EXPLORING RISK PERCEPTION IN A NATIVE HAWAIIAN COMMUNITY ON OʻAHU

Abstract

Purpose. Disasters pose a significant risk to the residents of Oʻahu. One of the most effective ways to save lives and reduce loss is preparedness. A vital element in understanding preparedness measures is determining if people see themselves at risk. Many factors influence risk perception, including age, gender, culture, and ethnicity. Owing to this understanding, Native Hawaiians may have a unique perception of risk. Paton’s social cognitive model was used to frame risk perception's role in exploring how Native Hawaiians living in the community of Papakōlea on Oʻahu view their risk from natural disasters. Methods. A qualitative study using photovoice was conducted, wherein participants chose photos to communicate their concerns for disaster risks. A collaborative thematic analysis was performed, and illuminated themes were paired with the participants’ images. Results. Sixteen (n=16) members of the community participated, ten women and six men organized into three age cohorts, 18-37, 38-57, and 58+. After reviewing 115 photos, participants selected nine to represent their concerns and identified five themes: natural conditions and processes, access in and out of the community, physical safety, threats beyond their control or understanding, and responsibility for family. Discussion. Participants saw erosion, overgrown vegetation, and flooding as risk factors. The upkeep of homes, roads, and property were also seen as threats. Participants worried that access in and out of the community might put them in danger during a disaster. Threats beyond the immediate community caused significant anxiety. The most critical concern to participants was their family and other community members.