Pacific Science Volume 17, Number 4, 1963
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Pacific Science is a quarterly publication devoted to the biological and physical sciences of the Pacific Region.
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Item17: Index - Pacific Science(University of Hawai'i Press, 1963-10)
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ItemRevision of the Genus Pandanus Stickman, Part 16. Species Discovered in Thailand and Vietnam(University of Hawai'i Press, 1963-10)The following new species are all but one based upon specimens collected by others and preserved in Bangkok, either in the herbarium of the Department of Agriculture at Kasetsart University or in the herbarium of the Royal Forestry Department.
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ItemGibsmithia hawaiiensis gen. n. et sp. n.(University of Hawai'i Press, 1963-10)A new genus , Gibsmithia, is described and tentatively placed in the Dumontiaceae of the red algal order Cryptonemiales. Its diagnostic features are: possession of auxiliary cells in specialized filaments separate from those bearing the carpogonia; the known sexual structures occurring in sori at the tips of soft, gelatinous branches which arise from perennial round stems so as to form a hemispherical head; cruciate tetraspores borne on filaments protruding from the surface of the branches and these same branch filaments often bearing terminal seirospores. The type species of the genus is G. hawaiiensis, known only from the island of Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands.
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ItemCharacteristic Features of the Volcanism of the Siberian Platform(University of Hawai'i Press, 1963-10)Widespead volcanism is characteristic of the Siberian platform, and was especially intense during uppermost Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic time. The Siberian traps, which occupy an area of more than 1,500,000 km^2, are best developed there. These are effusive and hypabyssal rocks of basalt-dolerite type, closely resembling trap rocks in other parts of the globe, especially the Karroo dolerires of South Africa.
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ItemInvestigations of Rhinoceros Beetles In West Africa(University of Hawai'i Press, 1963-10)In April, 1959, the author was sent by the South Pacific Commission to the countries of Sierra Leone and Nigeria, West Africa, to conduct an investigation of the natural enemies of the various species of Oryctes (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) occurring there . The object of this study was to find and introduce to the islands of the South Pacific suitable parasites and predators of these beetles in order to establish a biological control over the introduced Oryctes rhinoceros Linn. which has become a serious pest of coconut palms in the area.
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ItemHawaiian Records of Folliculinids (Protozoa) from Submerged Wood(University of Hawai'i Press, 1963-10)To folliculinids in Hawaii, taken from naturally submerged objects (Halofolliculina annulata, Ascobius simplex, Metafolliculina andrewsi) and from submerged glass-plate panels (Metafolliculina nordgardi, Parafolliculina violaceae) , are added those from Douglas fir panels riddled by subsistent teredines and Limnoria: Eufolliculina lignicola, Mirofolliculina limnoriae, and Lagotia viridis. Variations in loricae and moniliform nuclear components are illustrated and discussed.
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ItemPreliminary Report on the Marquesan Sardine, Harengula vittata, in Hawaii(University of Hawai'i Press, 1963-10)The Marquesan sardine, Harengula vittata, was introduced to Hawaiian waters in eight plantings from 1955 through 1959 by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in an attempt to establish this species as a supplementary bait fish for skipjack fishing. The details of the first seven introductions have been reported by Murphy (1960) and the eighth by Brock (1960). The eighth introduction comprised an estimated 4,000 sardines ranging from 7.0 to 9.4 cm in standard length and averaging 8.2 cm. This brought the estimated total number of sardines introduced to Hawaii to 144,000. All of the releases have been made around the island of Oahu (Fig. 1).
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ItemPopulation Dynamics in a Sublittoral Epifauna(University of Hawai'i Press, 1963-10)At present we have little evidence that successional changes following predictable patterns occur among epifaunal communities living on natural rock-reefs in the shallow sublittoral of. the open ocean. If this phenomenon does occur here, it can be detected by sustained observations at a single study site. In the period from 1957 to 1960 I conducted an intensive study of the epifaunas of two submarine hogbacks located at different depths off the coast of Corona del Mar, California. Some observations made during this period indicate that both gradual and disruptive changes do occur in these epifaunal communities. Attention is called in this paper to an abrupt change in population density of a predominant species that occurred on part of the shallower reef, and to the widespread biotal adjustments that ensued.
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ItemA Prior Name for the Hawaiian Gouldia terminalis (Rubiaceae)(University of Hawai'i Press, 1963-10)Among the most frequently encountered woody plants in the wetter, forested portions of the Hawaiian Islands are members of the extremely variable genus Gouldia. Fosberg (1937) presented the results of his detailed study of this baffling genus and concluded that the variability could be properly categorized in not less than three species composed of more than 90 varieties and forms. However, even this number of formally named taxa failed adequately to represent the variability, for hybridization was so rampant that at that time more than 50 hybrids were also recognized and characterized. It is therefore not surprising that Gouldia has acquired a reputation, among botanists working on Hawaiian plants, not unlike that of Crataegus and Rubus in the eastern United States. Like those genera, it is naturally felt that its taxonomy can now be handled only by a specialist. The present note, written far from Hawaii, is therefore merely concerned with the nomenclature of the most widespread and-variable species of this endemic genus.
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ItemStudies in the Hawaiian Rutaceae, IV. New and Critical Species of Pelea A. Gray(University of Hawai'i Press, 1963-10)The following notes, including descriptions of four proposed new species, are the partial outcome of monographic studies of Hawaiian genera. Pelea is a genus confined to the Hawaiian and Marquesan archipelagoes, with all but two of its species endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. There are-four relatively natural sections of the genus, characterized primarily by features of the mature fruits and to a lesser extent by leaf arrangement. Systematic treatment of section Pelea, which includes the type species, Pelea clusiaefolia, is completed. The following notes apply to sections Apocorpa, Megacarpa, and Cubicarpa, as defined by the writer (Stone in Degener, 1962). Related studies have recently appeared or are now in press (Stone 1962a, 1962b, Stone in Degener, 1962). Casual collecting of species of Pelea was begun by the author in 1955; in 1958 and 1959 and summer, 1961, intensive field and herbarium studies were carried out. Through the courtesy of the U.S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution, loans of historically important collections were obtained, and I am grateful to Dr. H.R. Fletcher. of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, Dr. George Taylor of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Dr. J.E. Dandy of the British Museum (Natural History) , Dr. Alicia Lourteig of the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Dr. Richard A. Howard of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, and Dr. A.J. Eames of Cornell University for their aid. I am particularly indebted to the former Director of the Bishop Museum, Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Botanist Marie C. Neal, and Curator of Collections E.H. Bryan, Jr., for their generous assistance.