Transcription 00:00:00.000 00:00:32.001 %ignore% Transcription 00:00:32.001 00:00:48.026 Okay, yeah, so from last time there was this sentence, akuy gaʔ məgoh, right? And that was like, I was woken up? Transcription 00:00:48.026 00:00:54.751 Can I replace gaʔ there? Can I say *akuy an məgoh? Transcription 00:00:54.751 00:00:58.151 *akuy an məgoh, no. Transcription 00:00:58.151 00:01:00.588 So *akuy an məgoh sounds bad. Transcription 00:01:00.588 00:01:07.351 Mm, yeah. Transcription 00:01:07.351 00:01:09.851 Okay. Transcription 00:01:09.851 00:01:12.613 What if I said like akuy an naʔ məgoh? Transcription 00:01:12.613 00:01:26.751 akuy an naʔ məgoh, yeah, can. [It sounds better, okay.] Transcription 00:01:26.751 00:01:31.001 And so I guess I could say it like akuy, akuy an kaʔ məgoh? Transcription 00:01:31.001 00:01:38.201 akuy an kaʔ məgoh, yeah. Transcription 00:01:38.201 00:01:52.051 And Probably akuy im məgoh, it is fine? [akuy im məgoh, yeah.] Okay. Transcription 00:01:52.051 00:01:55.738 It's just *akuy an məgoh that doesn't sound good, right? Transcription 00:01:55.738 00:01:58.651 Mm, *akuy an məgoh, yeah. Transcription 00:01:58.651 00:02:03.238 Okay, so... Transcription 00:02:03.238 00:02:13.838 If I say... Transcription 00:02:13.838 00:02:16.501 akuy gaʔ məgoh kəlam... Transcription 00:02:16.501 00:02:21.588 akuy gaʔ məgoh kəlam [Or let's say something different, let's say akuy gaʔ məgoh kəlam na, right?] Transcription 00:02:21.588 00:02:25.388 That's fine? [Yeah, akuy gaʔ məgoh kəlam na] Transcription 00:02:25.388 00:02:37.376 So if I say akuy gaʔ məgoh kəlam na, and if I say akuy an naʔ məgoh, they mean the same thing, right? [Yeah.] Transcription 00:02:37.376 00:02:44.263 But is there any difference in the way that they feel or they are like a little bit different or anything? Transcription 00:02:44.263 00:02:50.813 akuy gaʔ məgoh kəlam na, akuy gaʔ... Transcription 00:02:50.813 00:02:53.026 I think they are the same. Transcription 00:02:53.026 00:03:07.313 They are the same? Okay. Transcription 00:03:07.313 00:03:13.326 So the meaning is exactly the thing, and you think that, like, even in the way that it feels, it's the same. Transcription 00:03:13.326 00:03:14.263 Yeah. Transcription 00:03:14.263 00:03:22.288 Okay. Transcription 00:03:22.288 00:03:29.376 What about the word "to burn" in Kayan, what is that? Transcription 00:03:29.376 00:03:30.576 [gern]? Transcription 00:03:30.576 00:03:32.126 burn. Transcription 00:03:32.126 00:03:34.176 nutoŋ Transcription 00:03:34.176 00:03:36.363 nu...nutoŋ? Transcription 00:03:36.363 00:03:43.551 Yeah. Transcription 00:03:43.551 00:03:48.913 So can I say it like *uma naʔ nutoŋ, his house is burning? Transcription 00:03:48.913 00:03:51.801 Mm, uma naʔ tutoŋ. Transcription 00:03:51.801 00:04:07.863 tutoŋ is better, okay. Transcription 00:04:07.863 00:04:21.138 Okay, uma naʔ tutoŋ. So if I wanted to say nutoŋ, it would be... I could say something like, like, like, akuy nutoŋ uma naʔ. Transcription 00:04:21.138 00:04:22.038 Yeah. Transcription 00:04:22.038 00:04:35.476 Okay, that's kind of a crazy sentence, but sure. Transcription 00:04:35.476 00:04:54.376 Okay. Transcription 00:04:54.376 00:05:01.376 Can I say, can I say *uma naʔ an nutoŋ? Transcription 00:05:01.376 00:05:08.301 *uma naʔ an nutoŋ, *uma naʔ an nutoŋ Transcription 00:05:08.301 00:05:10.001 No. Transcription 00:05:10.001 00:05:12.788 If it's uma naʔ an dahaʔ nutoŋ, yes. [No.] Transcription 00:05:12.788 00:05:14.363 an dahaʔ nutoŋ Transcription 00:05:14.363 00:05:15.038 Yeah. Transcription 00:05:15.038 00:05:30.326 Okay. Transcription 00:05:30.326 00:05:39.463 So that means like, that could mean like anybody did it, or even if we don't know who did it, we can say uma naʔ an dahaʔ nutoŋ? Transcription 00:05:39.463 00:05:53.713 Yeah. [Okay.] Transcription 00:05:53.713 00:05:59.313 What if I said uma naʔ gaʔ nutoŋ? Transcription 00:05:59.313 00:06:01.613 uma naʔ gaʔ nutoŋ, yeah, can. Transcription 00:06:01.613 00:06:10.013 That sounds good? Okay. Transcription 00:06:10.013 00:06:33.313 So that's uma naʔ gaʔ... Transcription 00:06:33.313 00:06:40.089 Okay, so these two sentences, I think they are the same, at least they mean the same thing. Transcription 00:06:40.089 00:06:47.489 uma naʔ an kuy nutoŋ, right, and uma naʔ gaʔ nutoŋ kəlak. Transcription 00:06:47.489 00:06:48.701 Yeah. Transcription 00:06:48.701 00:07:00.651 Yeah, they mean the same thing. [Yeah.] So with those two sentences, is there any small difference, like the feeling, are they both the same or is there difference at all between them? Transcription 00:07:00.651 00:07:08.676 uma naʔ an kuy nutoŋ... Transcription 00:07:08.676 00:07:10.351 I think it's the same. Transcription 00:07:10.351 00:07:21.914 Okay, and do you think you would use them in the same situation? Transcription 00:07:21.914 00:07:22.814 Yeah. Transcription 00:07:22.814 00:07:43.814 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:07:43.814 00:07:50.664 So if I, okay, if I say uma naʔ, that means like uma naʔ, that means like his house, so I know which house it is. Transcription 00:07:50.664 00:08:02.501 What if I know that somebody's house is burning, but I don't know which one, and I just wanna say it like "a house is burning". Transcription 00:08:02.501 00:08:09.476 How would I say it like that, can I just say it like *uma tutoŋ? Transcription 00:08:09.476 00:08:12.501 uma, uma anən Transcription 00:08:12.501 00:08:22.876 uma anən? [Uh, anən, ANAN, uma anən.] Transcription 00:08:22.876 00:08:30.839 If I say, if I say uma anən tutoŋ, does that mean like a specific house? Transcription 00:08:30.839 00:08:38.639 uma anən tutoŋ, uma anən tutoŋ, yeah, you like, you point at the house, uma anən tutoŋ. [Yeah.] Transcription 00:08:38.639 00:08:51.789 What if like, let me see if I can think of the situation... Transcription 00:08:51.789 00:09:15.689 What if like you are really far away, right, and you can see that a house is on fire, like, maybe like you just see the flames or something, but you can't see the house itself. And you just want to say "a house is on fire". How would you say that? Transcription 00:09:15.689 00:09:21.239 Because you can't really say it like, uma anən, because like, you don't know which one it is. Transcription 00:09:21.239 00:09:24.664 I think teʔ, teʔ uma tutoŋ. Transcription 00:09:24.664 00:09:31.776 uh, I see. Transcription 00:09:31.776 00:10:07.951 teʔ uma tutoŋ, so there's a house burning, something like that. Okay. [Yeah.] Transcription 00:10:07.951 00:10:12.001 So is it okay to say *teʔ uma gaʔ nutoŋ? Transcription 00:10:12.001 00:10:15.876 *teʔ uma gaʔ nutoŋ, no. Transcription 00:10:15.876 00:10:17.001 No? Transcription 00:10:17.001 00:10:48.601 No. Transcription 00:10:48.601 00:10:51.776 What about teʔ uma gaʔ tutoŋ. Transcription 00:10:51.776 00:10:54.389 teʔ uma gaʔ tutoŋ, yeah, can. Transcription 00:10:54.389 00:11:03.426 teʔ uma gaʔ tutoŋ, that's great, okay. Transcription 00:11:03.426 00:11:44.139 So you prefer to use tutoŋ in that sentence, okay. Transcription 00:11:44.139 00:11:51.801 What about the word "to drown"? Transcription 00:11:51.801 00:11:53.189 ŋəne. Transcription 00:11:53.189 00:12:08.226 ŋəne, okay, yeah. Transcription 00:12:08.226 00:12:19.477 Do you have to use that, can you use that word for like, things that aren't people, like just it, or is that word only for like people, like somebody drowned? Transcription 00:12:19.477 00:12:22.289 Oh I think you can use it for other things. Transcription 00:12:22.289 00:12:41.864 Other things, so can I... Like, for example? Transcription 00:12:41.864 00:12:45.789 uloh anən ŋəne... Transcription 00:12:45.789 00:13:02.077 I don't know, I don't know, they look the same to me, I think it can be used. Transcription 00:13:02.077 00:13:04.027 I'm not sure... Transcription 00:13:04.027 00:13:11.727 What about... Transcription 00:13:11.727 00:13:14.214 Is it, is it haruk? Transcription 00:13:14.214 00:13:15.614 haruk? Yeah. Transcription 00:13:15.614 00:13:17.314 Can you use that? Transcription 00:13:17.314 00:13:18.264 No. Transcription 00:13:18.264 00:13:31.714 No. That's not the right word for haruk. Transcription 00:13:31.714 00:13:47.614 I just...I don't like to say it like "he drowned me" or something... I guess it's so, so...yeah. Maybe a different verb then... Oh wait... Oh no drowned... Transcription 00:13:47.614 00:13:54.264 Maybe I can use like, pig, that's fine. Transcription 00:13:54.264 00:13:56.789 So that's like bavuy, right? Transcription 00:13:56.789 00:13:57.752 Mmhmm. Transcription 00:13:57.752 00:14:02.552 bavuy, okay. Transcription 00:14:02.552 00:14:09.002 How do you say, how do say like, "the pig drowned"? Transcription 00:14:09.002 00:14:32.452 bavuy anən ŋəne Transcription 00:14:32.452 00:14:49.539 How can you say "the pig was drowned", like, somebody did it to the pig. Transcription 00:14:49.539 00:14:53.752 I'm not sure. Transcription 00:14:53.752 00:14:57.327 Can you say *ihaʔ ŋəne bavuy anən? Transcription 00:14:57.327 00:14:58.552 No. Transcription 00:14:58.552 00:15:05.902 No, okay. Transcription 00:15:05.902 00:15:08.452 But ihaʔ ŋəne is okay, right? Transcription 00:15:08.452 00:15:09.964 Mmhmm. Transcription 00:15:09.964 00:15:15.789 And that means he drowned. Transcription 00:15:15.789 00:15:23.702 Can you say ihaʔ na bavuy anən ŋəne? Transcription 00:15:23.702 00:15:26.677 ihaʔ na bavuy anən ŋəne, yeah, can. Transcription 00:15:26.677 00:15:41.202 You can? Okay. Transcription 00:15:41.202 00:15:47.214 What about... Is there... Can you say pəkəne? Transcription 00:15:47.214 00:15:48.652 pəkəne. Transcription 00:15:48.652 00:15:51.377 Like ihaʔ pəkəne bavuy anən? Transcription 00:15:51.377 00:15:53.877 Yeah, ihaʔ pəkəne bavuy... Transcription 00:15:53.877 00:15:58.214 Yeah, okay. Transcription 00:15:58.214 00:16:01.989 How did you say that? Say that again, is it pə, [pənəne]? Transcription 00:16:01.989 00:16:11.102 pəkəne. [pəkəne, okay.] Transcription 00:16:11.102 00:16:20.077 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:16:20.077 00:16:23.902 Can you say *kəne by itself? Transcription 00:16:23.902 00:16:24.952 No. Transcription 00:16:24.952 00:16:28.864 *kəne, no. Transcription 00:16:28.864 00:16:33.052 What about *ne? Is that a word? [No.] Transcription 00:16:33.052 00:16:44.127 No, okay. Transcription 00:16:44.127 00:16:51.427 Okay, so how about, how about this sentence, bavuy anən gaʔ pəkəne? Transcription 00:16:51.427 00:16:54.702 bavuy anən gaʔ pəkəne. Transcription 00:16:54.702 00:16:57.664 Yeah. Transcription 00:16:57.664 00:16:58.939 Yeah. Transcription 00:16:58.939 00:17:15.302 That sounds good, okay. Transcription 00:17:15.302 00:17:19.502 Can I say *bavuy anən an pəkəne? Transcription 00:17:19.502 00:17:22.502 *bavuy anən an pəkəne Transcription 00:17:22.502 00:17:23.614 No. Transcription 00:17:23.614 00:17:26.402 No. Transcription 00:17:26.402 00:17:29.002 What if I said bavuy anən an dahaʔ pəkəne? Transcription 00:17:29.002 00:17:30.264 Yeah, can. Transcription 00:17:30.264 00:17:47.702 Yeah, that's good, okay. Transcription 00:17:47.702 00:18:03.389 What about... Transcription 00:18:03.389 00:18:09.939 Okay, how about bavuy anən gaʔ pəkəne kəlan kəlunan anən? Transcription 00:18:09.939 00:18:12.589 bavuy anən gaʔ pəkəne kəlan kəlunan anən Transcription 00:18:12.589 00:18:13.889 Yeah, can. Transcription 00:18:13.889 00:18:17.289 That works, okay, great. Transcription 00:18:17.289 00:18:25.789 Okay, how about, how about...bavuy anən an kəlunan anən pəkəne Transcription 00:18:25.789 00:18:37.990 bavuy anən an kəlunan anən pəkəne, yeah, can. [Okay.] Transcription 00:18:37.990 00:19:03.652 Okay. Transcription 00:19:03.652 00:19:09.965 Can I say... If I wanted to say... Transcription 00:19:09.965 00:19:16.265 There's a pig that got drowned, can I say teʔ bavuy gaʔ pəkəne? Transcription 00:19:16.265 00:19:19.627 teʔ bavuy gaʔ pəkəne, yeah, can. Transcription 00:19:19.627 00:19:25.377 And in that situation, it's just some pig, right? You are not saying which one. Transcription 00:19:25.377 00:19:26.377 Yeah. Transcription 00:19:26.377 00:19:52.077 Okay. Transcription 00:19:52.077 00:20:13.165 Is there a word for like, to praise somebody? And like, telling, like, you did something good, and your mother praises you, like "oh you did such a good job", you know, like, the opposite of scolding or yelling at somebody. Is there a word for that? Transcription 00:20:13.165 00:20:15.202 I don't know, I'm not sure. Transcription 00:20:15.202 00:20:23.027 Not sure? Transcription 00:20:23.027 00:20:39.177 Could you, could you say something like "my teather praised me because I got a good score"? Transcription 00:20:39.177 00:20:41.140 I don't know, I don't know the word. Transcription 00:20:41.140 00:20:52.802 It's okay. Transcription 00:20:52.802 00:21:04.502 Just trying to think of, like, a nicer word instead of "drown". Transcription 00:21:04.502 00:21:07.752 How about "help"? Transcription 00:21:07.752 00:21:08.940 What? Transcription 00:21:08.940 00:21:20.290 Help, like, you know, to help somebody. Transcription 00:21:20.290 00:21:21.652 tuloŋ Transcription 00:21:21.652 00:21:24.452 tuloŋ? That's fine. [Yeah.] Yeah. Transcription 00:21:24.452 00:21:31.440 I don't know... Transcription 00:21:31.440 00:21:43.540 tuloŋ, okay. Transcription 00:21:43.540 00:21:49.265 Can you say something like "I helped my mom"? Transcription 00:21:49.265 00:22:01.390 Mmm, akuy tuloŋ hinak Transcription 00:22:01.390 00:22:03.415 akuy tuloŋ hinak Transcription 00:22:03.415 00:22:04.290 Yeah. Transcription 00:22:04.290 00:22:24.377 Yeah, akuy tuloŋ hinak Transcription 00:22:24.377 00:22:28.977 Is there such a word as *nuloŋ, like, can you say like, *akuy nuloŋ hinak? Transcription 00:22:28.977 00:22:32.777 *nuloŋ Transcription 00:22:32.777 00:22:40.102 *nuloŋ Transcription 00:22:40.102 00:22:41.215 No. Transcription 00:22:41.215 00:22:45.390 No, okay. Transcription 00:22:45.390 00:23:07.152 So akuy tuloŋ hinak is good, I helped my mom. [Yeah.] Transcription 00:23:07.152 00:23:17.252 Okay, so... Transcription 00:23:17.252 00:23:22.652 This sentence sounds a little strange in English because...yeah, it's... Transcription 00:23:22.652 00:23:32.752 But it's okay in English, it's grammatical, but...yeah. It sounds a little strange. But what if it was... Transcription 00:23:32.752 00:23:35.690 *hinak an kuy tuloŋ? Transcription 00:23:35.690 00:23:41.102 *hinak an kuy tuloŋ, *hinak an kuy tuloŋ, no. Transcription 00:23:41.102 00:23:53.115 That sounds bad, okay. Transcription 00:23:53.115 00:23:56.065 What about *hinak ak tuloŋ? Transcription 00:23:56.065 00:24:00.165 *hinak ak tuloŋ Transcription 00:24:00.165 00:24:03.765 *hinak ak tuloŋ, I think no. Transcription 00:24:03.765 00:24:09.165 No, okay. Transcription 00:24:09.165 00:24:13.865 Can I say hinak gaʔ tuloŋ? Transcription 00:24:13.865 00:24:20.265 hinak gaʔ tuloŋ Transcription 00:24:20.265 00:24:25.465 Mmm, hinak gaʔ tuloŋ. Transcription 00:24:25.465 00:24:30.215 Yeah, but... Transcription 00:24:30.215 00:24:35.215 hinak gaʔ tuloŋ Transcription 00:24:35.215 00:24:41.140 I'm not sure, but, yeah, I ever heard that, that sentence. Transcription 00:24:41.140 00:24:57.190 But for... They used it when... I think... [It's fine, take your time.] Transcription 00:24:57.190 00:24:59.965 Yeah, I think can. Transcription 00:24:59.965 00:25:01.028 Yeah? Transcription 00:25:01.028 00:25:03.878 Yeah. Transcription 00:25:03.878 00:25:14.328 So do you think that there's like, a situation where you could use that sentence, like, hinak gaʔ tuloŋ? Transcription 00:25:14.328 00:25:19.928 Yeah, when someone helped my mom. Transcription 00:25:19.928 00:25:26.353 Yeah, hinak, hinak gaʔ tuloŋ, hinak... Transcription 00:25:26.353 00:25:41.003 hinak gaʔ tuloŋ, hinak gaʔ tuloŋ, mostly they use it when they get... Transcription 00:25:41.003 00:25:52.403 I don't know how to explain this, like, get money from, from...I don't know. [I see, I see, okay, so like...] Transcription 00:25:52.403 00:26:15.028 She got some help. [Yeah.] Right? From something, or somebody, okay, okay. Transcription 00:26:15.028 00:27:02.278 That doesn't mean like, somebody helped her, like sweeping or doing something like that. It's means like a vague or like, help, right, not a specific help, okay. Transcription 00:27:02.278 00:27:07.978 Can you say like... Transcription 00:27:07.978 00:27:11.378 What's the word for "sweeping", is it ɲuput? Transcription 00:27:11.378 00:27:13.665 What? [ŋepa], məpa. Transcription 00:27:13.665 00:27:15.678 [ŋepa]? Transcription 00:27:15.678 00:27:20.478 məpa, I thought it was məpa, məpa. Transcription 00:27:20.478 00:27:23.228 Is it just a at the end? Transcription 00:27:23.228 00:27:26.328 Yeah, məpa. [MEPA?] Transcription 00:27:26.328 00:27:34.028 məpa. [Okay. Can I, can you say like...] Transcription 00:27:34.028 00:27:38.428 akuy tuloŋ hinak məpa Transcription 00:27:38.428 00:28:10.665 Like, I helped my mother sweep, okay. Transcription 00:28:10.665 00:28:18.090 How do you say like the... Transcription 00:28:18.090 00:28:21.653 Like the two of us? Transcription 00:28:21.653 00:28:22.853 itu. Transcription 00:28:22.853 00:28:28.678 itu. Transcription 00:28:28.678 00:28:33.653 itu is like kita dua, right? Transcription 00:28:33.653 00:28:37.890 itu. Uh, yes. [Like if I translated it to Malay. What if like kami dua?] Transcription 00:28:37.890 00:28:38.928 kawaʔ. Transcription 00:28:38.928 00:28:44.978 kawaʔ, okay, okay, thanks. Transcription 00:28:44.978 00:28:51.178 So could I say something like, akuy tuloŋ hinak məpa uma kawaʔ Transcription 00:28:51.178 00:28:52.428 Yeah, can. Transcription 00:28:52.428 00:29:08.428 Yeah, okay. Transcription 00:29:08.428 00:29:32.915 Okay. Transcription 00:29:32.915 00:29:40.565 Can I say *hinak gaʔ tuloŋ məpa Transcription 00:29:40.565 00:29:42.115 *hinak gaʔ tuloŋ...no. Transcription 00:29:42.115 00:29:44.215 No, okay. Transcription 00:29:44.215 00:30:42.653 %ignore% Transcription 00:30:42.653 00:30:49.191 Is there a word for "to scold"? Transcription 00:30:49.191 00:31:02.228 Like when a child does a bad thing, and their parents scold them? Transcription 00:31:02.228 00:31:08.453 Is there a word buŋət, is that a word? Transcription 00:31:08.453 00:31:09.778 buŋət. Transcription 00:31:09.778 00:31:12.741 Oh buŋət Transcription 00:31:12.741 00:31:17.078 I don't know...mmm... Transcription 00:31:17.078 00:31:26.178 buŋət, we use it like, not for scold, like "angry". Transcription 00:31:26.178 00:31:33.153 Oh, angry, I see. Transcription 00:31:33.153 00:31:42.841 Do you think there's any word for like, scolding someone? Transcription 00:31:42.841 00:31:43.953 Not sure. Transcription 00:31:43.953 00:32:06.366 Not sure, okay. Transcription 00:32:06.366 00:32:09.316 Is there a word kətoʔ? Transcription 00:32:09.316 00:32:20.553 kətoʔ, kətoʔ is also angry. Transcription 00:32:20.553 00:32:26.916 Okay. Transcription 00:32:26.916 00:32:31.691 Okay, how... Transcription 00:32:31.691 00:32:37.628 So the word "clean" is maʔaŋ? Transcription 00:32:37.628 00:33:03.641 So can I use that like... Can I use that for a house, like uma kuy maʔaŋ [Yeah, can.] My house is clean? [Yeah.]Okay. Transcription 00:33:03.641 00:33:07.791 What if I said *akuy maʔaŋ uma kuy? Transcription 00:33:07.791 00:33:08.928 No. Transcription 00:33:08.928 00:33:17.516 No. Transcription 00:33:17.516 00:33:23.816 Is there a way to say that like, "I cleaned my house"? Transcription 00:33:23.816 00:33:26.016 akuy mayo uma kuy Transcription 00:33:26.016 00:33:27.378 mayo? Transcription 00:33:27.378 00:33:34.516 Yeah, but mayo, I don't know, we just use mayo. Transcription 00:33:34.516 00:33:47.341 akuy mayo uma, yeah. Transcription 00:33:47.341 00:33:51.428 So do you... Transcription 00:33:51.428 00:34:05.853 What types of things do you use mayo for, like if I wanted to say like, mayo, like the dishes? [Yeah.] Can you use that, you cleaned, clean mayo, what's the word for "dishes"? Transcription 00:34:05.853 00:34:10.953 wit, wit, wit is plate. Transcription 00:34:10.953 00:34:15.116 Uh. Transcription 00:34:15.116 00:34:32.328 So you could say akuy mayo wit? Transcription 00:34:32.328 00:34:41.703 And you can say akuy mayo uma kuy. Transcription 00:34:41.703 00:34:46.903 Right? that's fun? Transcription 00:34:46.903 00:34:48.153 Yeah. Transcription 00:34:48.153 00:34:49.016 Yeah. Transcription 00:34:49.016 00:35:12.441 Okay, okay. Transcription 00:35:12.441 00:35:24.741 So then, can I say... Transcription 00:35:24.741 00:35:33.678 *uma kuy an mayo? Transcription 00:35:33.678 00:35:35.978 uma kuy an dahaʔ mayo, yes. Transcription 00:35:35.978 00:35:51.566 an dahaʔ mayo, okay. Transcription 00:35:51.566 00:35:56.616 What if I said *uma kuy gaʔ mayo Transcription 00:35:56.616 00:36:02.003 *uma kuy gaʔ mayo, mm, I think no (laughter). Transcription 00:36:02.003 00:36:06.403 Does it just sound strange, like the situation? Transcription 00:36:06.403 00:36:10.391 Yeah, the *gaʔ mayo. [Okay.] Transcription 00:36:10.391 00:36:14.116 It sounds like... Transcription 00:36:14.116 00:36:36.941 I don't know, it just sounds strange, *gaʔ mayo, *uma kuy gaʔ mayo. Transcription 00:36:36.941 00:36:43.591 So, what's strange about it? Like, is it... Transcription 00:36:43.591 00:36:53.441 Is it the situation, like, you just wouldn't use gaʔ in that way? Transcription 00:36:53.441 00:37:06.679 Because gaʔ is used when you do something... Transcription 00:37:06.679 00:37:16.779 Something... Transcription 00:37:16.779 00:37:25.654 I don't know how to explain this, just... Transcription 00:37:25.654 00:37:40.329 Is it like, something negative, or something... Transcription 00:37:40.329 00:37:48.504 I dont' know... [Not necessarily negative though, because you can say it like, you can say it like...] Transcription 00:37:48.504 00:37:56.779 Like, hinak gaʔ tuloŋ, hinak gaʔ tuloŋ, that's not negative, but you can use gaʔ there, and that's okay, right? Transcription 00:37:56.779 00:37:57.729 Yeah. Transcription 00:37:57.729 00:37:59.491 Yeah. Transcription 00:37:59.491 00:38:13.741 gaʔ is something...I don't know, it's not something unpredictable. If you... Transcription 00:38:13.741 00:38:32.229 If you walk and suddenly you hit someone, and then people would say like, gaʔ, uh, ihaʔ gaʔ məteʔ, ihaʔ gaʔ mətoh, so when you say "clean the house", it's not like something unpredictable. I don't know... Transcription 00:38:32.229 00:38:37.641 No, that makes sense, that's good, yeah, yeah. [Because people do it like...] Transcription 00:38:37.641 00:38:44.929 How can you do something like...cleaning the house...I don't know how to explain this.[Yeah, like, you wouldn't just, like...] Transcription 00:38:44.929 00:38:49.966 You're sitting around, and all of a sudden you're randomly cleaning your house and like... Transcription 00:38:49.966 00:38:59.079 You don't know why it happens. Cleaning your house is something that you do, like, you plan to do it and you do it, like intentionally. Transcription 00:38:59.079 00:39:00.079 Yeah. Transcription 00:39:00.079 00:39:00.941 Okay. Transcription 00:39:00.941 00:39:30.754 Yeah, that makes a lot sense, that's really great. Transcription 00:39:30.754 00:39:44.341 With tuloŋ, it's like, yeah, your mom can be just minding her business, and suddenly somebody gives her something, and you say gaʔ tuloŋ, that makes sense. Transcription 00:39:44.341 00:39:44.929 Yeah. Transcription 00:39:44.929 00:40:14.941 Yeah, okay. Transcription 00:40:14.941 00:40:46.754 Is there a word for "melt", like, if you think like fat or something. When you cook, it melt. Transcription 00:40:46.754 00:40:49.066 I'm not sure. Transcription 00:40:49.066 00:40:51.579 It's okay. Transcription 00:40:51.579 00:41:44.066 %ignore% Transcription 00:41:44.066 00:42:01.979 Okay, so the word "to choose", that's pili, right? Transcription 00:42:01.979 00:42:22.891 So you can say like ihaʔ pili akuy Transcription 00:42:22.891 00:42:23.879 Yes. Transcription 00:42:23.879 00:42:29.829 And I can also say ihaʔ mili akuy. Transcription 00:42:29.829 00:42:31.316 Yeah. Transcription 00:42:31.316 00:42:33.466 And those two are the same, right? Transcription 00:42:33.466 00:42:34.304 Yeah. Transcription 00:42:34.304 00:42:42.929 Yeah, okay. Transcription 00:42:42.929 00:42:47.079 Can I say akuy an naʔ pili? Transcription 00:42:47.079 00:42:48.629 Mm. Can. Transcription 00:42:48.629 00:42:53.492 Can. Transcription 00:42:53.492 00:42:56.754 What about akuy an naʔ mili? Transcription 00:42:56.754 00:42:58.504 Can. Transcription 00:42:58.504 00:43:05.467 Can as well? Okay. Transcription 00:43:05.467 00:43:10.867 Waht about akuy gaʔ pili? Transcription 00:43:10.867 00:43:12.679 akuy gaʔ pili, yeah. Transcription 00:43:12.679 00:43:25.654 That sounds good, okay. Transcription 00:43:25.654 00:43:27.804 What about akuy gaʔ mili? Transcription 00:43:27.804 00:43:29.742 akuy gaʔ mili, yeah. Transcription 00:43:29.742 00:43:31.554 Yeah. Transcription 00:43:31.554 00:43:41.967 And... Transcription 00:43:41.967 00:43:46.554 Can I say akuy gaʔ pili [kənan] naʔ Transcription 00:43:46.554 00:43:52.154 akuy gaʔ pili kəlan naʔ Transcription 00:43:52.154 00:43:54.904 akuy gaʔ pili kəlan naʔ Transcription 00:43:54.904 00:44:05.029 Oh kəlan, okay, okay, kəlan, sorry. kəlan, that's fine then. Transcription 00:44:05.029 00:44:09.179 akuy gaʔ... And that's fine, akuy gaʔ pili kəlan naʔ Transcription 00:44:09.179 00:44:14.479 Yeah. Transcription 00:44:14.479 00:44:19.342 And I guess akuy gaʔ mili kəlan naʔ is fine, too? Transcription 00:44:19.342 00:44:21.667 Yeah. Okay. Transcription 00:44:21.667 00:44:25.292 So for all of this, I can use pili or mili, it doesn't matter. Transcription 00:44:25.292 00:44:26.204 Yeah. Transcription 00:44:26.204 00:44:31.942 Okay. Transcription 00:44:31.942 00:44:43.992 So if I compare the two sentences, akuy an naʔ pili, and akuy gaʔ pili kəlan naʔ... Transcription 00:44:43.992 00:44:57.292 Based on what we are talking about before, could I say that and akuy gaʔ pili kəlan naʔ is like, more surprising? Transcription 00:44:57.292 00:44:58.167 Yeah, Transcription 00:44:58.167 00:45:02.829 Like you would, like, "oh gosh", like "I wasn't expecting that or something"? Transcription 00:45:02.829 00:45:31.517 Okay. Transcription 00:45:31.517 00:45:46.317 Okay. Transcription 00:45:46.317 00:45:56.817 Okay, that's good. I'm really excited, because I think I understand gaʔ a lot better now. Transcription 00:45:56.817 00:46:08.317 So, let's do something a little different then... Transcription 00:46:08.317 00:46:17.667 "Burn" was tuloŋ, right? Transcription 00:46:17.667 00:46:26.679 Let's say you touch something hot, and you said...or maybe not touch something hot. Transcription 00:46:26.679 00:46:32.942 You're holding something, like a...I don't know, like a pan or a kettle or something. Transcription 00:46:32.942 00:46:38.292 And you accidently touched it to yourself, and you say, "I burned myself". Transcription 00:46:38.292 00:46:42.229 Can you use that? I burned myself? Transcription 00:46:42.229 00:46:46.879 Like akuy tutoŋ or nutoŋ. Transcription 00:46:46.879 00:46:48.154 No. Transcription 00:46:48.154 00:46:56.517 No. Transcription 00:46:56.517 00:47:01.654 So you can't say like *akuy nutoŋ akuy? Transcription 00:47:01.654 00:47:05.604 *akuy nutoŋ akuy, I burned myself. Transcription 00:47:05.604 00:47:13.904 It means like, really burning, not...[Like on fire?] Yeah. [Okay, okay.] Transcription 00:47:13.904 00:47:17.004 Yeah, that's not, that's not right. Transcription 00:47:17.004 00:47:22.804 Mm... Transcription 00:47:22.804 00:47:26.417 What's the word for "pinch"? Transcription 00:47:26.417 00:47:27.392 pinch. Transcription 00:47:27.392 00:47:31.104 pinch, yeah. Transcription 00:47:31.104 00:47:32.329 That's... Transcription 00:47:32.329 00:47:34.567 ŋitəl Transcription 00:47:34.567 00:47:36.179 ŋitəl? Transcription 00:47:36.179 00:47:37.079 Yeah. Transcription 00:47:37.079 00:47:42.642 That's NITEL? Transcription 00:47:42.642 00:47:46.517 Yeah. Transcription 00:47:46.517 00:47:50.117 So can you say "I pinched myself"? Transcription 00:47:50.117 00:47:51.967 Yeah. Transcription 00:47:51.967 00:47:53.617 How do you say that? Transcription 00:47:53.617 00:48:03.754 akuy, akuy ŋitəl, ŋitəl akuy... I don't know, akuy ŋitəl, akuy ŋitəl akuy səntiri. Transcription 00:48:03.754 00:48:05.679 akuy səntiri, okay. Transcription 00:48:05.679 00:48:06.692 Yeah. Transcription 00:48:06.692 00:48:08.829 akuy dəp, um. Transcription 00:48:08.829 00:48:09.792 akuy dəp. Transcription 00:48:09.792 00:48:13.292 Yeah, yeah. akuy dəp. [Okay, okay.] Transcription 00:48:13.292 00:48:18.304 So is that ŋitəl? Is that like, NG? Transcription 00:48:18.304 00:48:22.604 N, NGI, yeah. [NGI, okay.] Transcription 00:48:22.604 00:48:31.917 akuy ŋitəl akuy dəp. Okay. Transcription 00:48:31.917 00:48:51.330 Okay. Transcription 00:48:51.330 00:48:56.130 What's the word for "talk"? Transcription 00:48:56.130 00:48:58.267 Like "talk"? [talk, duan] Transcription 00:48:58.267 00:48:59.030 Uh? Transcription 00:48:59.030 00:49:00.130 duan. Transcription 00:49:00.130 00:49:02.780 duan. Transcription 00:49:02.780 00:49:04.492 With a D? Transcription 00:49:04.492 00:49:10.142 Yeah, duan, du. Transcription 00:49:10.142 00:49:27.280 Talk. Transcription 00:49:27.280 00:49:34.730 Can you say, can you say something like ihaʔ duan dahin ihaʔ dəp? Transcription 00:49:34.730 00:49:36.930 ihaʔ duan dahin ihaʔ dəp Transcription 00:49:36.930 00:49:39.605 Yeah, can. Transcription 00:49:39.605 00:49:42.030 ihaʔ duan dahin ihaʔ dəp Transcription 00:49:42.030 00:49:44.217 And that means he's talking to himself? Transcription 00:49:44.217 00:49:45.230 Yeah. Transcription 00:49:45.230 00:50:03.530 Okay. Transcription 00:50:03.530 00:50:09.267 What if, what if I just said, ihaʔ duan ihaʔ dəp? Transcription 00:50:09.267 00:50:12.617 ihaʔ duan ihaʔ dəp Transcription 00:50:12.617 00:50:17.717 Mm, yeah, it means, ihaʔ duan ihaʔ dəp Transcription 00:50:17.717 00:50:22.192 For example, she, she said that... Transcription 00:50:22.192 00:51:26.580 She said that she's alone. [Mm.] Transcription 00:51:26.580 00:51:31.930 What if I said akuy dəp ŋitəl akuy Transcription 00:51:31.930 00:51:35.380 akuy dəp ŋitəl akuy, yeah, can. Transcription 00:51:35.380 00:51:38.330 You can say akuy dəp ŋitəl akuy? Transcription 00:51:38.330 00:52:04.167 Yeah. [Okay.] Transcription 00:52:04.167 00:52:07.317 What about *akuy ŋitəl akuy Transcription 00:52:07.317 00:52:10.817 ŋitəl akuy... Transcription 00:52:10.817 00:52:13.717 I don't know, *akuy ŋitəl akuy (laughter) Transcription 00:52:13.717 00:52:15.267 It's not so good? Transcription 00:52:15.267 00:52:20.467 Yeah. [Yeah, okay.] Transcription 00:52:20.467 00:52:27.205 That's interesting, so akuy dəp ŋitəl akuy is fine, right? Transcription 00:52:27.205 00:52:30.855 And akuy ŋitəl akuy dəp is fine. Transcription 00:52:30.855 00:52:37.855 Okay. Transcription 00:52:37.855 00:52:40.955 And akuy ŋitəl ihaʔ Transcription 00:52:40.955 00:52:43.955 I guess that's fine, too? Transcription 00:52:43.955 00:52:46.555 I pinched him, akuy ŋitəl ihaʔ Transcription 00:52:46.555 00:52:53.355 Yeah, akuy ŋitəl ihaʔ, can. Transcription 00:52:53.355 00:52:56.855 What about akuy ŋitəl ihaʔ dəp? Transcription 00:52:56.855 00:52:58.530 Yeah, can. Transcription 00:52:58.530 00:52:59.980 Really? Okay. Transcription 00:52:59.980 00:53:01.255 Yeah. Transcription 00:53:01.255 00:53:03.180 And that sounds normal? Transcription 00:53:03.180 00:53:05.355 Yeah. Transcription 00:53:05.355 00:53:10.230 Is there any difference do you think? Transcription 00:53:10.230 00:53:16.380 Yeah. [Even like just in the way it feels like? akuy ŋitəl ihaʔ and akuy ŋitəl ihaʔ dəp.] Yep, yep. Transcription 00:53:16.380 00:53:27.580 It means, akuy ŋitəl ihaʔ dəp means... For example, you have many friends, and then you say akuy ŋitəl ihaʔ dəp means... Transcription 00:53:27.580 00:53:30.342 Only... [A specific one?] Yeah. Transcription 00:53:30.342 00:54:04.105 Only him? [Yeah.] Okay, okay. Transcription 00:54:04.105 00:54:11.942 And if I said ihaʔ dəp ŋitəl akuy, is that okay? Transcription 00:54:11.942 00:54:19.992 Yeah, ihaʔ dəp ŋitəl akuy. [Yeah.] Transcription 00:54:19.992 00:54:37.455 And is that the same situation like, there's a lot of, you have many friends and you're like, he is the one specifically who pinched me? [Yeah.] Transcription 00:54:37.455 00:54:44.155 That's very interesting, cool. Transcription 00:54:44.155 00:54:46.780 Okay, maybe we'll stop here, okay? Transcription 00:54:46.780 00:54:47.730 Yeah. Transcription 00:54:47.730 00:54:51.392 And then, let's see...