EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF DIET QUALITY ON VISCERAL ADIPOSITY AND RISK OF MORTALITY FROM NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG ADULTS IN THE US
EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF DIET QUALITY ON VISCERAL ADIPOSITY AND RISK OF MORTALITY FROM NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG ADULTS IN THE US
| dc.contributor.advisor | Boushey, Carol J. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Panizza, Chloe | |
| dc.contributor.department | Nutrition | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-02-20T18:07:42Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2020-02-20T18:07:42Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
| dc.description.degree | Ph.D. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10125/66232 | |
| dc.subject | Nutrition | |
| dc.subject | Diet quality | |
| dc.subject | healthy eating index | |
| dc.subject | intermittent energy restriction | |
| dc.subject | mortality risk | |
| dc.subject | multiethnic | |
| dc.subject | visceral adipose | |
| dc.title | EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF DIET QUALITY ON VISCERAL ADIPOSITY AND RISK OF MORTALITY FROM NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG ADULTS IN THE US | |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dcterms.abstract | High visceral adipose tissue (VAT), more so than subcutaneous adipose tissue, is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and mortality. Following a higher quality diet is associated with lower VAT, and a reduced risk of death from all-causes, CVD, and cancer. This dissertation further explored the relationships between patterns of eating, VAT, and mortality through three distinct studies. Exploration of the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores among the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) examined the association between HEI-2015 scores and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. A pilot study was conducted to determine the effects of intermittent energy restriction combined with a Mediterranean diet (IER+MED) compared to an active comparator, a euenergetic Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, on VAT reduction among East Asian American adults. Assessing the association between Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores, VAT and overall adiposity among a multiethnic adult population constituted the third study. These studies were completed using observational and interventional designs. For the HEI-2015 study, the primary analysis was a survival analysis among MEC participants followed over a 17-22 y period. The IER+MED study was a randomized study where participants followed the prescribed diets over 12 weeks. The HEI-2010 study was cross-sectional and used DXA-based VAT. Among the MEC sample, comparing those with the highest quality diets to those with the lowest quality, the reduction in risk of mortality from all-cause, CVD, and cancer was 21%, 24%, and 20%, respectively, for men and 21%, 25%, and 16%, respectively, for women. Those following the IER+MED had significantly larger reductions in DXA-derived VAT and total fat mass (−22.6 ± 3.6 cm2 and −3.3 ± 0.4 kg, respectively) vs. DASH (−10.7 ± 3.5 cm2 and −1.6 ± 0.4 kg) (p = 0.02 and p = 0.005). For the HEI-2010 study, BMI, percent body fat, total body fat, trunk fat, insulin, and HOMA-IR were inversely related to HEI-2010 scores (all p values < 0.004). Findings from this dissertation support following a healthy dietary pattern is associated with lower VAT, and a reduced risk of mortality from all-causes, CVD, and cancer. In particular, IER+MED, may help to lower VAT and improve liver function. | |
| dcterms.extent | 125 pages | |
| dcterms.language | eng | |
| dcterms.publisher | University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa | |
| dcterms.rights | All UHM dissertations and theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission from the copyright owner. | |
| dcterms.type | Text | |
| local.identifier.alturi | http://dissertations.umi.com/hawii:10423 |
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