Epitonium millecostatum and Coralliophila clathrata: Two Prosobranch Gastropods Symbiotic with Indo-Pacific Palythoa (Coelenterata: Zoanthidae)

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dc.contributor.author Robertson, Robert
dc.date.accessioned 2008-05-23T23:49:13Z
dc.date.available 2008-05-23T23:49:13Z
dc.date.issued 1980-01
dc.description.abstract Two little known prosobraneh gastropods, the wentletrap Epitonium millecostatum (Pease 1860-1861) and the muricacean Coralliophila clathrata (A. Adams 1854), are both obligate symbionts of the colonial zoanthid sea anemone Palythoa. Data are given on the taxonomy of both gastropods, and on their symbioses in the Maldive Islands, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), and the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Neither species had been reported previously from any of these regions, and the known range of C. clathrata is also extended to Zanzibar and the Marquesas Islands. Coralliophila sugimotonis Kuroda 1930 is shown definitely to be a synonym of C. clathrata. Palythoa sloughs off nematocysts and zooxanthellae in its mucus, and both gastropods ingest this;·they do not ingest the Palythoa tissue or polyps, which contain sand grains. The feces of the Epitonium consist chiefly of discharged nematocysts; while those of the Coralliophila consist chiefly of remnants of zooxanthellae. Both species presumably digest the mucus. The Epitonium also digests the zooxanthellae, thereby being in part herbivorous, and the Coralliophila apparently also digests the nematocysts. Both species have small eggs and a planktotrophic larval stage lasting about a month or more. The larvae of the two species must have well-developed settlement responses to Palythoa, which is sparsely and patchily dispersed in shallow water. Frequencies of the adult gastropods with Palythoa are low.
dc.identifier.citation Robertson R. 1980. Epitonium millecostatum and Coralliophila clathrata: two prosobranch gastropods symbiotic with Indo-Pacific Palythoa (Coelenterata: Zoanthidae). Pac Sci 34(1): 1-17.
dc.identifier.issn 0030-8870
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1536
dc.language.iso en-US
dc.publisher University of Hawaii Press
dc.title Epitonium millecostatum and Coralliophila clathrata: Two Prosobranch Gastropods Symbiotic with Indo-Pacific Palythoa (Coelenterata: Zoanthidae)
dc.type Article
dc.type.dcmi Text
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Pacific Science Volume 34, Number 1, 1980