Volume 26 – March 1986 : Hawaiian Entomological Society
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Item Taxonomic Notes on the Genus Ganaspidium Weld (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Eucoilidae)(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1986-03) Beardsley, John W.The agromyzid parasitoid Eucoila humeri Crawford is here reassigned to the genus Ganaspidium Weld. The species is redescribed and compared with the type species of Ganaspidium, G. pusillae Weld.Item Development, Oviposition and Longevity of Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1986-03) Paulson, G.S.; Beardsley, J.W.Development of the woolly whitefly, Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) was observed on seedling lemon plants maintained at ambient temperature (ave. 22.5°C) and relative humidity. Total developmental lime from egg-to-adult averaged 27.4 ± 2.2 d. Peak adult emergence occurred between 0600 and 0900. Developmental rates and peak time of adult emergence were similar to those of other whiteflies recorded in literature. Oviposition began within 1 day after emergence and averaged 53.2 ± 9.3 eggs/female. Average adult longevity was 36.4 ± 13.6 d.Item Low pH as the Limiting Factor for Survival of the Mosquito Larvivorous Fish, Poecilia reticulatus, in Impounded Sugar Mill Wastewater(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1986-03) Toyama, Gary M.Acidity below pH 5.5 caused asphyxiation of P. reticulatus despite adequate dissolved oxygen and low levels of carbon dioxide in sugar mill wastewater. Clogging of gills with precipitated iron when acidity fell below pH 5.5 is suspected of causing asphyxiation. No fish survived below pH 4.8 even at high DO and low CO2 levels. Survival of60% occurred between pH 4.9-5.3, while all fish survived above pH 5.5 even at low DO (0.3 ppm) and high CO2 (250 ppm) levels. Primary cause of low pH and high CO; levels was biological decomposition of suspended microscopic particles of sugar cane stalks. Major source of this material is from sludge precipitated by lime during clarification of cane juice. Separation of this sludge may increase pH in impounded wastewater to tolerable levels for fish survival.Item Structure and Function of the Rectal Epithelium and Anal Glands During Mating Behavior in the Mediterranean Fruit Fly Male(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1986-03) Arita, Lorna H.; Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y.Previous authors have implicated a pair of anal glands as the primary source of the pheromone used in the mating behavior of the Mediterranean fruit fly male. The dissemination of the pheromone is enhanced by the rectal epithelium which is everted and expanded during mating behavior. Observations of the rectal epithelium and anal glands are presented.Item Effects of Certain Insecticides on Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and its Parasitoids on Chrysanthemums in Hawaii(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1986-03) Hara, Arnold H.Cyromazine and abamectin were the most efficacious insecticides against Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) on potted- and cut-chrysanthemums. Oxamyl, oxamyl plus methomyl (tank-mix),and permethrin plus microencapsulated methyl parathion (tank-mix) were also effective against L.trifolii No adverse effects of tested insecticides to the leafminer parasitoids, Diglyphus intermedius (Girault) and Ganaspidium hunteri (Crawford) were observed. Results emphasized that permethrin and microencapsulated methyl parathion were effective in a tank-mix, but not when used separately. The ineffectiveness of permethrin or microencapsulated methyl parathion alone may be indicative of L trifolii developing resistance to these insecticides.Item Two New Species of Hawaiian Pseudosinella (Collembola: Poduromorpha: Entomobryidae)(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1986-03) Christiansen, Kenneth; Luther, GregoryTwo new species of the genus Pseudosinella (P. lahainaensis and P. kalaluensis) are described. A table is given comparing the four Hawaiian species of the genus.Item Behavioral Characteristics of Hawaiian Drosophila(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1986-03) Spieth, Herman T.Hawaiian endemic Drosophila exhibit a suite of unique behaviors which differentiate them sharply from continental species. These behaviors appear to have evolved as responses to predation pressures. The native avian honeycreepers and the Elepaio appear to have been the prime predators but hunting spiders, Araneida, and predatory flies, Lispocephala spp., are active predators on the drosophilids and probably also have influenced the evolution of the flies.Item Introductions for Biological Control in Hawaii: 1983 and 1984(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1986-03) Lai, P.Y.; Funasaki, G.Y.Item Development of the Sterile-Insect Technique on the Island of Lanai, Hawaii, for Suppression of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1986-03) Harris, Ernest J.; Cunningham, Roy T.; Tanaka, Norimitsu; Ohinata, Kiichi; Schroeder, William J.Sterile Mediterranean fruit flies were released on the island of Lanai in a pilot development program to demonstrate the ability of the laboratory strain to suppress the wild population. Sterile flies were released as adults or pupae from the air or from sites on the ground. Utilization of different release methods provided flexibility in scheduling releases to overcome problems of wild fly distribution, terrain and weather. The sterile flies suppressed the wild population 99% below the pre-treatment level for 6 months, as evidenced by reductions of larval infestations in guava. The sterile-insect release method was effective in spite of entry of gravid females from the upwind island of Maui, and was shown to be well-suited for eradication of localized populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly in the Hawaiian Islands.Item Entomologists and Public Policy(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1986-03) Brennan, Barry M.