Volume 29 – 1989 : Hawaiian Entomological Society

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/10671

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Operational and Scientific Notes Biological Control of Lantana camara L. in Yap
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Muniappan, R.
The purposely introduced natural enemies of Lantana camara I.. namely, Hypena strigata (F.), Salbia haemorrhoidalis Guenee and Teleonemia scrupulosa Stal, failed to establish on Yap. Lantanophaga pusillidactyla (Walker) and Epinotia lantana Busck, which were not purposely introduced, were found to be established.
Hawaiian Eucoilidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea), Key to Genera and Taxonomic Notes on Apparently Non-Endemic Species
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Beardsley, John W.
A key to the genera of Eucoilidae known to occur in Hawaii is presented. All known non-endemic species are treated except those which attack larvae of Agromyzidae (Beardsley 1988) and those of the genus Kleidotoma Westwood (Beardsley in press). The following three species are described as new: Eucoila ophyrae, Hexacola neoscatellae Rhoptomeris advena. The following new combinations are proposed: Chrestosema magnifica for Pseudeucoila (Hexamocera) magnificus Yoshimoto, Didtyctium weldi for Pseudeucoila (Pseudeucoila) weldi Yoshimoto, Ganaspis ovata for Pseudeucoila ovata Yoshimoto, and Leptopilina rugipunctata for Pseudeucoila (Pseudeucoila) rugipunctata Yoshimoto. The following new synonomies are proposed: Hexacola samuelsoni Yoshimoto and Yasumatsu (1965) as a junior synonym of Micreriodes guamensis Yoshimoto (1962), and Hexaplasta konensis Ashmead (1901) as a junior synonym of Trybliographa xanthopada Ashmead (1896). The following immigrant species are reported as new to the Hawaiian fauna: Micreriodes guamensis, Eucoila ophyrae, Didyctium weldi, Hexacola neoscatellae, Leptopilina boutardi (Barbotin el al.) and Rhoptomeris advena. In addition, three as yet undetermined species assigned lo Hexacola Forster are each known from a single specimen collected on Oahu.
Present Status of Oriental and Mediterranean Fruit Flies and Their Parasites at Three Locations on Oahu, Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Chaudhry, Muhammad M.K.
To establish present status of the oriental fruit fly (OFF), Dacus dorsalis Hendel, and the Mediterranean fruit fly (MED). Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and their parasitoids on Oahu, Hawaii, a study was carried out from August to December 1987, by collecting guava fruit and trapping adult males with lures at three locations; Mt. Tantalus, Lyon Arboretum and Waimanalo. Mean weights of individual guava fruit collected from Mt. Tantalus, Lyon Arboretum, and Waimanalo were found to be 74.0 g. 78.2 g. 9.7 g respectively. Only OFF emerged from 180 fruit which were held in the laboratory, although adult males of MED were trapped at Waimanalo. Populations of OFF were most abundant at the highest elevation, Mt. Tantalus, where the mean number of flies trapped with a methyl eugenol lure in 15 minutes was 55.5. Numbers trapped al the middle elevation, Lyon Arboretum, and lower elevation, Waimanalo, were 29.7, 29.0 respectively. The number of puparia per kg fruit sampled was highest (72.0) at the lowest elevation, Waimanalo. The numbers or puparia per kg fruit from the middle and highest elevations were 60.5, 48.4 respectively. Mean parasitism by the opiine wasp Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) was 48.8%. 37.7%. 29.6% respectively for Mt. Tantalus, Lyon Arboretum and Waimanalo.
Discovery of the Genus Gampsocera Schiner from Hawaii, with a Description of a New Species (Diptera: Chloropidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Kanmiya, Kenkichi
Gampsocera hardyi sp. nov. is described. This is the first species of this genus discovered in Hawaii. The species shows a considerable sexual dimorphism on the markings of thoracic dorsum, legs and wing, and shape of arista. The species was reared from rotting stems of banana, papaya and Wikstroemia sp.
Development of The Transparentwinged Plant Bug, Hyalopeplus pellucidus (Stal), A Pest of Cultivated Guava in Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Mau, Ronald F.L.; Nishijima, Kate
The life cycle of the transparentwinged plant bug, Hyalopeplus pellucidus (Stal), was studied on guava, Psidium guajava I... Eggs were deposited in stems, flower buds, and leaf midribs and hatched in an average of 7 days. The 5 nymphal stadia were completed in an average of 14 days. The nymphs were anthophagous, and feeding on flower buds was necessary for normal development. Cage studies showed a direct relationship between feeding injury and the abscission of guava flower buds.
An Inexpensive Capillary Flow Board For Olfactometer Studies
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Furutani, Sheldon C.; Arita, Lorna H.; Tsang, Marcel M.
An inexpensive, easy-to-construct capillary flow board was developed by utilizing polypropylene tubing for the manifolds and Tygon tubing for the manometers. This modified capillary flow hoard provides multiple port outlets to process several test gases simultaneously and, in addition, produces a constant and uniform rate of gas flow. Estimated cost of the flow board, excluding air pump, is $45.00.
Pollen Types Collected by Honey Bees at Three Localities on the Island of Hawaii Part I: Floral Source Identification
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Arita, Lorna H.; Sakai, William S.; Moniz, Jadelyn J.
Pollen pellets removed from the hindlegs of honey bees returning to their hive, were collected on a monthly basis at 200 ft elevation at Hakalau and Panaewa, and at 4000 ft elevation at Volcano, all on the island of Hawaii. Pollen pellet samples were visually separated by color and identified as to floral source at the family level. These samples contained 97 pollen types from 29 plant families. Sixty-three pollen types were found exclusively at a single location: 23 types from 10 families at Hakalau, 12 types from 9 families at Panaewa, and 28 types from 15 families at Volcano. Thirty-four pollen types were found at more than one location; 5 types from 4 families at Hakalau and Panaewa. 6 types from 6 families at Panaewa and Volcano, and 14 types from 10 families at Hakalau and Volcano. Nine pollen types from 7 families were common to all three locations.
Biology and Behavior of the South American Moth, Cyanotricha necyria (Felder and Rogenhofer) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), a Potential Biocontrol Agent in Hawaii of the Forest Weed, Passiflora mollissima (HBK) Bailey
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Markin, George P.; Nagata, Roddy F.; Taniguchi, Glenn
The life cycle of the moth Cyanotricha necyria was studied at ambient outdoor temperatures in a quarantine facility at 1.140 m (3,800 ft.) on the island of Hawaii lo determine if the insert would be a suitable biological control agent for the forest weed Passiflora mollissima. This moth deposits eggs in clusters on the underside of 2- to 4-week-old leaves; first-instar larvae feed gregariously al the leaf margin, but second instars disperse and become solitary. The larvae pass through four instars before pupation. The cocoon is a thin, semi-transparent net-like structure and is spun in a crevice or enclosed in a folded leaf. At ambient outdoor temperatures, total development from egg to adult required 90 days in summer and 120 days in winter. Mating occurred between 5 and 10 days after females emerged, and maximum egg production was achieved between 10 and 25 days. Females lived an average of 32 days with a few surviving and laying eggs, for up to 45 days. Egg production in breeding colonies in the laboratory averaged 3.7 eggs per female per day with an average female laying a total of 67 eggs. However, in both laboratory and field collected eggs, fertility averaged between 45 and 55%. Among field-collected larvae and pupae, 10 to 100% were parasitized by three species of Hymenoptera.
Effect of Gamma Radiation on Biosteres longicaudatus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Larval Parasitoid of Dacus dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Ramadan, Mohsen M.; Wong, Tim T.Y.
Pupae of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, which had been exposed as larvae to the parasitoid, Biosteres longicaudatus (Ashmead), were subjected to 10 krad gamma radiation in nitrogen atmosphere on the eleventh day after parasitization. The irradiation treatment caused sterility in the adult parasitoids of both sexes. Gamma irradiation slightly enhanced longevity of treated females when compared with untreated parasitoids. However, longevity of treated males decreased significantly.
Foraging Behavior of Laboratory Cultured Mediterranean Fruit Flies on Field-Caged Host Trees
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Prokopy, Ronald J.; Aluja, Martin; Wong, Tim T.Y.
We examined the intra-tree foraging behavior of mature, individually-released, laboratory-cultured (for more than 300 generations) Mediterranean fruit fly females, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), on field-caged potted host trees bearing different densities or qualities of host fruit (kumquats) and compared 27 behavioral trails with those of wild origin females examined earlier under the same conditions. Responses of the lab-cultured females were generally qualitatively similar to but quantitatively different from responses of the wild females.
Influence of Previous Experience with Host Plant Foliage on Behavior of Mediterranean Fruit Fly Females
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Prokopy, Ronald J.; Aluja, Martin; Papaj, Daniel R.; Roitberg, Bernard D.; Wong, Tim T.Y.
Consistent with the findings of a previous study, foliage-naive gravid females of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), when released onto the foliage of non-fruiting host plants in a Held cage, spent more time on the foliage of citrus than of tomato plants of comparable size. We found here that 3 days of previous experience with the foliage of citrus or tomato plants did not detectably alter the nature of this response pattern. This suggests that prior experience of medfly females with plant foliage (in contrast to prior experience with plant fruit) is probably of negligible biological significance. We also found that the response pattern of medfly females of a strain cultured in the laboratory for more than 300 generations was qualitatively similar to but quantitatively different from the response pattern of wild medflies.
Spatial Distribution of Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) throughout West Oahu: Development of Eradication Strategies
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Vargas, Roger I.; Nishida, Toshiyuki
Distribution of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitat (Wiedemann), throughout west Oahu was determined from trap and fruit infestation data. The range of C. capitata is wider than previously reported and includes four of the five major vegetation zones. No flies were captured in native forests. From November 1985 to October 1986, 96.2% of the traps in xerotropical habitats and 61.5% of the traps in pluviotropical habitats call-in flies. During the 12 month study 90.4% of the total flies captured were recovered in 5 traps (total traps = 52) located in or near feral coffee, Coffea arabica I.., in Makaha and Waianae Valleys. C. capitata occurred at low densities throughout the year along most of the coastline where residential back yard hosts were infested and sporadically throughout gulches and uplands of the Waianae Mountain Range where common guava, Psidium guajava I... and strawberry guava. Psidium cattleianum Sabine, were infested. The most important hosts were coffee; false kamani, Terminalia catappa L.; mock orange, Murraya exotica I..; citrus, Citrus spp.; common guava and strawberry guava. Coffee produced as many as 234 flies per kg, while all other host fruits produced low numbers. Findings are discussed with respect to development of eradication strategies for C. capitata in Hawaii.
Insects Attacking Passiflora mollissima and Other Passiflora Species; Field Survey in the Andes
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Pemberton, Robert W.
A two and one half month exploration for insects of Passiflora mollissima (H.B.K.) Bailey, a problem weed of Hawaiian forests, was made in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. The "Hawaiian type" or P. mollisiima was frequently encountered. This form appeared to be within a range of variation expressed in P. mollissima in the Andes. Although an assemblage of insects was observed feeding on P. mollissima and other Andean Passiflora species of the subgenus Tarsonia, the fauna was found to be poor in species when compared to the faunas of the tropical lowland Passiflora. Few of the Passiflora specialist insect groups of the lowlands have moved up to use highland species and there is little indication that Passiflora specialist groups have developed in the Andes. The most damaging insect found during the survey was Pyrausta perelegans Hampson (Pyralidae). Its larvae, like those of the stamen feeding flies seen on the survey (prob. Dasiops spp., Lonchaeidae. and Zapriothrica salebrosa Wheeler, Drosophilidae), feed within the flower buds causing them to abort. There was much less flowering and fruiting of P. mollissima in the Andes than in Hawaii. Since these flower bud feeders may be responsible for the difference, they could prove useful in limiting the spread of the plant in Hawaii. More exploration is needed to discover organisms capable of reducing the existing stands of P. mollissima in Hawaii.
Biological Control Introductions in the Caroline and Marshall Islands
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Schreiner, Ilse
Numerous introductions of natural enemies of insects, weeds and other organisms have taken place in the Caroline and Marshall islands, especially since 1945. Rodolia pumila and several other species of coccinellids have been widely distributed for control of Icerya spp. and Aspidiolus destructor. Many of these species successfully established on the high islands of Micronesia. On atolls, sketchy information suggests that R. pumila established, dramatically reduced populations of fluted scales, and then became extinct. Periodic reintroductions seem necessary to maintain these predators on atolls. Other successful introductions include a variety of predators and parasites for control of Oryctes rhinoceros including a virus, several parasitic Hymenoptera directed against Aleyrodidae, predatory snails for control of giant African snail, and a variety of insects for the control or lantana and clidemia. Though many of the biological control agents are known to have established, little information is available as to their impact on target pests.
Influence of Bittermelon, Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), on Distribution of Melon Fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillet (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Island of Molokai, Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Harris, Ernest J.; Lee, Clifford Y.L.
A study of trap catches and fruit samples showed a strong relationship between the distribution and abundance of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillet, and the abundance of cultivated hosts and feral bittermelon (Momordica charantia I.) in west Molokai. In general, the melon fly was distributed in all inhabited areas on the island of Molokai. In uncultivated pineapple fields near Maunaloa and Hoolehua, growth and fruiting of M. charantia produced large populations of D. cucurbitae. Mean rate of infestation was 21.8 melon flies/kg of Momordica and 22.1 flies/kg of cultivated cucurbits (pumpkin and watermelon). Over 8000 fruits were collected which produced 2432 D. cucurbitae pupae but no parasitoids. The high winds on west Molokai appeared to be unfavorable for Opius fletcheri Fullaway, the principal parasitoid associated with melon fly in Hawaii, but were favorable for D. cucurbitae.
Insectary Production of Biosteres tryoni (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Larval Parasitoid of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Ramadan, Mohsen M.; Wong, Tim T.Y.; Beardsley, John W.
The results of this study contribute to the development of mass rearing procedures for Biosteres tryoni (Cameron) by providing a method for producing adequate numbers for releases, and by determining the potential for the use of this species in suppression programs against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Progeny production per cage of 200 females was 1,483.6 adult parasitoids per generation when oviposition exposure period was 6 hours per day. A yield of 94.'!% of total progeny was obtained during a parasitoid age interval of 5 to 20 days'. Progeny production and ratio of females declined significantly during the age interval of 21 to 30 days. Most larvae exposure periods of-1, 6, and 8 hours per day appeared to be optimum for parasitoid production even though parasitoids achieved their highest rate of reproduction per unit time after 2 hours exposure for oviposition.
The Distribution and Biological Observations of the Mango Weevil, Cryptorhynchus mangiferae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Hansen, James D.; Armstrong, John W.; Brown, Steven A.
The distribution and life history or the mango weevil, Cryptorhynchus mangiferae (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was studied in Hawaii. The weevil was round on all major islands, but its distribution was not related to location on island, host plant density, cultivar, or other environmental parameters. Populations were sampled in a mango orchard at biweekly intervals during the fruiting season. No differences were found in infestation rates among fruit in different vertical zones in the canopy. Head capsule width data suggested that there were more than five larval instars. Young larvae were first collected in mid-April while pupae and adults were (list found at the end of May. More than one weevil can successfully develop in a seed. In the field, adults appeared to randomly select opposition sites.
Parasites of the Potato Tuberworm, Tomato Pinworm, and Other, Closely Related Gelechiids
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989) Oatman, Earl R.; Platner, Gary R.
Parasites reared from tile potato tuberworm, tomato pinworm, and other closely related gelechiids in the Americas are presented. The parasite complex associated with each gelechiid and the area of origin of the potato tuberworm and tomato pinworm are discussed briefly.
29: Proceedings - PHES
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989)
29: Table of Contents - PHES
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1989)

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