Gender Differences: Male Officers’ Perception Toward Women’s Occupational Barriers in Federal Law Enforcement

Abstract

Gender differences in public administration are gendered norms and practices that make clear distinctions between agentic (i.e., masculine) and communal (i.e., feminine) attributes in the workplace. Examples include both organizational and occupational elements such as employee representation, organizational culture, social rules and structure, gender bias and stereotypes, gender roles, and physical and mental differences. Occupational barriers are impediments that negatively impact women’s recruitment, retention, and promotion in the workplace.