Paka(sarita)an: on Ilokano language, identity, and heritage education
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2012-05
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University of Hawaii at Manoa
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This study documented Ilokano as a heritage/community language in Hawaiʻi, focusing on Ilokano heritage learners at a public high school in urban Honolulu. The indigenous Ilokano word pakasaritaan (paka + sarita + an) contextualizes and frames this study to produce the body of knowledge on Ilokano heritage learners in Hawaiʻi. In putting together the sarita (stories) of the five Ilokano informants in this study, I engaged in saritaan (talk story) with the students to uncover their sarita in the context of their experiences at home, school, community, and with their peers to arrive at their pakasaritaan or their history. The intersection between sarita and pakasaritaan invokes/summons the other, hence, the story in history and history in the story. The findings revealed that the students' experiences were rich and multi-layered. The immigrant home was the core of the students' stories that planted the values of hard work and education. The results also showed (dis)connects between home and the school culture in the lives and education of these students. Offering Ilokano language to the heritage learner affirmed the cultural capital of the home, but more importantly, acknowledged the language and heritage rights of a marginalized group in spite of mainstream and hegemonic practices. This study extends the scholarship of heritage language learning from a uniquely Ilokano and youth perspective. It contributes to research methodologies by developing culturally appropriate protocols that respect and celebrate the stories of marginalized groups to work toward linguistic pluralism and social justice. The sarsarita (stories) combined lead us to larger conversations, pakasaritaan about diversity, language education, and minority rights. Finally, implications from this study and recommendations for pedagogy are discussed.
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Ilokano language, heritage language, Education, Social justice
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Theses for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (University of Hawaii at Manoa). Education.
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