WRRCTR No.118 A Climatology of Mountain Fog on Mauna Loa, Hawai’i Island
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1978-06
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Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa
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Abstract
This study of the mountain cloud and fog regimes on the windward and leeward slopes of Mauna Loa, Hawai'i Island (1) develops a standardized louvered-screen, fog-catchment gage; (2) develops an indirect approximation method for estimating average droplet sizes during precipitation episodes and for separating the rainfall and fog components; (3) establishes an extensive fog sampling network on the windward and leeward slopes of Mauna Loa; and (4) develops an original computer program for detailed temporal and spatial analyses of rainfall, fog, and wind parameters. An analysis of data for the 1974 to 1976 period yielded the following conclusions: (1) a well-defined fog belt exists on windward Mauna Loa in the altitudinal zone between 1 500 to 2 500 m with fog-catchment amounts as great as one-half the rainfall, or about 750 mm; (2) mountain fog on leeward Mauna Loa increases with elevation up to at least 2 000 m, with fog amounts equivalent to one-fourth the rainfall, or about 250 mm; (3) seasonal and altitudinal patterns in fog frequency and catchment amounts are related to the dynamic interaction of the tradewind field (particularly the tradewind inversion) and the local land/sea breeze regime; (4) mountain fog. appears to be a significant factor in the water balance of mountain ecosystems on Mauna Loa; and (5) the potential for large-scale mechanical recovery of fog water may exist for selected locations on Mauna Loa.
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Keywords
orographic clouds, fog precipitation, water balance, mountain ecosystem, Hawaii, fog regime, louvered fog gage, fog gage network, Mauna Loa, Mauna Loa (Hawaii Island, Hawaii), Mountain fog -- Hawaii -- Hawaii Island -- Measurement., Orographic clouds -- Hawaii -- Hawaii Island., Precipitation gauges -- Design and construction.
Citation
Juvik JO, Ekern PC. 1978. A climatology of mountain fog on Mauna Loa, Hawai’i Island. Honolulu (HI): Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa. WRRC technical report, 118.
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X + 70 pages
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