Volume 31 – 1992 : Hawaiian Entomological Society

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/10673

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Occurrence of the Twospotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), in the Hawaiian Islands
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Jones, Vincent P.; Hara, Arnold; Hashimoto, Clark; Rathman, Robin J.; McMurtry, James A.
The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), has been identified from several locations on the islands of Oahu, Maui and Hawaii. The importance of this fact with regard to importation of ornamentals and phytoseiid predators of spider mites reared on twospotted spider mite is discussed.
Notes on Two Species of Megaspilidae in Hawaii (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Beardsley, John W.
Two immigrant species of Megaspilidae appear to be established in Hawaii. One, placed here in the genus Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, is known only from elevations above 3,000 ft on the islands of Maui and Hawaii, and was first collected here in 1946. A second species, placed tentatively in the genus Megaspilus Westwood, was collected on Oahu at about 350 ft elevation in February 1991. Neither has yet been identified to species.
Evidence for Inhibition of Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Feeding by Extracellular Metabolites of a Wood Decay Fungus
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Grace, J Kenneth; Goodell, Barry S.; Jones, Wendy E.; Chandhoke, Vikas; Jellison, Jody
Siderophores are iron-chelating extracellular fungal metabolites which may be involved in initiating wood decay. A purified siderophore extract isolated from the brown-rot decay fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. ex Fr.) Murr. (Basidiomycetes: Polyporaceae) was found to deter feeding by Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). This fungus has previously been associated with preferential feeding on decayed wood by subterranean termites, and solvent extracts have been reported to induce termite trail-following, arrestment, and/or aggregation. This is the first report of G. trabeum metabolites or fungal siderophores having a negative behavioral effect on subterranean termites.
Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Reared from Fruit of Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt.) Walp. in Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Beardsley, John W.; Uchida, Grant K.
During August 1990, six individuals of a native California chaparral tree, Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt.) Walp., were found growing at 6,600 ft. elevation al Pohakuloa, Hawaii Island. Two collections totaling 1,224 ripe fruit, made from these trees during September and November, yielded 1,649 mature larvae which produced 1,566 adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The average yield of Medfly adults/kg fruit was 277.13, indicating that P. ilicifolia is an excellent host for this pest. This finding may have implications for future Medfly eradication or control programs in California since P. ilicifolia is a widely distributed element of mesic chaparral communities there.
Establishment of Encarsia smithi (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Pohnpei for Control of the Orange Spiny Whitefly, Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Muniappan, R.; Marutani, M.; Esguerra, Nelson
Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) was recognized as a serious problem on Pohnpei in 1987. Encarsia smithi (Silvestri) was released on January 7, 1988. The parasite was recovered on April 28, 1988, and an effective control of A. spiniferus was achieved by February 1989.
Effect of Eucalyptus dives Extracts on Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Jahn, Gary C.
Eucalyptus dives extracts repelled starved Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) from sucrose solutions in choice tests.
Supernumerary Molts in the First Instar of Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Ramadan, Mohsen M.; Beardsley, John W.
Supernumerary molts involving as many as 3 head capsule exuviae of the morphological first instar larvae of Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) were observed in the host puparium or the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). This phenomenon was frequently observed when parasitization occurred in early stage host larvae.
The Taxonomy of Crawforda triopsyllina Caldwell (Homoptera: Psyllidae) with Descriptions of the Immature Stages
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Uchida, Grant K.; Beardsley, John W.
Taxonomic papers dealing with the endemic Hawaiian psyllid Crawforda triopsyllina Caldwell are reviewed, and its five nymphal instant are described and illustrated.
Description of the Immature Stages of Trioza uniqua (Caldwell) (Homoptera: Psyllidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Uchida, Grant K.; Beardsley, John W.
The taxonomic position of Trioza uniqua (Caldwell) and its evolutionary affinities with the genera Kuwayama and Trioza are reviewed. Detailed descriptions of the five nymphal instars are given.
Megatrioza zanthoxyli, n. sp. (Homoptera: Psyllidae), with Descriptions of Adult and Immature Stages
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Uchida, Grant K.; Beardsley, John W.
The adult and immature stages of a new endemic Hawaiian psyllid, Megatrioza zanthoxyli, are described. Keys to separate the adults and nymphs of this species from those of the Megatrioza palmicola Crawford group are presented.
The Kuwayama ventralis Group; Three New Species of Hawaiian Psyllidae (Homoptera), with Descriptions of Adults and Immature Stages
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Uchida, Grant K.; Beardsley, John W.
The Kuwayama ventralis group is proposed to include three closely related, island specific psyllids from the endemic Hawaiian tree Pisonia sandwicensis Hillebrand. These are Kuwayama ventralis, n. sp., Kuwayama oahuensis, n. sp. and Kuwayama lanaiensis, n. sp. Adults and immature stages of these psyllids are described, and species keys for all stages are provided.
The Genus Hemischizocranium Tuthill (Homoptera: Psyllidae), with Descriptions of Immature Stages
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Uchida, Grant K.; Beardsley, John W.
The genus Hemischizocranium Tuthill is reviewed and the nymphal stages of the two included species, H. bessi Tuthill and H. aloha (Caldwell) are described and figured. Keys to the adult and nymphal stages are provided.
Taxonomic Status and Host Range of Three Heteropsylla spp. (Homoptera: Psyllidae) in Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Nagamine, Walter T.; Kumashiro, Bernarr R.; Nakahara, Larry M.
The taxonomic status of two species of Heteropsylla in Hawaii was clarified after confusion arose because of inadequate identification keys and the collection of mixed populations from a common host plant. A third species of Heteropsylla was also discovered for the first time in Hawaii during January 1986. Most range tests were conducted with nine leguminous plants, Heteropsylla cubana Crawford, a senior synonym of H. incisa (Sulc), completed its development on leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) and monkeypod (Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.); H. huasachae Caldwell on koa (Acacia koa Gray), monkeypod, and slender mimosa (Desmanthus virgatus (I.) Willd.); and H. fusca Crawford on klu (Acacia farnesiana (1..) Willd.).
Effect of Fruit Screening Method on Estimating Number of Oriental Fruit Flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Host Fruit
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Liquido, Nicanor J.
The effect of fruit screening method on estimations of the numbers of oriental fruit fly. Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), in host fruit was studied, using papaya (Carica papaya L, variety Kapoho Solo) as the test fruit. In this paper, "fruit screening method" is defined as a collective method of sifting fruits and rearing medium for larvae and pupae of fruit flies, rearing the recovered immature stages to adults, and recovering the emerged fruit fly and parasitoid adults. Six calculation methods were used to estimate fruit fly numbers. Each method simulated a different fruit screening method. Data showed that estimates of numbers of fruit flies in host fruit varied significantly with the fruit screening method (or with the method of calculating the number of flies in infested fruit). This report recommends that fruit screening methods be carefully evaluated against the objectives of the study being conducted, and the proposed application of the data being gathered.
A New Eye Mutant, apricot, of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and its Mating Preference
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Poramarcom, Ratana
Genetic crossing experiments of the apricot eye (ap) mutant, discovered in a recently introduced laboratory colony of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), demonstrated that it was inherited as an autosomal recessive gene. Mating preference tests showed that both apricot eye females and wild-type females preferred to male with males of their own strains. However, only wild-type males were highly successful in mating with both types of females.
Yellowjacket (Vespula pensylvanica) Predation at Hawaii Volcanoes and Haleakala National Parks: Identity of Prey Items
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Gambino, Parker
Predation by Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure) was studied at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes National Parks in Hawaii. Prey items were sampled by removing them from foragers returning to nests. V. pensylvanica preyed on a diverse taxonomic assortment of arthropods; 522 prey items belonging to 9 orders were identified. Of 170 prey items determined to genus level, approximately two thirds were of endemic taxa, indicating a substantial threat of V. pensylvanica to Hawaiian biodiversity. The design of a prey sampling trap is given.
Annotated Insect Distribution Records for the Island of Kauai
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Asquith, Adam; Messing, Russell H.
Thirty five new distribution records are presented for the island of Kauai. Cardiastethus minutissimus Usinger (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is reported for the first time from the state of Hawaii.
Review of the Genus Aspidogyrus Yoshimoto, with Descriptions of Three New Species (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Eucoilidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Beardsley, John W.
Aspidogyrus Yoshimoto 1962 is redescribed and compared with other endemic Hawaiian eucoilid genera. Three new species; A. kidoi from Kauai, A. macioleki from Oahu and A. mirabilis from Hawaii, are described and compared to the type species, A. strigosus Yoshimoto from Maui. The unique morphological characters exhibited by Aspidogyrus species are discussed. These appear to be adaptations that fit the wasps for life as parasites of fresh water aquatic Diptera larvae in swift-flowing streams.
Comparison of Two Methods of Rearing Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Mock Orange and Coffee in the Laboratory
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Harris, Ernest J.; Lee, Clifford Y.L.
Two methods of rearing fruit flies and parasitoids from fruit collected in the field were compared. Infested ripe mock orange, Murraya paniculata (I~), fruit were collected from sites in Honolulu and suburbs, and infested ripe coffee, Coffea arabica L., were collected from sites in Makaha valley. Fifty fruit were held in the laboratory in individual plastic Ziploc® bags, or fruit were held in groups of 50 per plastic bag. Significantly more (P < 0.05 df 34) Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were reared from the fruit in groups than from individual fruit. Higher numbers of unemerged pupae were obtained from mock orange and coffee from individual fruit than from fruit groups. The results showed that when given a choice under limited food conditions larvae may migrate from one fruit to another to feed, and thereby improve their chances for survival to maturity. Some larvae of C. capitata, which developed in coffee, and B. dorsalis which developed in mock orange, showed multiple infestation of these fruits. The implications of this study to tephritid fruit fly ecology are discussed.
Effect of Neem Oil, Monocrotophos, and Carbosulfan on Green Leafhoppers, Nephotettix virescens (Distant) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and Rice Yields in Thailand
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1992) Jahn, Gary C.
Field trials were conducted in Thailand to determine the effect of Thai neem seed oil, monocrotophos (Azodrin), and carbosulfan (Posse) on rice yields (Oryza sativa L., variety RD7). Neem-treated plots did not yield significantly more rice than control plots. Plots treated with monocrotophos or carbosulfan had significantly higher yields than control plots or neem-treated plots. The rice yields were correlated with the levels of three insect species: Nephotettix virescens (Distant) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), and Chilo sp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Only N. virescens exceeded its economic threshold. More than 95% of the variation in yield data could be explained by the N. virescens levels 36 days after transplanting, N. virescens populations were reduced by applications of monocrotophos and carbosulfan. N. virescens was not effectively controlled by neem seed oil. N. virescens control with monocrotophos or carbosulfan at economic threshold appears to significantly increase rice yields.

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