Pacific Science Volume 23, Number 2, 1969
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Pacific Science is a quarterly publication devoted to the biological and physical sciences of the Pacific Region.
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ItemA Positive Chitosan Test for Spicules in the Anthozoan Order, Pennatulacea(University of Hawai'i Press, 1969-04)In the coelenterate seapen colony, Leioptilus guerneyi, two types of minute spicules have been found; these give the characteristic chitosan tests indicative of chitin. Chitin is essentially unknown in the Anthozoa. The definition of the order Pennatulacea requires the addition of chitinous spicules to the calcareous spicules already described for the group.
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ItemA New Species of Hermit Crab, Pylopagurus diegensis (Decapoda: Anomura), with a Key for the Genus in the Eastern Pacific(University of Hawai'i Press, 1969-04)During a study of the decapod Crustacea of the San Diego region, a new species of pagurid crab of the genus Pylopagurus was encountered. The following account is a description of this species, including a comparison with a closely related species of Pylopagurus in the eastern Pacific and a comparison with the recently created genus Benthopagurus Wass of the western Atlantic.
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ItemA Coral-Eating Barnacle(University of Hawai'i Press, 1969-04)Many rock barnacles form close associations with other organisms, yet none are known to have become wholly parasitic. In a study of balanids inhabiting corals, we encountered a species-Pyrgoma monticulariae Gray, 1831-that depends on the coral for both habitat and food. In achieving this relationship it has gained control over certain metabolic activities of the coral, including calcification, proliferation of coenenchyme, and nematocyst discharge. While balanids became associated with corals 25 million years ago, evidence suggests that this wholly parasitic relationship has developed within the last 10 million years.
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ItemA New Species of Saccocirrus (Archiannelida) from the West Coast of North America(University of Hawai'i Press, 1969-04)A new species of archiannelid, Saccocirrus eroticus, from shell gravel from Orcas Island, Washington, U.S.A., is described. The species is characterized by being 1 to 2.2 cm long when adult and comprising up to 125 body segments. It has unilateral gonads which begin in segment 13 and run to an achaetous region at the pygidial end; thus it has over 100 segments bearing reproductive organs. The achaetous region is composed of 4 to 11 segments. There are two tail lappets bearing 7 to 22 papillate ridges. The internal anatomy is described in detail and compared with other known species of Saccocirrus. Eggs released from females showed normal spiral cleavage and trocophores developed after 24 hours. The relationship of the saccocirrids to the protodrilid archiannelids and orbiniid polychaetes is discussed in relation to feeding and locomotory structure and function.
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ItemThe Osmotic and Chloride Regulative Capacities of Five Hawaiian Decapod Crustaceans(University of Hawai'i Press, 1969-04)The ionic and osmotic regulative capacities of crustacean species have been described by a number of investigators (see reviews by Krogh, 1939; Robertson, 1953, 1960; Ramsay, 1954; Beadle, 1957; Lockwood, 1962, 1964; Potts and Parry, 1964). The most obvious and general conclusion which can be drawn from these investigations is that the aquatic crustaceans display varying degrees of responses to osmotic stress conditions. The animals' capacities to cope with the osmotic changes in the environment range from non-regulation or osmoconforming (the internal osmotic concentration maintained isosmotic to the environmental concentration) to hypo- and hyperosmotic regulation. The majority of the crustaceans appear to have the ability to regulate to some degree, either osmotically or ionically, within this wide range of regulatory capacities.
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ItemThe Doridacea (Opisthobranchia; Mollusca) of the Hawaiian Islands(University of Hawai'i Press, 1969-04)The Doridacea form a conspicuous element of the shallow-water molluscan fauna along both tropic and temperate shores. The 50 species described here from the Hawaiian Islands comprise approximately 5 per cent of the marine molluscan fauna of the Islands and 25 per cent of the opisthobranch fauna.
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ItemThe Properties and Genesis of Four Middle Altitude Dystrandept Volcanic Ash Soils from Mauna Kea, Hawaii(University of Hawai'i Press, 1969-04)Hawaii is one of the volcanic areas of the world. Volcanic ash is widespread throughout the area, and many soils contain ash as part of their parent material. The soils derived from volcanic ash contain predominantly amorphous mineral colloids that have high chemical activity. The Hydrol Humic Latosols on which sugarcane is grown have received much study, but the volcanic ash soils in the higher elevations have not. This study provides information about these soils located at higher elevations.
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ItemThe Algal Genus Laurencia from the Hawaiian Islands, the Philippine Islands and Adjacent Areas(University of Hawai'i Press, 1969-04)
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ItemThe New Zealand Rain Forest: A Comparison with Tropical Rain Forest(University of Hawai'i Press, 1969-04)The structure of and growth forms and habits exhibited by the New Zealand rain forest are described and compared with those of lowland tropical rain forest. Theories relating to the frequent regeneration failure of the forest dominants are outlined. The floristic affinities of the forest type are discussed and it is suggested that two main elements can be recognized-lowland tropical and montane tropical. It is concluded that the New Zealand rain forest is comparable to lowland tropical rain forest in structure and in range of special growth forms and habits. It chiefly differs in its lower stature, fewer species, and smaller leaves. The floristic similarity between the present forest and forest floras of the Tertiary in New Zealand suggest that the former may be a floristically reduced derivative of the latter.
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Item23:2 Table of Contents - Pacific Science(University of Hawai'i Press, 1969-04)