Volume 24, Nos. 2 & 3 – 1983 : Hawaiian Entomological Society

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10125/10666

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Description of Hamakua Pamakani Plume Moth from Hawaii (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Yano, Koji; Heppner, John B.
A new plume moth, Oidaematophorus beneficus n. sp., is described and figured. This plume moth has been introduced from Mexico to control a weed, Ageratina riparia (Regel) K. & R., known as Hamakua pamakani in Hawaii. This is the first record of the genus from Hawaii.
Spatial Distribution of the Migrants of the Corn Delphacid, Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in Cornfields
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Takara, J.; Nishida, T.
Spatial distribution of the migrants of the corn delphacid in plantings of corn used for silage was determined by sampling population density at sites throughout fields. By this means, migrants were found to aggregate along borders of fields. There were variations to this pattern, but the same borders were generally infested in successive plantings of the same field. Within each field, population density decreased continuously with distance from the borders. This decline was shown to be described by the relationship log(m) = log(a)+bx, where m is the average number of migrants per plant at distance, x (in meters), from the edge, and a is the average per plant at the field edge. Calculation of b, the regression coefficient, and use of this information in pest surveillance are described.
The Biology, Host Range, Parasites, and Hyperparasites of Koa Seed Insects in Hawaii: a Review
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Stein, John D.
The biology and host range of koa seed insects, their parasites, and hyperparasites in Hawaii are reviewed. The information reported may be applicable to other native or introduced legumes because of the wide host range of a few of the insects.
Insects Infesting Acacia koa (Legumosae) and Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) in Hawaii: Annotated List
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Stein, John D.
Phytophagous insects associated with Acacia koa and Metrosideros polymorpha in Hawaii are listed. Information on their distribution within the State and mode of damage to host is included.
A New Rhamphothrips from Hawaii, Jamaica and Florida, and Notes on R. pomeroyi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Sakimura, K.
Rhamphothrips pandens Sakimura, new species, was first collected in 1966 on Oahu and Kauai of the Hawaiian Islands. The same species was also found in Jamaica and Florida. R. pomeroyi (Moulton) was restudied.
Development of the Orchid Weevil, Orchidophilus aterrimus (Waterhouse)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Mau, Ronald F.L.
Orchidophilus aterrimus (Waterhouse) is a weevil pest of Vanda, Dendrobium, Phalaenopsis, and other orchids in Hawaii. Development of all immature stages usually occurred within orchid pseudobulbs. Eggs were deposited into cavities made by adult feeding and hatched in an average of 11.3 days. Larval development was completed in approximately 117 days. Larvae pupated in cells within the gallery. The pupal stadium averaged 15.9 days. The entire life cycle required an average of 144 days. A 47 day preoviposition period was observed. Females laid an average of 2.4 eggs per week during their lifespan. Feeding and oviposition occurred primarily during daylight hours.
Microenvironmental Factors Regulating the Flight of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki in Hawaii (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Leong, KLH; Tamashiro, M.; Yates, J.; Su, N.Y.
Wind velocity, light intensity, soil temperature, vapor pressure deficit in the colony, vapor pressure deficit at the surface of the flight slits, and vapor pressure deficit at 1 m above the soil were measured during the swarming season. The vapor pressure deficits and soil temperature were not critical factors for flight since they were in a favorable range during the observation period. Light intensity had to drop to 10.8 lumen/m2 before flight was initiated. Flight was terminated when the light was reduced to 0.14 lumen/m2. Light intensity, however, was not limiting since the intensity dropped every evening. The key microenvironmental factor regulating flight was the wind velocity at the flight slits. Flight was initiated if the wind velocity was below 3.7 km/h. If the wind increased to over 3.7 km/h after flight was started, flight was terminated.
Living Plants in Hawaii Attacked by Coptotermes formosanus
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Lai, P.Y.; Tamashiro, M.; Yates, J.R.; Su, N.Y.; Fujii, J.K.; Ebesu, R.H.
Forty-seven species of living plants in 27 families were found infested by Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki in Hawaii. The symptoms caused by the infestations were dependent on the mode of attack. Although an actual value was not placed on the economic losses caused by the attacks, evidence indicates that the losses are substantial.
Sudan Red 7B, a Dye Marker for Coptotermes formosanus
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Lai, P.Y.; Tamashiro, M.; Fujii, J.K.; Yates, J.R.; Su, N.Y.
Of 9 dyes fed to workers of Coptotermes formosanus, only oil soluble Deep Black BB and Sudan Red 7B stained the termites sufficiently and were retained long enough to be useful as markers. Workers fed Red 7B, however, absorbed the dye faster, retained the dye longer and had a lower mortality rate than those fed Deep Black BB. Red 7B was found in the fat bodies, mid- and hindguts, muscles, brain, and in the protozoa, but not in Malpighian tubules and tracheal matrix. The density of the termites in the staining chamber seemed to affect the depth of staining and the numbers of protozoa in the termite. The termites stained at a density of 900 individuals per petri dish stained more deeply and better than those stained at 100 individuals per petri dish. Moreover, the numbers of protozoa in the termites stained at the 900 termite density were higher than in termites stained at 100 per petri dish. Red 7B demonstrated all the characteristics required for a suitable marker for C formosanus.
Abundance and Distribution of the Three Species of Symbiotic Protozoa in the Hindgut of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Lai, P.Y.; Tamashiro, M.; Fujii, J.K.
Workers, soldiers, nymphs and alates of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, all harbored the same 3 species of protozoa. Workers, nymphs, and alates had a larger number of protozoa than the soldiers. The relative abundance of the protozoa differed in the different castes. In the worker, Holomastigotoides hartmanni Koidzumi was the predominant species in numbers, followed by Pseudotrichonympha grassii Koidzumi and Spirotrichonympha leidyi Koidzumi while in the alate. S. leidyi was predominant. Each protozoan species apparently occupied a more or less specific location in the worker's hindgut. P. grassii was predominant in the first pouch, H. hartmanni in the second, and H. hartmanni and S. leidyi in the third pouch and excreta. This may indicate a difference in digestive roles of the protozoa and/or a difference in the oxygen requirements of the 3 species. There were no significant differences in the total number of protozoa found in the workers from 3 different colonies.
Efficacy of Nephaspis amnicola and Encarsia haitiensis in Controlling Aleurodicus dispersus in Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Kumashiro, B.R.; Lai, P.Y.; Funasaki, G.Y.; Teramoto, K.K.
The introduction and establishment of Nephaspis amnicola and Encarsia ?haitiensis have resulted in successful biological control of Aleurodicus dispersus in lowland and highland Honolulu. N. amnicola was more effective in reducing high whitefly populations and E ?haitiensis was more effective in low whitefly populations. The peak population densities of A. dispersus were reduced by 79.0% from 1980 through 1981 in lowland Honolulu, and by 98.8% from 1980 through 1981 in highland Honolulu. In addition, rainfall and temperature may have played an important role in regulating the whitefly populations, and previously established predators may have also contributed in reducing high whitefly populations.
Gamma Radiation Treatment for Disinfestation of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly in California Grown Fruits. I. Stone Fruits
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Kaneshiro, K.Y.; Ohta, A.T.; Kurihara, J.S.; Kanegawa, K.M.; Nagamine, L.R.
A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of gamma irradiation for disinfesting California grown stone fruits which contain eggs and larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly, C. capitata. Several varieties of plums, peaches, and nectarines, and one variety each of cherries and apricots were investigated. It was found that the different varieties of fruits as well as fruit quality, i.e., ripeness, water content, bruised areas on the fruit, may have a pronounced effect on the effectiveness of the gamma radiation treatment. However, despite varying degrees of survival due to fruit quality, in all of the egg hatchability and larval survival studies, none of the treated individuals survived to emerge as adults at dosages less than 0.60 kGy. Our studies indicate that the gamma radiation technology might indeed be considered a possible alternative to quarantine treatment with chemical fumigants such as ethylene dibromide (EDB).
Classical Biocontrol: Panacea or Pandora's Box
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Howarth, Francis G.
Swarming of the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki in Hawaii (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Higa, Stanley Y.; Tamashiro, Minoru
Light trap collections monitored weekly over a 2-year period on Oahu indicated that major swarming of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki occurred from April to July. The heaviest swarms occurred in May. Smaller flights occurred irregularly throughout the entire year. Population densities of C. formosanus were higher on the leeward side of the island than on the windward side. Swarming of Cryptotermes brevis Walker and Incisitermes immigrans (Snyder) generally paralleled that of C. formosanus except that the peaks occurred 1 to 2 months later in the year.
Robertsomyia an Aberrant New Genus of Phytalmiini from Papua New Guinea (Tephritidae: Diptera)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Hardy, D. Elmo
A remarkable new genus and species, Robertsomyia paradoxa, is described from Papua New Guinea and the Characteristics of the tribe Phytalmiini are discussed.
Observations of the Biologies and Interrelationships of Parasites Attacking the Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (West.), in Hawaii
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Gerling, Dan
Prospaltella transvena, Eretmocerus nr. haldemani, Encarsia formosa and Aleurodophilus pergandiellus were recovered as parasites of Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Sonchus oleraceus and Emilia spp. on Oahu between January and May 1980. Parsitization often was close to 100%. The first three parasite species were relatively abundant; the last was rare. High parasitization was probably one factor limiting whitefly infestations on these plant species. Multiple parasitism involving Encarsia type parasites and Eretmocerus was frequent, probably because the latter lays eggs externally and the former, internally. Superparasitism by Eretmocerus was rare. Superparasitism by the "Encarsia type" parasites (Encarsia, Aleurodophilus and Prospaltella) was more frequent, but was indistinguishable, in part, from male hyperparasitism.
Resistance to Lindane, Malathion and Fenitrothion in Coleopterous Pests of Stored Products in New Caledonia
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Brun, L.O.; Attia, F.I.
Field strains of Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais were studied for their response to lindane, malathion and fenitrothion. Bioassay tests were conducted using the insecticide-impregnated filter paper method according to the standard technique recommended by F.A.O. The synergist triphenyl phospate was used to check for malathion specific resistance. Several strains of T. castaneum were resistant to lindane and malathion, with specific malathion resistance, R. dominica were susceptible to lindane but resistant to malathion and fenitrothion, O. surina mensis were diagnosed resistant to the three compounds tested. The last two species were non-malathion specific resistant. All Sitophilus spp. strains tested were susceptible to lindane, malathion and fenitrothion.
Pseudomale Courtship Behavior of the Female Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983) Arita, Lorna H.; Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y.
Virgin laboratory females of the Mediterranean fruit fly perform a series of behavioral actions which closely resembles the courtship repertoire of their males. This pseudomale courtship behavior occurs when females are separated from males at eclosion and maintained beyond their optimum sexual period. It is postulated that under these conditions, females exhibit behavioral actions which may possibly enhance their chances of mating during periods when potential mates may be less frequent in the natural population.
24:2-3 Proceedings - PHES
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983)
24:2-3 Table of Contents - PHES
(Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983)

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