ADS5-004 1 ji ji ji one cardnum one cardnum one 2 duaʔ duaʔ duaʔ two cardnum two cardnum two 3 təloʔ təloʔ təloʔ three cardnum three cardnum three 4 pat pat pat four cardnum four cardnum four 5 limaʔ limaʔ limaʔ five cardnum five cardnum five 6 nəm nəm nəm six cardnum six cardnum six 7 tusu tusu tusu seven cardnum seven cardnum seven 8 sayaʔ sayaʔ sayaʔ eight cardnum eight cardnum eight 9 pitan pitan pitan nine cardnum nine cardnum nine 10 pulu pulu pulu ten cardnum ten cardnum ten 11 pulu pulu pulu ten cardnum ten cardnum ji ji ji one cardnum one cardnum eleven 12 pulu pulu pulu ten cardnum ten cardnum duaʔ duaʔ duaʔ two cardnum two cardnum twelve 13 duaʔ duaʔ duaʔ two cardnum two cardnum pulu pulu pulu ten cardnum ten cardnum twenty 14 duaʔ duaʔ duaʔ two cardnum two cardnum pulu pulu pulu ten cardnum ten cardnum ji ji ji one cardnum one cardnum twenty one 15 pitan pitan pitan nine cardnum nine cardnum pulu pulu pulu ten cardnum ten cardnum pitan pitan pitan nine cardnum nine cardnum Ninety Nine 16 ji ji ji one cardnum one cardnum atuh atuh atuh hundred cardnum hundred cardnum one hundred 17 ji ji ji one cardnum one cardnum ribu ribu ribu thousand cardnum thousand cardnum one thousand 18 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro I, me 19 itam itam itam 1pl.incl pro 1pl.incl pro We, us inclusive 20 kameʔ kameʔ kameʔ 1pl.excl pro 1pl.excl pro We, us exclusive 21 ituʔ ituʔ ituʔ 1d.incl pro 1d.incl pro The two of us, inclusive. 22 kameʔ kameʔ kameʔ 1pl.excl pro 1pl.excl pro We, us, exclusive. 23 kawaʔ kawaʔ kawaʔ 1dl.excl pro 1dl.excl pro The two of us, exclusive. 24 kəloʔ kəloʔ kəloʔ 2pc pro 2pc pro You all, paucal. 25 kəloʔ kəloʔ kəloʔ 2pc pro 2pc pro 2pl 26 hinoʔ h- h- at Inflects any category inoʔ inoʔ where interrog where interrog kəloʔ kəloʔ kəloʔ 2pc pro 2pc pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ? where do you all want to eat? 27 kameʔ kameʔ kameʔ 1pl.excl pro 1pl.excl pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v te te te go v go v kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v We exclusive want to go to eat. 28 kaloʔ kaloʔ kaloʔ 1pc.excl pro 1pc.excl pro We, us paucal exclusive 29 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro you 30 kuaʔ kuaʔ kuaʔ 2dl pro 2dl pro the two of you 31 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro he/she 32 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v He is eating 33 dahawaʔ dahawaʔ dahawaʔ 2dl pro 2dl pro The two of them. 34 dahawaʔ dahawaʔ dahawaʔ 2dl pro 2dl pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v . The two of them are eating. 35 dahaloʔ dahaloʔ dahaloʔ 3pc pro 3pc pro They, them, paucal 36 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro They, them 37 aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v They are still eating. 38 uma uma uma house n house n , uma uma uma house n house n akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro house, my house (considered more formal with the full form of the pronoun. Not for daily conversation) 39 uma uma uma house n house n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my house. (better for daily conversation) 40 uma uma uma house n house n ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro your house 41 uma uma uma house n house n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro Your house. 42 uma uma uma house n house n anih anih anih this dem this dem this house. 43 uma uma uma house n house n ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro his house. 44 * uma uma uma house n house n haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep * 45 uma uma uma house n house n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his house. 46 uma uma uma house n house n itam itam itam 1pl.incl pro 1pl.incl pro our incl house 47 uma uma uma house n house n tam tam tam 1pl.incl.gen pro 1pl.incl.gen pro our incl house 48 uma uma uma house n house n kameʔ kameʔ kameʔ 1pl.excl pro 1pl.excl pro Our exclusive house 49 uma uma uma house n house n kameʔ kameʔ kameʔ 1pl.excl pro 1pl.excl pro our excl house 50 * uma uma uma house n house n ameʔ (no gen form of kame') 51 uma uma uma house n house n kəloʔ kəloʔ kəloʔ 2pc pro 2pc pro You all paucal's house. (no specific gen form) 52 uma uma uma house n house n dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro Their house (no specific gen form) 53 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v I am eating. 54 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v I already ate. 55 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v I did not eat. 56 au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro I already ate 57 au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ? I already ate. 58 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v I will not eat / I am not eating / I do not eat / I did not eat. 59 au au au already adv already adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v did you eat already? 60 au au au already adv already adv ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v Did you already eat? 61 au au au already adv already adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ? I already ate. 62 au au au already adv already adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ? I already ate. 63 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v I already ate. 64 au au au already adv already adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v Did you already eat? (soudns like a question to El) 65 au au au already adv already adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ? did you eat yet? 66 au au au already adv already adv ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ? Did you already eat? 67 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v you already ate. 68 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v you already ate. 69 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v au au au already adv already adv ? *You already ate 70 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v What did you eat? 71 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v What did you already eat? 72 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v What did /are /will you eat. (tense/aspect not specified) 73 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv what will you eat later? 74 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv I will eat later 75 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv I will eat later. 76 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv (The semantics are incompatible) 77 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I just ate (ngahep deh together means something else, not 'later') 78 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv I will not eat later. 79 hi hi hi who interrog who interrog kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n who ate the uncooked rice? 80 hi hi hi who interrog who interrog kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n who ate the cooked rice? 81 hi hi hi who interrog who interrog au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem Who already ate this rice? 82 * au au au already adv already adv hi hi hi who interrog who interrog kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem 83 * au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v hi hi hi who interrog who interrog kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem 84 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem atau atau atau or coordconn or coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v atih atih atih that.med dem that dem did you eat this or did you eat that? 85 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem atau atau atau or coordconn or coordconn atih atih atih that.med dem that dem did you eat this or that? 86 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem atau atau atau or coordconn or coordconn (needs two things) 87 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem atau atau atau or coordconn or coordconn atih atih atih that.med dem that dem . I eat this or that. 88 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem you can eat this. 89 dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem Can you eat this? (intended as you can eat this) 90 dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem can you eat this? 91 dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem Can you eat this? 92 eeʔ eeʔ eeʔ yes n yes n yes 93 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv no 94 dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb can (as a responce to a quesiton) 95 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem . I do not eat this. 96 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem I can not eat this. 97 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem I can eat this. 98 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro eeʔ eeʔ eeʔ yes n yes n dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem (intended I yes can eat this) 99 eeʔ eeʔ eeʔ yes n yes n , akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem yes, I can eat this. 100 * kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem (indented 'you can eat this'. cannot have gen form in initial position) 101 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv I will not eat later. 102 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv I will not eat later. ADS5-005 1 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem I read this book. 2 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I read this book yesterday. 3 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem I read this book yesterday. 4 dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yesterday I read this book. 5 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem I yesterday read this book. 6 dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yesterday I already read this book. 7 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt au au au already adv already adv basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem I yesterday already read this book. 8 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem *I already yesterday read this book. 9 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem I already read yesterday this book. 10 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I already read this book yesterday. 11 au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem I already read this book. 12 au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem I already read this book. 13 au au au already adv already adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem I already read this book. 14 au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem I already read this book. (attempted to get a judgement on the use of aku, but was corrected to akuy) 15 * au au au already adv already adv aku basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v (again, an attempt to get a judgement on aku is corrected) 16 au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v I already read 17 * aku (Not a Kayan word) 18 dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yesterday already I read this book. 19 # au au au already adv already adv dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Already yesterday I read this book. (acceptability depends on the presence of a pause after 'au'. As spoken, without a pause, it is not acceptable) 20 au au au already adv already adv , dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Already, yesterday I ready this book. 21 au au au already adv already adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem did you read this book? 22 au au au already adv already adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem did you read this book? 23 au au au already adv already adv ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Did you read this book? 24 au au au already adv already adv , dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yes (already), yesterday I read this book. 25 au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yes (already), I yesterday read this book. 26 au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yes (already), I yesterday read this book. 27 dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt au au au already adv already adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yesterday I already read this book. 28 dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt au au au already adv already adv ku basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yesterday, I alrady read this book (note that the acceptability of ku here may not be indicative of the presence of ku in the language) 29 dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yesterday I alrady read this book. (as a response to a question) 30 au au au already adv already adv dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yes (already), yesterday I alrady read this book. (As a response to a question) 31 au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem 32 au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yes (already), I read this book yesterday. (as the response to a question. The question should be specifically 'have you already read this book') 33 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n I read a book. (as a response to the question 'what did you do yesterday?) 34 # au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem I already read this book yesterday (it is odd as a response to the question 'what did you do yesterday. 'au' is not needed) 35 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I read this book yesterday. (as a response to 'what did you do yesterday') 36 # dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yesterday I already read this book. (again, odd to use 'au' in a response to 'what did you do yesterday) 37 dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v bup bup bup book n book n anih anih anih this dem this dem Yesterday I read this book. (a better response to 'what did you do yesterday') 38 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I saw you yesterday 39 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro *I saw yesterday you 40 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I yesterday saw you. 41 dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro Yesterday I saw you. 42 * dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro *Yesterday saw I you (intended meaning 'yesterday I saw you') 43 * dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Yesterday saw you I (intended meaning 'yesterday I saw you') 44 * ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro *Saw I you (VSO) 45 * ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ? *Saw you I (VOS) 46 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I saw a snake yesterday 47 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n *I saw yesterday a snake 48 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n I saw a snake! 49 ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro The snake saw me. 50 ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro the snake did not see me. 51 # ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v That snake, I did not see (intended interpretation is that snake did not see me, but with this ordering akuy is the subject and the snake is a fronted object) 52 ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v That snake, I did not see (intended interpretation is that snake did not see me, but with this ordering akuy is the subject and the snake is a fronted object) 53 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro The snake does not see me. 54 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v *I dont that snake see (SOV) 55 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v *I dont see that snake (SOV with neg in sentence initial position) 56 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v *I don't see that snake (OSV with neg in initial position) 57 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v , teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro did that snake see me? 58 ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Did that snake see me? 59 ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ? Did that snake see me? 60 * ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v *did that snake see me (SVO with existential marker at the end) 61 ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Did that snake see me (SVO with existential marker after the verb, before the object) 62 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Does the snake see me? 63 eeʔ eeʔ eeʔ yes n yes n ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro yes, the snake sees me. (responding to 'did the snake see me?) 64 eeʔ eeʔ eeʔ yes n yes n ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro yes, the snake sees me. 65 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv , jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro no, the snake did not see you. (responding to the question 'did the snake see me?) 66 jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n There is no snake. 67 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n hinən h- h- at Inflects any category inən inən there.dist dem that.dist dem there is a snake there. 68 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v kəlunan kəlunan kəlunan person n person n hinih h- h- at Inflects any category inih inih here dem this dem Is there a person here? 69 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v kəlunan kəlunan kəlunan person n person n ha ha ha at prep at prep uma uma uma house n house n is there a person home? 70 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v kəlunan kəlunan kəlunan person n person n ha ha ha at prep at prep uma uma uma house n house n Is there a person home? 71 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n ha ha ha at prep at prep itih itih itih there.med dem there.med dem There is a snake there. 72 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n ha ha ha at prep at prep itih itih itih there.med dem there.med dem ? is there a snake there? 73 jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n ha ha ha at prep at prep itih itih itih there.med dem there.med dem there is no snake there. 74 jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n ha ha ha at prep at prep itih itih itih there.med dem there.med dem There is no snake there. 75 * teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n ha ha ha at prep at prep itih itih itih there.med dem there.med dem *the snake did not see me (existential cannot precede negative existential) 76 jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n ha ha ha at prep at prep itih itih itih there.med dem there.med dem There is not a snake there. 77 * teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n ha ha ha at prep at prep itih itih itih there.med dem there.med dem *there is not a snake there (the neg.exist can precede the exist, still meaning is not there, but the exist cannot precede the neg.exist) 78 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Does that snake see me? 79 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro No, the snake did not see you. 80 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv , ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro no, the snake did not see you. 81 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv , jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ ɲipaʔ snake n snake n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro No, the snake did not see you. 82 jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I didn't see you 83 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I didn't see you 84 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I did not see you 85 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I did not see you 86 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I did not see you yesterday. 87 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I did not see you yesterday. 88 * jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n *I do not see you tomorrow. (the negative existential is incompatible with future) 89 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n I will not see you tomorrow. 90 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I didn't see you yesterday. 91 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I didn't see you yesterday. 92 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I have seen you 93 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I have seen you yesterday. 94 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n *I have seen you tomorrow (the existential is also incompatible with future.) 95 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n I will see you tomorrow. 96 ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n I will see you tomorrow. 97 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro *I will see you tomorrow (I will see tomorrow you) 98 ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I will see you tomorrow 99 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I will see you tomorrow. 100 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I will see you tomorrow 101 jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I will see you tomorrow 102 jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I will see you tomorrow. 103 jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I will see you tomorrow. 104 jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n , jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro Tomorrow, Tomorrow I will see you (with gen form of subject pronoun) 105 * ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro *I will see you tomorrow (will tomorrow I see you) 106 ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I will see you tomorrow. 107 * ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro *I will see you tomorrow (will I see tomorrow you) 108 ne ne ne 1 will? preverb will? preverb akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro jima jima jima tomorrow n tomorrow n I will see you tomorrow. 109 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v bup bup bup book n book n I have a book. 110 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro hipun hipun hipun have v have v bup bup bup book n book n I have a book. 111 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v bup bup bup book n book n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I don't have a book. 112 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v bup bup bup book n book n I don't have a book. 113 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v bup bup bup book n book n *I don't have a book. (the regular negator is best used with the verb to have. Should not use with the existential) 114 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv hipun hipun hipun have v have v bup bup bup book n book n I don't have a book. ADS5-006 1 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm prog preverb inside prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v He is eating. 2 # ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v # He eats. (This does not specifically mean he is eating. Its tense/aspect is indterminate. It also seems to want an object.) 3 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He eats rice. (better because it has an object) 4 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He eats rice. 5 kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem Right now. 6 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem He is eating right now. 7 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem He is eating rice right now. 8 kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He is eating rice right now. 9 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n *He is eating rice right now. 10 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n *He is eating rice right now. 11 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n *He is eating rice right now. 12 aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He is eating rice. 13 * aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n *he is eating rice 14 * naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n ? *He is eating rice. 15 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro *He is eating his rice. (might have been judged as ungrammatical just due to the context of the questioning) 16 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro 17 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro He is eating my rice. 18 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro He is eating my rice. 19 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro I am eating his rice. 20 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I am eating his rice (This sentence was not spoken. Rather, El was asked "you can use iha', right?" implying the acceptability of this sentence) 21 aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I am eating his rice. 22 aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I am eating his rice. 23 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro haləm h- h- at Inflects any category aləm aləm inside prep uma uma uma house n house n He is inside the house. 24 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep uma uma uma house n house n He is inside the house. (it's ok to leave off the preposition, but usually they have it there.) 25 haʔ haʔ ha at prep at prep usun usun usun upper.floor n upper.floor n At the top floor of a longhouse. 26 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro au au au already adv already adv dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem He can eat now. 27 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro au au au already adv already adv dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem He can eat rice now. 28 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem He can eat rice now. 29 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem He can eat rice now. 30 * au au au already adv already adv ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem *He can eat rice now. (No neet to place au in front) 31 dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem He can eat rice now. 32 kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He can eat rice now. 33 kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He can eat rice now. 34 * dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n *He can eat rice now. (sounds strange). 35 dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He can eat rice now. 36 * dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n *He can eat rice now. 37 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem He cannot eat rice now. 38 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He cannot eat rice. 39 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He cannot eat rice. 40 kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He cannot eat rice right now, 41 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n *He cannot eat rice now. 42 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n *He cannot eat rice now. 43 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n * He cannot eat rice now. 44 kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He cannot eat rice now. 45 # jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n No, he CAN eat rice now. (intended to mean "He cannot eat rice now", but does not have that interpretation.) 46 # jan jan jan neg adv neg adv dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kəre kəre kəre UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n anih anih anih this dem this dem ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n (The meaning is a bit uncertain. It might be interpreted as "He cannot. He is eating right now" or possibly "He cannot eat right now", but judgements seem uncertain) 47 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n (He?) cannot eat the rice anymore. 48 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n (The rice cannot be eaten? He cannot eat the rice? The situation is that there is no more rice left) 49 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n You cannot eat the rice. (a bit rude) 50 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n *He cannot eat rice (Na' is not good here) 51 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He cannot eat rice. 52 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n I cannot eat the rice. 53 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n I cannot eat the rice (this sentence is implied through questioning, not actualyl uttered) 54 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v The rice was eaten by Alex. 55 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v The rice was eaten by Alex. 56 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v The rice is/was not eaten by Alex. 57 * kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v * The rice was not eaten by Alex. 58 # kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v # The rice is eaten by him. (at first this is ok, but latter, it is corrected as being worse than using na' instead of iha'. This sentence is later judged as "not suitable", so although it was accepted here, it is probably ungrammatical) 59 * kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v * The rice was already eaten by him. 60 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v The rice is/was eaten by him. (best way to say this) 61 * kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n *The rice was eaten by alex (agent cannot be moved away from an) 62 * kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro *The rice was eaten by him 63 * kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v an an an pass preverb pass preverb Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n *the rice was eaten by alex (double an-marknig cannot save the moved agent) 64 * kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n an an an pass preverb pass preverb Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v 65 * kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v an an an pass preverb pass preverb Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n (cannot save the moved agent by moving an with it.) 66 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n The rice eats Alex. (cannot be interpreted with Alex as agent.) 67 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I saw you. 68 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v You are the one that I see. (I was seen by you) 69 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v I already saw you (You were already seen by me) 70 au au au already adv already adv ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v I already saw you (You were already seen by me) 71 au au au already adv already adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v I already saw you (You were already seen by me) (This is the preferred way to say this sentence) 72 * an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro *I saw you. 73 an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro ŋaham ŋaham ŋaham capsize v capsize v haruk haruk haruk canoe n canoe n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem He capsized that canoe. (read from Claire's "the changing face of focus", example 85, altered here to fit Uma Nyaving phonology) 74 * an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro *You were seen by me 75 * an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n *Alex was seen by me 76 * an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v kəlunan kəlunan kəlunan person n person n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem That person was seen by me 77 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v kəlunan kəlunan kəlunan person n person n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I saw that person / that person was seen by me. 78 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I see you. 79 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro naha naha naha do v do v duy duy duy thing n thing n I see you doing that. (El suggests that with ak she want's it to be a longer sentence) 80 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v (Asked for a judgement on ika' ak nyineng, but got a judgement on ika' akuy nyineng) 81 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v I see you. 82 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt You were seen by me yesterday. (asked to judge 'ika' au an kuy nyineng dahelem deh'. She didn't say that it was wrong wtih au, she just returned a version of the sentence without au.) 83 dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v Yesterday, you were seen by me. 84 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v You, yesterday, were seen by me. 85 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v (cannot split an and the agent) 86 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v *You are the one that I saw yesterday. (cannot place dahelem deh between the an-marked agent and the verb) 87 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v *you were not seen by me yesterday 88 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v *you were not seen by me yesterday 89 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v you are not seen by me. 90 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v jimah jimah jima tomorrow n tomorrow n I am not going to see you tomorrow. 91 jimah jimah jima tomorrow n tomorrow n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v I am not going to see you tomorrow. (it's better to have jima at the front of the sentence like this) 92 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv jimah jimah jima tomorrow n tomorrow n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v *I will not see you tomorrow 93 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro jimah jimah jima tomorrow n tomorrow n an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v *I will not see you tomorrow 94 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb jimah jimah jima tomorrow n tomorrow n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ? *I will not see you tomorrow 95 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro jimah jimah jima tomorrow n tomorrow n ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ? *I will not see you tomorrow. 96 matan matan matan eye n eye n Eye 97 matan matan matan eye n eye n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro My eye 98 matak matan matan eye n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any eye n My eye 99 matan matan matan eye n eye n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro Your eye 100 matam matan matan eye n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any eye n Your eye 101 matan matan matan eye n eye n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro His eyes. 102 * mata (mata is not a free root) 103 an an an pass preverb pass preverb kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro You look at me (imperative) ADS5-007 1 munaŋ munaŋ munaŋ cut v cut v To cut something small. 2 nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v To cut down a tree. 3 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I cut down that tree. 4 au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v , au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Already cut, that tree is already cut down. 5 au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem That tree is already cut down, 6 * au au au already adv already adv kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v 7 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v That tree is already cut down. 8 * au au au already adv already adv təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem (cannot use teveng here as if it were a passive) 9 au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem That tree is already cut down. (teveng is ok if it is a passive). 10 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v anih anih anih this dem this dem I want this (asked for 'I choose this', but most people would just say 'I want this') 11 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro , akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pili pili pili choose v choose v anih anih anih this dem this dem I choose this. 12 im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt mili mili mili choose v choose v nah nah nah unknown particle prt unknown particle prt anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v You can choose whichever one you want. 13 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro mili mili mili choose v choose v anih anih anih this dem this dem I choose this. 14 anih anih anih this dem this dem aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel , anih anih anih this dem this dem aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pili pili pili choose v choose v This is the one, this is the one that was chosen by me. (prompt: suppose I ask you which was was chosen, and you say, "that one was chosen") 15 anih anih anih this dem this dem aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pili pili pili choose v choose v this one is chosen by me 16 * ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pili pili pili choose v choose v anih anih anih this dem this dem aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel 17 anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v That is the one I want (implies you REALLY want it.) 18 anih anih anih this dem this dem aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro mili mili mili choose v choose v this one is chosen by me. (trying to get different readings on pili and mili but failing.) 19 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v I am afraid (more of a statement) 20 takut takut takut afraid v afraid v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro I am afraid. (after asking if there was any difference, El states that the verb-initial form inplies that you are scared of something, versus just being scared in general) 21 takut takut takut afraid v afraid v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro te te te go v go v hinən h- h- at Inflects any category inən inən there.dist dem that.dist dem I am afraid to go there. 22 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v te te te go v go v hinən h- h- at Inflects any category inən inən there.dist dem that.dist dem I am afraid to go there (this is usable, but it's better to say takut kuy...) 23 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro na na na make v make v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v You made me scared. 24 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro nakut nakut nakut scare v scare v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro You scared me. 25 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro nih nih nih dm prt dm prt nakut nakut nakut scare v scare v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro tə tə tə prt prt prt prt you scared me! (nih here might be focusing the subject) 26 tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v sleep 27 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v He is sleeping 28 aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v He is sleeping 29 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pətudu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any tudu tudu sleep v put to sleep v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I put him to sleep 30 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro na na na make v make v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v I made him sleep (more forceful. more direct.) 31 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb pətudu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any tudu tudu sleep v put to sleep v ? He is put to sleep 32 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pətudu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any tudu tudu sleep v put to sleep v he was put to sleep by me. (this was offered when I asked for the agentless passive. May be better) 33 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pətudu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any tudu tudu sleep v put to sleep v he was put to sleep by me 34 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro pətudu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any tudu tudu sleep v put to sleep v He was put to sleep by you (but im is preferred) 35 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt , im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt pətudu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any tudu tudu sleep v put to sleep v He was put to sleep by, by me. 36 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v That rice is eaten by you. 37 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v That rice was eaten by you. (both are equal, but for some reason an ka' pe-tedu is not as good as im pe-tedu.) 38 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v this food was eaten by him. 39 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ŋəriə̯ŋ ŋəriə̯ŋ ŋəriə̯ŋ hear v hear v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I listened to him. 40 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ŋəriə̯ŋ ŋəriə̯ŋ ŋəriə̯ŋ hear v hear v nun nun nun what interrog what interrog naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro duwan duwan duwan speak v speak v I listened to what he said. 41 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ŋəriə̯ŋ ŋəriə̯ŋ ŋəriə̯ŋ hear v hear v dahun dahun dahun something n something n I heard something (trying to get a difference between hear and listen, but they both seem to be ngerieng) 42 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ŋəriə̯ŋ ŋəriə̯ŋ ŋəriə̯ŋ hear v hear v nun nun nun what interrog what interrog naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro duwan duwan duwan speak v speak v de de de prt prt prt prt I accidentally heard what he said. 43 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ŋəriə̯ŋ ŋəriə̯ŋ ŋəriə̯ŋ hear v hear v nun nun nun what interrog what interrog naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro duwan duwan duwan speak v speak v de de de prt prt prt prt I accidentally heard what he said. 44 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv mate mate mate die v die v that dog already died. 45 mayan mayan mayan pass.away v pass.away v To pass away 46 pate pate pate corpse n dead.thing n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem that dead person / that dead thing. 47 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v pate pate pate corpse n dead.thing n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I saw a dead person. 48 məlate məlate məlate kill v kill v kill 49 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məlate məlate məlate kill v kill v asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I killed that dog 50 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro məlate məlate məlate kill v kill v That dog was killed by me 51 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro məlate məlate məlate kill v kill v That dog was killed by me 52 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro məlate məlate məlate kill v kill v That dog was killed by you 53 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt məlate məlate məlate kill v kill v That dog was killed by you 54 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro məlate məlate məlate kill v kill v That dog was killed by him 55 ŋanak N- N- verb ???>v anak anak child n give birth v give birth 56 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ŋanak N- N- verb ???>v anak anak child n give birth v she gave birth. 57 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro au au au already adv already adv ŋanak N- N- verb ???>v anak anak child n give birth v ? She already gave birth. 58 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ŋanak N- N- verb ???>v anak anak child n give birth v anak anak anak child n child n lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n She gave birth to a boy 59 * anak anak anak child n child n anih anih anih this dem this dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb ŋanak N- N- verb ???>v anak anak child n give birth v (trying to get that child was given birth to) 60 anak anak anak child n child n anih anih anih this dem this dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro ŋanak N- N- verb ???>v anak anak child n give birth v This is the child that she is giving birth to. (has a passive structure, but El uses a rel to translate it) 61 kiran kiran kiran when interrog when interrog haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep ɲumo ɲumo ɲumo come.out v come.out v When did he come out? (for, "when was he born") 62 ɲumo ɲumo ɲumo come.out v come.out v mean like , " come out " 63 maʔət maʔət maʔət bite v bite v bite 64 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anih anih anih this dem this dem maʔət maʔət maʔət bite v bite v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro That dog bit me. 65 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anih anih anih this dem this dem maʔət maʔət maʔət bite v bite v I was bitten by that dog. 66 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb maʔət maʔət maʔət bite v bite v asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anih anih anih this dem this dem (cannot separate even a PN from an) 67 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb maʔət maʔət maʔət bite v bite v (cannot have just I was bitten. I wonder if there is context to this?) 68 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v maʔət maʔət maʔət bite v bite v I was bitten. (asked "is there any way to say I was bitten?") 69 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v maʔət maʔət maʔət bite v bite v asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anih anih anih this dem this dem ? I was bitten by that dog. 70 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I hit him. 71 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I want to hit him 72 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v He was hit by me 73 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v he was hit by me 74 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro (wanted this to mean "he was hit by me") 75 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro , ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v kəlak kəlan kəlan caught v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any caught v he was hit by me. 76 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v ? He was hit by you. 77 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro He was caught by him. 78 kuri kuri kuri how many interrog how many interrog kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v how much do you get? (asked, can you use kelam in any other sentence?") 79 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog , nun nun nun what interrog what interrog im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt na na na make v make v what are you doing? 80 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v what did you get? (eg asked of someone returning from a fishing trip). 81 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v He was hit by me. 82 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v 83 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v he wants to be hit by me/I want to hit him (ikem 'want' can be with iha' or with ak) 84 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v He wants to be hit ADS5-008 1 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pili pili pili choose v choose v anih anih anih this dem this dem this is my choice (the proper translation is probably 'I choose this', but 'this is my choice' was used to elicit this sentence.) 2 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro mili mili mili choose v choose v anih anih anih this dem this dem this is my choice. (again, this is probably 'I choose this') 3 * anih anih anih this dem this dem pili pili pili choose v choose v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro (trying to get a more expected "my choice", but failing) 4 * pili pili pili choose v choose v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro anih anih anih this dem this dem ? (trying to get a more expected "my choice", but failing) 5 * pili pili pili choose v choose v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro (trying to get a more expected "my choice", but failing) 6 * mili mili mili choose v choose v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro (trying to get a more expected "my choice", but failing) 7 * anih anih anih this dem this dem mili mili mili choose v choose v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro (trying to get a more expected "my choice", but failing) 8 * mili mili mili choose v choose v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro anih anih anih this dem this dem (trying to get a more expected "my choice", but failing) 9 susah susah susah difficult adj difficult adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt pili pili pili choose v choose v It is very difficult for me to choose (asked for 'it is a difficult choice' but later questions suggest that pili here is also verbal) 10 mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv ləbaʔ ləbaʔ ləbaʔ many adj many adj so many 11 lasu lasu lasu hot adj hot adj ataʔ ataʔ ataʔ water n water n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem The water is hot 12 mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv lasu lasu lasu hot adj hot adj ataʔ ataʔ ataʔ water n water n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem The water is very hot 13 susah susah susah difficult adj difficult adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pili pili pili choose v choose v , It is very difficult for me to choose 14 susah susah susah difficult adj difficult adj kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pili pili pili choose v choose v It is difficult for me to choose 15 susah susah susah difficult adj difficult adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt mili mili mili choose v choose v It is very difficult for me to choose. 16 sənaŋ sənaŋ sənaŋ easy adj easy adj tua tua tua UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n mili mili mili choose v choose v anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem it is easy to choose that 17 * sənaŋ sənaŋ sənaŋ easy adj easy adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv tua tua tua UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n mili mili mili choose v choose v anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem 18 sənaŋ sənaŋ sənaŋ easy adj easy adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv mili mili mili choose v choose v anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Its very easy to choose that. 19 * sənaŋ sənaŋ sənaŋ easy adj easy adj tua tua tua UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv (tua and meren cannot be used at the same time, in any order) 20 * sənaŋ sənaŋ sənaŋ easy adj easy adj kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pili pili pili choose v choose v 21 * sənaŋ sənaŋ sənaŋ easy adj easy adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pili pili pili choose v choose v 22 sənaŋ sənaŋ sənaŋ easy adj easy adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro mili mili mili choose v choose v It is easy for me to choose. 23 sənaŋ sənaŋ sənaŋ easy adj easy adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro mili mili mili choose v choose v jawapan jawapan jawapan answer n answer n həp həp həp later adv prt prt de de de prt prt prt prt It is easy for me to choose the answer (just now) 24 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb mili mili mili choose v choose v I can not choose 25 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb pili pili pili choose v choose v I can not choose 26 anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog jawapan jawapan jawapan answer n answer n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt pili pili pili choose v choose v which answer did you choose 27 anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog jawapan jawapan jawapan answer n answer n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt mili mili mili choose v choose v which answer did you choose 28 anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog jawapan jawapan jawapan answer n answer n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro pili pili pili choose v choose v which answer did you choose 29 anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog jawapan jawapan jawapan answer n answer n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro pili pili pili choose v choose v which answer did you choosewhich answer did you choose 30 anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog jawapan jawapan jawapan answer n answer n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro pili pili pili choose v choose v which answer did you choose 31 anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt pili pili pili choose v choose v What did you choose (we asked for "which one was chosen, but got an agent) 32 * anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel an an an pass preverb pass preverb pili pili pili choose v choose v (El wants there to be an agent here) 33 anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel an an an pass preverb pass preverb toʔ toʔ toʔ 1dl.incl.gen pro 1dl.incl.gen pro pili pili pili choose v choose v Which one did the two of us choose? 34 ləgak ləgak ləgak fall v fall v fall 35 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ləgak ləgak ləgak fall v fall v he fell 36 ajat ajat ajat backpack n backpack n Type of traditional backpack 37 ajat ajat ajat backpack n backpack n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ləgak ləgak ləgak fall v fall v the bag fell 38 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anih anih anih this dem this dem həp həp həp later adv prt prt I (want to, will) drop the bag (from a high place). 39 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n I drop the bag. 40 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v I drop... (more formal) 41 * ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro au au au already adv already adv pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anih anih anih this dem this dem həp həp həp later adv prt prt (au and hep incompatible) 42 * au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anih anih anih this dem this dem həp həp həp later adv prt prt (au and hep incompatible) 43 * ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro au au au already adv already adv pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anih anih anih this dem this dem (ak must be immediately before the verb) 44 au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anih anih anih this dem this dem I already dropped this bag 45 au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I already dropped that bag. 46 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I already dropped that bag 47 au au au already adv already adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I already dropepd that bag (it's understandable, but better to use akuy au or au ak) 48 biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v That bag was already dropped by me. 49 biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv , au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v That bag was already dropped by me 50 biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro gak gak gak fall v fall v That bag was already dropped by me 51 gak gak gak fall v fall v hida hida hida UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n already dropped 52 biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v That bag was already dropped by me 53 biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro gak gak gak fall v fall v That bag was already dropped by me 54 biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro gak gak gak fall v fall v , biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro gak gak gak fall v fall v That bag was already dropped by me 55 au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro gak gak gak fall v fall v biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem hida hida hida UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n I already dropped the bag down there 56 au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro gak gak gak fall v fall v hida hida hida UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I already dropped the bag down there. 57 au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v hida hida hida UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I already dropped the bag down there. 58 au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v biə̯k biə̯k biə̯k bag n bag n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem hida hida hida UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n I dropped the bag down there. 59 tajəm tajəm tajəm sharp adj sharp adj sharp 60 ɲu ɲu ɲu knife n knife n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem tajəm tajəm tajəm sharp adj sharp adj this knife is sharp. 61 malat malat malat parang n parang n machete (parang) 62 malat malat malat parang n parang n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem tajəm tajəm tajəm sharp adj sharp adj The parang is sharp. 63 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ŋasah ŋasah ŋasah whet v sharpen v malat malat malat parang n parang n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I sharpen the parang. 64 im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt na na na make v make v naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro tajəm tajəm tajəm sharp adj sharp adj you make this thing more sharp 65 im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt najəm N- N- verb ???>v tajəm tajəm sharp adj sharpen v naʔ naʔ naʔ that thing pro that thing pro you sharpen this 66 im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro pin pin pin pin n pin n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro ariə̯ŋ ariə̯ŋ ariə̯ŋ first adv first adv Unknown gloss 67 naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb najəm N- N- verb ???>v tajəm tajəm sharp adj sharpen v That this is already sharpened (acceptable, but El wants there to be an agent.) 68 naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro najəm N- N- verb ???>v tajəm tajəm sharp adj sharpen v That thing is already sharpened by me. 69 * naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v najəm N- N- verb ???>v tajəm tajəm sharp adj sharpen v 70 * malat malat malat parang n parang n gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v najəm N- N- verb ???>v tajəm tajəm sharp adj sharpen v 71 malat malat malat parang n parang n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v ŋasah ŋasah ŋasah whet v sharpen v The knife is getting sharpened. (El stated that ga' is ebtter with ngasah, then I constructed this sentences in response.) 72 maʔaŋ maʔaŋ maʔaŋ clean adj clean adj clean 73 məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v sweep 74 pa pa pa broom n broom n broom 75 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v amin amin amin room n room n I am sweeping the room 76 amin amin amin room n room n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v the room is already swept by me 77 amin amin amin room n room n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v the room is already swept by me 78 amin amin amin room n room n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v The room is already swept by me. 79 * amin amin amin room n room n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v 80 amin amin amin room n room n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v That room is getting swept (acceptable, doesn't seem great though.) 81 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v amin amin amin room n room n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem 82 * ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v amin amin amin room n room n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem 83 * amin amin amin room n room n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro 84 * amin amin amin room n room n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v kəlak kəlan kəlan caught v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any caught v (in other sentences we were able to get an agent with kela-k but not here) 85 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v kəlak kəlan kəlan caught v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any caught v He got hit by me. 86 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any father n my father 87 * amin amin amin room n room n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n 88 ? amin amin amin room n room n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məpa mə- mə- verb ???>v pa pa broom n sweep v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n the room was swept by my father. (all of these ga' mepa sentences seem to be marginal at best) 89 gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro yə yə yə UNKNOWN prt UNKNOWN prt were you hit? ADS5-009 1 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro bəlagu bə- bə- verb ???>v lagu lagu song n sing v s/he/they is/are singing 2 * bəlagu bə- bə- verb ???>v lagu lagu song n sing v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro 3 dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro bəlagu bə- bə- verb ???>v lagu lagu song n sing v He sang yesterday. 4 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v bəlagu bə- bə- verb ???>v lagu lagu song n sing v I want to sing/I like to sing. 5 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ŋəluwan ŋəluwan ŋəluwan like v like v bəlagu bə- bə- verb ???>v lagu lagu song n sing v I like to sing 6 təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v run 7 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v I'm running 8 * təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro 9 * təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro 10 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v te te te go v go v hida hida hida UNKNOWN n UNKNOWN n I"m running over there (asked "I am running down the street") 11 maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v wake up. 12 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v I'm awake (lit. I wake up from sleep, asked "akuy ma'ol)) 13 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v matan matan matan eye n eye n do do do day n day n I'm woken up by the sun 14 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro na na na make v make v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v You woke me up 15 maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt Wake up! (imperative) 16 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n au au au already adv already adv atəŋ atəŋ atəŋ arrive v arrive v ha ha ha at prep at prep səkolah səkolah səkolah school n school The children arrived at school. 17 ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv atəŋ atəŋ atəŋ arrive v arrive v ha ha ha at prep at prep səkolah səkolah səkolah school n school The child arrived at school. 18 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro au au au already adv already adv atəŋ atəŋ atəŋ arrive v arrive v ha ha ha at prep at prep səkolah səkolah səkolah school n school s/he has arrived at school 19 * au au au already adv already adv atəŋ atəŋ atəŋ arrive v arrive v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ha ha ha at prep at prep səkolah səkolah səkolah school n school ? 20 * au au au already adv already adv atəŋ atəŋ atəŋ arrive v arrive v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep ha ha ha at prep at prep səkolah səkolah səkolah school n school 21 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro sin sin sin money n money n My father gave me money. 22 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro sin sin sin money n money n My father gave me money. 23 * tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro sin sin sin money n money n ? 24 * tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v sin sin sin money n money n akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ? 25 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro sin sin sin money n money n I was given money. 26 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro sin sin sin money n money n I was given money 27 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro sin sin sin money n money n My father did give me money(?) (asked for: I was given money by my father.) 28 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro sin sin sin money n money n My father did give me money. 29 maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro sin sin sin money n money n Give me money 30 maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro sin sin sin money n money n Please give me some money 31 au au au already adv already adv dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro sin sin sin money n money n Money was given to me 32 kəlunan kəlunan kəlunan person n person n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ŋəne ŋəne ŋəne drown v drown v The person is drowning 33 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ŋəne N- N- verb ???>v kəne kəne drown n drown v dare dare dare before adv before adv They drowned earlier/ in the past 34 nanəm nanəm nanəm plant v plant v plant 35 uroʔ uroʔ uroʔ grass n grass n grass 36 pare pare pare rice n rice n rice growing in the field. 37 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nanəm nanəm nanəm plant v plant v pare pare pare rice n rice n I plant rice. 38 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep nanəm nanəm nanəm plant v plant v pare pare pare rice n rice n I'm planting rice right now (in the process of) 39 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv jam jam jam know v know v nun nun nun what interrog what interrog dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro nanəm nanəm nanəm plant v plant v inih inih inih here dem here dem I don't know what was planted here 40 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jam jam jam know v know v pare pare pare rice n rice n aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro nanəm nanəm nanəm plant v plant v inih inih inih here dem here dem I know rice was planted here 41 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v kət kət kət thing n thing n dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro nanəm nanəm nanəm plant v plant v inih inih inih here dem here dem Something was planted here. 42 tasaʔ tasaʔ tasaʔ broken adj broken adj broken (car) 43 biaŋ biaŋ biaŋ shatter v shatter v broken (glass) 44 kərita kərita kərita car n car n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem tasaʔ tasaʔ tasaʔ broken adj broken adj The car is broken 45 kərita kərita kərita car n car n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro tasaʔ tasaʔ tasaʔ broken adj broken adj My car is broken 46 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nasaʔ N- N- verb ???>v tasaʔ tasaʔ broken adj break v kərita kərita kərita car n car n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro I broke my car (includes by accident) 47 kəliŋi kəliŋi kəliŋi window n window n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem biaŋ biaŋ biaŋ shatter v shatter v The window is broken/ The window broke 48 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro miaŋ N- N- verb ???>v biaŋ biaŋ shatter v shatter v kəliŋi kəliŋi kəliŋi window n window n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem You broke the window 49 usu usu usu arm n arm n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro bəruŋ bəruŋ bəruŋ broken adj broken adj I broke my arm/ My arm is broken 50 usu usu usu arm n arm n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro bəruŋ bəruŋ bəruŋ broken adj broken adj aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro nakəl nakəl nakəl climb v climb v I broke my arm while climbing that tree 51 usu usu usu arm n arm n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro bəruŋ bəruŋ bəruŋ broken adj broken adj aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nakəl nakəl nakəl climb v climb v I broke my arm while climbing that tree. 52 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro məruŋ N- N- verb ???>v bəruŋ bəruŋ broken adj break v usu usu usu arm n arm n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro You broke my arm. 53 usu usu usu arm n arm n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro bəruŋ bəruŋ bəruŋ broken adj broken adj nakəl nakəl nakəl climb v climb v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I broke my arm climbing that tree. 54 * nakəl nakəl nakəl climb v climb v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem usu usu usu arm n arm n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro bəruŋ bəruŋ bəruŋ broken adj broken adj 55 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro matə matə matə send v send v kət kət kət thing n thing n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v mən mən mən for prep to prep hinaʔ hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n mother n I send food to (my) mother 56 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro matə matə matə send v send v mən mən mən for prep to prep hinaʔ hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n mother n kət kət kət thing n thing n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v I send food to (my) mother. (this is acceptable, but El wants to put a time specifier at the end) 57 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro matə matə matə send v send v hinaʔ hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n mother n kət kət kət thing n thing n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt I sent my mother food yesterday (better with 'yesterday') 58 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro matə matə matə send v send v kət kət kət thing n thing n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v mən mən mən for prep to prep hinaʔ hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n mother n My mother was sent food 59 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro matə matə matə send v send v mən mən mən for prep to prep hinaʔ hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n mother n kət kət kət thing n thing n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v My mother was sent food 60 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro matə matə matə send v send v mən mən mən for prep to prep hinaʔ hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n mother n kət kət kət thing n thing n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt My mother was sent food yesterday 61 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro matə matə matə send v send v mən mən mən for prep to prep hinaʔ hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n mother n kət kət kət thing n thing n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt My mother was sent food yesterday ADS5-010 1 bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ləgak ləgak ləgak fall v fall v The basket fell. (asked for full but was misheard as fall) 2 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pələgak pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any ləgak ləgak fall v drop v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I made the basket fall. (asked for full but was misheard as fall) 3 bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem pənu pənu pənu full adj full adj baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n The basket is full of rice. 4 gunu gunu gunu unknown n unknown n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem pənu pənu pənu full adj full adj baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n The ?? is full of rice. 5 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I filled the basket with rice. 6 bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem pənu pənu pənu full adj full adj dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n The basket is full of rice. The basket is filled with rice. 7 * ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n (need to use dahin) 8 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I filled the basket with rice. 9 bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n This basket I filled with rice. 10 bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I filled the basket with rice. 11 ? bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I filled the basket wtih this rice. (El does not prefer the use of akuy here, although it is understandable) 12 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I filled the basket wtih rice. 13 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I filled the basket with rice. 14 au au au already adv already adv nah nah nah unknown particle prt unknown particle prt ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n Did you already fill the basket with rice? 15 au au au already adv already adv nah nah nah unknown particle prt unknown particle prt ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n Did you already fill the basket with rice? 16 au au au already adv already adv nah nah nah unknown particle prt unknown particle prt kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n Did you already fill the basket with the rice? 17 * au au au already adv already adv nah nah nah unknown particle prt unknown particle prt im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n (cannot use im here) 18 au au au already adv already adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I already filled the basket with rice. 19 * kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro au au au already adv already adv pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n (no initial kuy) 20 au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I already filled the basket with rice. 21 * ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro au au au already adv already adv pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n (cannot separate ak from verb) 22 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv au au au already adv already adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n (seems that El does not liek jan and au here) 23 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro au au au already adv already adv pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n (seems that El does not liek jan and au here) 24 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I have not yet filled the basket with rice. 25 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv au au au already adv already adv pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n (payan and au: not interchangeable) 26 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro payan payan payan yet adv yet adv pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I have not yet filled the basket with rice. 27 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I have not yet filled the basket with rice. (without anih) 28 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro payan payan payan yet adv yet adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n 29 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n 30 * ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n 31 bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n The basket I have not yet filled (it) with rice. 32 bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n The basket I have not yet fileld (it) with rice. 33 * bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro payan payan payan yet adv yet adv pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n 34 * bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro payan payan payan yet adv yet adv pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n 35 * bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n 36 * bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n 37 wit wit wit dish n dish n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv maʔaŋ maʔaŋ maʔaŋ clean adj clean adj The dish(es) are clean. 38 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔaŋ maʔaŋ maʔaŋ clean adj clean adj I am clean I'm clean. 39 masəp masəp masəp dirty adj dirty adj dirty 40 wit wit wit dish n dish n anih anih anih this dem this dem au au au already adv already adv masəp masəp masəp dirty adj dirty adj The dishes are already dirty. 41 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep mayo mayo mayo wash v wash v wit wit wit dish n dish n She washes the dishes. 42 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep mayo mayo mayo wash v wash v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n She washes clothes. 43 ha ha ha at prep at prep huŋe huŋe huŋe river n river n ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro mayo mayo mayo wash v wash v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n She washes clothes in the river. 44 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro mayo mayo mayo wash v wash v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n haləm h- h- at Inflects any category aləm aləm inside prep inside prep huŋe huŋe huŋe river n river n She washed her clothes (while phisically in the river). 45 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro du du du bathe v bathe v ha ha ha at prep at prep huŋe huŋe huŋe river n river n She bathes in the river. 46 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv du du du bathe v bathe v I haven't bathed yet. 47 au au au already adv already adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro du du du bathe v bathe v Have you showered yet? 48 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv Not Yet 49 au au au already adv already adv already. (Yes, I've already done that.) 50 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv du du du bathe v bathe v 51 laʔe laʔe laʔe tiered adj tiered adj tired 52 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro laʔe laʔe laʔe tiered adj tiered adj I'm tired. 53 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv laʔe laʔe laʔe tiered adj tiered adj I'm very tired. 54 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro laʔe laʔe laʔe tiered adj tiered adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv I'm very tired 55 * mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv laʔe laʔe laʔe tiered adj tiered adj akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ? (Not sure if this is ungrammatical or just that kuy is preferred) 56 mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv laʔe laʔe laʔe tiered adj tiered adj kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro Are you tired? 57 təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v nah nah nah unknown particle prt unknown particle prt kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro laʔe laʔe laʔe tiered adj tiered adj Running makes me tired. 58 * təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v nah nah nah unknown particle prt unknown particle prt laʔe laʔe laʔe tiered adj tiered adj kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro 59 au au au already adv already adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro bara bara bara say v say v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro laʔe laʔe laʔe tiered adj tiered adj I already said I was tired. 60 au au au already adv already adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro bara bara bara say v say v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro laʔe laʔe laʔe tiered adj tiered adj I told him that I was tired. 61 au au au already adv already adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro bara bara bara say v say v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro laʔe laʔe laʔe tiered adj tiered adj I already told him that I am tired. 62 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep ilo ilo ilo search v search v haduy haduy haduy job n job n I'm looking for a job. 63 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep ilo ilo ilo search v search v kət kət kət thing n thing n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v I'm looking for food. 64 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep ilo ilo ilo search v search v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I am looking for him. 65 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep ilo ilo ilo search v search v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep ? (reduced form in object position bad) 66 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ilo ilo ilo search v search v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro He is looking for me. 67 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ilo ilo ilo search v search v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ? 68 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ilo ilo ilo search v search v na na na make v make v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ? 69 te te te go v go v im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt uli uli uli return.home v return.home v uma uma uma house n house n Go home! 70 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v uli uli uli return.home v return.home v uma uma uma house n house n I'm going home. 71 hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any mother n haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep uma uma uma house n house n My mother is at home. 72 hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep uma uma uma house n house n My mother is not at home. 73 hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n japan jan jan neg adv payan payan yet adv not yet adv atəŋ atəŋ atəŋ arrive v arrive v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep uma uma uma house n house n My mother has not yet arrived home. 74 hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep uma uma uma house n house n , akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep uma uma uma house n house n My mother is home, I am not home. 75 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep uma uma uma house n house n , hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n au au au already adv already adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep uma uma uma house n house n ? I'm not at home, (but) my mother is. 76 hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n məloʔ məloʔ məloʔ sit v sit v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep uma uma uma house n house n My mother stayed at home yesterday. 77 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məloʔ məloʔ məloʔ sit v sit v I'm sitting. 78 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt te te te go v go v uli uli uli return.home v return.home v uma uma uma house n house n I want to go home. 79 hinam hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any your mom n haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep uma uma uma house n house n Your mum is at home. 80 * hinan hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category mother n haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep uma uma uma house n house n (it must be hinan na') 81 hinan hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category mother n tam tam tam 1pl.incl.gen pro 1pl.incl.gen pro our mother. Kayan-Uma-Nyaving-Elrica-2023-01-12_Source.wav 1 guhaŋ guhaŋ guhaŋ empty adj empty adj empty 2 bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem guhaŋ guhaŋ guhaŋ empty adj empty adj The basket is empty. 3 pəguhaŋ pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any guhaŋ guhaŋ empty adj empty v to empty 4 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro bət bət bət remove v remove v kət kət kət thing n thing n haləm h- h- at Inflects any category aləm aləm inside prep inside prep bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I removed the things inside the basket. 5 im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt bət bət bət remove v remove v ataʔ ataʔ ataʔ water n water n Remove the water. 6 ɲakol ɲakol ɲakol dig v dig v to dig 7 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ɲakol ɲakol ɲakol dig v dig v luvaŋ luvaŋ luvaŋ hole n hole n He is digging a hole. (this is an odd sentence. The verb nyakol is usually used where the object is the thing being dug, like dirt or earth, for example. A hole is the absense of something, so it is strange to use the verb nyakol here. Grammatically it is fine, though.) 8 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ɲakol ɲakol ɲakol dig v dig v tana tana tana land n land n He is digging (the land/earth/soil). 9 im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt ŋəluvaŋ ŋə- N- +unspec. var. of verb ???>v luvaŋ luvaŋ hole n make a hole v kətas kətas kətas paper n paper n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Make a hole in the paper (imp). 10 * im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt ŋəluvaŋ ŋə- N- +unspec. var. of verb ???>v luvaŋ luvaŋ hole n make a hole v tana tana tana land n land n Intended: Dig a hole in the land. (bad because it is conceptualized as a hole through something. no matter how long you dig you'll never dig a hole all the way through the ground to the other side.) 11 nanəm nanəm nanəm bury v bury v to bury. 12 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nanəm nanəm nanəm plant v plant v asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep au au au already adv already adv mate mate mate die v die v I buried that dog that already died. 13 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nanəm nanəm nanəm plant v plant v asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep au au au already adv already adv mate mate mate die v die v haləm h- h- at Inflects any category aləm aləm inside prep inside prep luvaŋ luvaŋ luvaŋ hole n hole n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I buried that dog that already died in that hole. 14 pate pate pate corpse n dead.thing n asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n dead dog. 15 bila bila bila grave n grave n grave. 16 tanəm tanəm tanəm bury n bury n tanəm/nanəm: to bury 17 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro tanəm tanəm tanəm bury n bury n pate pate pate corpse n dead.thing n asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n Intended: I bury the dead dog. 18 - ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro nanəm nanəm nanəm plant v plant v pate pate pate corpse n dead.thing n in the field 19 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro nanəm nanəm nanəm plant v plant v pate pate pate corpse n dead.thing n ha ha ha at prep at prep lumaʔ lumaʔ lumaʔ field n field n He is planting rice in the field. 20 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro tanəm tanəm tanəm bury n bury n pate pate pate corpse n dead.thing n halumaʔ ha ha at prep lumaʔ lumaʔ field n field n He is planting rice in the field. 21 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I want to buy rice. 22 ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I want to buy rice. (response to the question `do you want to buy rice?') 23 * ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n Intended: I want to buy rice. 24 * ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n Intended: I want to buy rice. 25 baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v The rice was bought. Literally means the rice, they already bought it 26 * baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v Intended: The rice was already bought (in this example, El does not accept an an-passive without an agent) 27 au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v The rice was already bought by him. 28 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v bəleʔ bəleʔ bəleʔ sell v sell v baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I already sold the rice. 29 baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv pah pah pah finished adv finished adv the rice is already gone. The rice is already gone, I sold it. 30 baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv pah pah pah finished adv finished adv , ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro bəleʔ bəleʔ bəleʔ sell v sell v The rice is already gone, I sold it. 31 baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb bəleʔ bəleʔ bəleʔ sell v sell v The rice was already sold. 32 ŋaloŋ ŋaloŋ ŋaloŋ write v write v surat surat surat letter n letter n Write a letter. 33 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ŋaloŋ ŋaloŋ ŋaloŋ write v write v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro He wrote a letter for me. 34 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ŋaloŋ ŋaloŋ ŋaloŋ write v write v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro surat surat surat letter n letter n Intended: He wrote me a letter. 35 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro surat surat surat letter n letter n He gave a letter to me. 36 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt te te te go v go v səkolah səkolah səkolah school n school I want to go to school. 37 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ha ha ha at prep at prep səkolah səkolah səkolah school n school He is at school. 38 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro na na na make v make v taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n mən mən mən for prep to prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I make a dish for you (asked: I cook for you) 39 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro He gave a letter to me. 40 təli təli təli squirrel n squirrel n squirrel 41 bənih bənih bənih seed n seed n seed 42 huŋe huŋe huŋe river n river n river 43 pəlasu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any lasu lasu hot adj heat v to heat. 44 həŋəm həŋəm həŋəm cold adj cold adj cold 45 pəhəŋəm pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any həŋəm həŋəm cold adj cool v to cool 46 nakol nakol nakol steal v steal v to steal 47 * pənakol Not a word (searching for peng-) 48 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv loʔ loʔ loʔ sit v sit v kəh basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v surat surat surat letter n letter n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro I have not read your letter yet I have not read the letter that you gave me. 49 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv loʔ loʔ loʔ sit v sit v kəh basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v surat surat surat letter n letter n im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v I have not read the letter you gave (to me) yet. 50 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v surat surat surat letter n letter n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro I have not yet read your letter (rude without lo' kah) 51 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro payan payan payan yet adv yet adv loʔ loʔ loʔ sit v sit v kəh basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v surat surat surat letter n letter n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro Intended: I have not yet read the letter that you sent me. 52 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv loʔ loʔ loʔ sit v sit v kəh akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro basaʔ basaʔ basaʔ read v read v surat surat surat letter n letter n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro I have not yet read the letter that you sent me. Kayan-Uma-Nyaving-Elrica-2023-01-19_Source.wav 1 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n . I hugged my mother. 2 hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv pədəŋ pədəŋ pədəŋ reciprocal prt reciprocal prt dahawaʔ dahawaʔ dahawaʔ 2dl pro 2dl pro My mother and father hugged each other. 3 hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv My mother and father hugged. 4 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ŋitəl ŋitəl ŋitəl pinch v pinch v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dəp dəp dəp reflexive n reflexive n I pinched myself. 5 hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n ŋitəl ŋitəl ŋitəl pinch v pinch v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro My sibling/brother pinched me. 6 * hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n ŋitəl ŋitəl ŋitəl pinch v pinch v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro Intended: My sibling pinched me. (reduced form not good in object position) 7 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n pəteʔ pə- pə- 2 reciprocal v:Any teʔ teʔ 2 hit v fight v My brothers/siblings are fighting (physically). 8 panoʔ panoʔ panoʔ argue v argue v Argue. 9 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pəteʔ pə- pə- 2 reciprocal v:Any teʔ teʔ 2 hit v fight v dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n I fought with (my) brothers (physically). 10 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pəteʔ pə- pə- 2 reciprocal v:Any teʔ teʔ 2 hit v fight v dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n kəre anih kəre anih kəre anih right now adv right now adv . I'm fighting with my brothers right now. 11 dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n pəteʔ pə- pə- 2 reciprocal v:Any teʔ teʔ 2 hit v fight v pədəŋ pədəŋ pədəŋ reciprocal prt reciprocal prt dahawaʔ dahawaʔ dahawaʔ 2dl pro 2dl pro My brothers are fighting each other. 12 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nukol nukol nukol hit v hit v paku paku paku nail n nail n . I hit a nail. 13 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro teʔ teʔ teʔ 2 hit v hit v hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n həp həp həp later adv prt prt dəp dəp dəp reflexive n reflexive n I hit my brother. 14 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro so so so throw v throw v ɲoh ɲoh ɲoh coconut n coconut n ha ha ha at prep at prep hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n I threw a coconut at my sibling. 15 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro higəm higəm higəm hold in the hand v hold in the hand v ɲoh ɲoh ɲoh coconut n coconut n I'm holding a coconut. 16 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro higəm higəm higəm hold in the hand v hold in the hand v ɲoh ɲoh ɲoh coconut n coconut n haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n Intended: I hit him with the coconut while holding it (playfully). (this sentence seems to literally be I hold the coconut at him, which is not grammatical) 17 hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v My brother was hit. 18 hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v kəlak kəlan kəlan caught v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any caught v My brother was hit by me. 19 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro məloʔ məloʔ məloʔ sit v sit v baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep mija mija mija table n table n She put the rice on the table. 20 baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro loʔ loʔ loʔ sit v sit v ha ha ha at prep at prep mija mija mija table n table n The rice is put on the table. 21 baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro loʔ loʔ loʔ sit v sit v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep mija mija mija table n table n The rice was put on the table by her. 22 baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep ujoŋ ujoŋ ujoŋ corner n edge n mija mija mija table n table n The rice is on the table (in the corner). 23 ( baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ) haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep usun usun usun top n top n mija mija mija table n table n (The rice is) on the top of the table. 24 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məte məte məte put v put v təbaʔəŋ təbaʔəŋ təbaʔəŋ necklace n necklace n haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I put a necklace on her. 25 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məte məte məte put v put v təbaʔəŋ təbaʔəŋ təbaʔəŋ necklace n necklace n haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep kəran kəran kəran neck n neck n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro I put a necklace on her neck. 26 təbaʔəŋ təbaʔəŋ təbaʔəŋ necklace n necklace n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro məte məte məte put v put v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro The necklace was put on her. 27 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məloʔ məloʔ məloʔ sit v sit v təbaʔəŋ təbaʔəŋ təbaʔəŋ necklace n necklace n haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep kəran kəran kəran neck n neck n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro Intended: I put the necklace on her neck. (melo' is for putting something on top of. to place on) 28 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro nakol nakol nakol steal v steal v baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem He stole the rice. 29 baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro nakol nakol nakol steal v steal v Rice was stolen. 30 baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro nakol nakol nakol steal v steal v Rice was stolen by him. 31 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro kumaʔ kumaʔ kumaʔ accuse v accuse v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nakol nakol nakol steal v steal v baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I was accused of stealing rice. 32 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kumaʔ kumaʔ kumaʔ accuse v accuse v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nakol nakol nakol steal v steal v baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n She/he accused me of stealing rice. 33 basoŋ basoŋ basoŋ shirt n shirt n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro biraʔ biraʔ biraʔ tear v tear v My shirt is torn. 34 basoŋ basoŋ basoŋ shirt n shirt n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro biraʔ biraʔ biraʔ tear v tear v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v paku paku paku nail n nail n My shirt was torn by a nail. 35 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro miraʔ N- N- verb ???>v biraʔ biraʔ tear v tear v kətas kətas kətas paper n paper n I tear the paper. 36 kətas kətas kətas paper n paper n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem miraʔ N- N- verb ???>v biraʔ biraʔ tear v tear v The paper wat torn. 37 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro higəm higəm higəm hold in the hand v hold in the hand v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I'm holding a basket. 38 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro higəm higəm higəm hold in the hand v hold in the hand v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n mən mən mən for prep to prep hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n I'm holding the basket for my sister. 39 hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro my mother cooks rice for me 40 hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro My mother cooks food for me. 41 * hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: My mom cooks rice for me 42 * hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n Intended: My mom cooks me rice. 43 * hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n Intended: My mom cooks me rice. 44 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb hinak hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my mother n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Rice is cooked for me by my mother. 45 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Rice is cooked for me. 46 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pijam pijam pijam borrow v borrow v bup bup bup book n book n teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I borrowed a book from him. 47 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pijam pijam pijam borrow v borrow v teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro bup bup bup book n book n Intended: I borrowed from him a book. 48 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pijam pijam pijam borrow v borrow v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep bup bup bup book n book n Intended: I borrowed (from) him a book. 49 bup bup bup book n book n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro pijam pijam pijam borrow v borrow v The book was borrowed. 50 bup bup bup book n book n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro pijam pijam pijam borrow v borrow v The book was borrowed from him. 51 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v uli uli uli return.home v return.home v bup bup bup book n book n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro I gave back the book to him. 52 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v uli uli uli return.home v return.home v naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro bup bup bup book n book n Intended: I gave back the book to him. 53 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v uli uli uli return.home v return.home v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro bup bup bup book n book n I gave back the book to him. 54 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v bup bup bup book n book n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro I already gave the book to him. 55 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v bup bup bup book n book n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem uli uli uli return.home v return.home v I already gave the book back. 56 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v bup bup bup book n book n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro I gave her book. 57 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro bup bup bup book n book n I gave him a book. 58 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro bup bup bup book n book n . He was given a book. (someone gave him a book) 59 # dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v bup bup bup book n book n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro (Somebody) gave his book. 60 * dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v bup bup bup book n book n ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro Intended (someone) gave a book to him. Kayan-Uma-Nyaving-Elrica-2023-02-03_Source.wav 1 * an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro naha naha naha do v do v dui dui dui unknown n unknown n Intended: I see you doing that (previously judged as ok). 2 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro naha naha naha do v do v dui dui dui unknown n unknown n ? I see you doing that. (ak in sentence initial position is better than an kuy) 3 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I'm filling the basket with rice (grammatical but better to use ak instead of akuy. Implies present/progressive). 4 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I will fill the basket with rice (better than akuy. Implies future/intent). 5 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v You are seen by me. (Borderline. possibly grammatical but ak was prefered here) 6 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v naha naha naha do v do v dui dui dui unknown n unknown n You are seen by me doing that. 7 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v I was hit. 8 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro I was hit by him. 9 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro naha naha naha do v do v dui dui dui unknown n unknown n Intended: You were seen by me doing that 10 au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n I already filled the basked with rice. 11 * ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro au au au already adv already adv pəpənu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any pənu pənu full adj fill v bakol bakol bakol basket n basket n anih anih anih this dem this dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep baha baha baha uncooked.rice n uncooked.rice n Intended: I already filled the basked with rice. 12 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n I (will) cook (the) rice. 13 ɲagah ɲagah ɲagah fry v fry v fry 14 maru maru maru boil v boil v boil 15 paŋgaŋ paŋgaŋ paŋgaŋ roast v roast v roast 16 nutoŋ nutoŋ nutoŋ burn v burn v burn 17 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n I want to cook rice. 18 ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n I really want to cook rice. 19 ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n Do you want to cook the rice? 20 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n I don't want to cook the rice. 21 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n I don't want to cook the rice. 22 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n I don't want to cook the rice. 23 hapaʔ hapaʔ hapaʔ maybe adv maybe adv ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n Maybe I will cook the rice later. 24 ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n I will cook the rice later. 25 hapaʔ hapaʔ hapaʔ maybe adv maybe adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n Maybe I am the one who cooked the rice. (grammatical but pragmatically nonsensical) 26 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro hapaʔ hapaʔ hapaʔ maybe adv maybe adv nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n Intended: I might cook the rice/I maybe cook the rice. 27 * ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n Intended: I don't want to cook the rice. 28 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n Intended: I dont want to cook the rice. 29 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep Michael Michael Michael p. name n p. name n Michael and me. 30 * Michael Michael Michael p. name n p. name n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ? Intended: Michael and me. 31 # Michael Michael Michael p. name n p. name n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro Michael is with me. (Intended: Michael and me) 32 bavuy bavuy bavuy wild pig n wild pig n anih anih anih this dem this dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep Michael Michael Michael p. name n p. name n nimək nimək nimək shoot v shoot v The wild boar was shot by Michael and me. 33 bavuy bavuy bavuy wild pig n wild pig n anih anih anih this dem this dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep Michael Michael Michael p. name n p. name n nimək nimək nimək shoot v shoot v The wild boar was shot by Michael and me. 34 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt He is the man that I saw yesterday. 35 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt He is the man that I saw yesterday. 36 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt ? Intended: He is the man that I saw yesterday. 37 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ ɲinəŋ see v see v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt He is the man that I saw yesterday. 38 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro nəreʔ nəreʔ nəreʔ yell v yell v te te te go v go v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro I am angry because you yelled at me. 39 manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro nəreʔ nəreʔ nəreʔ yell v yell v te te te go v go v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro I'm angry because you yelled at me. 40 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt nəreʔ nəreʔ nəreʔ yell v yell v te te te go v go v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: I am angry because you yelled at me. 41 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nəreʔ nəreʔ nəreʔ yell v yell v te te te go v go v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro He is angry because I yelled at him. 42 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro nəreʔ nəreʔ nəreʔ yell v yell v te te te go v go v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro He's angry because I yelled at him. 43 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n I want you to cook the rice. 44 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n I want you to cook the rice. 45 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n Intended: I want you to cook the rice. 46 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n I want him to cook the rice. 47 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n Intended: I want him to cook the rice 48 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He wants me to cook the rice. 49 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He wants me to cook the rice. 50 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro nəreʔ nəreʔ nəreʔ yell v yell v te te te go v go v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro I'm angry because he yelled at me. 51 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro nəreʔ nəreʔ nəreʔ yell v yell v te te te go v go v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: I am angry because he yelled at me. 52 hapaʔ hapaʔ hapaʔ maybe adv maybe adv ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Maybe he likes me. (prompt: I think that he likes me) 53 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv jam jam jam know v know v han han han if subordconn if subordconn ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro I don’t know if he likes me. 54 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv jam jam jam know v know v han han han if subordconn if subordconn naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: I don't know if he likes me. 55 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv jam jam jam know v know v han han han if subordconn if subordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro I don’t know if you like me. 56 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv jam jam jam know v know v han han han if subordconn if subordconn kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro I don't know if you like me. 57 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv jam jam jam know v know v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro He doesn't know that I like him. 58 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv jam jam jam know v know v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro He doesn't know that I like him. 59 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv jam jam jam know v know v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro You don't know that he likes you. 60 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv jam jam jam know v know v naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro Intended: You don't know that he likes you. Kayan-Uma-Nyaving-Elrica-2023-02-10_Source.wav 1 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem That man. 2 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro That man scares me. 3 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I make him scared 4 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I scared that man (I make him scared). 5 * ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Intended: I scred that man. 6 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n The man went to the store. 7 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n The man that scares me went to the store. 8 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n The man that I scared goes to the store. 9 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n The man that I scare goes to the store. 10 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I scared a child. 11 ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem te te te go v go v uli uli uli return.home v return.home v uma uma uma house n house n The child went back home. 12 ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v te te te go v go v uli uli uli return.home v return.home v uma uma uma house n house n The child that I scared go back home. 13 ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v That child is who I scared 14 * aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Intended: That is the child that I scared. 15 ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v That child is who I scared. (that is the child that I scared.) 16 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem . I scared that child. 17 ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n That kid that I scare went to the store. 18 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n kids (plural) went to the store. 19 ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n doh doh doh woman n woman n girl 20 ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n boy 21 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Kids that I scared went to the store 22 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem pəbəleʔ pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any bəleʔ bəleʔ sell v sell v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n That store sells clothes. 23 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem bəleʔ bəleʔ bəleʔ sell v sell v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n That store sells clothes. (El unsure of the difference between pebele' and bele') 24 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n I went to the store. 25 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel pəbəleʔ pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any bəleʔ bəleʔ sell v sell v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n I went to the store that sells clothes. 26 ( akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep ) kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel bəleʔ bəleʔ bəleʔ sell v sell v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n (I went to) the store that sells clothes. 27 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n ha ha ha at prep at prep kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I buy clothes at that store. 28 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n havak h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any where I n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n I went to the store where I buy clothes. 29 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n havam h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any where you n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n I went to the store where you buy clothes. 30 * kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n havim (havim is not a word. Looking for somehting similar to the im inflected passive). 31 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category kuaʔ kuaʔ kuaʔ 2dl pro 2dl pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n The store where you two buy clothes. 32 * kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n Intended: I went to the store where he buys clothes (havan requires a genitive enclitic, apparently) 33 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n I went to the store where he buys clothes. 34 havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro The place where he... (full forms also permitted) 35 * kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n havam h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any where you n kuaʔ kuaʔ kuaʔ 2dl pro 2dl pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n 36 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n ? I went to the store where I buy clothes. 37 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n Intended: I go to the store where I buy clothes. 38 hinoʔ h- h- at Inflects any category inoʔ inoʔ where interrog where interrog ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Where do you buy clothes? 39 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog havam h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any where you n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v Which store do you buy (clothes) at? 40 * kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog havam h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any where you n ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v Intended: Which store do you buy (clothes) at? (-m suffix cannot be paired with ika') 41 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v Which store do you buy (clothes) at? 42 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog havam h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any where you n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Which store do you buy those clothes at? 43 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n hinoʔ h- h- at Inflects any category inoʔ inoʔ where interrog where interrog ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt te te te go v go v Which store are you going to? 44 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n hinoʔ h- h- at Inflects any category inoʔ inoʔ where interrog where interrog aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt te te te go v go v Which store are you going to? 45 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n hinoʔ h- h- at Inflects any category inoʔ inoʔ where interrog where interrog havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt te te te go v go v Which store are you going to? 46 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt te te te go v go v Which store are you going to? 47 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt te te te go v go v Which store are you going to? 48 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt te te te go v go v which store are you going to? 49 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog havam h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any where you n səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt te te te go v go v Which store are you going to? 50 *( kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog ) aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt te te te go v go v Intended: which store are you going to? (cannot use -m with aleng) 51 davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v Which clothes will you buy? 52 davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v Which clothes will you buy? 53 * davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v Intended: Which clothes will you buy? 54 * davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog havam h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any where you n səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v Intended: Which clothes will you buy? 55 davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v Which clothes will you buy? 56 davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v Which clothes will you buy? 57 * davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anom səŋ səŋ səŋ want to v want to prt məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v Intended: Which clothes will you buy (ano' cannot take the -m suffix) 58 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n The kids ran to the store. 59 dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v ha ha ha at prep at prep kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n The kids are running at the store. 60 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v Which store are the kids running at? 61 * kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v te te te go v go v Intended: What store are the children running to? 62 * kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep Intended: What store are the children running to? 63 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v Which store are the kids running at? 64 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v Which store are the kids running at at? 65 hinoʔ h- h- at Inflects any category inoʔ inoʔ where interrog where interrog dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem te te te go v go v Where are they running to? 66 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem te te te go v go v Where are they running to? 67 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem te te te go v go v What is the store that the children went to? 68 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro ɲam ɲam ɲam child n child n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem te te te go v go v What is the store that the children went to? 69 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n The man that scared me went to the store. 70 * lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: The man that scared me went to the store. 71 * lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n ? Intended: The man that scared me went to the score. 72 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n havak h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any where I n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n həp de həp həp later adv de de prt prt Just now adv The man where I buy the clothes just now (man who I bought the clothes from 73 * aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep alək (aleng can take neither -m or -k) Kayan-Uma-Nyaving-Elrica-2023-02-17_Source.wav 1 kəran kəran kəran neck n neck n neck 2 laʔoŋ laʔoŋ laʔoŋ back n back n back 3 usu usu usu hand n hand n hand 4 ikiə̯ŋ ikiə̯ŋ ikiə̯ŋ finger n finger n fingers 5 uhat uhat uhat vein n vein n vein 6 hikoʔ hikun hikun elbow n elbow n elbow 7 tudək tudək tudək leg n leg n leg 8 hapi hapi hapi thigh n thigh n thigh 9 itət itət itət calf n calf n calf 10 tular tular tular animal n animal n animal 11 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n dog 12 ikoh ikoh ikoh tail n tail n tail 13 manok manok manok bird n bird n bird 14 həɲap həɲap həɲap chicken n chicken n chicken 15 masiə̯k masiə̯k masiə̯k fish n fish n fish 16 te te te go v go v məseʔ N- N- verb ???>v pəseʔ pəseʔ fishing hook n fish v fish 17 pəseʔ pəseʔ pəseʔ fishing hook n fishing hook n hook (for fishing) 18 ulər ulər ulər worm n worm n worm 19 lavo lavo lavo mouse n mouse n mouse 20 pəŋanən pəŋanən pəŋanən python n python n python 21 payo payo payo deer n deer n deer 22 təlaʔo təlaʔo təlaʔo barking deer n barking deer n barking deer. 23 bilun bilun bilun mouse deer n mouse deer n Mouse deer 24 həm həm həm pangolin n pangolin n pangolin 25 buaŋ buaŋ buaŋ bear n bear n bear 26 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n wood 27 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anih anih anih this dem this dem this wood 28 daʔun daʔun daʔun leaf n leaf n leaf 29 bulu bulu bulu bamboo n bamboo n bamboo 30 ɲoh ɲoh ɲoh coconut n coconut n coconut 31 puteʔ puteʔ puteʔ banana n banana n banana 32 ŋalaŋ ŋalaŋ ŋalaŋ mountain n mountain n mountain 33 usan usan usan rain n rain n rain 34 laŋit laŋit laŋit sky n sky n sky 35 matan do matan matan eye n do do day n sun n sun 36 kərawiə̯ŋ kərawiə̯ŋ kərawiə̯ŋ star n star n star 37 ata ata ata unripe adj raw adj raw 38 səm səm səm sour adj sour adj sour 39 mi mi mi sweet adj sweet adj sweet 40 paʔi paʔi paʔi bitter adj bitter adj bitter 41 masin masin masin salty adj salty adj salty 42 asin asin asin salty adj salty adj salty (saltiness?) 43 həɲaʔ həɲaʔ həɲaʔ salt n salt n salt 44 pano pano pano walk v walk v walk 45 təpuruŋ təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v run 46 nəpuruŋ N- N- verb ???>v təpuruŋ təpuruŋ run v run v run 47 ɲatoŋ ɲatoŋ ɲatoŋ swim v swim v swim 48 nəkujoʔ nəkujoʔ nəkujoʔ jump v jump v jump 49 tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v sleep 50 midiʔ midiʔ midiʔ lie down v lie down v lie down 51 ne ne ne 2 come v come v come 52 ne ne ne 2 come v come v uli uli uli return.home v return.home v return/come back 53 məloʔ məloʔ məloʔ sit v sit v sit down 54 nəreʔ nəreʔ nəreʔ yell v yell v shout/yell 55 im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt muvuy muvuy muvuy call v call v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro to call out (to somebody) 56 məjat məjat məjat pull v pull v pull 57 haru haru haru push v push v push 58 ɲian ɲian ɲian light weight adj light weight adj light (weight) 59 bahat bahat bahat heavy adj heavy adj heavy 60 ləma ləma ləma soft adj weak adj weak/soft 61 najeʔ najeʔ najeʔ strong adj strong adj strong 62 mahiə̯ŋ mahiə̯ŋ mahiə̯ŋ hard adj hard adj hard 63 malah malah malah light (opp. dark) adj light (opp. dark) adj light 64 lidəm lidəm lidəm dark adj dark adj dark 65 basa basa basa wet adj wet adj wet 66 məgaŋ məgaŋ məgaŋ dry adj dry adj dry 67 ipət ipət ipət fast adj fast adj fast 68 pələdah pələdah pələdah slow adj slow adj slow 69 maroŋ maroŋ maroŋ correct adj correct adj right/correct 70 salaʔ salaʔ salaʔ incorrect adj incorrect adj wrong/incorrect 71 aru aru aru long adj long adj long 72 biʔiə̯k biʔiə̯k biʔiə̯k short adj short adj short (height/length) 73 bo bo bo tall adj tall adj tall 74 ɲam ɲam ɲam young adj young adj young 75 muku muku muku old (person) adj old (person) adj old (age) 76 mariə̯ŋ mariə̯ŋ mariə̯ŋ new adj new adj new 77 unaʔ unaʔ unaʔ old adj first n first; old (things) 78 kət kət kət thing n thing n unaʔ unaʔ unaʔ old adj first n first; old (things) 79 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro unaʔ unaʔ unaʔ old adj first n te te te go v go v He is the first to go. 80 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro unaʔ unaʔ unaʔ first n first n I am the first 81 basoŋ basoŋ basoŋ shirt n shirt n haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep unaʔ unaʔ unaʔ old adj first n Possibly: Old shirt? 82 * basoŋ basoŋ basoŋ shirt n shirt n unaʔ unaʔ unaʔ old adj old adj (You cannot use una' as a regular adjetive) 83 lume lume lume old (thing) adj old (thing) adj old (things) 84 basoŋ basoŋ basoŋ shirt n shirt n lume lume lume old (thing) adj old (thing) adj old shirt Kayan-Uma-Nyaving-Elrica-2023-02-24_Source.wav 1 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n , pasər pasər pasər store n store n , kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n He went to the store. (Asked for "that man went to the store". Can end in either paser 'store' or kede 'shop') 2 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ( te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n ) That man (went to the store). 3 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro au au au already adv already adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n He (already) went to the store. 4 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv te te te go v go v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro pasər pasər pasər store n store n The man already went to the store. 5 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n The man did not go to the store. 6 kawaʔ kawaʔ kawaʔ 1dl.excl pro 1dl.excl pro te te te go v go v pasər pasər pasər store n store n The two of us went to the store. (Asked for "The man and I went to the store") 7 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n I and Alex went to the store. 8 Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Alex and I went to the store. 9 Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Alex did not go to the store. 10 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Alex did not go to the store. 11 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n The man did not go to the store. 12 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n I did not go to the store. 13 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n (I and Alex did not go to the store.) (Translation uncertain) 14 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Alex and I did not go to the store. (Translation uncertain) 15 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Alex and I did not go to the store. (Translation uncertain) 16 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n I did not go to the store. 17 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n The man and his dog went to the store. 18 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro The man went to the store with his dog. 19 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro I went to the store with him. 20 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I went to the store with him. (More formal than the previous one with naʔ) 21 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro I go to the store with you. (Make suggestions to the addressee) 22 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n dahim dahin dahin with prep -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any with prep I go to the store with you. 23 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n dahiə̯k dahin dahin with prep -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any with prep The man went to the store with me. (Correcting 'dahik' by the elicitor, dahiə̯k means 'with me') 24 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv I went to the store without you. 25 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro Intended: I'm going to the store, will you not? (kaʔ is preferred) 26 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro I'm going to the store, will you not? 27 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro Intended: You are going to the store, are you not? 28 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv Intended: I went to the store, and you did not. 29 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv Are you not going to the store? 30 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahim dahin dahin with prep -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any with prep te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: I and you go to the store. 31 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n I and you go to the store. 32 dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n I and you go to the store. 33 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n I and you go to the store. 34 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n I and you do not go to the store. (You and I are not going to the store) 35 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n I will not go to the store with you. (Refusal) 36 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro I will not go to the store with you. 37 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dahin dahin dahin with prep with prep kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n You and I are not going to the store. (Neither is going) 38 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dəp dəp dəp reflexive n reflexive n te te te go v go v pasər pasər pasər store n store n I alone go to the store. 39 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro dəp dəp dəp reflexive n reflexive n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: I do not go to the store alone. 40 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v pasər pasər pasər store n store n I do not go to the store. 41 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv dəp dəp dəp reflexive n reflexive n te te te go v go v pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: I do not go to the store alone. 42 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jikəm jan jan neg adv ikəm ikəm want v do not want v te te te go v go v dəp dəp dəp reflexive n reflexive n I do not want to go to the store alone. 43 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ikəm ikəm ikəm want v want v te te te go v go v dəp dəp dəp reflexive n reflexive n I do not want to go alone. 44 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jikəm jan jan neg adv ikəm ikəm want v do not want v te te te go v go v pasər pasər pasər store n store n dəp dəp dəp reflexive n reflexive n I do not want to go the store alone. 45 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jikəm jan jan neg adv ikəm ikəm want v do not want v te te te go v go v dəp dəp dəp reflexive n reflexive n pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: I do not want to go to the store alone. 46 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jikəm jan jan neg adv ikəm ikəm want v do not want v te te te go v go v dəp dəp dəp reflexive n reflexive n ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n I do not want to go to the store alone. 47 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n dahim dahin dahin with prep -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any with prep I go to the store with you. 48 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v dahim dahin dahin with prep -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any with prep ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n I go to the store with you. 49 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v dahim dahin dahin with prep -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any with prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: I do not go to the store with you. 50 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v pasər pasər pasər store n store n dahim dahin dahin with prep -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any with prep I go to the store with you. 51 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n I went to the store and bought clothes. 52 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n I already go to the store to buy clothes. 53 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n au au au already adv already adv məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n Intended: I already go to the store to buy clothes. ('au' doubles) 54 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n au au au already adv already adv anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem uli uli uli return.home v return.home v uma uma uma house n house n I went to the store and (then) went home. 55 * au au au already adv already adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n au au au already adv already adv anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem te te te go v go v uli uli uli return.home v return.home v uma uma uma house n house n Intended: I already went to the store and (then) went home. 56 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv uli uli uli return.home v return.home v uma uma uma house n house n Intended: I went to the store and already went home. 57 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro uli uli uli return.home v return.home v uma uma uma house n house n I went home. 58 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv uli uli uli return.home v return.home v uma uma uma house n house n I already went home. 59 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n au au au already adv already adv anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro uli uli uli return.home v return.home v uma uma uma house n house n I went to the store, after that I went home. 60 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n au au au already adv already adv anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n I went to the store, after that I buy clothes (somewhere else). 61 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj I bought pretty clothes. 62 davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj The clothes are pretty. 63 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj The man is pretty. 64 doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj The woman is pretty. 65 kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro You are very pretty. 66 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro Intended: You are not pretty. 67 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj You are not pretty. 68 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj , barəŋ barəŋ barəŋ unattractive adj unattractive adj You are not pretty, (you are) unatrractive. 69 barəŋ barəŋ barəŋ unattractive adj unattractive adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem The man is very unattractive. 70 kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem The clothes are very pretty. 71 kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem The clothes are pretty. 72 davən davən davən clothing n clothing n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v anih anih anih this dem this dem kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj The clothes that I bought are pretty. 73 * davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anih anih anih this dem this dem aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj Intended: The clothes that I bought are pretty. 74 kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj davən davən davən clothing n clothing n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v anih anih anih this dem this dem The clothes that I bought are pretty. 75 kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj davən davən davən clothing n clothing n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v anih anih anih this dem this dem The clothes that I bought are pretty. 76 kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anih anih anih this dem this dem aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v The clothes that I bought are pretty. 77 kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anih anih anih this dem this dem aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v The clothes that I bought are pretty. 78 davən davən davən clothing n clothing n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj The clothes that he bought are pretty. 79 kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj davən davən davən clothing n clothing n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v The clothes that he bought are pretty. 80 kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj davən davən davən clothing n clothing n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v The clothes that he bought are pretty. 81 * kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj davən davən davən clothing n clothing n havak h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any where I n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v Intended: The clothes of the place where I buy things are pretty. (Sounds incomplete) 82 kajo kajo kajo pretty adj pretty adj mərən mərən mərən very adv very adv davən davən davən clothing n clothing n havak h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any where I n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v anih anih anih this dem this dem The clothes of the place where I buy things are pretty. 83 havak h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any where I n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v A place where I buy things. 84 anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem havak h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any where I n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v That's where I buy things. 85 avan avan avan place n place n place 86 havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro (Translation uncertain) 87 avak avan avan place n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any place n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v A place where I buy things. (Translation uncertain) 88 havak h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any where I n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v A place where I buy things. (Translation uncertain) 89 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n havan h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n I went to the store where he buys clothes. Kayan-Uma-Nyaving-Elrica-2023-03-30_Source.wav 1 Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n au au au already adv already adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Alex already went to the store. 2 au au au already adv already adv Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Alex already went to the store. (the same as the above) 3 Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Alex didn't go to the store. 4 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Alex didn't go to the store. 5 Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt Alex didn't go to the store yesterday. 6 * Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: Alex didn't go to the store yesterday. 7 * Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: Alex didn't go to the store yesterday. 8 dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Didn't go to the store yesterday. (Translation unvertain) 9 * Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: Alex didn't go to the store yesterday. 10 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt Alex didn't go to the store yesterday. 11 dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt jan jan jan neg adv neg adv Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Alex didn't go to the store yesterday. 12 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n de de de prt prt prt prt Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: Alex didn't go to the store yesterday. 13 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n dahələm dahələm dahələm yesterday n yesterday n deh deh deh prt prt prt prt te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: Alex didn't go to the store yesterday. 14 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro au au au already adv already adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n He already went to the store. 15 au au au already adv already adv ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n He already went to the store. 16 au au au already adv already adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n He already went to the store. 17 * haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep au au au already adv already adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: He already went to the store. (ungrammatical to start with "haʔ") 18 * au au au already adv already adv naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: He already went to the store. 19 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n He didn't go to the store. 20 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n He didn't go to the store. 21 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: He already went to the store. 22 * haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: He already went to the store. (Must be "ihaʔ" to be grammatical) 23 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n He already went to the store. 24 * naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v ha ha ha at prep at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: He already went to the store. (Must be "ihaʔ" to be grammatical) 25 hinan hinaʔ hinaʔ mother n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category mother n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his mother 26 taman taman taman father n father n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro , harin harin hariʔ sibling n sibling n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his father, his sibling 27 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his dog 28 * asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep Intended: his dog 29 * asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro , * anih anih anih this dem this dem asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro Intended: his dog. Intended: This is his dog. 30 anih anih anih this dem this dem asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro This is his dog. 31 usu usu usu arm n arm n hand 32 usu usu usu arm n arm n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his hand 33 kərita kərita kərita car n car n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his car 34 * kərita kərita kərita car n car n ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro Intended: his car 35 * kərita kərita kərita car n car n haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep Intended: his car 36 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n Intended: he cannot eat rice. 37 kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n to eat rice 38 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep dəŋ dəŋ dəŋ can preverb can preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n He cannot eat rice. 39 * Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kəre anih kəre anih kəre anih right now adv right now adv / 40 Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v Alex already ate. 41 Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kəre anih kəre anih kəre anih right now adv right now adv Alex is eating right now. 42 Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kəre anih kəre anih kəre anih right now adv right now adv Alex isn't eating right now. 43 Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem Alex already ate this rice. 44 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v Alex already ate this rice. 45 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem au au au already adv already adv Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v Alex already ate this rice. 46 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem au au au already adv already adv ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v He already ate this rice. 47 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem au au au already adv already adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v He already ate this rice. 48 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem au au au already adv already adv naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v He already ate this rice. 49 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v He already ate this rice. 50 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem au au au already adv already adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v He already ate this rice. 51 anih anih anih this dem this dem au au au already adv already adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v He already ate this rice. 52 anih anih anih this dem this dem haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v He already ate this rice. 53 * kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v Intended: He already ate this rice. 54 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v The dog is sleeping. 55 * asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v Intended: The dog is sleeping. (Understandable but ungrammatical) 56 * asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v Intended: That dog is still sleeping. (Ungrammatical without anən) 57 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v That dog is still sleeping. (Correction) 58 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem that dog 59 aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem That dog is still sleeping. 60 aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kəre anih kəre anih kəre anih right now adv right now adv The dog is sleeping right now. 61 * aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v kəre anih kəre anih kəre anih right now adv right now adv asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Intended: The dog is sleeping right now. 62 kəre anih kəre anih kəre anih right now adv right now adv aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem The dog is sleeping right now. 63 aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v That dog is still sleeping. 64 aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v kəre anih kəre anih kəre anih right now adv right now adv The dog is sleeping right now. 65 * aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kəre anih kəre anih kəre anih right now adv right now adv tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v Intended: The dog is sleeping right now. 66 * aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kəre anih kəre anih kəre anih right now adv right now adv asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v Intended: The dog is sleeping right now. 67 * asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep kəre anih kəre anih kəre anih right now adv right now adv tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v Intended: The dog is sleeping right now. 68 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v Intended: It (refers to "the dog") is sleeping. (ihaʔ cannot be used for dog) 69 * anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v Intended: It (refers to the dog) is sleeping. (Response implies this is ungrammatical) 70 kət kət kət thing n thing n thing 71 kət kət kət thing n thing n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem that thing 72 kət kət kət thing n thing n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v That thing (it) is still sleeping. (Unsure if kət can be used for dogs) 73 hinoʔ h- h- at Inflects any category inoʔ inoʔ where interrog where interrog asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro Where is your dog? 74 noʔ hinoʔ hinoʔ where interrog where interrog asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro Where is your dog? 75 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro ha ha ha at prep at prep uma uma uma house n house n Intended: He (refers to the dog) is at home. ("ihaʔ" be used for dog, judged ungrammatical later) 76 * naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro ha ha ha at prep at prep uma uma uma house n house n Intended: He (refers to the dog) is at home. 77 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v kə ha ha ha at prep at prep uma uma uma house n house n (the dog is) at home. 78 noʔ hinoʔ hinoʔ where interrog where interrog , noʔ hinoʔ hinoʔ where interrog where interrog asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro , teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v kə ha ha ha at prep at prep uma uma uma house n house n Question: Where is the dog? Answer: At home. 79 * asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v kə ha ha ha at prep at prep uma uma uma house n house n Intended: the dog is at home. (Does not need asoʔ here.) 80 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my dog 81 * asok asoʔ asoʔ dog n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any dog n Intended: my dog 82 ba ba ba mouth n mouth kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my mouth 83 * bak ba ba mouth n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any Intended: my mouth 84 ba ba ba mouth n mouth kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro your mouth 85 * bam ba ba mouth n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any Intended: your mouth 86 ba ba ba mouth n mouth naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his mouth 87 * ban ba ba mouth n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro Intended: his mouth 88 buloʔ buloʔ buloʔ body hair n hair n body hair 89 buloʔ buloʔ buloʔ body hair n hair n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my body hair 90 bulok buloʔ buloʔ body hair n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any body hair n my body hair 91 buloʔ buloʔ buloʔ body hair n hair n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro your body hair 92 bulum buloʔ buloʔ body hair n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any body hair n your hair (Correction of bulom) 93 buloʔ buloʔ buloʔ body hair n hair n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his body hair 94 anit anit anit skin n skin n skin 95 anit anit anit skin n skin n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my skin 96 * anik anit anit skin n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any skin n , * anyək anit anit skin n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any skin n Intended: my skin 97 anit anit anit skin n skin n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro your skin 98 * anim anit anit skin n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any skin n Intended: your skin 99 anit anit anit skin n skin n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his skin 100 * anin anit anit skin n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category skin n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro Intended: his skin 101 hiveh hiveh hiveh lip n lip n lips 102 hiveh hiveh hiveh lip n lip n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my lips 103 * hivek hiveh hiveh lip n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any lip n Intended: my lips 104 hiveh hiveh hiveh lip n lip n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro your lips 105 * hivem hiveh hiveh lip n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any lip n Intended: your lips 106 hiveh hiveh hiveh lip n lip n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his lips 107 * hiven hiveh hiveh lip n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category lip n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro Intended: his lips 108 jaʔan jaʔan jaʔan chin n chin n chin, jaw 109 jaʔan jaʔan jaʔan chin n chin n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my chin 110 jaʔak jaʔan jaʔan chin n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any chin n my chin 111 jaʔan jaʔan jaʔan chin n chin n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro your chin 112 jaʔam jaʔan jaʔan chin n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any chin n your chin 113 jaʔan jaʔan jaʔan chin n chin n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his chin 114 usu usu usu arm n arm n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my hand 115 * usuk usu usu arm n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any Intended: my hand 116 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro your dog 117 * asom asoʔ asoʔ dog n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any dog n Intended: your dog 118.1 asoʔ asoʔ asoʔ dog n dog n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro . his dog 118.2 * ason asoʔ asoʔ dog n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category dog n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro Intended: his dog 119 tudək tudək tudək leg n leg n leg 120 tudək tudək tudək leg n leg n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my leg 121 tudək tudək tudək leg n leg n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro your leg 122 * tudəm tudək tudək leg n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any leg n Intended: your leg 123 tudək tudək tudək leg n leg n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his leg 124 * tudən tudək tudək leg n -n -n 3sg.gen2 Inflects any category leg n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro Intended: his leg 125 batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n stone 126 doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n The woman threw a stone. 127 doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n ha ha ha at prep at prep Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n The woman threw a stone at Alex. 128 doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n mən mən mən for prep to prep Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n The woman threw a stone to (give it to) Alex. (use mən when giving something to somebody) 129 doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n ha ha ha at prep at prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro The woman threw a stone at me. 130 * doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n ha ha ha at prep at prep kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro Intended: The woman threw a stone at me. (Didn't judge it as grammatical "I don't know") 131 * doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n hak ha ha at prep -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any Intended: The woman threw a stone at me. (hak is ungrammatical) 132 doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n ha ha ha at prep at prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro The woman threw a stone at you. 133 * doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n ha ha ha at prep at prep kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro Intended: The woman threw a stone at you. 134 * doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n ham ha ha at prep -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any Intended: The woman threw a stone at you. 135 doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n ha ha ha at prep at prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro The woman threw a stone at him. 136 * doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n ha ha ha at prep at prep haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep Intended: The woman threw a stone at him. 137 * doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n ha ha ha at prep at prep naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro Intended: The woman threw a stone at him. 138 doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n mən mən mən for prep to prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro The woman threw a stone to (give it to) him. 139 * doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n mən mən mən for prep to prep haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep Intended: The woman threw a stone to (give it to) him. 140 * doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n mən mən mən for prep to prep naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro Intended: The woman threw a stone to (give it to) him. 141 * doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n mə naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro Intended: The woman threw a stone to (give it to) him. 142 * doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem məso mə- mə- verb ???>v so so throw v throw v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: The woman threw a stone to (give it to) me. (Didn't judge it as grammatical "I don't know") 143 doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro The woman gave a stone to me. (Correction of the above) 144 * doh doh doh woman n woman n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n mən mən mən for prep to prep kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro Intended: The woman gave a stone to me. (kuy makes it ungrammatical here) 145 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I accidentally hit/struck you; I got hit/struck by you 146 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I (physically) bumped into you/I got bumped into by you. 147 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n I was hit by a rock. Kayan-Uma-Nyaving-Elrica-2023-04-13_Source.wav 1 harin harin hariʔ sibling n sibling n sibling 2 harin harin hariʔ sibling n sibling n aya aya aya big adj big adj older sibling 3 aya aya aya big adj big adj big 4 hariə̯k harin hariʔ sibling n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any sibling n my sibling 5 harim harin hariʔ sibling n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any sibling n your sibling 6 harin harin hariʔ sibling n sibling n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his sibling 7 harin harin hariʔ sibling n sibling n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my sibling 8 harin harin hariʔ sibling n sibling n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro your sibling 9 anak anak anak child n child n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my child 10 anak anak anak child n child n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro your child 11 * anam anak anak child n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any child n Intended: your child 12 anak anak anak child n child n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his child 13 taman taman taman father n father n father 14 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n my father 15 taman taman taman father n father n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my father 16 tamam taman taman father n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any father n your father 17 taman taman taman father n father n kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro your father 18 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n mən mən mən for prep to prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I cooked for you. 19 mən mən mən for prep to prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n I cooked for you. 20 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro mən mən mən for prep to prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n Intended: I cooked for you. 21 # akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro mən mən mən for prep to prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n I cooked for you. (marginally grammatical) 22 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n mən mən mən for prep to prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I cooked for you. 23 # akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n mən mən mən for prep to prep kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro I cooked for you. (Understandable, but better with ikaʔ) 24 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n mən mən mən for prep to prep im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt Intended: I cooked for you. 25 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n məm mə -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any Intended: I cooked for you. 26 * naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n mən mən mən for prep to prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro Intended: I cooked for you. 27 naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro mən mən mən for prep to prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I cooked for you. 28 naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n mən mən mən for prep to prep ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I cooked for you. 29 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro He cooked for me. 30 # ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro taŋoh taŋoh taŋoh dish n vegetable n mən mən mən for prep to prep kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro He cooked for me. (better with akuy) 31 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro He gave a letter to me. 32 mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n He gave a letter to me. 33 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n Intended: He gave a letter to me. 34 # ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro surat surat surat letter n letter n He gave a letter to me. 35 # ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro surat surat surat letter n letter n He gave a letter to me. 36 # ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro He gave a letter to me. (Grammatical but better with akuy) 37 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I gave a letter to him. 38 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro Intended: I gave a letter to him. 39 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep Intended: I gave a letter to him. 40 anih anih anih this dem this dem surat surat surat letter n letter n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro This is the letter that he gave me. 41 # anih anih anih this dem this dem surat surat surat letter n letter n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v mən mən mən for prep to prep kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro This is the letter that he gave me. (Grammatical but better with akuy) 42 anih anih anih this dem this dem surat surat surat letter n letter n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro This is the letter that somebody gave me. 43 anih anih anih this dem this dem surat surat surat letter n letter n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro This is the letter that he gave me. (Grammatical but better with ihaʔ) 44 anih anih anih this dem this dem surat surat surat letter n letter n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro This is the letter that you gave me. 45 anih anih anih this dem this dem surat surat surat letter n letter n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro This is the letter that you gave me. (kaʔ is as good as ikaʔ, and both sentences mean the same thing.) 46 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro He did not give a letter to me. 47 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro He did not give a letter to me. (Mean the same thing as the above) 48 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: He did not give a letter to me. 49 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro He did not give a letter to me. 50 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I gave a letter to him. 51 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I did not give a letter to him. 52 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I did not give a letter to him. 53 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro I did not give a letter to him. 54 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n taman kuy=tamak 55 * jak jan jan neg adv -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any neg adv maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v surat surat surat letter n letter n mən mən mən for prep to prep ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro Intended: I did not give a letter to him. (jak is not a word, intended: jan kuy) 56 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem mən mən mən for prep to prep kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n I bought the shirt from that store. 57 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n shop, store 58 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anih anih anih this dem this dem that store (specify a store that you know) 59 kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n anoʔ anoʔ anoʔ which interrog which interrog ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Which store did you buy the shirt from? 60 anih anih anih this dem this dem kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n havak h- h- at Inflects any category avan avan place n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any where I n məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem That is the store that I bought this shirt from. 61 anih anih anih this dem this dem kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n mən mən mən for prep to prep That is the store that I bought this shirt from. 62 * mən mən mən for prep to prep anih anih anih this dem this dem kəde kəde kəde shop n shop n aləŋ aləŋ aləŋ rel rel rel rel akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro məleʔ məleʔ məleʔ buy v buy v davən davən davən clothing n clothing n Intended: That is the store that I bought this shirt from. 63 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v The rice can be eaten. 64 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v The rice was already eaten. 65 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v The rice was eaten (like someone stole it). 66 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem au au au already adv already adv gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v The rice was already eaten. The rice was already eaten. 67 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v The rice was eaten by me. 68 kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v The rice was eaten by him. 69 * kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: The rice was eaten by me. 70 kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v caught by/because of 71 * kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n anih anih anih this dem this dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v kəlak kəlan kəlan because of prep -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any because of prep Intended: The rice was eaten by me. 72 masiə̯k masiə̯k masiə̯k fish n fish n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro The fish was caught by me/I caught this fish. 73 * masiə̯k masiə̯k masiə̯k fish n fish n kəlak kəlan kəlan caught v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any caught v Fish was caught by me/I caught fish. 74 masiə̯k masiə̯k masiə̯k fish n fish n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kəlak kəlan kəlan caught v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any caught v Fish was caught by me/I caught fish. 75 masiə̯k masiə̯k masiə̯k fish n fish n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro Fish was caught by me/I caught fish. 76 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v What did you get? 77 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro What did you get? 78 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro What did you get? 79 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v nun nun nun what interrog what interrog Intended: What did you get? (Ungrammatical, does not mean "what got you") 80 * nun nun nun what interrog what interrog ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v Intended: What did you get? 81 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v masiə̯k masiə̯k masiə̯k fish n fish n The fish caught me. 82 * masiə̯k masiə̯k masiə̯k fish n fish n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kəlak kəlan kəlan caught v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any caught v Intended: I did not catch the fish. 83 masiə̯k masiə̯k masiə̯k fish n fish n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kəlak kəlan kəlan caught v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any caught v I did not catch the fish. (Correction) 84 jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v there is no 85 jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v masiə̯k masiə̯k masiə̯k fish n fish n kəlak kəlan kəlan caught v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any caught v I did not catch any fish. 86 jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v kəlak kəlan kəlan caught v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any caught v I didn’t catch anything. 87 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ləgak ləgak ləgak fall v fall v I fell. (accidently) 88 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ləgak ləgak ləgak fall v fall v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I fell because of you. 89 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ləgak ləgak ləgak fall v fall v kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v I fell because of you. 90 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ləgak ləgak ləgak fall v fall v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n anih anih anih this dem this dem I fell because of that rock. 91 kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v batoʔ batoʔ batoʔ stone n stone n anih anih anih this dem this dem akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro ləgak ləgak ləgak fall v fall v Because of that rock I fell. 92 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro I am scared because of him. 93 kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v because of 94 məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v to hit 95 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro Intended: He hit me because of you. (Understandable but kəlan should not be used here) 96 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro tavit tavit tavit because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro He hit me because of you. 97 tavit tavit tavit because coordconn because coordconn because 98 tavit tavit tavit because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro because of you 99 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v tavit tavit tavit because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I am scared because of you. 100 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt I am scared because of you. (No difference from tavit ikaʔ above) 101 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v I am afraid because of you. (No difference from tavit ikaʔ above) 102 kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v because of you 103 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro Intended: I was hit because of you. 104 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v Intended: I was hit because of you. 105 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v tavit tavit tavit because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro Intended: I was hit because of you. (Correction: use gaʔ instead of an) 106 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v tavit tavit tavit because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I was hit because of you. 107 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v I was hit because of you. Kayan-Uma-Nyaving-Elrica-2023-04-20_Source.wav 1 Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Alex did not go to that store. 2 kəlunan kəlunan kəlunan person n person n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem bara bara bara say v say v Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n The man said that Alex did not go to the store. 3 bara bara bara say v say v to say 4 kəlunan kəlunan kəlunan person n person n the person 5 kəlunan kəlunan kəlunan person n person n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem bara bara bara say v say v jan jan jan neg adv neg adv Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n The man said that Alex did not go to the store. 6 kəlunan kəlunan kəlunan person n person n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem bara bara bara say v say v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n The man said that he did not go to the store. 7 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n bara bara bara say v say v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n My father said that he did not go to the store. 8 * tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n bara bara bara say v say v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: My father said that he did not go to the store. 9 * tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n bara bara bara say v say v naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: My father said that he did not go to the store. 10 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n bara bara bara say v say v jan jan jan neg adv neg adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n My father said that he did not go to the store. 11 * tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n bara bara bara say v say v jan jan jan neg adv neg adv naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: My father said that he did not go to the store. 12 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n bara bara bara say v say v au au au already adv already adv haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n My father said he already went to the store. 13 * tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n bara bara bara say v say v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep au au au already adv already adv te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: My father said he already went to the store. 14 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n bara bara bara say v say v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro au au au already adv already adv te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n My father said he already went to the store. (Correction of the above) 15 haba maybe 16 haba haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Maybe he went to the store. 17 haba ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Maybe he went to the store. (Same as the above) 18 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro haba te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: Maybe he went to the store. 19 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv haba Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: Maybe Alex did not go to the store. 20 haba jan jan jan neg adv neg adv Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Maybe Alex did not go to the store. 21 haba te te te go v go v pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Maybe I will go to the store. 22 te te te go v go v pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt 23 * haba te te te go v go v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: Maybe I will go to the store. (Ungrammatical without pəh) 24 haba akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Maybe I went to the store. 25 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro haba te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Maybe I went to the store. 26 haba kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro te te te go v go v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Maybe I went to the store. 27 te te te go v go v pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n I went to the store. 28 te te te go v go v pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n , jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro I went to the store, but did not find the thing that I want. 29 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro te te te go v go v pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep pasər pasər pasər store n store n Intended: I went to the store. (strange by itself) 30 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v anih anih anih this dem this dem I already ate this. 31 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro au au au already adv already adv kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt anih anih anih this dem this dem I already ate this. (Sounds like "I do not need anything else") 32 kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro anih anih anih this dem this dem I also eat this. 33 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem , kuman kuman kuman eat v eat v pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt anih anih anih this dem this dem I eat this, also eat this. 34 haba ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nanək nanək nanək cook rice v cook rice v kanən kanən kanən cooked.rice n cooked.rice n Maybe later I will cook rice. (Uncertain if it is grammatical as the informant gives no comment) 35 pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt also 36 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro sin sin sin money n money n My father gave me money. 37 sin sin sin money n money n money 38 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro sin sin sin money n money n My father gave me money. 39 * tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v sin sin sin money n money n akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: My father gave me money. 40 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v sin sin sin money n money n mən mən mən for prep to prep akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro My father gave money to me. 41 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro sin sin sin money n money n My father gave him money. 42 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v haʔ haʔ ihaʔ 3s pro at prep sin sin sin money n money n My father gave him money. 43 * tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro sin sin sin money n money n Intended: My father gave him money. 44 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro sin sin sin money n money n My father also gave me money. (Translation uncertain) 45 * tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt sin sin sin money n money n Intended: My father also gave me money. (Translation uncertain) 46 * tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro sin sin sin money n money n Intended: My father also gave me money. (Translation uncertain) 47 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro sin sin sin money n money n My father did not give me money. 48 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt jan jan jan neg adv neg adv maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro sin sin sin money n money n My father also did not give me money. (Can be used in a situation where "my mother didn't give me money, my father didn not give me money, either) 49 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro sin sin sin money n money n My father also didn't give me money. 50 tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n jan jan jan neg adv neg adv maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro sin sin sin money n money n My father also didn't give me money. 51 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I cut down that tree. 52 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was cut down. 53 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was already cut down. 54 * kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: The tree was already cut down. 55 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was already cut down by me. 56 * kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: The tree was already cut down by me. 57 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was cut down by Alex. 58 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem au au au already adv already adv Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was cut down by Alex. 59 au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem The tree was already cut down. 60 təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v to fell/to be cut 61 au au au already adv already adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem The tree was already cut down by Alex. 62 au au au already adv already adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem The tree was already cut down by me. 63 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I haven't cut down the tree yet. 64 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Intended: I haven't cut down the tree yet. 65 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro payan payan payan yet adv yet adv nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Intended: I haven't cut down the tree yet. 66 * jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro payan payan payan yet adv yet adv nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Intended: I haven't cut down the tree yet. 67 * kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: The tree was not cut down. (have to use "nəvəŋ" here) 68 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was not cut down. 69 hapaʔ hapaʔ hapaʔ maybe adv maybe adv ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Maybe later I will cut down the tree. 70 * hapaʔ hapaʔ hapaʔ maybe adv maybe adv ŋahəp ŋahəp ŋahəp 1 later adv later adv pəh pəh pəh unknown prt unknown prt akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Intended: Maybe later I will cut down the tree. (have to use "nəvəŋ" here) 71 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v I haven't cut down the tree yet. 72 * kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro payan payan payan yet adv yet adv nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: I haven't cut down the tree yet. 73 * kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv payan payan payan yet adv yet adv nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: I haven't cut down the tree yet. 74 hi hi hi who interrog who interrog anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Who is that? 75 * an an an pass preverb pass preverb hi hi hi who interrog who interrog kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: Who cut down the tree? 76 * an an an pass preverb pass preverb hi hi hi who interrog who interrog kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: Who cut down the tree? 77 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb hi hi hi who interrog who interrog nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v Who cut down the tree? 78 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb hi hi hi who interrog who interrog təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v Who cut down the tree? (have to use təvəŋ here) 79 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb Mitcho nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was cut down by Mitcho. 80 * kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: The tree was cut down. (corrected with təvəŋ) 81 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was cut down. (have to use təvəŋ) 82 an an an pass preverb pass preverb hi hi hi who interrog who interrog təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v cut down by whom? 83 * an an an pass preverb pass preverb hi hi hi who interrog who interrog nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: cut down by whom? 84 * anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb hi hi hi who interrog who interrog təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: Who cut down the tree? 85 * an an an pass preverb pass preverb hi hi hi who interrog who interrog təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Intended: Who cut down the tree? 86 an an an pass preverb pass preverb hi hi hi who interrog who interrog nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem Intended: Who cut down the tree? 87 * Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n an an an pass preverb pass preverb maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v sin sin sin money n money n Intended: Alex was given money. 88 Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n an an an pass preverb pass preverb dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v sin sin sin money n money n Alex was given money. 89 * Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n an an an pass preverb pass preverb maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v sin sin sin money n money n Intended: Alex was given money. 90 * Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v sin sin sin money n money n Intended: Alex was given money. 91 Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n an an an pass preverb pass preverb tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v sin sin sin money n money n Alex was given money by my father. 92 sin sin sin money n money n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n The money was given Alex by my father. 93 sin sin sin money n money n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v mən mən mən for prep to prep Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n The money was given by my father to Alex. 94 * sin sin sin money n money n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n Intended: The money was given to Alex. 95 sin sin sin money n money n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n The money was given to Alex by them. 96 * sin sin sin money n money n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v mən mən mən for prep to prep Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n Intended: The money was given by them to Alex. 97 sin sin sin money n money n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v mən mən mən for prep to prep Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n The money was given by them to Alex. 98 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was cut down by someone. 99 * kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro nəvəŋ nəvəŋ nəvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: The tree was cut down by someone. 100 * Mitcho an an an pass preverb pass preverb tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v sin sin sin money n money n mən mən mən for prep to prep My father gave money to Mitcho. 101 mən mən mən for prep to prep Mitcho an an an pass preverb pass preverb tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v sin sin sin money n money n My father gave money to Mitcho. 102 mən mən mən for prep to prep Mitcho sin sin sin money n money n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v The money was given to Mitcho by my father. 103 sin sin sin money n money n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem mən mən mən for prep to prep Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n an an an pass preverb pass preverb tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v The money was given to Alex by my father. 104 * Mitcho sin sin sin money n money n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v Intended: The money was given to Mitcho by my father. 105 * Alex Alex Alex p. name n p. name n sin sin sin money n money n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb tamak taman taman father n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any my father n maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v Intended: The money was given to Alex by my father. Kayan-Uma-Nyaving-Elrica-2023-06-15_Source.wav 1 hariʔ hariʔ hariʔ sibling n sibling n sibling 2 harin harin hariʔ sibling n sibling n sibling 3 harin harin hariʔ sibling n sibling n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro her sibling 4 matak matan matan eye n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any eye n my eyes 5 hikoʔ hikun hikun elbow n elbow n "not sure if it's a word" 6 hikun hikun hikun elbow n elbow n elbow 7 aran aran aran name n name n name 8 arak aran aran name n -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any name n my name 9 aram aran aran name n -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any your name 10 aran aran aran name n name n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro his/her name my name 11 huloʔ 12 hulun hulun hulun finger nail n finger nail n finger nail 13 avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn 14 tavit tavit tavit because coordconn because coordconn 15 kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v 16 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro nəreʔ nəreʔ nəreʔ yell v yell v te te te go v go v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro I am angry because you yelled at me. 17 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v tavit tavit tavit because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro nəreʔ nəreʔ nəreʔ yell v yell v te te te go v go v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro I am angry because you yelled at me. 18 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro nəreʔ nəreʔ nəreʔ yell v yell v te te te go v go v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: I am angry because you yelled at me. 19 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v tavit tavit tavit because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I'm scared because of you. 20 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I'm scared because of you. 21 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro I'm scared because of you. 22 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v I'm scared because of you. 23 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro I'm scared because of you. 24 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro I am angry because you hit me. 25 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v tavit tavit tavit because coordconn because coordconn akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v I am angry because you hit me. 26 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v Intended: I am angry because you hit me. 27 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro manoʔ manoʔ manoʔ angry v angry v kəlan kəlan kəlan caught v caught v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: I am angry because you hit me. 28 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v I was hit. 29 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v Intended: I was hit. 30 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v I was hit. 31 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v I was not hit. 32 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v I was not hit. 33 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v jan jan jan neg adv neg adv məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v Intended: I was not hit. 34 jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v I was not hit. 35 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v Intended: I was not hit. 36 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v Intended: I was not hit. 37 * inun Not a word. 38 * hipun hipun hipun have v have v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v Intended: I got hit. 39 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro hipun hipun hipun have v have v gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v Intended: I got hit. 40 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was cut down. 41 * jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: The tree was not cut down. 42 * kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v an an an pass preverb pass preverb təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: The tree was not cut down. 43 * jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: The tree was not cut down. 44 jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v I was not hit. 45 jan jan jan neg adv neg adv kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was not cut down. 46 kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was not cut down. 47 jinun jinun jinun neg.exist v neg.exist v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n There are no trees. 48 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v I was hit. 49 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v I was hit. 50 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v Intended: I was hit. 51 * teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v Intended: I was hit. 52 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v Intended: I was hit. 53 # akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v I was hit. (Marginally gammatical) 54 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v I was hit. 55 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree is cut down. 56 * kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v Intended: The tree was cut down. 57 teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n an an an pass preverb pass preverb təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was cut down. 58 * kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n teʔ teʔ teʔ 1 exist v exist v an an an pass preverb pass preverb təvəŋ təvəŋ təvəŋ fell v fell v The tree was cut down. 59 *[ inun ] im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt na na na make v make v Intended: What are you doing? 60 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt na na na make v make v What are you doing (formal) 61 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro na na na make v make v What are you doing (formal) 62 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog an an an pass preverb pass preverb gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v na na na make v make v What are you doing? 63 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro na na na make v make v What is he doing? 64 nun nun nun what interrog what interrog ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro What is he doing (formal) 65 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro na na na make v make v kət kət kət thing n thing n . He is doing something. 66 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro na na na make v make v uma uma uma house n house n He is building a house. 67 uma uma uma house n house n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro na na na make v make v He is building the house/the house is being built by him. 68 uma uma uma house n house n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem jan jan jan neg adv neg adv an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro na na na make v make v He is not building the house/the house is not being built by him. 69 * uma uma uma house n house n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro jan jan jan neg adv neg adv na na na make v make v Intended: He is not building the house/the house is not being built by him. 70 mija mija mija table n table n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro na na na make v make v pake pake pake use v use v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n This table is made from wood. 71 mija mija mija table n table n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb na na na make v make v pake pake pake use v use v kayoʔ kayoʔ kayoʔ wood n tree n This table is made from wood. 72 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro na na na make v make v mija mija mija table n table n He is making a table. ihaʔ aləm na mija: He is making a table right now. 73 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro aləm aləm aləm inside prep inside prep na na na make v make v mija mija mija table n table n He is making a table right now. 74 mija mija mija table n table n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro The table is made by him. 75 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro na na na make v make v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v You woke me up. 76 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro na na na make v make v maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v Intended: I was woken up by you. 77 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v Intended: I was woken up by you. 78 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v Intended: I woke up because of you. 79 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v I woke up because of you. 80 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v Intended: I woke up because of you. 81 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v Intended: I was woken up. 82 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v tavit tavit tavit because coordconn because coordconn kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro I woke up because of you. 83 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro I woke up because of you. 84 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: You woke me up. 85 məgoh məgoh məgoh wake up v wake up v to wake up 86 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro məgoh məgoh məgoh wake up v wake up v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro You woke me up. 87 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məgoh məgoh məgoh wake up v wake up v I was waken up. 88 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məgoh məgoh məgoh wake up v wake up v kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v I was woken up by you. 89 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məgoh məgoh məgoh wake up v wake up v tavit tavit tavit because coordconn because coordconn kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro Intended: I was woken up by you. 90 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məgoh məgoh məgoh wake up v wake up v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro Intended: I was woken up by you. 91 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v məgoh məgoh məgoh wake up v wake up v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: I woke up because you hit me. 92 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v avin avin avin because coordconn because coordconn ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro məteʔ məteʔ məteʔ hit v hit v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro I woke up because you hit me. 93 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro na na na make v make v ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v I made him sleep. 94 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro na na na make v make v tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v Intended: He was made to sleep by me. 95 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pətudu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any tudu tudu sleep v put to sleep v He was made to sleep by me. 96 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro na na na make v make v an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v Intended: He was made to sleep by me. 97 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v Intended: He was made to sleep. 98 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v na na na make v make v tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v He was made to sleep by me. 99 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v pətudu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any tudu tudu sleep v put to sleep v He was made to sleep. 100 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v pətudu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any tudu tudu sleep v put to sleep v kəlak kəlan kəlan caught v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any caught v He was made to sleep by me. 101 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pətudu pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any tudu tudu sleep v put to sleep v He was made to sleep. 102 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v Intended: He slept. 103 ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v He sleeps. 104 * ihaʔ ihaʔ ihaʔ 3s pro 3s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v tudu tudu tudu sleep v sleep v Intended: he got some sleep. (uncertain) 105 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro na na na make v make v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro takut takut takut afraid v afraid v You make me scared. 106 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro na na na make v make v takut takut takut afraid v afraid v Intended: You made me scared. 107 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v takut takut takut afraid v afraid v Intended: I got scared. 108 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v na na na make v make v takut takut takut afraid v afraid v Intended: I got scared. 109 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v nakut nakut nakut scare v scare v Intended: I got scared. 110 * ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro nakut nakut nakut scare v scare v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro Intended: I got scared. 111 nakut nakut nakut scare v scare v Intended: Made correction with "pətakut" 112 pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v to scare 113 ikaʔ ikaʔ ikaʔ 2s pro 2s pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro You scared me. 114 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v I was scared. 115 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v Intended: I was scared. 116 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v I was scared by you. 117 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v I was scared by you. (Mean the same thing as the above) 118 kət kət kət thing n thing n thing 119 kət kət kət thing n thing n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro my thing 120 anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kət kət kət thing n thing n kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro That is my thing. 121 * anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro Intended: That's mine. 122 anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem anok anon anon own v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any own v That's mine. 123 * anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem kət kət kət thing n thing n an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro Intended: The thing is mine. 124 * kət kət kət thing n thing n an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro Intended: my thing 125 * kət kət kət thing n thing n ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro Intended: my thing 126 maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v to give 127 * maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro Intended: give me 128 maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro give me 129 maʔe maʔe maʔe give v give v kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro give me 130 * maʔek maʔe maʔe give v -k -k 1s.gen2 n:Any Intended: give me 131 an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I scared the man. 132 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v The man was scared by me. 133 lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v The man was scared by me. 134 an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v lakeʔ lakeʔ lakeʔ man n man n anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I scared the man. 135 an an an pass preverb pass preverb kuy kuy kuy 1s.gen pro 1s.gen pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v pake pake pake use v use v anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I scared the man. 136 ak ak ak 1s.short pro 1s.short pro pətakut pə- pə- 1 caus v:Any takut takut afraid v scare v pake pake pake use v use v anən anən anən that.dist dem that.dist dem I scared the man. (The same as the above) Kayan-Uma-Nyaving-Elrica-2023-06-30_Source.wav 1 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v I was woken up. 2 * akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v I was woken up. 3 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v I was woken up by him. 4 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb kaʔ kaʔ kaʔ 2s.gen pro 2s.gen pro maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v I was woken up by you. 5 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro im im im 2s.pass prt 2s.pass prt maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v I was woken up by you. 6 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v I was woken up by you. 7 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro gaʔ gaʔ gaʔ get v get v maʔol maʔol maʔol wake.up v wake.up v kəlam kəlan kəlan caught v -m -m 2s.gen2 n:Any caught v na na na make v make v I was woken up by you. 8 nutoŋ N- N- verb ???>v tutoŋ tutoŋ burn v burn v to burn 9 * uma uma uma house n house n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro nutoŋ N- N- verb ???>v tutoŋ tutoŋ burn v burn v Intendedː His house is burning. (have to use tutoŋ here) 10 uma uma uma house n house n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro tutoŋ tutoŋ tutoŋ burn v burn v . His house is burning. (correcting the last sentence) 11 akuy akuy akuy 1s pro 1s pro nutoŋ N- N- verb ???>v tutoŋ tutoŋ burn v burn v uma uma uma house n house n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro I burnt his house. I burn his house. 12 * uma uma uma house n house n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb nutoŋ N- N- verb ???>v tutoŋ tutoŋ burn v burn v Intendedː His house is being burnt. (Corrected with next sentence) 13 uma uma uma house n house n naʔ naʔ naʔ 3s.gen pro 3s.gen pro an an an pass preverb pass preverb dahaʔ dahaʔ dahaʔ 3pl pro 3pl pro nutoŋ N- N- verb ???>v tutoŋ tutoŋ burn v burn v His house is being burnt. (Correcting the last sentence)