Volume 56: 2024 - Hawaiian Entomological Society

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/75853

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In Memoriam Marian Adachi Kohn (1929–2014), Hawaiian Entomologist and Scientific Illustrator
(2024) Kabat, Alan R.
Marian Shizuko Adachi Kohn (1929–2014) contributed significantly to our knowledge of Hawaiian entomology through her publications on the Diptera of Hawai‘i and elsewhere in the Pacific region, including a significant 1964 monograph on the Dolichopodidae co-authored with D. Elmo Hardy. Marian described 126 species-level taxa, and she also illustrated several of Hardy’s entomological publications.
Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) Associated with Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death and Mixed Metrosideros polymorpha Forests on the Island of Kauaʻi, Hawaiʻi
(2024) Roy, Kylle; Dunkle, Ellen J.; Manandhar, Roshan; Clark, Michelle; Magnacca, Karl N.; Harshman, Kalli; Peck, Robert W.
Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) beetles on the island of Kauaʻi, Hawaiʻi, are of interest due to their role in the fungal disease complex, rapid ʻōhiʻa death (ROD), and the unique radiation of endemic ambrosia beetles found across the Hawaiian archipelago. We investigated the status of RODassociated and native ambrosia beetles on Kauaʻi by rearing beetles from bolts collected from ROD-Ceratocystis infested ʻōhiʻa lehua (ʻōhiʻa; Metrosideros polymorpha) trees and trapping in mixed ʻōhiʻa forests. Beetles associated with ROD on Kauaʻi include Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xyleborus perforans, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Crossotarsus externedentatus. Xyleborus perforans was most abundant in ʻōhiʻa bolts followed by Xyleborus ferrugineus. From trap captures, we identified new island records of the native Xyleborus beetles including Xyleborus dubiosus, Xyleborus oahuensis, and Xyleborus tantalus. Xylosandrus crassiusculus was most abundant in traps. Additional work could contribute to understanding and mitigating the spread of ROD on Kauaʻi and to documenting the endemic Xyleborus beetles.
Nine New Species of Hawaiian Leaf-roller Moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Including One Probably Extinct Species
(2024) Austin, Kyhl A.; Rubinoff, Daniel
Nine new species of Tortricidae are described from the Hawaiian Islands: Bactra omoomoo, sp. nov. (Oʻahu), Eccoptocera kualii, sp. nov. (Oʻahu), Eccoptocera kukona, sp. nov. (Kauaʻi), Eccoptocera iwipookua, sp. nov. (Kauaʻi), Panaphelix nalowale, sp. nov. (Oʻahu), Panaphelix mapala, sp. nov. (Hawaiʻi), Panaphelix kikokea, sp. nov. (Maui), Pararrhaptica huihui, sp. nov. (Kauaʻi), and Spheterista hoihoi, sp. nov. (Kauaʻi). Unfortunately, Panaphelix nalowale has not been seen since its only collection 50 years ago and is probably extinct. With the possible exceptions of Bactra omoomoo and Panaphelix kikokea, all species are believed to be single-island endemics. In addition, Bactra iomolybda Meyrick, reinst. stat. (Hawaiʻi), is resurrected from synonymy of Bactra straminea (Butler) (Oʻahu) and redescribed. The conservation status for all species is discussed in the hopes of encouraging action on their behalf.
Elucidating the Distribution of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) on the Island of Maui
(2024-10-21) Seaborn, Priscilla; Spafford, Helen; Medeiros, Matthew; Goff, M Lee
Mosquito-borne diseases are a global threat to public health and wildlife conservation. Avian malaria devastates endemic birds, while introduced mosquitoes in Hawai‘i have caused dengue outbreaks, notably in 2015 on Hawai‘i island, and raise the risk of future arbovirus transmission. This highlights the importance of surveying mosquito populations and creating distribution maps for vector control, especially in neglected areas of Hawai‘i. Currently, there are seven introduced mosquito species in Hawai‘i, six of which are blood-feeding, and five are competent disease vectors. However, the impact of space, time, and elevation on mosquito abundance and species diversity remains unassessed on Maui. This project aimed to fill this gap by characterizing mosquito distribution on Maui using traps deployed around the island for a year. Ae. albopictus was found to be abundant and widely distributed, while Culex quinquefasciatus was abundant but had a limited distribution compared to Ae. albopictus. Ae. vexans and Wy. mitchellii were also collected. June had the highest mosquito capture rate. Hawai‘i faces ongoing threats from new species due to high tourism and cargo shipments, with climate change expected to alter mosquito suitability at higher elevations. This study serves as an important reference for monitoring such changes.
Efficacy and Non-target Risks of Broadcasting Amdro Ant Bait to Protect Hawaiian Picture-winged Fly Breeding Habitats
(2024-10-21)
Multiple species of rare and federally endangered Hawaiian picturewinged Drosophila flies are at risk from predation by invasive ants, with Solenopsis papuana being the main ant of concern in mesic montane forests on Oʻahu. Prior work demonstrated that suppression of S. papuana with Amdro Ant Block Home Perimeter Ant Bait, distributed in bait stations throughout forest plots, can greatly increase reproductive success of picture-winged flies. The present study tested the efficacy and safety of broadcasting this bait, which is far easier and cheaper. A single broadcast application of Amdro bait at the label rate in 20 x 20 m field plots was very effective for suppressing S. papuana abundances for a period of at least six months, with somewhat weaker effects persisting for up to one year. Broadcast of Amdro bait did not appear to have strong negative impacts on nontarget invertebrates in these forests at the scale investigated: no significant declines were detected in Amdro-treated plots for any taxonomic group either immediately after application or six months later. Furthermore, cage trials suggest that picturewinged flies themselves are not strongly attracted to Amdro bait. Only a single brief feeding episode was observed among 23 flies of three non-listed surrogate species tested, and there was no difference in time to death between flies placed in cages provisioned with Amdro and flies placed in control cages. Collectively, the results suggest that a single broadcast of Amdro is effective for long-term suppression of S. papuana and should pose little risk to non-target ground-dwelling mesic forest invertebrate communities as well as to picture-winged flies.
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