Recuerdos de España: Confronting Memory and History in Spain and the Monumental Decision to Exhume Francisco Franco
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2020
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University of Hawaii at Manoa
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The purpose of the research was to develop a better understanding of the ways in which a
nation’s collective memory and history is shaped by Civil Wars and the monuments built to
commemorate them. Civil war ravaged Spain from July 1936 until Spring 1939. It was a war of
ideologies – conservative, ultra-religious factions rebelled against a newly elected Republican
government determined to institute reforms and modernize the nation. The rebels, led by
Francisco Franco, were victorious. What ensued was a brutally repressive dictatorship that lasted
for nearly 40 years. At the end of the Franco regime, a pact of silence was agreed upon in the
spirit of moving forward as a democratic nation. That pact lasted another 40 years, until 2007
when a new law was passed – The Law of Historical Memory. The law aimed to ease the pain
families of victims of the war, who had refused to remain silent. At the top of the agenda was to
remove all public symbols of Franco and ban public commemorations. The exhumation was
proposed, and a fight dragged through the legal system and media for another decade. On
September 24, 2019, Spain’s Supreme Court approved the exhumation, and a month later it was
done. This paper addresses how the exhumation was affected by and affected the collective
memory in Spain, as well as the traditions and beliefs that fueled the debates for decades.
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39 pages
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