Horizons, Volume 7
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ItemFront and Back Cover( 2022-12-17)
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ItemReligion’s Role in the Annexation of Hawai'i and Hawaiian Cultural Erasure: Native Hawaiian Religion and its Contrast with 1820s Protestantism( 2022-12-17)Protestant missionaries came to Hawai‘i in 1819, and with them they brought immense change to the islands, eventually playing a role in the annexation of the kingdom. This paper seeks to understand the true role of the Protestant missionaries in nineteenthcentury Hawai‘i, and how they were involved in the annexation and the subsequent Hawaiian cultural suppression. This cultural suppression is significant because when the United States took over the islands, an entire monarchy was overthrown. With the reignition of the Hawaiian culture revival, it is key to understand how it was dampened in the first place. The missionaries were eager to bring the people salvation in the eyes of the Protestant God, especially after disillusionment with their traditional religion. However, after economic hardship, they lost sight of that goal and, working with the merchant class, brought down the monarchy and suppressed the celebration of Hawaiian culture.
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ItemBetween East and West: An investigation of Greek ethnic identity formation, European geopolitics, and migration( 2022-12-17)In recent years, Greece has been shaped by the 2008 economic crisis and the Mediterranean refugee crisis. Compounded with Greece’s historical place as a crypto-colony of Europe, the Ottoman occupation (1453–1821) and neglect from the European Union (EU) in times of crises has put the nation in a precarious geopolitical situation. This may contribute to the negative stereotypes of ethnic Greeks and Greece itself evident in the EU media and public. My research investigates Greek ethnic formation in young adults who grew up experiencing or witnessing these crises. I conducted qualitative semi-s tructured interviews with young adults from Athens, Greece, between the ages of 18 and 30. A total of 11 interview participants were selected via a snowball sampling procedure, and grounded theory methodology was applied for data analysis using the qualitative data analysis software NVivo. Through interviews, I identified distinct relationships to terms such as ‘European’ and ‘white.’ Also explored were aspects of Greek identity, such as culture and language, and how it impacts their connection with Greek identity. A major finding of the interview data is the acute awareness of the negative stereotyping of ethnic Greeks. Participants most notably expressed that Northern Europeans view Greeks as ‘inferior,’ ‘lazy,’ and ‘exotic.’ Overall, this research adds to the existing literature regarding ethnic identity formation in Greece and Europe. It specifically aims to understand the impacts of Greece’s geopolitical crises on how young ethnic Greeks perceive themselves within the EU and identifies how geopolitical circumstances inform the persistence of negative stereotypes.
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ItemExperiential Learning of Geriatric Medical and Nursing Education and Training in Japan( 2022-12-17)Experiential learning is the process by which we acquire and embed new knowledge from experience and subsequent reflection as theorized by David Kolb in 1984. In utilizing this concept to accommodate a growing population of elderly in Japan, Japanese medical and nursing schools have begun offering outpatient education programs in the homes of the elderly and community clinics that contrast more conventional inpatient clinical settings, like hospitals. The purpose is to engage students with novel patients, conditions, and experiences, to better prepare them for an older patient demographic in various settings. In each of the programs discussed, students were interviewed by researchers in Japan and provided qualitative data reflecting on their experiences. In analysis of the experiential learning value of each of these programs, most students reported that such experiences provided them with new perspectives regarding patient autonomy, the lifestyle of the elderly, the role of familial and communal support, and so on. Providing significance to these new perspectives is the gradual transition to home care and integrated community-based care models for the elderly in both Japan and the United States to mitigate the effects of a rapidly aging population.
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ItemInvestigation of Cognitive Flexibility in Bilinguals Modulated by L2 Proficiency and Age of Acquisition( 2022-12-17)Bilingual advantage in cognition is a topic of debate in the field of psycholinguistics. Many studies report bilingual advantage in executive functions (EF) associated with goal-maintenance, distractor-inhibition, and task-switching. However, the field remains unclear with increased reports of contrasting results. Here, we take a multidimensional approach by accounting for second language (L2) proficiency and age of L2 acquisition. In the Stroop switching task, color words were presented in congruent (e.g., RED written in red ink) or incongruent conditions (e.g., RED written in green ink). Different cues required participants to either name the color or read the word. The two tasks were presented in randomized order, requiring participants to actively switch between the tasks. Main effect was reported for the congruency condition and trial transitions. While we initially hypothesized that bilinguals would outperform monolinguals on this task, no significant differences were found between the two language groups. L2 proficiency and age of L2 acquisition did not interact with the results. Limitations and future extensions will be discussed with the consideration of more homogenized bilingual and monolingual groups and controlling for other factors that may confound the bilingual experience. Despite the lack of significant findings, current findings contribute to the field’s current debate on the existence of bilingual advantage.
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ItemRelevant Ecological Theories on Urban Safety: A Literature Review For The Urban Planner( 2022-12-17)The fields of urban planning and urban sociology are closely intertwined. One creates the space the other studies how people interact in that space. I believe more explicit crosscommunication between these fields can help make sure our urban spaces are designed in ways that create safer, more fun, more sustainable, and healthier cities. Planners have the difficult task of having to be knowledgeable about a range of topics such as engineering, political science, sociology, sustainability, etc., because all of these disciplines play a role in urban planning. I believe that better urban planning can happen when these disciplines communicate relevant ideas in their field to the planners directly. In an attempt to set another example of this kind of communication, this paper is a literature review of four ecological theories on urban safety that are relevant to planners specifically. They reveal shared concepts that make communities safe: Natural surveillance, social cohesion, and taking care of the physical space around you.
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ItemSilent Threats( 2022-12-17)Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have become increasingly prevalent in our global market, specifically in the United States, since they were first introduced in the 1990s. While genetic modification (GM) technology has the potential to increase shelf life, add nutritional value, and improve yield, it may also have negative effects on our environment or health. The key arguments amongst GMO debates include environmental protection and sustainability, as well as legislation and consumer understanding. While the US is an avid supporter of genetic engineering and is home to more genetically modified crops than anywhere else in the world, the European Union (EU) falls on the other end of the spectrum. This educational essay examines the different ways these two regions have been impacted as a result of their varying agriculture systems.
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ItemResearch Reflections: Awakenings( 2022-12-17)During the Fall 2021 and Spring 2022 semesters, our team of six research associates gathered once to twice a week and meditated before starting our qualitative duties. Our study, titled Interviewing Zen Buddhists on the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale Validity (Sabellano-Tsutsui et al., 2022), benefited from our practicing conscious awareness of our thought patterns and breathing. Our participants, Zen Buddhists of over 10 years, completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale—a scale aimed to measure mindfulness—while voicing aloud their thoughts on each item. Since they spoke about their experiences and awakenings in Zen mindfulness, we found it helpful practicing mindful awareness ourselves under a trained associate Zen teacher who is also a member on this research team. This personal practice allowed us to better understand and represent the nuances of mindful awareness. Our team found that meditating together helped us to better focus, be more productive, connect with participant interviews, build teamwork, enjoy our work, and realize our true selves.
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ItemThe Boy Who Flew Too Close to the Sun( 2022-12-17)This creative writing piece is a nod to one of my favorite Greek myths—the tragedy of Icarus. This style of myth-based retelling was heavily influenced by one of my favorite authors—Madeline Miller, best known for her novel, The Song of Achilles. The combination of my past knowledge of Greek mythology and my imagination has allowed me to reanimate this myth in a prose-style work.