The Diffusion, Impacts, Adoption and Usage of ICTs upon Society
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ItemDigital Identity Platforms: A Data Justice Perspective( 2023-01-03)Digital identity platforms, designed to enable secure and unique authentication of users, are widely depicted as a means to strengthen public service systems. Yet, this vision is questioned by studies illuminating how digital authentication results in exclusions, data violations and other forms of harm generated on users. This paper contributes a vision of digital identity inspired by the concept of data justice, which views data in terms of the fairness with which users are seen, represented and treated. Drawing on a data justice framework, we study a dataset of web sources (2021-2022) in terms of the legal, informational and design-related forms of injustice stemming from digital identification. By doing so we contribute to the emerging literature on digital identity, offering a conceptual lens to understand and ultimately combat the injustice generated through it.
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ItemDigital Social Enterprise for Sustainable Development: Insights from the Case Study in Nepal( 2023-01-03)It is generally agreed that digital social enterprises (DSE) through the digitalization process can contribute to sustainable development. However, there are a few theoretical and empirical studies in this research stream. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a qualitative interpretive case study in Nepal. Applying the theory of affordances as an analytical tool, we identified five digital affordances: transactability, communicability, accessibility, manageability, and digitizability. By actualizing these affordances, DSEs can contribute to access to market and finance, social engagement, waste management, and digitized information. We also identified various challenges such as lack of awareness about digital affordances and capabilities to actualize those affordances, lack of digital culture, and poor mapping system that can inhibit the actualization of the affordances and showed the facilitating conditions that can address these challenges. Finally, we suggest future research avenues.
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ItemHuman-Computer Negotiations: A Systematic Evaluation of the Effects of Timespan, Tactic, and Search Mechanism( 2023-01-03)Artificial Intelligence and Computer Agents are having a substantial impact on our everyday lives. The current paper focuses on the prospects of humans negotiating with computer agents in e-commerce settings. We conducted experiments where the subjects negotiated the purchase of mobile plans with computer agents acting as sellers. Three time-based negotiation tactics and two search mechanisms were employed in synchronous vs. asynchronous sessions. The results suggest that computer agents’ negotiation tactics and search mechanisms have significant effects on both the subjective and objective outcomes of the negotiations, while timespan has marginal effects on the agreement rate of the negotiation.
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ItemSharenting, Parenting, and Identifying: Can Privacy Prevail?( 2023-01-03)Technology and privacy are intertwined and often in conflict with each other. Nowhere is this more evident than in sharenting, the transmission of private details about children (e.g., pictures) via digital channels (e.g., social media) by an adult in charge of their well-being (i.e., parent or guardian). Sharenting can offer comfort to a parent, a sense of belonging to a community, and can give children a sense of pride from likes from family and friends. However, there are privacy and developmental risks for children from sharenting. We explore the relative roles of parent identity verification and the calculus of behavior in affecting sharenting decisions. Using data collected from 309 parents, we find that only perceived risk of sharenting affects the frequency of deleting posts while benefits and parental identity lead to a positive affect towards sharenting. Positive affect, however, is not linked to changes in frequency of deleting posts.
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ItemCombating Loneliness with Artificial Intelligence: An AI-Based Emotional Support Model( 2023-01-03)Artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems, such as AI companions, have been increasingly used to meet the needs of individuals who experience loneliness. In this current study, we sought to identify the mechanism underlying human-AI interactions in the mental health context. We use a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) approach to analyze a sample of user-generated content consisting of rich data on AI companion app’s reviews over a two-year period. We extracted five positive topics (i.e., perceived humanness, perceived emotional support, perceived AI’s friendship, perceived (less) loneliness, and mental health benefits) and four negative topics (i.e., perceived lack of conscientiousness, perceived incredibility, perceived violation of privacy, and perceived creepiness of AI) from our analysis. Our AI-based emotional support model suggests that these positive and negative characteristics are interrelated. Our study provides an understanding of the relationship between AI companions and human users in light of research showing the effectiveness of an AI-based intervention for mental health care.
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ItemAn Innovation Resistance Perspective on Seller Resistance to Digital Device Recycling Platforms( 2023-01-03)Digital device recycling platforms (DDRP), popularized by the resale commerce (reCommerce) movement, allows users to sell, trade-in, and recycle used digital devices online. Although DDRPs offer new opportunities for commerce and sustainability, challenges exist to usher in their wide adoption. This study aims to develop a deeper understanding of the reasons underlying seller resistance to the DDRP that is grounded in the innovation resistance theory (IRT). The research model of this study is validated using data collected from 307 potential sellers of used digital devices.
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ItemReducing Food Waste Using Information Technology: A Case from Switzerland( 2023-01-03)About 2.8 million tons of food waste are generated in Switzerland every year. Negative environmental impacts of food waste are on average higher at the end of the food chain than at the beginning. So far there are no quantitative studies to evaluate the requirements for information technology (IT) to reduce food waste in Swiss households. To investigate this matter a representative survey was conducted in Switzerland. Based on its results, the authors conclude that IT is expected to be most effective in reducing food waste in Swiss households when focusing on the management of the entire food stock. Therefore, further research should dive into the management of the food stock items as well as exploring more radical concepts to reduce the food stock itself.
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ItemWhat Do Citizens Think of AI Adoption in Public Services? Exploratory Research on Citizen Attitudes through a Social Contract Lens( 2023-01-03)The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by the public sector has the potential to improve service delivery. However, the risks related to AI are significant and citizen concerns have halted several AI initiatives. In this paper we report findings from an empirical study on citizens´ attitudes towards AI use in public services in Norway. We found a generally positive attitude and identified three factors contributing to this: a) the high level of trust in government; b) the reassurance provided by having humans in the loop; c) the perceived transparency into processes, data used for AI models and models´ inner workings. We interpret these findings through the lens of social contract theory and show how the introduction of AI in public services is subject to the social contract power dynamics. Our study contributes to research by foregrounding the government-citizen relationship and has implications for public sector AI practice.
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