M.S. - Athletic Training

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/50824

Browse

Recent Submissions

Now showing 1 - 14 of 14
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
    Kinematic Analysis of Peak Velocities in the Breaststroke as a Function of the Timing of the Kick
    (University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2018-05) Ward, Susan M.; Athletic Training
    The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the timing of the Breaststroke kick on intra-cyclic velocity fluctuations. Researchers examined peak hip velocities of Breaststroke swimmers to determine any significant velocity dropoffs and magnitude of velocity regained between different kicking techniques. Subjects performed swimming trials with three different kick protocols: a conventional stroke, a late kick, and a delayed late kick. Video analysis was used to analyze peak and minimum hip velocities within one Breaststroke cycle for each trial. Data was analyzed using ANOVA repeated measures analysis. Major findings of this study were that due to smaller percentages of hip velocity drop-off, higher swimming velocities may be achieved when the kick is initiated during the insweep or early recovery arm phases and that video analysis and verbal cueing are viable tools to help swimmers improve their regular stroke technique.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
    A Comparison of Traditional Versus Weight-Bearing Hip Strength Assessment.
    (University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2017-05) Urbi, Anthony-Edward K.; Athletic Training
    A Comparison of Weight-Bearing and Traditional Hip Strength Assessments Urbi, AK, Freemyer, BG, Stickley, CD; Department of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Hawai’i, Mānoa, Honolulu, HI Context: Hip strength assessment in a weight-bearing (WB) position has been advocated to be an alternative and more meaningful method of muscles testing compared to traditional non-weight-bearing (NWB) assessments. Though shown to be reliable, no other studies have examined the differences between WB and NWB strength. Objective: To determine the hip strength differences between WB assessments and NWB assessments in healthy female athletes. Design: Prospective experimental study. Setting: University Laboratory. Patients: Female athletes (N=51, 16.2 ± 3.5 years, ranged 12-25 years old, 161.5 ± 8.32 cm, 58.3 ± 11.6 kg) that participated in soccer, basketball, and volleyball, were recruited from local universities and high schools. Interventions: Hip strength was quantified by a single examiner (AU) using two MicroFET2 handheld dynamometers (HHDs) to determine force (N). The WB assessments was conducted to test the hip abductor and external rotator strength in a standing double-leg squat and lunge position. Two HHDs was simultaneously utilized only in the squat bilaterally (SQ-B) and one HHD was used in the squat unilaterally (SQU) and lunge (LNG) assessments. The NWB assessments was conducted to individually test hip abduction (HAB), extension (HEXT), and external rotation (HER) strength. A break test was performed with the valgus force applied proximal to the knee for all strength assessments besides the HEXT assessment. The peak strength of three trials was normalized to body mass (N/kg). Main Outcome Measures: Data met t-test assumptions. Each WB assessment (SQB, SQ-U, LNG) were separately compared to each NWB assessment (HAB, HEXT, HAB) in order to evaluate the differences in a matched pairs t-test (t) with effect size (d) to determine the difference magnitude. A Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients (r) was calculated to determine the correlation between the WB and NWB assessments. Results: Significant differences was observed between the WB and NWB assessments, except for the right leg SQ-U and HER (t=1.83, p=0.07, d=0.24). Conversely, participants were significantly weaker in the LNG versus NWB assessments. Significant correlations between WB and NWB assessments ranged from low to moderate (r=0.28 to 0.58) when examining the right and left leg. Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrate that there is a difference between the WB and NWB hip strength assessments. The low to moderate correlations demonstrates different hip muscle patterns. We recommend the SQ-B assessment to evaluate the hip abductor and external rotator in WB position. This information is important to consider as it demonstrates that the gluteus maximus provides dynamic stability in the WB assessment and provide unique information from an injury prevention and treatment perspective. Word Count: 412
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
    Assessment of Concussion and Sub-Concussive Blows using Impact and Dual-Task Tests during a High School Football Season
    (University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2017-05) Fox, Samuel W.; Athletic Training
    Context: Laboratory-based Dual-Task (DT) tests have detected deficits from concussions past return to play using the current assessment battery. A clinically-viable DT test has yet to be investigated in the secondary school setting. Objective: (1) determine reliability and learning effects of DT testing in adolescents; and (2) examine effects of concussions on DT (ETGUG+APST). Design: Repeated measures. Setting: Local private secondary school. Participants: 118 athletes (12-17 years old) were used for between sport analysis, 18 multisport athletes were also identified, eight athletes were concussed. Interventions: Pre- and post-season and post-concussion DT and ImPACT tests were performed. The DT test consisted of the Expanded Timed-Get-Up-and-Go (ETGUG) and the Auditory Pure Switch Task (APST). Participants completed three trials of the ETGUG and APST separately before DT testing. Post-concussion DT data were collected with the ImPACT throughout the return to play protocol. Main Outcome Measures: ETGUG-time to completion; APST-percent accuracy and response rate; ImPACT-composite scores. Results: Overall, reliability trended upwards in all healthy athletes with fair to excellent reliability. Significant deficiencies were identified in concussed individuals in Single-Task A learning effect was identified through pre- and post-season assessment as well as multisport athletes 3 testing sessions. Response Rate (Baseline: .719±.076, Post-Concussion: .788±.094, p=.018) and DT Percent Accuracy (Baseline: .916±.051, Post-Concussion: .876±.067, p=.017). Conclusions: Results indicated that DT test identified deficits in athletes following concussion. Reliability increased in the older age groups. This clinically-viable DT test has the potential to be used for concussions assessment and management and is worthy of further investigation.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
    A Comparison Of Environmental Data Recorded By On-Site Heat Stress Monitors To Meteorological Station Data Provided By The National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration
    (University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2017-05) Sumida, Marissa; Athletic Training
    Proper evaluation of the thermal environment is necessary for determining appropriate parameters for safe athletic participation with reduced risk of heat stress. The presence of microclimates has been shown to affect the ability to generalize activity modification recommendations across locations near each other. This study evaluated the differences in heat index (HI) and wet bulb globe temperature index (WBGT) between on-site measurements at secondary schools in Hawai`i and data collected by the closest National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) meteorological station to each school. Flag categories based on NOAA HI and WBGT were underestimated more than 60% of days analyzed compared to on-site data. Majority of schools were recommended to use on-site data based on significant differences. The presence of microclimates in Hawai`i affect the ability to utilize NOAA data for determining activity modifications for reducing risk of heat stress, therefore on-site HI and WBGT are most appropriate and recommended.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
    Sagittal Plane Biomechanical Comparison Of Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients And Healthy Controls During Stair Descent
    (University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2017-05) Jentink, Brandon; Athletic Training
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
    Current Trends in Dual-Task Assessment for a Sports Related Concussion: A Systematic Review
    (University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2016-05) Roberts, Lauren
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
    The Effect of Army Reserve Officer Training Corps Physical Training on Aerobic Fitness, Muscular Endurance and Body Composition
    (University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2016-05) Genevro, Juliane
    Context: Soldiers actively participating in the Army must meet and maintain the Army’s body composition standards. Soldiers exceeding the weight standards require further assessment of body composition through gender specific body circumference measurements and must enroll in the Army body composition program if standards are not met. It is not clear the extent to which the Army’s current method for determining body composition compares with more widely accepted methods. Objective: To compare the Army’s current body circumference based method of assessing body composition to validated clinical assessments of body composition including skinfold thickness measurements and body circumferences and breadths. Design: Test-retest Setting: Human Performance Lab. Patients or Other Participants: 28 male (24.57±4.39 years) and 12 female (24.17±4.95 years) Army ROTC cadets from the University’s Warrior Battalion. Interventions: Body fat percentage (%BF) was calculated utilizing three separate techniques: 1) from body density as obtained using the Army’s current circumference measurement protocol (ARMY) for males (neck and umbilicus) and females (neck, waist and hip), 2) indirectly from lean body weight as determined via breadth, limb, and body circumference measurements (LBC) for males (waist circumference, knee circumference, and bi- iliac breadth) and females (umbilicus circumference), and 3) from body density calculated from skinfold thickness (SKF), measured with Lange calipers (Cambridge Scientific Industries, Inc., Cambridge, Maryland, USA) at three sites on the right side of the body, (triceps, supra-ilium, and thigh for females; chest, abdomen, and thigh for males). Percent body fat was calculated from body density using the Brozek 2-Compartment model equation. Main Outcome Measurements: A repeated measures ANOVA with an alpha level of p<0.05 was used to assess differences in %BF as calculated by LBC, SKF, and ARMY. Results: Body fat percentage in males as calculated via ARMY (16.79±4.00%) was significantly higher than LBC (11.86±3.19%, p<0.001) and SKF (12.25±3.14%, p<0.001). In females, ARMY (27.17±4.04%) was significantly lower than LBC (28.42±3.40%, p=0.001) and significantly higher than SKF (24.62±2.68%, p=0.026). Conclusions: Results from the current study indicate %BF determined using the Army’s current body circumference based measurements is inconsistent with more commonly accepted, validated methods such as skinfold thickness measurements. The overestimation of %BF for both genders brings into question the reliability of the Army’s current protocol. Future research should validate the existing Army protocol with a current “gold standard” of body composition such as the 4-Compartment model.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item ,
    Assessment of the Need for Certified Athletic Trainers and the Perception of Athletic Trainers' Roles Among School Administrators and Interscholastic Sports Coaches at the High School Level in Japan
    (University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2015-08) Sato, Kei
    Purpose: To assess the perceived need for certified Ats and the perception of Ats' roles among school administrators and coaches at the high school level in Japan. Methods: 1,776 public high schools and 866 private high schools were selected to answer a web-based survey distributed via e-mail. Results: 4 out of 99 schools has a certified AT, and 22 coaches had at least 1 certified AT for the team(s) they coached. 65.6% of school administrators and 71.8% of coaches who did not have a certified AT indicated the need for certified ATs. There was a significant positive correlation between the perceived importance of having certified ATs and the understanding of ATs roles in all 3 groups (all participants: r=0.459, p=0.01, only school administrators: r=0.483, p=0.01, and only coaches: r=0.457, p=0.01). Conclusion: Increasing awareness of ATs' qualifications and the benefits of having a certified AT is an important step to increase the need for certified ATs and improve the employment opportunity in the future.