Ecological Economic Modeling of Coral Reefs: Evaluating Tourist Overuse at Hanauma Bay and Algae Blooms at the Kihei Coast, Hawai'i
Ecological Economic Modeling of Coral Reefs: Evaluating Tourist Overuse at Hanauma Bay and Algae Blooms at the Kihei Coast, Hawai'i
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2004-04
Authors
van Beukering, Pieter J.H.
Cesar, Herman S.J.
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University of Hawai'i Press
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In this paper we present the first ecological economic model of coral
reefs in Hawai'i. This model contains the main elements required to assess the
full picture of coral reef management and thereby enables scientists and managers
to evaluate ecological and economic impacts effectively. The model is applied
to two case studies, tourist overuse in Hanauma Bay, O'ahu, and algae
blooms along the Kihei coast, Maui. The Hanauma study showed that visitors
are willing to pay much more for their experience (around $10) than they are
currently doing and that the net benefits of the education program (around $100
million) greatly exceed the cost of the program (around $23 million) over time.
The Kihei coast study concluded that the algae problem causes large losses of
real estate value and hotel business and that mitigation could result in benefits of
$30 million over time. This would justify major investments in lowering nutrient
discharges in the coastal zone.
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van Beukering PJH, Cesar HSJ. 2004. Ecological economic modeling of coral reefs: evaluating tourist overuse at Hanauma Bay and algae blooms at the Kihei coast, Hawai'i. Pac Sci 58(2): 243-260.
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