Volume 35 - May 2001 : Hawaiian Entomological Society

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/7370

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New State Records of Immigrant Insects in the Hawaiian Islands for the Year 1999
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-04) Kumashiro, Bernarr R.; Heu, Ronald A.; Nishida, Gordon M.; Beardsley, John W.
Records are given for 43 species of insects and other small organisms not previously reported to be established in Hawaii. These species were first collected and identified during 1999 or earlier and are now believed to be established in the state. Known information on the taxonomy and biology is provided
Listings of New State Records of Immigrant Insects in the Hawaiian Islands for the Years 1991-1998
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-04) Kumashiro, Bernarr R.; Nishida, Gordon M.; Beardsley, John W.
The last of the listings of the New Immigrant Records (primarily insects) for the state of Hawaii was compiled for the year 1990 in the Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. In this paper, we have compiled the records for the years 1991 to 1998. Following, the numbers of new stale records arc given (in parentheses) for each of the years considered: 1991 (10), 1992 (14). 1993 (1), 1994 (28), 1995 (16), 1996 (27). 1997 (19). and 1998 (17).
lastopsylla occidentalis Taylor (Homoptera: Psyllidae), a New Psyllid Pest of Eucalyptus in Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-04) Beardsley, John W.; Uchidae, G.K.
The First Record of Sophonia rufofascia (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Tahiti
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-04) Polhemus, Daniel C.
Pithitis smaragdula (Fabricius), an Asiatic Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Now Apparently Established on Oahu
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-04) Arakaki, Keith T.; Perreira, William D.; Preston, David J.; Beardsley, John W.
Fiorinia proboscidaria Green, an Armored Scale Insect New to the Hawaiian Fauna (Homoptera: Diaspididae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-04) Beardsley, John W.
A new host record for Lius poseidon Napp (Coleoptera: Buprestidae).
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-04) Conant, Patrick; Hirayama, Clyde
Two new host records for Rhyncopalpus brunellus hampson (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-04) Conant, Patrick; Hirayama, Clyde
Specificity of Liothrips urichi (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) for Clidemia hirta in American Samoa
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-04) Cook, Robert P.
The Discovery of Anagyrus agraensis Saraswat in Hawaii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-04) Beardsley, John W.; Triapitsyn, Serguei
Hyles wilsoni wilsoni (Rothschild) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): Light Trapping in the Olaa Rain Forest, Island of Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-04) Ramadan, Mohsen M.
Seasonal fluctuation in relative abundance of the endemic hawk moth Hyles wilsoni wilsoni (Rothschild) was determined in its natural habitat, the Olaa rain forest (1200 m elevation, 2157 mm average total precipitation/year), Island of Hawaii, using a light trap (fluorescent black-light tube, 10 watts) operated daily from July 1992 until July 1993. The moth was widespread during August, November, and December of 1992, and from February to April of 1993. Moth catch per night peaked in November (0.41 moth/night, mean temperature 16.5°C), February (0.53 moth/night, 14.1°C), and April (0.38 moth/night, 15.8°C). This study indicates that H. wilsoni wilsoni is not as abundant as previously recorded.
iology and Host Specificity of Melittia oedipus (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a Biological Control Agent of Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-04) Chun, Marianne E.
A discussion of the host range testing and a brief description of the biology of Melittia oedipus Oberthiir (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) are presented. This clearwing moth was introduced into Hawaii from Kenya to combat ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae), a noxious vine of East African origin. Host range testing consisted of two parts: exposure of potted plants to adult M. oedipus to test oviposition preference, and placement of fertile eggs or neonate larvae on plants to test larval feeding and development. Test results indicated that M. oedipus is specific to ivy gourd. In larval feeding tests, a very small number of adults completed development on cu cumber (Cucumis sativus) vines. However, oviposition choice tests showed that under field conditions, M. oedipus females would be highly unlikely to lay eggs on cucum ber. Since M. oedipus was released on the island of Oahu in 1996, there has been no record of attack on cucumber or any other nontarget plant.
Attraction of Stoeberhinus testaceus to Oriental Fruit Moth Pheromone
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-05) Jones, Vincent P.; Finson, Naomi N.; Tsuda, Dick M.
During pheromone-based mating disruption studies for suppression of the koa seedworm, Cryptophlebia illepida, and litchi fruit moth, Cryptophlebia ombrodelta, in macadamia nuts, it became apparent that Stoeberhinus testaceus Butler (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) responds to the same pheromone. In plots where mating disruption was being performed, S. testaceus was rarely caught in pheromone traps, while large numbers were caught in adjacent control plots. Response to nonspecific pheromones can result in false trail following. Production of similar pheromones is an indirect method by which an introduced species may affect the population dynamics of other species in a shared habitat.
Effects of Maternal Age and Egg Quality on Mass Rearing of Mediterranean Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-05) Lance, D.R.; Nishimoto, J.I.
Tests were conducted to determine if age of mass reared adult female Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), affected the viability of their offspring. Samples of eggs (0.4 g each) were collected on five consecutive days (4 to 8 d past adult emergence) from individual 660-liter adult colony screen cages and were reared in separate trays containing 0.5 liter of artificial diet. The mean volume of pupae obtained declined steadily with the age of the parents from 297 ± 21 (S.E.) ml per liter of larval diet for day 1 eggs to 158 ± 24 ml/liter for day 5 eggs. Hatch of eggs varied little, indicating that the viability of larvae declined with maternal age. The yield of pupae also varied significantly among replicates (adult cages), ranging from 174 ± 24 to 258 ± 23 ml per liter of diet. In a second test, pupal yield again declined with maternal age, whereas giving females a “break” from oviposition by withholding egging substrates on various schedules had no discernable effect on the relationship between age. In a second test (but not the first), maternal age also had significant effects on a number of quality traits in the progeny, including percentages of hatch, adult emergence, and flight ability. The authors propose that the observed cross-generation effects on insect survival and quality are likely a maternal effect and discuss possible implications of the findings for mass rearing operations.
Feeding on Papaya Flowers Enhances Mating Competitiveness of Male Oriental Fruit Flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-05) Shelly, Todd E.
Males of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), are attracted to and feed on methyl eugenol. The goal of the present study was to determine whether feeding on a methyl eugenol-bearing plant, papaya (Carica papaya L.) would result in a mating advantage for B. dorsalis males. Mating frequencies of males given access to flowers (treated) and flower-deprived males (control) were compared in trials conducted 2 and 7 d after treated males were exposed to the flowers. For both intervals, treated males accounted for a significantly larger number of matings than control males. A second experiment compared female attraction to control and treated males. When at a lek, males display vigorous wing-fanning behavior, presumably to increase dispersal of the sex pheromone. Floral feeding resulted in a significant increase in wing- fanning activity but did not appear to affect the attractiveness of the pheromonal signal per se. A field experiment revealed that male captures in methyl eugenol-baited traps were not reduced by prior feeding on papaya flowers.
Split-Application of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis to Control Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera:Culicidae) without Reducing Lettuce Head Weight in Non-Circulating Hydroponics
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-05) Furutani, S.C.; Arita-Tsutsumi, L.
Vectobac G (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis) application at 1.08 and 0.54g/ m2 to subirrigated pot and suspended forestry tube methods of non-circulating hydroponics in an unreplicated experiment greatly reduced numbers of Asian tiger mos- quito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), larvae and pupae compared to non-treated controls. Both Vectobac G rates, however, reduced lettuce head weight and root growth compared to the control. When the 0.54/m2 rate was applied as a split-application (0.27g/m2 applied 2 weeks apart), A. albopictus larvae and pupae were still controlled throughout the lettuce cropping cycle and lettuce head weight was not significantly affected. Therefore, the split-application of Vectobac G may be an effective strategy to control mosquitos breeding in commercialized non-circulating hydroponic lettuce operations in Hawaii.
Outcrossing and the Mating Competitiveness of Male Mediterranean Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Results from the World’s Oldest Mass-Reared Strain
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-05) Shelly, Todd E.
The Hawaiian HI-LAB strain is the oldest mass-reared strain of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), in the world, and recent laboratory and field data show that HI-LAB males perform poorly in mating competition against wild males. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the mating performance of HI-LAB males could be improved by a single outcrossing event with wild flies (HI-LAB females X wild males). Using field-caged host trees, I monitored male mating success with wild females and found that (1) HI-LAB males had low mating success relative to wild males, (2) F1 hybrid males mated with equal frequency as wild males, and (3) F10 hybrid males had a reduced mating success similar to that recorded for the HI-LAB males. The implications of the present findings for mass-rearing strategies are discussed.
One Hundred Years of Acarology in the Hawaiian Islands
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-05) Swift, Sabina F.
The Hawaiian Archipelago is the most isolated set of islands in the world, located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, 4000 km from the nearest major land mass and 1600 km from the nearest island group (Simon et al., 1984). Its isolation and the presence of diverse aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems including caves (Howarth, 1991), has facilitated evolution of a tremendous number of endemic species (Zimmermann, 1948; Carlquist, 1980). These endemic taxa have become the major focus of ecological, systematic and evolutionary studies. The diversity of the Hawaiian mite fauna is not an exception to this pattern. Although studies on mites have been sporadic, there are a century of studies of mites in the islands. I would like to share with you today how acarology came about in the islands, the many island and off-island biologists, acarologists and entomologists who have contributed to what is now known in the field, and, what lies ahead for our mitey friends.
Distribution and Host Utilization of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Island of Kauai, Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-05) Harris, Ernest J.; Liquido, Nicanor J.; Spencer, John P.
A survey was made on the island of Kauai using hydrolyzed protein traps, fruit traps and monthly fruit collections to determine the distribution, abundance, and host preferences of Bactrocera latifrons Hendel. No B. latifrons were found in protein bait traps that caught B. dorsalis Hendel, B. cucurbitae Coquillet, and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Fruit traps baited with eggplant, Solanum melongena L., and zucchini squash, Cucumis melo L., were used for the first time to detect B. latifrons. B. latifrons was found for the first time on Kauai infesting tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum Miller. In addition to tomato, the fly was found infesting home garden eggplant and pepper, S. nigrum L. B. latifrons was found jointly infesting fruit collections of eggplant, and tomato with B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae, and pepper with B. dorsalis. Also, for the first time in Kauai, B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae were recovered from lei kikania, S. aculeatissimum Jacq. Distribution of the fly was confined primarily to the arid west side of Kauai in low numbers in the towns of Kekaha, Waimea, and Hanapepe. Fruit collections were the most sensitive and reliable indicators of B. latifrons occurrence and host utilization. Niche biology and ecology of B. latifrons is discussed in relation to distribution, habitat and host sharing between species of tephritid fruit flies.
Two New Species and a Key to Simodactylus of Fiji, with a Tribal Reassignment to Physorhinini, and a Distribution Record for S. delfini (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2001-05) Johnson, Paul J.
Simodactylus vanualevu new species and S. gagneorum new species are described from Viti Levu, Fiji. A key is presented to separate the species of Simodactylus recorded from the Fiji Archipelago. Simodactylus delfini is newly recorded from American Samoa. A reassignment of Simodactylus to Physorhinini is given on the basis of larval characters.

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