SIMULATING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON UH MĀNOA LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA L.) GROWTH BY MODIFYING AIR TEMPERATURE, SOIL WATER AVAILABILITY, AND ATMOSPHERIC CO₂ CONCENTRATION
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2023
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Plant species are adapted to survive under specific ranges of air temperature, soil water availability, and atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Climate change-induced shifts in these environmental conditions have the potential to significantly affect nearly all terrestrial plants. Many studies have explored the impacts of changing one or two of the conditions listed above, but few have examined the combined effects of all three. To study the interactive effects of the three environmental conditions, 350 UH Mānoa lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants were grown in indoor growth chambers. Within the chambers, plants were grown under ambient (~430-520 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) atmospheric CO₂ concentration, 60-100% of maximum soil water content, and 20-36 °C air temperature for 21 days. At the end of this period, the leaves of each plant were removed, dried, and weighed. Percent plant mortality and leaf nitrogen content percentage were also measured. Across all combinations of temperature and water availability, elevated CO₂ concentrations resulted in increased leaf mass production and decreased percent mortality. Percent mortality increased and leaf mass production decreased under high temperatures and both high and low water availability. The combination of environmental conditions that produced the largest amount of biomass was 700 ppm CO₂, 80% of soil water capacity, and 24 °C, while the treatment that produced the least amount was ambient CO₂, 60% of soil water capacity, and 36 °C. Nitrogen content percentage increased under high temperatures and high water availability. These results suggest that although increased atmospheric CO₂ levels have the potential to promote lettuce growth, lettuce yield is still likely to decrease in many regions due to the negative effects of high temperatures, drought, and flooding.
Keywords: Lettuce, heat stress, water stress, CO₂ enrichment
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ABSTRACT
Plant species are adapted to survive under specific ranges of air temperature, soil water availability, and atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Climate change-induced shifts in these environmental conditions have the potential to significantly affect nearly all terrestrial plants. Many studies have explored the impacts of changing one or two of the conditions listed above, but few have examined the combined effects of all three. To study the interactive effects of the three environmental conditions, 350 UH Mānoa lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants were grown in indoor growth chambers. Within the chambers, plants were grown under ambient (~430-520 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) atmospheric CO₂ concentration, 60-100% of maximum soil water content, and 20-36 °C air temperature for 21 days. At the end of this period, the leaves of each plant were removed, dried, and weighed. Percent plant mortality and leaf nitrogen content percentage were also measured. Across all combinations of temperature and water availability, elevated CO₂ concentrations resulted in increased leaf mass production and decreased percent mortality. Percent mortality increased and leaf mass production decreased under high temperatures and both high and low water availability. The combination of environmental conditions that produced the largest amount of biomass was 700 ppm CO₂, 80% of soil water capacity, and 24 °C, while the treatment that produced the least amount was ambient CO₂, 60% of soil water capacity, and 36 °C. Nitrogen content percentage increased under high temperatures and high water availability. These results suggest that although increased atmospheric CO₂ levels have the potential to promote lettuce growth, lettuce yield is still likely to decrease in many regions due to the negative effects of high temperatures, drought, and flooding.
Keywords: Lettuce, heat stress, water stress, CO₂ enrichment
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Yos, Nicholas
Yos, Nicholas
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