Emerging Topics in Digital Government
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ItemSuccess of Digital Identity Infrastructure: A Grounded Model of eID Evolution Success( 2023-01-03)Digital identities (eID) are one of the crucial building blocks of a digital infrastructure. There are major differences between countries of the European Union when it comes to the success of digital identity infrastructure, yet, we lack insights into the conditions for successful digital identity infrastructure evolution (eID evolution success). Taking the outset in a digital infrastructure perspective, we conducted 18 expert interviews in the context of the European Union with the focal case of the eID infrastructure in Germany. We used the grounded theory method to develop a model of eID evolution success. We discuss how the model can be useful to governments, practitioners and researchers alike.
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ItemESGTech: Guiding ESG Regulation and Digital Governance( 2023-01-03)The role of technology in shaping regulatory processes has been widely studied in the field of digital governance. This research complements such literature by exposing how data technologies are shaping the regulatory trajectory of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues. The paper discusses the regulatory challenges surrounding ESG and the position that data technologies have assumed in addressing such issues. The case explored with this research is Bloomberg’s methodology for proprietary ES Scores. This study contributes to the e-government literature by emphasising how the absence of law both accelerates and constrains the scope of technology and how technology alleviates regulatory concerns whilst also assuming governing properties. This paper offers valuable insights into the complex production of ESG data and contributes with an imperative of ESGTech in guiding digital governance.
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ItemTowards Open Data Impact Evaluation Framework – An Empirical Analysis of the Demand-side Response( 2023-01-03)Open data is widely presumed to have a social, environmental, political, and economic impact; however, the evidence to that impact has remained scarce. The impacts must be explored and quantified to give a reasonable insight into the supply-side activities and demand-side responses. Based on the data collected from open data users in Ireland, we address the questions what the impacts of open data are and what indicators can be used to quantify the impacts of future open data initiatives. Findings from this study revealed impact categories, areas, and specific indicators to each impact areas. Output of this research directly contributes to the development and implementation of the National Open Data Strategy. This research recommends that open data leaders revisit indicators in respond to the change of social context and call for new forms of joint action between public and private stakeholders to deliver data-driven public goods.
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ItemAn Empirical Analysis of the Perceived Usefulness of Digital Governance Tools among Heterogeneous Swiss Municipalities( 2023-01-03)Digital governance tools have the potential to enable more efficient and less error-prone governance processes. However, the heterogeneity among municipalities might affect their willingness and purposes to use such tools, for which we have limited evidence. This study analyzes results from a survey among Swiss municipalities with different population sizes, focusing on their evaluation and prioritization of digital governance tools. The results show that for some governance areas, such as strategy formation & monitoring and project portfolio management, the perceived usefulness of these tools increases with municipality size, while the perceived use of them for data collection is generally lower. Smaller municipalities are more likely to reject new digital governance tools, with a general skepticism of the usefulness and the financial situation indicated as the most common reasons. Medium to large municipalities show additional reasons for the rejection, rooted in their more prevalent previous or current use of digital tools.
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ItemLearnings from Implementing a Pilot Hybrid Question Answering System for a Government Agency in Singapore( 2023-01-03)The Singapore Government first released its digital government blueprint in 2018 with the key message for all agencies to be "digital to the core and served with heart". With this push, agencies are moving towards human-centric digital services to handle the surge in inquiries from individual citizens. One solution that is widely adopted is the use of chatbot technology that directly interfaces with the customer. However, several organizations have faced backlash from the citizens when such chatbots are unable to answer or give inappropriate answers to the questions. Hence this research explores a different approach to address this challenge using a question answering (QA) system that supports the CSOs to help answer the citizen inquiries more efficiently. This paper shares our preliminary learnings from the implementation of the pilot QA system, the Citizen Question Answering System (CQAS), and proposes areas for future work to enhance QA systems. This research work contributes to the body of artificial intelligence (AI) applied research in a government setting.
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ItemParticipatory Budgeting Case Studies throughout the Ages: A Longitudinal, Thematic, Systematic Literature Study( 2023-01-03)Budgeting (PB) is often utilized to initiate citizen involvement in governmental processes and familiarize them with public spending. It can help to increase transparency, communication between citizens and government and improve quality of lives of the communities. Other times, it can increase costs with little returns. Overall, we have limited knowledge about PB development trajectories, practices, state of art, and future research possibility. Hence, we have conducted a systematic, longitudinal, thematic literature review, that has examined 92 case studies of PB, and reveals that interest in PB research has been reflective of global movements e.g., the Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street, and the like. The field, however, is also growing in maturity and needs specialized research on PB tools, sustainability, inclusion, amongst other topics.