Effect of a short message service intervention on excessive gestational weight gain in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial
Effect of a short message service intervention on excessive gestational weight gain in a low-income population: a randomized controlled trial
Date
2020
Authors
Holmes, H.
Palacios, C.
Wu, Y.
Banna, J.C.
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MDPI
Volume
12
Number/Issue
5
Starting Page
1428
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Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of
educational short message service (SMS), or text messages, on excessive
gestational weight gain (GWG) in a low-income, predominantly
overweight/obese population. Methods: Participants (n = 83)
were mostly overweight/obese women recruited at Special Supplemental
Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics on the
island of O’ahu, Hawai’i at 15–20 weeks gestational age. The
intervention group received SMS on nutrition and physical activity
during pregnancy designed to help them meet Institute of Medicine (IOM)
guidelines for GWG and American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists guidelines for exercise, respectively. The control group
received SMS about general health topics during pregnancy, excluding
nutrition and physical activity. Both groups received one text message
per week for eighteen weeks. GWG was defined as the difference between
the last self-reported weight taken before delivery and participants’
self-reported weight before pregnancy. Differences between study groups
were examined using t-tests and Chi-square tests. Linear regression
models were used to examine association of GWG with study group and
other factors. Results: GWG was similar (p = 0.58) in the
control group (14.1 ± 11.4 kg) and the intervention group (15.5 ± 11.6
kg). The percentage of participants exceeding IOM guidelines for GWG was
similar (p = 0.51) in the control group (50.0%, n = 17) and the intervention group (60.5%, n
= 23). Conclusions: GWG was not significantly different between
intervention and control groups. Trials that begin earlier in pregnancy
or before pregnancy with longer intervention durations and varying
message frequency as well as personalized or interactive messages may be
needed to produce significant improvements.
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