2005 - Volume 3 : Ethnobotany Research and Applications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/120

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Ethnobotanical Reseach at Analalava, Madagascar: A Photo Essay
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) McClatchey, Will C.; Gollin, Lisa X.; Rakotonandrasana, Stéphan Richard
Finding the Connections between Paleoecology, Ethnobotany, and Conservation in Madagascar
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Burney, David A.
Studying Madagascar’s late prehistoric past can add a useful dimension to ethnobotany research, as it has to conservation efforts. These studies provide evidence that people first arrived about two millennia ago. The plants they brought to Madagascar are predominantly south Asian in origin, including coconut, banana, rice, and hemp, pointing to their probable Indonesian origins. Later plant additions, such as castor bean, came from Africa and reflect a second wave of human migration. The subsequent development of indigenous agriculture was affected by the limitations of climate and soils, and also by the effects of ecological changes that were largely anthropogenic. Additional information on these remote times can be gleaned from early literature, especially Mediterranean and Islamic references. These types of multidisciplinary investigations, aimed at recovering additional early cultural and ecological elements, can have the positive effect of developing stronger ties between ecology and culture in Madagascar, perhaps helping to heal the unfortunate rift between conservation and the social sciences currently so evident there.
Potential Importance of Sociological Tourism for Madagascar’s Protected Areas and Those Who Live Around Them
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Birkinshaw, Chris
Ny Tao-Trano Sy Fiatraikany Eo Amin’Ny Alan’ Analalava
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Rakotomalaza, Pierre Jules (Coca); Henry, John; Robin; Sabotsilahy, Bruno; Jean Claude
Ny Fampiasan’ny Mponina Ny Zavamaniry Azo Atao Sakafo
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Velosoa, Juliette
Valim-Pikarohana Momba Ny Fampiasana Tany Sy Sokajin’ala Amin’ny Fokontany Morarano Mahavelona
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Lehavana, Adolphe; Toto, Eric; Razaka, Rémi Amosa; Toto, Gaston; John, Henri; Tabita, Marie Odette; Soazafy, Céléstine; Dimasy, Justin; Razaka, Emmanuel; Rasoa; Jaqueline
Ny Karazana Aretina Mpahazo Ny Olon-Dehibe Sy Ny Tanora Ao Amin’Ny Tananan’Ny Sahamamy Kaominina Mahavelona Toamasina II
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Rabarison, Harison; Ramanitrahasimbola, David
Fahasalaman’Ny Zaza Sy Ny Fampiasana Zavamaniry Mahasitrana Ao Amin’Ny Tananan’Ny Sahamamy, Mahevelona, Toamasina
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Razafindrabeaza, Thierry; Rabeson, Pascal; Coco; Sabotsilahy, Bruno; Torine, Zaza; Jean Claude; Bany; Jaqueline; Angeline; Clément; Jeannette; Donah; Justin
Asa-Tanana Sy Tao-Zavatra
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Randrianaivo, Richard
Zavamaniry Famantaran-Javatra Ao Amin’Ny FKT Morarano-Mahavelona
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Rakotonandrasana, Stéphan Richard
Ny Fomba Fampiasan’nyankizy Ny Zavamaniry
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Ranjevasoa, Bako Nirina
Ny Varo-Mandeha Amin’Ny Faritra Manodidina Ny Alan’Analalava
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Raharimalala, Fidéle
Ireo Karazana Zavamaniry Tena Fampiasa Amin’Ny Toerana Iray
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Ratovoson, Fidy; Jaona, Henry; Rabemananjara, Justin; Marovavy, Juliette; Antonia, Clara; Jeanne, Marie; Raholiarivelo, Clara Aimé; Razaniry, Emilien; Robena, Ignace; Liva; Rogin; Razanajatovo, Delphin; Fanomezantsoa, Esisy; Rabezanahary, Justin; Velomary; Nirina
An Ethnobotany Research Training Workshop in Madagascar
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) McClatchey, Will; Gollin, Lisa X.
A consortium of conservation groups organized by the Missouri Botanical Garden in 2005 responded to a call for development of conservation areas in Madgascar that would include human communities within them by arranging for a training workshop on ethnobotanical research methods. The authors developed and implemented the workshop with sixteen participating Malagasy researchers. The content of the workshop and analyses of classroom and field components is provided. The workshop participants concluded that the process was very useful for their work in conservation of biological diversity and determined to continue to develop their skills in ethnobotanical research as a group of collaborating scholars.
The Not-So Rosy Periwinkle: Political Dimensions of Medicinal Plant Research
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Harper, Janice
As pharmaceutical companies and conservation groups increasingly recognize the biomedical and economic potential of indigenous medicines from tropical rainforests, romanticized stereotypes of rainforest medicines as inherently beneficial abound. These ideas fail to take into consideration the question of why those living in the rainforest need medicines, and whether or not “traditional” medicines are a “choice” to those who do not have access to pharmaceutical medicines. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of how the study and practice of commodifying indigenous medicines has tended to exclude the structural factors shaping their use in indigenous communities, drawing on 14 months’ ethnographic research on access to medicines near the Ranomafana National Park in southeastern Madagascar. I suggest that researchers and practitioners of conservation and development consider the ways in which “modernizing” tropical rainforest communities shapes patterns of health and illness unevenly, thereby contributing to changing medical “traditions.”
Traditional Healing in the Contemporary Life of the Antanosy People of Madagascar
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Lyon, Linda M.; Hardesty, Linda H.
Traditional healing among the Antanosy people of southeastern Madagascar requires medicinal plants used by highly trained ombiasa (shamen). Given the influence of globalization, we hypothesized diminishing reliance on traditional medicine among the Antanosy. We studied a community and its healer’s views on the current value of traditional medicine compared to past decades and relationships between western medicine and traditional healing. Methods included interviews with ombiasa community members and participant observation. Traditional healing remained important. The numbers of ombiasa and apprentices were stable. Traditional and western medicine were complementary, providing the advantages of both without sacrificing traditional culture. Ombiasa linked the living to the ancestors who strongly influence contemporary Antanosy life. Without the ombiasa and their traditional knowledge of medicinal plants, people’s link to their ancestors, and the ancestors’ influence on the future, would disappear along with the plants essential to traditional healing.
The Madagascar International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG): Using Natural Products Research to Build Science Capacity
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Miller, James S.; Birkinshaw, Christopher; Callmander, Martin
In 1993, the National Institutes of Health funded a program to support multi-institutional partnerships to conduct natural products drug discovery in a manner to support conservation and economic growth. To date, ten International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBG) have been supported. The activities of the Madagascar ICBG project are reviewed, first providing an overview of goals of the program to conduct botanical inventory, conservation analysis, and to collect samples for bioassay in Madagascar’s northern complex, then focusing on efforts to build capacity to conduct these activities within Madagascar. This paper introduces the results of a recently conducted ethnobotanical training program.
Publication of Ethnobotanical Research in Local Languages
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) McClatchey, Will; Winter, Kawika
Current Status of Medicinal Plants used by Traditional Vaidyas in Uttaranchal State of India
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Kala, Chandra Prakash
The current status of medicinal plants used by traditional Vaidyas was studied in Uttaranchal state of India. Information was gathered using semi-structured questionnaires among 60 traditional Vaidyas. They were questioned about the types of ailments treated with plants and the preparation of herbal medical formulations. A total of 243 herbal medical formulations prepared by Vaidyas treating 73 different ailments were documented. Plants were the major ingredients in these medical formulations. 156 medicinal plant species were documented during the survey. Of these 55% were cultivated and 45% were wild species. Of the cultivated species 80% were found growing in the kitchen gardens and 20% in the agricultural fields. The frequency of use of kitchen garden species was highest in preparing the medical formulations as in 243 formulations the relative frequency of use of such species was 87%. The relative frequency of use of the medicinal plants growing in the wild was 55% in preparing herbal medical formulations. There was a sharp decline in the number of traditional Vaidyas through generations. The loss of knowledge on preparing medicine was due to several reasons including the number of Vaidyas coming forward to adopt this traditional healing practice professionally.
Charring Medicinal Plants: A Traditional Method of Preparing Phytomedicines in Southwestern Nigeria
(University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005) Egunyomi, A.; Fasola, T.R.; Oladunjoye, O.
Charring of plant materials is a practice used by traditional Yoruba healers in Southwestern Nigeria. Samples of charred plant treatments were purchased and analyzed for their phytochemical and mineral contents. The results indicate that the treatments studied include important minerals but lack evidence of phytochemicals surviving the charring process. The conclusion is that the treatments may be effective because of minerals in the charred plants.

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