Akutagawa, Malia
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ItemEmpowering Indigenous agency through community-driven collaborative management to achieve effective conservation: Hawai‘i as an example(Pacific Conservation Biology, 2021-01)Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) around the world are increasingly asserting ‘Indigenous agency’ to engage with government institutions and other partners to collaboratively steward ancestral Places. Case studies in Hawai‘i suggest that ‘community-driven collaborative management’ is a viable and robust pathway for IPLCs to lead in the design of a shared vision, achieve conservation targets, and engage government institutions and other organisations in caring for and governing biocultural resources and associated habitats. This paper articulates key forms of Indigenous agency embodied within Native Hawaiian culture, such as kua‘āina, hoa‘āina, and the interrelated values of aloha ‘āina, mālama ‘āina, and kia‘i ‘āina. We also examine how Hawai‘i might streamline the pathways to equitable and productive collaborative partnerships through: (1) a better understanding of laws protecting Indigenous rights and practices; (2) recognition of varied forms of Indigenous agency; and (3) more deliberate engagement in the meaningful sharing of power. We contend that these partnerships can directly achieve conservation and sustainability goals while transforming scientific fields such as conservation biology by redefining research practices and underlying norms and beliefs in Places stewarded by IPLCs. Further, collaborative management can de-escalate conflicts over access to, and stewardship of, resources by providing IPLCs avenues to address broader historical legacies of environmental and social injustice while restoring elements of self-governance. To these ends, we propose that government agencies proactively engage with IPLCs to expand the building of comprehensive collaborative management arrangements. Hawai‘i provides an example for how this can be achieved.
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ItemGovernor's Molokaʻi Subsistence Task Force Final Report(The Molokaʻi Subsistence Task Force and The Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism, State of Hawaiʻi, 1994)
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ItemContemporary Subsistence Fishing Practices Around Kahoʻolawe(NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries Program, 1997)
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ItemMolokaʻi Agriculture Needs Assessment, A Molokai-pedia Project of Sustʻāinable Molokai(Sust ʻāina ble Molokaʻi, 2012)
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ItemHoʻi Hou I Ka Iwikuamoʻo: A Legal Primer for the Protection of Iwi Kūpuna in Hawaiʻi Nei(William S. Richardson School of Law, 2013)
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ItemFeasibility of a Non-Commercial Marine Fishing Registry, Permit, or License System in Hawaiʻi(Division of Aquatic Resources, State of Hawaiʻi, 2016)
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ItemNā Kai Poʻoloʻoloʻu o Molokaʻi: The Turbulent Seas of Molokaʻi(Extracurricular Press, 2019)
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ItemTraditional & Customary Practices Report for Manaʻe, Molokaʻi(Office of Hawaiian Affairs, 2016-02)Over the years, the people of Manaʻe (East Molokaʻi) have witnessed a notable decline in the health of their watershed. A significant part of this declining health is the degradation of the mauka native forests, which has subsequently had a drastic effect on all of the ahupuaʻa of Manaʻe, from mauka to makai. Ensuring the well-being of these mauka areas is essential to the preservation and perpetuation of Native Hawaiian traditional and customary practices carried out in the moku (district), given the symbiotic relationship between the people and their ʻāina. Thus, Manaʻe residents are passionate about protecting their moku and the resources that sustain them. It is their protectiveness of their island – that often puts them at odds with each other in deciding how best to care for her – which is at the core of this report. In 2013, the East Molokaʻi Watershed Partnership presented the draft East Slope Watershed Start-Up Management Plan (“East Slope Management Plan”) to the Manaʻe community, and proposed the possibility of protecting Manaʻe’s mauka rainforests with an expanded fencing project. That plan was based on the recognition that the degradation of these mauka areas was largely attributable to an influx of habitat altering invasive plant and animal species that have significantly impacted native forests, the life that inhabits them, and the freshwater they foster. The proposed fence has elicited strong reactions from the Manaʻe community – both for and against such a fence. It also has caused some community members to call for additional planning that looks at the entire moku and all of its ahupuaʻa, from mauka to makai. In response to these strong reactions, the planning process to create this report was undertaken.
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ItemHealth Impact Assessment of the Proposed Moʻomomi Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Area(The Kohala Center, 2016-03)Hawai‘i State law provides pathways for island communities to apply for the designation of Community-Based Subsistence Fishing Areas (CBSFAs), allowing for comanagement of culturally significant and/or cologically vulnerable nearshore fisheries by the state and local communities. In the early 1990s residents of the Island of Moloka‘i expressed concern about Native Hawaiians’ rights to exercise traditional cultural fishing practices in nearshore environments. A task force report, commissioned in 1994 by then- Governor John Waihe‘e, recommended that the Mo‘omomi fishery area along the northwest coast of Moloka‘i serve as a demonstration area, in which fishing activities would be managed by the Ho‘olehua Homestead community primarily for subsistence rather than commercial use. The Hawai‘i State Legislature passed Hawai‘i Revised Statute §188-22.6 that same year, authorizing the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) to designate CBSFAs and implement management strategies “for the purpose of reaffirming and protecting fishing practices customarily and traditionally exercised for the purposes of [N]ative Hawaiian subsistence, culture, and religion.” Fish and other marine life are prominent staples of traditional Hawaiian diets, and overfishing, commercial harvesting methods, and a gradual movement away from the Hawaiian mahele system of sharing and other ancestral practices were identified as threats to community and cultural food security. Despite the passage of legislation more than 20 years ago, the proposed Mo‘omomi CBSFA remained a pilot project. Currently Hui Mālama O Mo‘omomi, a community organization based on Moloka‘i, is in the process of advancing a formal proposal to make traditional subsistence harvesting practices legally enforceable in the designated area of Moloka‘i’s north shore. This Health Impact Assessment seeks to provide information that will help evaluate the CBSFA proposal by taking into consideration potential effects of CBSFA status on community well-being. The authors also hope that the findings and recommendations of an HIA particular to the Mo‘omomi area may also prove relevant to CBSFA proposals from other regions of the state where such co-management strategies are being considered.