Measurement and Application of Household Activity Spaces: A Comparison of Representations
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2022
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The ability to measure and forecast the spatial dimensions of travel behavior has emerged as an important part of transportation planning analysis over the past few decades. The main goal of most transportation departments and public transit agencies is to provide equitable accessibility to activities of varying needs, such as employment, food consumption, and medical services. This involves identifying disadvantages in terms of the spatial reach of daily household activities, requiring policymakers to consider not only transportation attributes but also spatial behaviors in activity location. An activity space is a measure that represents the space frequently visited by a decision maker, either an individual or entire household, over time. This builds on the assumption that humans are territorial and repeatedly use a small subset of possible activity locations. This thesis investigates three possible measures for activity spaces found in literature, including the (a) confidence ellipse, (b) kernel density estimation, and (c) minimum spanning tree network. These measures are applied to a sample of one-day travel behavior from the 2012 Oʻahu Household Travel Survey. The relationship between the estimated measures and various household characteristics, such as sociodemographic information and travel transportation resources, are examined. In addition, this thesis highlights the strengths and weaknesses associated with each measure. In summary, the confidence ellipse, kernel density estimation, and minimum spanning tree network perform similarly in assessing household activity spaces, but with subtle differences. The results indicate that households located within North Shore, Wai‘anae, and Makakilo have the largest activity spaces across all measures, while households located within Downtown, Mo‘ili‘ili/Ala Moana, and Waikīkī have the smallest. Generally, household activity spaces increase in magnitude with greater distance from the Primary Urban Center. This suggests that households located throughout the island must travel longer durations and distances to access opportunities and resources. In addition, it was found that an increase in the number of persons and students per household, results in decreased activity spaces. Furthermore, households with a higher annual income tend to have more dispersed activity locations than those with a lower income.
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Civil engineering, Transportation, Activity Spaces, Spatial Behaviors, Transportation Planning Analysis
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179 pages
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