A Comparison of Strategies for Managing Energy Constraints of Energy Storage Providing Frequency Regulation

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dc.contributor.authorMoring, Hannah
dc.contributor.authorMathieu, Johanna
dc.date.accessioned2022-12-27T19:05:07Z
dc.date.available2022-12-27T19:05:07Z
dc.date.issued2023-01-03
dc.description.abstractCAISO and PJM operate the majority of grid-connected batteries in the U.S. The two markets manage the energy constraints of batteries providing frequency regulation differently. PJM, which has a fast (RegD) and a slow (RegA) regulation signal, uses RegA to conditionally maintain energy neutrality of the RegD signal over short durations. CAISO offsets net energy produced/consumed for frequency regulation with energy from the real-time energy market. This paper presents a comparison of these strategies with the goal of assessing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Specifically, we compare the approaches in terms of regulation signal-following performance and additional system control effort. Case study results suggest that both strategies can reliably keep a battery away from its state of charge limits but that PJM's strategy requires larger energy deviation from base operations.
dc.format.extent10
dc.identifier.doi10.24251/HICSS.2023.337
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-9981331-6-4
dc.identifier.other551a3a83-9222-4494-ab04-c645723b12f6
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/102968
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofProceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectPolicy, Markets, and Analytics
dc.subjectbattery energy storage
dc.subjectelectricity markets
dc.subjectenergy management
dc.subjectfrequency regulation
dc.titleA Comparison of Strategies for Managing Energy Constraints of Energy Storage Providing Frequency Regulation
dc.type.dcmitext
prism.startingpage2745

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