Abbott, Isabella A.

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/1112

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Dr. Isabella Abbott, Emerita
Department of Botany
1950 PhD. Botany
University of Stanford
More than 150 publications

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Studies in the Helminthocladiaceae (Rhodophyta): Helminthocladia
(University of Hawai'i Press, 1961-01) Doty, Maxwell S.; Abbott, Isabella A.
Studies in the Helminthocladiaceae, III Liagoropsis
(University of Hawai'i Press, 1964-10) Doty, Maxwell S.; Abbott, Isabella A.
In the first paper in this series of studies of the Helminthocladiaceae (Dory and Abbott, 1961 ), we have shown that, in two species of Helminthocladia from Hawaii, the female reproductive structures are generally similar to those described by other workers for other species in the genus, and that vegetative structures such as internal cortical rhizoids may be used to distinguish at least the Hawaiian species. In the second paper of this series (Abbott and Dory, 1960) a new genus, Trichogloeopsis, was described as containing three species, one new and two transfers from the genus Liagora. They share a major character in common, that of sterile rhizoidal extensions of the gonimoblast, but again the three species may be distinguished from each other by their vegetative structures.
On Some Ceramiaceae (Rhodophyta) from California
(University of Hawai'i Press, 1971-07) Abbott, Isabella A.
Morphological features in the red algal family Ceramiaceae are described for four taxa from California. One of them, Bornetia californica, is described as new to science and is distinguished from other known species by the method of branching in the tetrasporangial and spermatangial laterals. Ptilothamnion codicolum is a transfer from Pleonosporium and is placed in this genus because of the number of cells of the fertile axis and the development of the gonimoblast. Spermothamnion snyderae, widely distributed on the Pacific coast, is transferred to Tiffaniella because of the structure of the gonimoblast and the lack of an involucre. Two species of Callithamnion, C. rigidum Dawson and C. uncinatum Dawson, are placed in synonymy with Callithamnion rupicolum Anderson.
New Records and Notes on Hawaiian Marine Benthic Chlorophyta, including Pseudochlorodesmis abbreviata (Gilbert), n. comb. (Udoteaceae) and Cladophora luxurians (Gilbert), n. comb. (Cladophoraceae)
(University of Hawai'i Press, 2003-07) Abbott, Isabella A.; Huisman, John M.
Morphology, taxonomy, and nomenclature of three species of Hawaiian green algae (Chlorophyta) are examined. Udotea? abbreviata Gilbert is shown to be incorrectly placed in that genus and more appropriately allied to Pseudochlorodesmis. The complex nomenclatural relationships of Cladophora tildeniae Brand in Tilden, Cladophora tildeniae Brand, and Cladophora hawaiiana Tilden are described, with the latter deemed the appropriate name and Microdietyon japonicum var. laxum Gilbert regarded as a synonym. An examination of Cladophoropsis luxurians Gilbert has shown it to have delayed formation of transverse walls at the bases of lateral branches, a feature not consistent with inclusion in Cladophoropsis but rather with Cladophora. The new combinations Pseudochlorodesmis abbreviata (Gilbert) Abbott & Huisman and Cladophora luxurians (Gilbert) Abbott & Huisman are made, and nine species of marine benthic Chlorophyta are newly recorded for the Hawaiian Islands.
The Liagoraceae (Rhodophyta: Nemaliales) of the Hawaiian Islands. 1: First Record of the Genus Gloiotrichus for Hawai'i and the Pacific Ocean
(University of Hawai'i Press, 2003-07) Huisman, John M.; Abbott, Isabella A.
Gloiotrichus fractalis Huisman & Kraft is documented for the first time from the island of Hawai'i, Hawaiian Islands, which also represents the first record for the Pacific Ocean. The single specimen on which the record is based is 12 cm in height, extremely mucilaginous, with percurrent primary axes and irregularly arranged lateral branches. Carpogonial branches are borne on the basal one to three cells of cortical fascicles; when mature they are five to eight cells long and straight. Before fertilization, cells of the carpogonial branch produce several lateral branches similar in morphology to cortical filaments. After presumed fertilization the zygote (= postfertilization carpogonium) divides transversely and gonimoblast initials are produced from both of the resultant cells. Mature carposporophytes are spherical, with terminal carposporangia and a fusion cell formed from the cells of the carpogonial branch and basal cells of lateral filaments. The Hawaiian specimen is identical in virtually all respects to those from the Indian Ocean type locality in the Houtman Abrolhos Islands of Western Australia.
On Two Species of Kallymenia (Rhodophyta: Gigartinales: Kallymeniaceae) from the Hawaiian Islands, Central Pacific
(University of Hawai'i Press, 2002-04) Abbott, Isabella A.; McDermid, Karla J.
Two species of Kallymenia from the Hawaiian Islands, one rare, K. sessilis Okamura, and the other described here for the first time, K. thompsonii, n. sp., are examined, compared, and contrasted with other similar Kallymenia species. Both species are unusual because Kallymenia is generally regarded as a temperate taxon, and tropical or subtropical species are seldom encountered. The two species are alike in that they have a female reproductive apparatus that is monocarpogonial: wherein a single carpogonial filament is associated with a supporting cell also bearing an arrangement of subsidiary cells that is characteristic of some of the family Kallymeniaceae. In the genus Kallymenia, vegetative components shown in a cross section are a narrow outer cortex, often only three cells thick, followed inwardly by one to two layers of subcortical cells. In the two species studied here, there appears to be a constant shape and arrangement of subcortical cells in each species, whereas the number of medullary filaments and their arrangements appear to be less stable in their configuration than the subcortical cells. Branched refractive cells or stellate cells, which often occur in species of Kallymenia, were not seen in K thompsonii and only rarely in K sessilis. Kallymenia thompsonii commonly has perforations in the maturing blades, whereas K. sessilis does not.
Callidictyon abyssorum, gen. et sp. nov. (Rhodophyta), A New Deep-water Net-forming Alga from Hawai'i
(University of Hawaii Press, 1995-04) Norris, James N.; Abbott, Isabella A.; Agegian, Catherine R.
Callidictyon abyssorum, gen. et sp. nov., an unusual, net-forming red alga, is described from deep-water Pacific collections made from the research submersible Makati'i at 80-m depths on Penguin Bank, off the island of Moloka'i, Hawai'i. Though no reproductive structures were found, the new genus shares vegetative similarities with three tribes of the Ceramiaceae. The vegetative structure of C. abyssorum is similar to that of genera of the tribe Antithamnieae in having: (1) distinct basal cells on all primary lateral branches that are isodiametric and smaller than other cells of the primary laterals; (2) a central axis that is prostrate except for the portions near the apices of branches; and (3) axes that are completely without cortication. Some characters of C. abyssorum also suggest affinities to genera of the Callithamnieae, including: (1) the oblique apical cell division resulting in a strictly alternate branching pattern; (2) the absence of gland cells; and, (3) the presence of short, branching rhizoids on the basal cells of the primary lateral branches and long slender rhizoids on the main axial cells. Finally, the regularly alternate branching pattern, blunt apices, formation of anastomoses, and different .types of rhizoidal filaments, all characteristics of C. abyssorum, are also features present in members of the Compsothamnieae. Based on vegetative features, Callidictyon is tentatively placed in the Ceramiaceae until reproductive structures are found.
New Species and Notes on Marine Algae from Hawai'i
(University of Hawaii Press, 1996-04) Abbott, Isabella A.
Five new species are described: one in the brown algal genus Padina and four in the red algal genera Hypoglossum, Spirocladia, Micropeuce, and Laurencia. Padina melemele Abbott & Magruder differs from known Padina species because of extremely strong calcification on the ventral surface and a bright yellow color on the dorsal surface. Hypoglossum wynnei Abbott differs from other species of Hypoglossum in Hawai'i in having divided, ribbonlike segments and small, discrete sporangial sori. Spirocladia hodgsoniae Abbott shows distinctive holdfasts where proliferation of cortical cells connects decumbentaxes and erect filaments. Micropeuce setosus Abbott is a minute species collected at 72 m depth, showing conspicuous bristlelike trichoblasts on each tetrasporangial segment. Laurencia mcdermidiae Abbott joins a number of species of Laurencia marked by their bright green color, ordinarily pink or red in other species. Dudresnaya littleri Abbott is proposed as a new name for D. lubrica Littler [non D. lubrica (Lyngbye) Trevisan], and taxonomic notes are given on Trichogloea species. Halymenia maculata J. Agardh, Predaea laciniosa Kraft, Cubiculosporum koronicarpis Kraft, and Kallymenia sessilis Okamura are given as new records.
New Taxa of Ceramieae (Rhodophyta) from Hawai'i
(University of Hawai'i Press, 1992-10) Norris, Richard E.; Abbott, Isabella A.
A new genus and five new species belonging in the Ceramieae have been found in recent analyses of the Hawaiian Ceramiaceae. Ardreanema, the new genus, is a microscopic plant having a simple moniliform structure with light cortication where cells meet (nodes) in the filament. Several gonimolobes composed of uniseriate rows of carposporangia are formed on female plants, and tetrasporangia, one per segment, are borne in a series near distal ends of branches. A single species, A. farifructa, n. sp., is assigned to the genus. The other new species are Ceramium dumosertum, Ceramium womersleyi, Ceramium hanaense, and Ceramium ptilocladioides.
Symposium on Marine Diversity and Biogeography in the Tropics. Pacific Science Congress, May-June 1991, Honolulu
(University of Hawai'i Press, 1992-10) Abbott, Isabella A.
Seven persons were asked to discuss the diversity and biogeography of various groups of marine organisms from as wide a geographic span as possible in the warm Pacific. The organisms covered were marine algae, marine mollusks, and fishes; unfortunately, J. E. N. Veron of Australia, who was expected to speak on corals, was unable to attend. We present here three abstracts and three full-length papers. No symposium on marine diversity has ever been presented to the Congress, although each member country in the Congress is impacted by one or more oceans or seas. Of the major groups of marine organisms, probably the least studied (and least understood) are the marine algae. The three papers are on algae and show different perspectives although the subject matter is systematics and ecology. In "Geographic patterns of diversity in benthic marine algae," Paul Silva defines diversity and shows that although land plant diversity is greater in the tropics, marine algae show more diversity in the warm-temperate boundaries. In "Marine phytogeography of the Juan Fernandez Archipelago: A new assessment," Bernabe Santelices shows that the relatively high diversity with 32% endemism found in the Juan Fernandez Islands is largely due to the physical barrier of the cold northward-flowing Peru or Humboldt Current. Celia Smith in "Diversity in intertidal habitats: An assessment of the marine algae of select high islands in the Hawaiian Archipelago" revealed many data that furnished the bases for far-reaching comparisons: age-related basalt substrates and limestone benches on an island about 35,000 yr old yielded a flora with greater diversity than similar transects on a younger basalt island, contributing to the conclusion that similar diversity patterns appear to depend on substrate similarity as well as current patterns around islands. The three abstracts cover algae from French Polynesia, fishes, and marine mollusks. The papers that stem from these abstracts have been or are being published elsewhere.
Early Collections of Hawaiian Marine Algae
(University of Hawaii Press, 1980-04) Abbott, Isabella A.
A group of specimens representing 40 taxa of Hawaiian marine algae has come to light and is among the earliest collections of Hawaiian algae. Though only 24 of the specimens can be tallied with a list of 112 marine plants published by J. E. Chamberlain in 1880 and 1881, they answer a great need for verification of published names. Sixteen of the previously named taxa are changed because of taxonomic opinion or nomenclature. Sixteen taxa are added from the collection that were not included in the Chamberlain list. The specimens are now housed in the B. P. Bishop Museum in Honolulu.
Gracilaria mixta, sp. nov. and Other Western Pacific Species of the Genus (Rhodophyta: Gracilariaceae)
(University of Hawai'i Press, 1991-01) Abbott, Isabella A.; Junfu, Zhang; Bangmei, Xia
Gracilaria mixta from South China is one of several terete species of Gracllaria that requires critical microscopic examination for identification. This new species demonstrates a mixture of spermatangial types that recently have been used to separate genera in the Gracilariaceae: the simple, pitlike Verrucosa type and the multicavitied Polycavernosa type arrangements. The first type is seen in the youngest branch portions, gradually changing to the second type in older parts. Both types of arrangements occasionally may be seen in the same cross section. Reexamination of male plants of the western Pacific taxa placed in Polycavernosa (= Hydropuntia) also shows both types of configurations in the same thalli. However, some species of Gracilaria with Verrucosa-type spermatangia maintain that type throughout the plants. These observations require a transfer of names from Hydropuntia (= Polycavernosa) to Gracilaria. From 16 taxa, 4 are retained in Gracilaria, 2 receive new names because of earlier homonyms, and 10 become new combinations within Gracilaria.
In the wake of ruling chiefs: Forest use on the island of Hawai'i during the time of Kamehameha I
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003-12) Pang, Benton K.; Abbott, Isabella A.; Botanical Sciences (Botany)
This research examines the lowland lama (Diospyros)/kauila (Colubrina) dry forest community subtype that exists from Ka'upulehu to Pu'uwa'awa'a. Known threats to this forest community include ranching, invasive grasses, and fire. However, impacts from Hawaiians living in the area from 1600-1800 have never been identified. This research also attempts to quantify the importance of the trees and shrubs of this dry forest ecosystem to Hawaiian cultural traditions, and to add a new description of Hawaiian ethnobotany. Trees used in the construction of houses and double hull canoes were compared to observations of houses and double hull canoes during the time of Kamehameha I from 1775-1796. The number of trees used during this period may indicate large-scale habitat modifications and extraction by Hawaiians in the North Kona region of Hawai`i Island. This region of North Kona was important to events that took place during the time of King Kamehameha (Pai`ea) from 1775-1796. The area was a location for coastal fishing, and farming of sweet potatoes. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted of the types of woods needed to construct chiefly kauhale (housing compounds) and double hull canoes that were integral to the success of Kamehameha's reign. The species and the sizes of branches and trunks were estimated to determine the amount of native hardwoods necessary to complete the known number of kauhale and war canoes that Kamehameha possessed. The population structure of the lama/kauila lowland dry forest was estimated from a fenced exclosure at Ka'upulehu that has been ungulate free for the past 39 years. The species in this exclosure were compared with botanical inventories of Pu'uwa'awa'a to the north and at the same elevational gradient. The extent of the Lowland Dry Forest in North Kona was estimated through this comparison with particular emphasis to the Lama (Diospyros)/Kauila (Colubrina) Dry Forest type.
Species of Dasyaceae (Rhodophyta) from Hawaii
(University of Hawaii Press, 1989-10) Schlech, Kristen E.; Abbott, Isabella A.
Eight species of Dasyaceae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) are reported from the Hawaiian Islands, extending the geographic range for six of the species into the central North Pacific. The species are Heterosiphonia crispella, Eupogodon anastomosans, Eupogodon iridescens, Eupogodon pilosus, Dasya baillouviana, Dasya collinsiana, Dasya corymbtfera, and Dasya iyengarii. Heterosiphonia crispella (as H. wurdemannii var. laxa) and D. baillouviana were previously listed from Hawaii.
Marine Algae of the Northwest Hawaiian Islands
(University of Hawaii Press, 1989-07) Abbott, Isabella A.
Reexamination of some previous collections of marine algae from the Northwest Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), also known as the Leeward Hawaiian Islands, and the addition of more recent collections have resulted in recognition of 48 taxa of Chlorophyta (green algae), with eight new records for the NWHI; 33 taxa of Phaeophyta (brown algae), with seven new records; and 124 species of Rhodophyta (red algae), of which 26 are new records for the NWHI. Among the 41 new records, 14 taxa are newly reported for the entire Hawaiian archipelago. Among the new records are Nemacystus decipiens, Halimeda copiosa, and H. velasquezii and among the microscopic algae Crouania mageshimensis. Total macroscopic marine flora consists of 205 taxa, a number close to the 222 species known from Eniwetak in the northern Marshall Islands. Proportions of greens and reds in the two places are markedly different, however, with more green and fewer red species in Eniwetak.
Geographic and Marine Isolation: An Assessment of the Marine Algae of Easter Island
(University of Hawaii Press, 1987) Santelices, B.; Abbott, I.A.
The marine flora of Easter Island is one of the least known in the Pacific. Yet it appears as a most attractive flora because of its geographic isolation. This study reports the results of an expedition to the island , providing new records on the marine algal flora, giving the first description of the intertidal and shallow subtidal vegetation, and allowing for a first marine phytogeographic characterization of the island. There is a total of 166 taxa from this relatively small volcanic island to which 66 new records have been added. The marine algal flora of Easter Island appears rich and diverse as compared with that of other similar sized islands in the central Pacific and is monotonously similar in different habitats around the island. It is short and turfy in stature, composed mainly of species with wide geographic distribution in the tropics with a general affinity to the western Pacific. The previously reported 24% endemism of the marine flora is reduced to 14% by the current study, owing to the increased numbers of non-endemic taxa. In its Indo-Pacific relationship, the flora is similar in derivation to those invertebrates that have been studied.
Peleophycus multiprocarpium gen. et sp. nov. (Gloiosiphoniaceae, Rhodophyta)
(University of Hawai'i Press, 1984-10) Abbott, Isabella A.
Peleophycus multiprocarpium is described as a genus and species new to the red algal family Gloiosiphoniaceae (Cryptonemiales), in which a given supporting cell may bear one or more carpogonial branches and one to several auxiliary cell branches. Though several gonimoblasts could thus be formed on the same supporting cell, this condition has not been observed. Nonetheless it suggests a possible phylogenetic pathway from less complicated to more complex relationships of reproductive branches. In its structure of reproductive organs, Peleophycus seems most closely related to Gloeophycus, described from Korea and northwestern Japan. Peleophycus is one of several new genera and species that occurred in an unexpected subtidal (ca. 10-12 m depth) spring marine flora in the subtropics off Hawaii.

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