Ph.D. - Geosciences (Geology)

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    Some trace elements in Hawaiian lavas
    ( 1967) Hubbard, Norman Jay
    About 170 Hawaiian lavas have been newly analyzed for Rb, Sr, and Zr, about 150 for Ni, and about 100 for Co and V. Twenty Samoan samples also have been analyzed for Rb, Sr, Zr, and Ni. Eight HIG-USGS interlaboratory standards have been analyzed for the above elements, and new independent Rb and Sr analyses have been made for the international rock standards W-1 and G-1. The distribution of strontium in Hawaiian volcanoes is linked closely with that of phosphorus. Nickel and cobalt vary with magnesium, which is a function of the olivine content. The distribution of vanadium is more closely linked to that of titanium than to any other element. Zirconium varies with potassium in alkalic and post-erosional lavas but shows a weak covariance in Hawaiian tholeiites. Antarctic tholeiites, with higher potassium contents than Hawaiian tholeiites, show a K vs. Zr distribution that parallels that for Hawaiian alkalic lavas. All element pairs investigated show clear to suggested differences between individual Hawaiian volcanoes. These differences presently show no definite correlation with other features. The covariation of any element pair is almost always smooth and indifferent to the tholeiitic-alkalic distinction, indicating a common or closely interrelated origin for both suites. Lavas of the Honolulu and Koloa series, as well as similar lavas, are commonly distinct in their trace element distributions but also show features that link them with other lavas of the same volcano.