hawaiian culturally relevant program at Waiʻanae High School. Individual interviews and surveys were conducted with six graduates in adulthood. A longitudinal perspective was examined using interviews from two previous studies of the same graduates. Two theoretical frameworks were used in the study: The Positive Youth Development model, that was found to be connected but not representative of the graduates’ experiences in adulthood, and the Bridging Multiple Worlds theory, that highlighted the multidimensional nature of academic pathways through adulthood and into career. The study examined graduates’ experiences using grounded theory methods. A key finding was that in adulthood, graduates reflected upon the value of their relationships in their educations and their influences across time.Item How a Preschoool Implements and Sustains CREDE Practices(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2017-08) Char, Stephanie M. S. L.; Educational PsychologyThis study focused on how educators at the University of Hawai`i at Mānoa Children’s Center implemented and sustained use of the Center for Research on Education, Diversity, and Excellence (CREDE) Standards for Effective Pedagogy. The model focuses on the social and cultural aspects of learning and originally was developed for older learners. Ten years prior to the current study, educators at the preschool were involved in adapting the Standards for early childhood education. Using qualitative interviews with teachers and observations of the classroom settings, I wanted to understand how the educators learn about, implement, and sustain their use of the Standards. I found that the student-centered aspect of the school, the curriculum they use, and the community surrounding it are important components to understanding the Children’s Center. I also found that the CREDE Standards provides the educators with labels for what they are doing, and although the newer staff may not be familiar with those specific labels, they still incorporate CREDE into their teaching because CREDE is so integrated into the Children’s Center. Support from others within the Children’s Center and formal professional developments are what allows the staff to sustain the use of the CREDE Standards in practice.Item Investigating Item Bias on the PISA 2009 Reading Assessment: A Case of Macau with Chinese and English Versions.(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2017-05) Lau, Sok-Han; Educational PsychologyIn recent years, there has been significant increase of regions and countries participating in international large-scale assessments, and this increase is largely due to the extensive information and analysis of the results that are available to the schools, parents, researchers, and educators. Nonetheless, it is questionable whether the results of these international large-scale assessments are reliable, valid, and comparable for different countries. Since most school authorities and educators are interested in using the results of these assessments to enhance the existing school curriculum, educational policy, and program development, the fairness of the assessments and equivalency need to be examined carefully. In this study, a selected sample of the Macau dataset obtained from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009 reading literacy assessment were analyzed to detect potentially biased items using the Mantel-Haenzsel (MH) and item response theory (IRT) methods. Findings indicated that both of the methods commonly identified 5 items that were not working equally across the groups. Limitations and implications were discussed.