Horizons, Volume 2

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/76603

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Front Cover
(2017-09-22)
Foreword: Blank Spaces
(2017-09-22) Beaule, Christine
Living in Kalihi: Remembering Stories of Struggle and Resistance
(2017-09-22) Corpuz, Kathleen
This paper exposes the various ways American settlers remove traces of Kanaka Maoli history while exemplifying colonial narratives of immigrants who struggle to survive in the present colonial space of Kalihi. I will describe the historical and political transformation of Kalihi through an analysis of devices that settlers use in the early twentieth century such as maps and newspaper advertisements to dispossess land from Kanaka Maoli. The evidence I have chosen illustrates how the transformation of land has shaped the experiences of residents of Kalihi. While settlers attempt to erase native history in the community, Kanaka Maoli continue to share their stories through their biographies and oral histories to oppose the dominant narrative of blankness forwarded by settler colonialism. Settler colonialism comes in different forms, and this paper reveals the importance to critique settler ideologies in order to return ancestral lands to Kanaka Maoli. Since many people are unaware of their participation and existence in colonialism, retrieving native histories will promote a better understanding of the current predicaments indigenous peoples face and will help create alliances among residents to make decisions that will respect the right of Kanaka Maoli to self-determination.
Aming Kahirapan at Kaunlaran (Our Struggles and Prosperity): Incorporating Methods of Historial Trauma to Pave a Pathway Towards Success
(2017-09-22) Cacal, Stephanie
It is often easy to blame oneself for how one feels and behaves, but rarely do people question why they are this way to begin with. Frequently, members of the Filipino Kalihi community have a subconscious negative perspective of themselves that hinder them from achieving their full potential. What many fail to realize is that traumatic events that occurred generations ago play a significant role in how the community and others view it today. This concept is called colonial mentality manifestation, and by recognizing it as one of the root causes of the community’s struggle and feelings of shame, the community can create steps towards using its methods to pave a pathway towards success. To do this, (re)sources of wealth within the community must be reclaimed. This essay challenges Filipinos in Kalihi to have conversations about their struggles, why they exist, and how the group, collaboratively, can move forward to change the narrative from stories of struggles to practices of prosperity. In a greater sense, other communities can challenge themselves to do the same in efforts to empower their community as well. In turn, after reading this piece, one can ask oneself, what struggles and wealth can be claimed and how will they help one to succeed?
Russian Orthographic Reform
(2017-09-22) Holland, Martha A.
To truly understand a society’s culture, study their language. The history of how the Russian language developed mirrors how Russian society evolved and changed. The written record of how the orthography changed and what influenced it sheds light on milestones within the language and, thus, its cultural as well. This paper takes a historical analysis of the Russian language from the early beginnings of the Glagolitic alphabet to modern Russian Cyrillic. This paper shows that Russian leadership in the past not only knew that language was key to a unified society, but manipulated it in such a way that would prevent any diversion from their attempts to control orthographic development and thus control an increasingly literate society. The paper will conclude with the most recent official changes to the modern Russian alphabet, but with a greater understanding and appreciation for how it was forged into Russian society.
The Challenges and Difficulty of Determining the Genetic Factors Associated with Autism
(2017-09-22) Brotto, Kelly
The body of this research essay stems from academic literature, as well as other organizations involved in the field of research for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Geneticists have found a correlation in the mutation or the deletion of genes in patients with ASD, predominantly on the X-chromosome. This has led researchers to delve deeper into trying to understand the roles of certain genes and how the alteration of these genes, both hereditarily and spontaneously, affect the ASD population. Thus far, research has signaled that ASD is not a one-gene-fits-all-cases type of disorder. Rather, some researchers are now trying to narrow their research to particular genes and a limited subgroup in lieu of analyzing the disorder as a whole. From the research that I have gathered, though there are many challenges that researchers face in trying to gain a fuller understanding of this field, many remain optimistic about the future.
John Oliver: Forging a New Type of Satire
(2017-09-22) Harrison, Kevin
Politics have always been targets for comedians and some comedians, like Stephen Colbert and John Oliver, are known to make their comedy “real” by interacting with politicians and driving people towards civic action. Scholars have only begun to study “satiractivism” and one key issue in its study has been defining it. In this paper, I show how one definitions of satiractivism has been insufficient in describing the work of one satiractivist, John Oliver, on his show Last Week Tonight. To form the theoretical framework of my research, I employ the criticism of James Caron, George Test, and Marcus Paroske and their definitions of satiractivism, satire, and a satirical technique called participatory satire, respectively. Using three episodes of Last Week Tonight, I conclude that even though Oliver’s work sometimes falls into contemporary definitions of satiractivism, ultimately he has forged a new type of satiractivism that relies on indirect participation with his audience and politicians and on participating and engaging with civic issues directly. My conclusions demonstrate that definitions of and relating to satiractivism should be expanded or new ones coined if we are going to continue to seriously study how these comedians are trying to do more than make people laugh.
Submission to the Graces: Neoclassicism, Gender, and the Fashion Press in Revolutionary France
(2017-09-22) Kam, Miranda
During the French Revolution, dress became an indicator of a person’s loyalty to the Revolution. Due to the increased controversy surrounding the political implications of dress, the National Convention declared freedom of dress for all citizens and citizenesses in 1793. Some historians have contended that Revolutionary legislators granted women freedom in fashion largely as a substitute for genuine political power in the emerging public sphere. This paper argues that although revolutionary processes may have granted women freedom of fashion, the male-dominated fashion press attempted to undermine women’s authority and assert men’s control in an area in which it claimed women possessed legitimate power. Through the close analysis of fashion periodicals published during the Directory period (1795-99) of the French Revolution, this paper determines that while fashion periodicals claimed to venerate women and their talents in the realm of fashion, they employed concepts like the relationship between dress and behaviors to dictate women’s dress. By regulating women’s consumptive and sartorial habits, the fashion press helped to alleviate contemporaries’ concerns regarding women’s participation in the public sphere.
Hawaiian Plantation Haiku Series
(2017-09-22) Lau, Tyler A.
My name is Tyler Lau and I am a student at the University of Hawaii Post-Baccalaureate Certification in Secondary Education focusing in Japanese. Originally these haiku were for a reading response assignment for ITE 440: Curriculum Implications of Multicultural Education, a course taught by Dr. Patricia Espiritu Halagao. The assignment was to do a poem, drawing, or song response to a book by Milton Murayama and a chapter from a book by Ronald Takaki. Both authors describe the racially-based harsh treatment and working conditions of plantation workers in Hawaii. Takaki talked about the history of sugar cane plantations in Hawaii and the life and working conditions of plantation workers from different countries. Murayama’s work is fictional but accurately depicts plantation life from a Japanese plantation worker’s view, utilizing local pidgin to narrate the story. Because of that I decided to do the haiku poems in the standard 5-7-5-syllable format, while putting myself in the shoes of a Japanese plantation worker. I referred to Murayama’s book for the Japanese and pidgin language usage and Takaki’s book for historical background and details. Like my teacher and classmates, I hope you will enjoy these haiku and maybe learn, laugh, or even cry.
Elevating Lower Campus
(2017-09-22) Higashihara, Rydan; Hong, Shirley; Huang, Concong; Lomboy, Christopher; Nguyen, Khoa
The Lower Campus of University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa (UHM) carries enormous potential to become a vibrant college town. Currently, many of the school’s students, staff, and surrounding community have very little involvement with this part of the campus. The UHM athletic department was in search of proof of concepts to help revitalize the site and to alleviate their financial issues. We were able to produce masterplan that was developed after periodical site visits, meetings, and presentations with stakeholders. With the help of design and financial specialists, we were guided through steps such as conceptualizing and producing the overall vision of the new site. We concluded that the embedment of seven activities within a network of programs and amenities will bring students, the Mānoa community, and the rest of Oahu to Lower Campus. The overall design was presented by sharing our thought process to provide reasoning to our decisions. Computer-generated renderings of different areas were used to help visualize the intended experiences. A final pro-forma was given as well to prove the constructability and provide an overall financial statement. The overall concept can be considered as an example of a solution to other areas with similar existing conditions.
“Kai Hohonu”
(2017-09-22) Horner, Luke
The project objective is to capture, to preserve. The collection is entitled "Kai Hohonu" (ocean depth) and reflects a personal passion. Often, I am in the water at sunrise or sunset with aquatic-camera gear, waiting for the unique split second of time to capture the lighting, the movement, the colors, the depth, to preserve the majesty of Hawai'i. Hawaiian waters are always in motion and the light is ever changing. Some of the best shots are when you are literally in the wave and personally experience the colors, texture, and movement. No two moments are every the same. There is a continuous depth of beauty, mystery and power. As a local boy, surfing, paddling and sailing, I have a deep respect and appreciation for the waters of Hawai'i. It is a privilege to preserve and share these moments of natural beauty and to encourage us to malama ka`aina.
Design and Testing of an In-Water Nursery for Orphaned Corals on O’ahu’s South Shore
(2017-09-22) Banogon, Vanessa; Borsuk, Aleca; Clemente, Bryson; Guyett, Eric; Kamalu, Raquel; Lizama, Nathanial; Lui-Kwan, Joshua; Monico, Kristen; Todd, David; Yoshimoto, David
In-situ coral nurseries have been implemented around the world and play a critical role in resource management and conservation. However, with Hawaiʻi’s strong currents, a coral nursery presents a new challenge for such a dynamic ocean landscape. In this work, an in situ marine structure was designed and tested towards deployment off the southern coast of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi. This structure is designed specifically for the rehabilitation of orphaned corals of opportunity, i.e. non-fragmented coral colonies. It is safe, practical, and cost-efficient. In addition, it has been designed towards minimizing its potential environmental impact, meeting United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) regulations for permitting, and performing its desired functions under the unique conditions present in Hawaiian waters. Considering these design parameters, modeling software was used to draft a 3D design of the structure, which was then analyzed using finite element analysis software. This unique structure is suitable for mass husbandry and transplantation of coral colonies, using economies of scale to achieve impactful and systematic restoration. This type of in-water nursery will be the first of its kind in Hawaiʻi, and the world.
Shay’s Lantern
(2017-09-22) Loo, Tani
My short story explores the ways in which people deal with illness and the grief and suffering that inevitably follows. Stories are often told linearly according to Freitag’s triangle. The order of the narrative according to Freitag’s triangle is as follows: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Linear narratives, however, are limited to one point of view and time. I chose to employ the modular style, which is a nonlinear narrative technique that breaks from chronological order and set place. Through the modular style, I was able to put emphasis on the most essential memories of the protagonist. Not every moment of their time together is shown, but those moments that are shown help to build the characters’ relationship. The story begins at the annual Lantern Floating ceremony, but when combined, the scenes span a great deal of time. I was inspired to write this piece after educating myself about the serious effects of heart conditions. Diseases, both known and unknown, can take a tremendous toll on the affected people, families, and friends. I aim to start a conversation about health issues, as well as the unique practices of remembering loved ones who have passed away in Hawai‘i. Specifically, I cite the Lantern Floating ceremony held annually on Memorial Day. While Memorial Day honors people who have fallen in service of our country, many people in Hawai‘i acknowledge the passing of their loved ones as well. According to Lantern Floating Hawai‘i’s website, the first Lantern Floating Hawai‘i ceremony was in 1999, officiated by her Holiness Shinso Ito, Head Priest of Shinnyo-en. The event was originally held at Ke‘ehi Lagoon, but since 2002, it has been held at Ala Moana Beach Park. The event contains many elements, beginning with individual lanterns (with three sides available for writing) being distributed on the event day for people to personally place the lantern in the water. The ceremony commences once the pū, a Hawaiian conch shell, is sounded; taiko drums offer a prayer for peace and harmony; the oli, a Hawaiian chant, is performed to prepare people for what’s to come; and hula, a visual portrayal of song and chant, is danced. Next, the six large main lanterns are carried onto stage, which carry prayers for every living thing; community leaders come together to signify their unity through the light of harmony; Her Holiness Shinso Ito offers a blessing of all; food and water is offered; water petals are strewn; Shomyo, a fusion of tradition Buddhist and Western chant, is performed; and a bell is rung to signify that the lanterns are to be floated. People who have gathered on Ala Moana Beach Park with their individual lanterns are then allowed to place the lanterns in the water and encourage them to float away. After the ceremony, the lanterns are retrieved, cleaned, and restored for the next year. The ultimate goal of this piece is to capture the coming together of families in a community such as the one I grew up in and through events such as the Floating Lantern ceremony. At the ceremony, neighbors and complete strangers alike offer unending support to one another. Whether it is due to a heart condition, a tragic accident, or a slow passing away, grief can be lonely. But even when we experience loss, there is togetherness.
Shaping Views: A News Frame Analysis of South Korean Newspaper Articles on North Korean Defectors
(2017-09-22) Williams, Keoni M.
As the future of North Korea remains uncertain, South Korea’s constitutional recognition of North Korean defectors as South Korean nationals becomes increasingly relevant. Does South Korean newspaper coverage of North Korean defector-related issues include a positive tone, indicating an effort or intent to help, or a negative tone, indicating an intent to withhold help? How frequently is the conflict frame used in reporting of North Korean defector-related issues? In this study, 165 Korean-language newspaper articles were analyzed using a quantitative coding scheme. The material was published over a one-year period from 2016 to 2017 by three South Korean newspapers that represent conservative, economic, and progressive views. While a neutral tone was observed most frequently, a positive tone was observed significantly more than a negative tone. Out of five major news frames, the conflict frame was the most common frame, followed by the attribution of responsibility frame. Based on the theory that newspapers are a major shaper of public opinion, these findings provide valuable insight into the contrasting tones and frames that characterize the reporting of North Korean defectors in South Korea.
Essence of Dance and a Camera
(2017-09-22) Chun, Dayna
Defining art is very complex but there is a universal understanding that art embraces something intangible; an essence that mesmerizes people. Dance, in particular, has a strong essence of its own when performed live on stage. However, within the past century, technology advanced exponentially with the use of cameras, that dance may not require a live audience anymore. If a live performance was compared to its recording, would it be identical? Has this transition lost the artistic essence and experience of watching a live performance? Dance and a camera has infinite possibilities together but my research is condensed to focus on the purposes of: recording to preserve choreography, filming to study repertory or research styles, globalizing dance, and creating hybrids of the two art forms. Hybrids include video dance, choreography specifically envisioned with a camera, and projections integrated with live performances. Each topic is defined and suggested whether or not an essence of live art is lost through a camera.
The Influence of City Life on Piet Mondrian and Chris Burden
(2017-09-22) Katzeman, Aaron
This paper serves as a comparison between two specific works by the artists Piet Mondrian and Chris Burden. Although born in different centuries, both artists were especially influenced by the cities in which they lived and worked. While Mondrian lived in New York City for a few years in the early 1940s until his death, Burden had a lifelong career in the Los Angeles area. By looking at an influential example from each artist’s oeuvre, it can be better understood how the distinct characteristics of the two cities directly impacted each artist’s life and influenced their work. Although the art discussed is specifically related to both Mondrian’s and Burden’s location at the time in which it was created, each piece also fits within the arch of their careers. The juxtaposition between the two examples shows how artists are affected by the individual qualities of differing cities and how artists incorporate the resulting inspiration into their own respective practices.
L’arbre est le Tree (The Dance of Language): Perspectives, Raisons, et Rimes
(2017-09-22) Miller, Devon H.
This poem is a revelation about how learning a new language is not empirical memorization, but facilitating a shift in perspective and entering a new state of mind. This poem is about understanding what the symbols represent instead of just the direct translation. The prominently featured words were the first symbols I applied the method to. One difficulty of simultaneous writing is using words that retain my desired rhythm and sound, while rhyming in both languages. Despite my intentions for the poems to be structurally identical in each language, knowing that the rhythm would be significantly different between the two was a challenge I accepted and used. My technique is spontaneous. The verse and rhythm emerge more or less complete, with most work going into the final touches and organizing the line collections at the end of the writing session. The French translation possesses a melodic and questioning feel, while the English translation possesses more of a rolling audio. I captured my internal voice with the format. The structure of the poem reflects this rolling and organic process in a literal manifestation of my mind's process, creating a visual sense of intonation, momentum, and rhythm.
Among Other Things
(2017-09-22) Saldania, Tzana
Who are you? A question both mundane and encroaching all at once. We ask it to our children to help them decide what they will be when they grow up. We ask it to ourselves when we are alone at night in our beds. It is a question, I believe, that can never fully be answered. However, through literature, when an author imposes this question upon its characters thoughtfully, dynamically, and to the point of raw reality, we begin to understand not only who this character upon the page is, but who we all are. This piece was written for an Autobiographical Writing Class at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa under the instruction of Professor Frank Stewart. It was then edited by History Professor, Karen Jolly. This is the story of my childhood, my present, and my future. It was written with the intention to flow from pragmatic narration, searingly specific first-person, and back to ambivalent, provocating second-person. This progression allows for a literary representation of how one may feel in regard to their own identity, how I feel about who I am: aware of the present, but vacillating between who I was, who I think I am and who I want to be. It is our stories that make us. This piece is designed to highlight that even with the most guttural confrontation of our inner thoughts presently, the journey of who we are does not stop; it only stokes the fire. It is my hope that this story, my story, illuminates the ability for each of us dive into what makes us who we are and start a conversation about what that means for one another.
The Effects of Gratitude on Cortisol Reactivity
(2017-09-22) Leclerc, Martine F.
Cortisol, a hormone released by the adrenal glands during periods of psychological or physiological stress, has been linked to many of the harmful effects of stress. If cortisol levels are not managed, individuals may be at higher risk of developing certain mental disorders, heart disease, and more. Research examining the effects of gratitude shows promising results in reducing psychological stress, but it is not known if this translates into the physiological effect of reduced cortisol production. This study tests the effect of a gratitude intervention on stress and cortisol levels in college students. In this experiment, a set of 38 participants listed three things they were grateful daily for 28 days and wrote a weekly paragraph about what they were grateful for to test if the intervention could improve cortisol reactivity, perceived stress, satisfaction with life, and gratitude. Cortisol reactivity was measured by salivary cortisol samples taken before and after a stressful social computer game. The hypothesis was not supported. Limitations and future research are discussed as to how gratitude interventions may be effective in only certain conditions.
Successful Implementation of Transgenic Gene Chloro-9 into Mouse Embryos Allows for Mammalian Photosynthesis: Inauguration of Chloro-9 into Society may Solve World Hunger
(2017-09-22) Ault, Larissa; Dolim, Shelby; Rose, Travis
This article was created in response to an assigned group project for Honors Junior Seminar, led by Dr. Zoia Stoytcheva. The course sought to research and analyze genetically modified organisms considering their biological, environmental and societal impacts. Taking into account many global issues that today’s populations face, such as pollution from large-scale animal product cultivation and increasing hunger and malnutrition, Travis Rose, Shelby Dolim, and Larissa Ault, envisioned a solution that could potentially alleviate these global concerns. We created this article as a work of fiction to explore how we would attempt to carry out our vision to solve world hunger and pollution through genetic engineering. We did not actually conduct this study in a lab but rather mimicked how we would go about it through creative thinking, literature research and suggestions from our instructor, Dr. Stoytcheva. The paper follows the criteria of a true scientific paper and academic journal. Graphs were originally created by Travis Rose; mammalian cell photos were generously provided by Dr. Stoytcheva; and Larissa Ault supplied PCR gel electrophoresis photos from a Biology 275 Lab.

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