Kūlana Pāno'ono'o: Aloha 'Āina Discourse Within a Hawaiian Political Imaginary
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2017-12
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University of Hawaii at Manoa
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Aloha ʻāina is a piko or central point in the Hawaiian world view which creates a rippling effect of knowledge and awareness that permeates all areas of life. The definition of aloha ʻāina in the Hawaiian Dictionary is translated as “love of the land or of one’s country; patriotism,” and it further explains that the many sayings connected to ʻāina illustrate the depth and rootedness of this love of the land in the Hawaiian worldview. In this dissertation, I argue that ʻāina can be employed as a kūlana pānoʻonoʻo (remembering function) that provides a continuity of Hawaiian national identity and consciousness. Building upon previous employments of this term by engaging the various definitions of both kūlana and pānoʻonoʻo, I postulate that the concept ʻāina kūlana pānoʻonoʻo provides a vantage point from which to view ʻāina within the context of the virtual. The Deleuzian concepts of the virtual and the actual are seen as characterizations of the real, the virtual is the idea of the perpetual past that is never actualized and the actual is constituted as what is present and past. By contextualizing ʻāina kūlana pānoʻonoʻo within the virtual, as the past that is never present or actualized, I argue that ʻāina embodies continuity from which ʻāina actualizations and functions of ʻāina emerge. Through an analysis of ʻāina actualizations and the functions of ʻāina in Hawaiian literary forms such as place names, proverbial sayings, chant and songs as well as longer compositions in mele koʻihonua and moʻolelo, I articulate that ʻāina kūlana pānoʻonoʻo provides a genealogical framework of relationship to ʻāina as well as an interaction of memory and history that sheds light on the philosophy of aloha ʻāina. By placing ʻāina as the piko (center) from which these concepts radiate, I postulate ways that ʻāina is narrating the nation and providing continuity of Hawaiian national identity and consciousness.
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Aloha ʻĀina, Hiʻiaka, Travelogue, Political Imaginary]
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Hawaii
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