Transcription 00:00:15.591 00:00:20.488 Yes, that is correct, Biatah. Transcription 00:00:20.488 00:00:24.755 Okay, and so, you mentioned that your... Transcription 00:00:24.755 00:00:30.059 Your parents are both Bidayuh but they're from different locations. Can you tell us about that? Transcription 00:00:30.059 00:00:35.178 Okay, so my dad is from Serian Transcription 00:00:35.178 00:00:42.036 Um... the Serian district, so he speak another dialect of Bidayuh and I think this one is Transcription 00:00:42.036 00:00:47.492 um, a lot more, like, distinct from my, the dialect that my mother speak. Transcription 00:00:47.492 00:00:53.397 It's the Biatah language. So the language that my dad speak is called Bisadong. Transcription 00:00:54.931 00:00:59.338 And, ya, the vocab is almost Transcription 00:00:59.338 00:01:03.481 like, completely different, um, and Transcription 00:01:03.481 00:01:05.438 but I because I stay Transcription 00:01:05.438 00:01:06.823 um in Transcription 00:09:43.857 00:09:50.475 Uh ok so let's just start with the numbers then. Can you, can you tell us the number one? Transcription 00:09:50.475 00:09:52.100 ndiʔ Transcription 00:09:52.100 00:09:53.412 ndiʔ Transcription 00:09:53.412 00:09:58.637 n d i, n d i k? I guess? or n d i and glottal stop. Transcription 00:09:58.637 00:10:03.083 yeah, yeah n d i glottal stop Transcription 00:10:26.489 00:10:34.412 Ok, so ndiʔ is one. How about two? Transcription 00:10:34.412 00:10:36.484 duoh Transcription 00:10:36.484 00:10:39.644 d u w o h Transcription 00:10:39.644 00:10:46.225 Or like, d u o h, but like with a small w in the middle. Transcription 00:10:46.225 00:10:48.075 Can you say it again? Transcription 00:10:48.075 00:10:49.643 duoh Transcription 00:10:59.772 00:11:02.037 And three? Transcription 00:11:02.037 00:11:03.250 taruh Transcription 00:11:03.250 00:11:05.762 taːruh Transcription 00:11:05.762 00:11:10.050 t a r u h Transcription 00:11:19.118 00:11:22.912 And five? or I'm sorry four? Transcription 00:11:22.912 00:11:23.850 four Transcription 00:11:23.850 00:11:24.512 pat Transcription 00:11:24.512 00:11:26.000 p a t, pat Transcription 00:11:26.000 00:11:29.031 pat, yeah. Transcription 00:11:34.759 00:11:37.700 I skipping numbers. Five? Transcription 00:11:37.700 00:11:39.050 rimoh Transcription 00:11:39.050 00:11:39.712 rimoh Transcription 00:11:39.712 00:11:41.787 r i m o h Transcription 00:11:41.787 00:11:43.751 rimoh Transcription 00:11:50.258 00:11:54.864 And, uh, six? Transcription 00:11:54.864 00:11:56.300 nom Transcription 00:11:56.300 00:11:57.662 n o m Transcription 00:11:57.662 00:11:59.612 nom Transcription 00:11:59.612 00:12:02.063 nom Transcription 00:12:02.063 00:12:07.703 Seven? Transcription 00:12:07.703 00:12:09.237 juʔ Transcription 00:12:09.237 00:12:16.967 j u k, or j u gottal stop Transcription 00:12:21.083 00:12:26.414 So people, people spell that with a k? if they write it down? Transcription 00:12:26.414 00:12:32.574 Y- yeah, I would write it with a k, yeah. Transcription 00:12:32.574 00:12:35.437 But linguistically you say it's a, it's a glottal stop yeah? Transcription 00:12:35.437 00:12:46.883 Yeah, because we don't really have like a writing system. We don't, the spelling or so. You just write what you hear. Transcription 00:12:46.883 00:12:50.794 And, uh, eight? Transcription 00:12:50.794 00:12:53.153 mai Transcription 00:12:53.153 00:13:05.644 Um, it's like, m a, we, I, we would usually spell it with m a i, but um, the vowels are separated. Transcription 00:13:05.644 00:13:08.175 so, mai Transcription 00:13:11.584 00:13:19.645 I see, mhm. So it's more like [ma.i] and not [maj] Transcription 00:13:21.837 00:13:44.081 Yeah, [ma], [ma.i], [ma.i] yeah it's a, for our varient of the dialect, we, the separation is quite distinct, it's [ma.i], but some, like for, there's another, um, Biatah from Kampong Kuap they say [maj]. So their separation is not so distinct, [maj]. Transcription 00:13:52.900 00:13:55.612 Uh, nine? Transcription 00:13:55.612 00:13:57.862 pərʔi Transcription 00:13:57.862 00:13:58.675 hm? Transcription 00:13:58.675 00:14:04.656 pərʔi, it's like p e r, and then i. pərʔi Transcription 00:14:04.656 00:14:06.537 can you say it again? Transcription 00:14:06.537 00:14:07.975 pərʔi Transcription 00:14:07.975 00:14:09.187 pərʔi Transcription 00:14:09.187 00:14:10.337 pərʔi Transcription 00:14:14.432 00:14:17.537 pərʔi, like that? Transcription 00:14:17.537 00:14:21.079 yeah, pərʔi Transcription 00:14:28.525 00:14:31.737 And ten? Transcription 00:14:31.737 00:14:33.450 səmoŋ Transcription 00:14:33.450 00:14:36.762 s e m o n g Transcription 00:14:36.762 00:14:38.452 səmoŋ Transcription 00:14:50.512 00:14:55.942 And, um, eleven. Transcription 00:14:55.942 00:15:05.102 Ok so from 11 until 19 it's like səmoŋ then add the number. So like səmoŋ ndiʔ, səmoŋ duoh, səmoŋ taruh. Transcription 00:15:05.102 00:15:11.062 səmoŋ pat səmoŋ rimoh səmoŋ nom səmoŋ juʔ səmoŋ mai səmoŋ pərʔi, then for twenty it's duoh, pəruʔ Transcription 00:15:11.062 00:15:19.412 So the number that we have learned from one through nine, then add pəruʔ which means like, um, tens. Transcription 00:15:19.412 00:15:20.300 pəruʔ Transcription 00:15:20.300 00:15:22.484 p e r u k. Transcription 00:15:22.484 00:15:29.971 So you could say, like, toruh pəruʔ for thirty? Transcription 00:15:29.971 00:15:33.625 Um so thirty is taruh pəruʔ. Transcription 00:15:33.625 00:15:37.281 taruh, sorry, yeah. Transcription 00:15:37.281 00:15:41.675 Thirty one would be taruh pəruʔ ndiʔ? Transcription 00:15:41.675 00:15:43.062 yes Transcription 00:15:43.062 00:15:44.892 ok Transcription 00:15:52.074 00:15:57.977 And, one hundred? Transcription 00:15:57.977 00:16:06.287 səratus Transcription 00:16:08.934 00:16:12.600 so, one thousand? Transcription 00:16:12.600 00:16:14.800 səribu Transcription 00:16:31.913 00:16:37.778 I think you could say, like, ndiʔ ratus or ndiʔ ribu Transcription 00:16:37.778 00:16:44.515 I think because we mostly speak in this like multilingual country in this area we would still use seratus. Transcription 00:17:10.433 00:17:14.503 Uh, how do you say, I? Transcription 00:17:14.503 00:17:16.875 Like, first person. Transcription 00:17:16.875 00:17:19.462 Me? like, I. Transcription 00:17:19.462 00:17:20.287 kuʔ Transcription 00:17:20.287 00:17:22.200 k u k, yeah Transcription 00:17:22.200 00:17:23.737 kuʔ Transcription 00:17:23.737 00:17:31.385 um, k u k , or k u glottal stop, yeah. Transcription 00:17:38.814 00:17:46.796 I wonder, can, can you think of any words that end in a k that aren't a glottal stop? Transcription 00:17:46.796 00:17:56.013 Um, yeah theres the word like [kataʔ], k a t a k, um so [kataʔ] Transcription 00:17:56.013 00:18:00.827 mean like frog, right, like [katak], uh no [kataʔ] mean to break. Transcription 00:18:00.827 00:18:07.227 like to snap, like a twig or something. that is [kataʔ] with, like, without the glottal stop. Transcription 00:18:07.227 00:18:12.791 and then, if you say [katak] in the bidayuh language with the glottal stop it means frog. Transcription 00:18:16.998 00:18:20.512 can you say break one more time? Transcription 00:18:20.512 00:18:21.962 kataʔ Transcription 00:18:21.962 00:18:23.450 kataʔ Transcription 00:18:23.450 00:18:24.733 mhm Transcription 00:18:24.733 00:18:26.787 and frog? Transcription 00:18:26.787 00:18:28.612 katak Transcription 00:18:28.612 00:18:29.762 katak Transcription 00:18:29.762 00:18:33.438 ok. ok ok. Transcription 00:18:33.438 00:18:36.956 yeah I hear it. Transcription 00:18:36.956 00:18:44.042 Ok, I was just curious. Uh, so, how about you? the second person? Transcription 00:18:44.042 00:18:53.202 u Transcription 00:19:03.998 00:19:10.721 and um, he or she? Transcription 00:19:10.721 00:19:11.724 yoh Transcription 00:19:11.724 00:19:14.637 y o h, yoh Transcription 00:19:14.637 00:19:16.878 yoh Transcription 00:19:26.753 00:19:33.016 Ok how do you say we, or us? Transcription 00:19:33.016 00:19:35.087 iə̯h Transcription 00:19:35.087 00:19:36.624 iə̯h Transcription 00:19:36.624 00:19:38.737 i a h Transcription 00:19:38.737 00:19:40.483 iə̯h Transcription 00:19:49.777 00:20:03.599 does that, um iə̯h, does that matter if it's me and uh you know, you like we're talking. Can I say iə̯h? Transcription 00:20:03.599 00:20:12.749 There's another word, also, yeah. iə̯h is we, but, like, exclusive, like only us. Transcription 00:20:12.749 00:20:16.677 taʔ, taʔ you are including the speaker Transcription 00:20:16.677 00:20:22.462 iə̯h is like we without you and taʔ is all of us. Transcription 00:20:22.462 00:20:23.625 taʔ Transcription 00:20:35.675 00:20:43.899 And how about the second person plural? You? You all? Yall? Transcription 00:20:43.899 00:20:45.303 ŋa Transcription 00:20:45.303 00:20:46.124 ŋa Transcription 00:20:46.124 00:20:47.174 n g a Transcription 00:20:47.174 00:20:49.037 ŋa Transcription 00:20:49.037 00:20:50.387 yeah n g a Transcription 00:20:50.387 00:20:52.417 ŋa Transcription 00:20:52.417 00:21:01.490 and then the third person plural? Transcription 00:21:01.490 00:21:05.554 they Transcription 00:21:05.554 00:21:07.408 them Transcription 00:21:07.408 00:21:10.412 um wait, um Transcription 00:21:10.412 00:21:11.649 ŋara noʔ Transcription 00:21:12.712 00:21:13.674 ŋara noʔ Transcription 00:21:13.674 00:21:14.459 ŋara noʔ Transcription 00:21:14.459 00:21:18.674 n g a r a n o k Transcription 00:21:18.674 00:21:20.962 ŋara noʔ Transcription 00:21:20.962 00:21:24.458 n g a r a n o k Transcription 00:21:25.630 00:21:30.487 is it possible to just say ŋara? Transcription 00:21:30.487 00:21:32.799 yeah, ŋara, yeah ŋara. Transcription 00:21:32.799 00:21:33.786 yeah yeah Transcription 00:21:33.786 00:21:52.736 ŋara yes. I think yeah, the noʔ is just like them, it, like noʔ is like the, the signifier. But we don't use just ŋara in this area. There's always the, the noʔ with it yeah. Transcription 00:21:52.736 00:22:04.584 So how do you, how do you say, um, like this, if I wanna say this one? how do you say that? Transcription 00:22:04.584 00:22:07.337 atiʔ, hm? Transcription 00:22:07.337 00:22:08.137 atiʔ Transcription 00:22:08.137 00:22:11.866 a t i k Transcription 00:22:11.866 00:22:15.854 and that? that one? Transcription 00:22:15.854 00:22:16.999 anoʔ Transcription 00:22:16.999 00:22:19.062 a n o k Transcription 00:22:19.062 00:22:20.387 noʔ Transcription 00:22:20.387 00:22:21.454 yeah Transcription 00:22:21.454 00:22:23.387 a n o k, yeah, anoʔ, yeah anoʔ Transcription 00:22:23.387 00:22:26.835 or noʔ Transcription 00:22:26.835 00:22:36.334 so that's like the same noʔ in ŋara noʔ Transcription 00:22:38.753 00:22:47.752 Um, is there, is there any special way to say, like, the two of us? Transcription 00:22:47.752 00:22:49.896 m Transcription 00:22:49.896 00:22:59.804 no I think you just say taʔ duoh. taʔ duoh is like how we would use it. We two, it means like we two. taʔ duoh Transcription 00:22:59.804 00:23:05.174 but you can say taʔ in that situation as well if it's just two people? Transcription 00:23:05.174 00:23:06.074 yeah Transcription 00:23:06.074 00:23:13.609 we will use dioh if you want to specify just two of you speaking. Transcription 00:23:40.609 00:23:46.948 Um, so, how do you say hair as in the hair on your head? Transcription 00:23:46.948 00:23:48.587 buə̯k Transcription 00:23:48.587 00:23:49.687 buə̯k Transcription 00:23:49.687 00:23:54.431 b u e k, but the u e is, uh, a diphthong Transcription 00:24:02.524 00:24:05.276 buə̯k Transcription 00:24:17.481 00:24:20.899 you say that's a diphthong what do you mean by that? Transcription 00:24:20.899 00:24:30.973 like the [uə̯], the [uə̯], like it's, it's a sliding like, from the, yeah, from u to e, its a [uə̯] sound. Transcription 00:24:30.973 00:24:44.847 So in my variant of bidayuh, there's alot of this diphthong, which I don't, which doesn't exist in the other variant. Yeah, so. Transcription 00:24:47.099 00:24:56.085 They usually like, substitute the o sound into a [uə̯] sound, [uə̯]. Transcription 00:24:56.085 00:25:02.032 So the, so you wouldn't say that its like [bu.ək] Transcription 00:25:02.032 00:25:07.781 no its not [buək], its [buə̯k] Transcription 00:25:12.723 00:25:18.537 How would you say my hair? Transcription 00:25:18.537 00:25:26.731 buə̯k kuʔ Transcription 00:25:26.731 00:25:31.732 and your hair? Transcription 00:25:31.732 00:25:37.233 buə̯k muʔ Transcription 00:25:37.233 00:25:42.298 and his hair? Transcription 00:25:42.298 00:25:46.786 his hair? his? um Transcription 00:25:46.786 00:25:48.724 buə̯k iʔ Transcription 00:25:48.724 00:25:53.915 i k, iʔ Transcription 00:25:53.915 00:26:03.587 So this iʔ can be used for both male and femail and also animals you can say like buə̯k iʔ Transcription 00:26:27.738 00:26:39.422 These might be, uh, kind of strange but how would you say our hair? Transcription 00:26:39.422 00:26:40.862 buə̯k taʔ Transcription 00:26:43.837 00:26:46.787 and exclusive? Transcription 00:26:46.787 00:26:48.405 buə̯k iə̯h Transcription 00:26:50.674 00:26:53.374 and then yall's hair? Transcription 00:26:53.374 00:26:55.441 buə̯k ŋa Transcription 00:26:56.774 00:26:59.499 and their hair? Transcription 00:26:59.499 00:27:02.762 buə̯k ŋara noʔ Transcription 00:29:21.727 00:29:29.110 So, uh, Leo, how would you say uh, "Alex is drinking water"? Transcription 00:29:29.110 00:29:32.514 alex nuə̯k pəʔin Transcription 00:30:01.286 00:30:03.049 alex nuə̯k pəʔin Transcription 00:30:03.049 00:30:04.136 yes Transcription 00:30:04.136 00:30:15.461 Ok. Um, so that sounds like alex is drinking water right now? Transcription 00:30:15.461 00:30:29.765 Its, yeah, It's more like, no I think the Bidayuh language is alot, like, general. It's um, it's a language that is contextual. Like you, like when you say that, people will know that you are drinking water now. Transcription 00:30:31.974 00:30:43.231 If, if alex is done drinking water can you say "alex nuə̯k pəʔin" then? Or is that strange? Transcription 00:30:44.707 00:30:49.199 Um I think uh for if he has already done you will say Transcription 00:30:49.199 00:30:50.624 alex nuə̯k pəʔin tiə̯ Transcription 00:30:50.624 00:30:54.050 which mean alex drink water just now. Transcription 00:30:54.050 00:30:57.611 tiə̯ ok can you spell that? Transcription 00:30:57.611 00:30:59.474 t i a Transcription 00:30:59.474 00:31:02.203 t i a, ok Transcription 00:31:06.089 00:31:12.477 Can I say something like alex tiə̯ nuə̯k pəʔin? Transcription 00:31:13.851 00:31:16.149 no, you will say tia.. Transcription 00:31:16.149 00:31:17.913 tiə̯ alex muə̯k pəʔin Transcription 00:31:17.913 00:31:27.912 oh, that's ok. So tia at the begining is ok. Ok. Alright. Transcription 00:31:33.374 00:31:41.340 Ok, um. How would you say Alex didn't drink water? Transcription 00:31:41.340 00:31:44.449 alex doh nuə̯k pəʔin Transcription 00:31:44.449 00:31:51.999 doh is like, the negating, um, verb, oh no not verb. I don't know what it is. Transcription 00:31:51.999 00:31:56.585 Yeah, uhuh, but the negative thing. Doh? Transcription 00:31:56.585 00:32:03.096 Yeah, doh. d o h. Transcription 00:32:03.096 00:32:20.391 So if uh, you know, maybe, maybe Alex is sick, um, and you know, looks, looks strange, how would I ask, you know, what did alex drink? Transcription 00:32:20.391 00:32:25.046 ni nuə̯k alex Transcription 00:32:27.149 00:32:29.589 ni nuə̯k alex Transcription 00:32:38.461 00:32:40.145 n i, yes, n i. nuə̯k, n u o k, um Transcription 00:32:40.145 00:32:48.486 or if, I think, if, if you see that he is um like, not feeling well and you are, you will say Transcription 00:32:48.486 00:32:50.586 ni nuə̯k alex tiə̯ Transcription 00:32:50.586 00:32:58.304 So, what did alex drink before, or just now. Transcription 00:33:00.326 00:33:13.982 Could I ask actually, like, so like if there are, you know, there are like, a couple, if there are a couple waters right and alex drank something and then got sick can I ask which water did alex drink? Transcription 00:33:23.213 00:33:25.959 alex nuə̯k pəʔin aki ndiʔ Transcription 00:33:25.959 00:33:29.549 alex nuə̯k pəʔin aki ndiʔ Transcription 00:33:29.549 00:33:31.548 pəʔin aki ndiʔ Transcription 00:33:31.548 00:33:40.167 aki mean, yeah, aki, ndiʔ is the number. The number one. So aki ndiʔ means like which one. Transcription 00:33:44.612 00:33:51.251 because aki, I think it comes from the word maki, which mean where Transcription 00:33:51.251 00:34:04.130 So but, you get, but when it becomes aki it's like it means like, which one. It doesn't translate directly, but. Transcription 00:34:04.130 00:34:11.070 Yeah ok. Could I ask pəʔin aki nuə̯k alex Transcription 00:34:11.070 00:34:15.949 yes. Transcription 00:34:15.949 00:34:20.103 or pəʔin aki nuə̯k alex tiə̯ Transcription 00:34:20.103 00:34:24.311 Yeah. It should still be correct. Transcription 00:34:24.311 00:34:28.924 Ok. Yeah. Transcription 00:34:28.924 00:34:53.760 So, um, maybe, so you know, now I, you know, maybe, so again, Alex is sick but I want to ask you know maybe I ask a, ask a you know, doctor, what, what should alex drink? how would you ask that? Transcription 00:34:53.760 00:34:58.549 um what should alex drink, like medicine? Transcription 00:34:58.549 00:35:03.759 Yeah something like that. Yeah. What, what should, what should alex drink? Transcription 00:35:03.759 00:35:10.229 uh, ni Transcription 00:35:10.229 00:35:15.586 I think, ok, for this one, I think you will, we will adapt some of the malay words so Transcription 00:35:15.586 00:35:17.949 ni patut alex nuə̯k Transcription 00:35:17.949 00:35:28.674 So patut means should or supposed to, so what alex need, supposed to drink? so. Transcription 00:35:28.674 00:35:35.674 ni patut alex nuə̯k Transcription 00:35:39.124 00:35:48.039 can that be ni alex patut nuə̯k? Transcription 00:35:48.039 00:36:00.095 yeah, that will still be correct if you say that. yeah. Transcription 00:36:05.577 00:36:16.949 If it's, you know if, maybe im sick, right, and so can I ask you know uh, what should I drink? how do you ask that? Transcription 00:36:16.949 00:36:20.490 ni patut kuʔ nuə̯k Transcription 00:36:25.995 00:36:32.349 can that be ni kuʔ patut nuə̯k? Transcription 00:36:32.349 00:36:42.010 yeah. it will still be correct. Transcription 00:36:42.010 00:36:50.775 could it be, uh, ni patut nuə̯k kuʔ Transcription 00:36:50.775 00:37:08.906 Um, I've heard it said before but um, I think because like it's like spur of moment thing, so, but yeah, but I think the correct way would be the ni patut kuʔ nuə̯k Transcription 00:37:08.906 00:37:19.014 ni patut nuə̯k kuʔ is like, I would still understand that and I would not question it but I think the correct one should be the first one. Transcription 00:37:19.014 00:37:25.005 Ok. So it's strange, I guess, right? Transcription 00:37:25.005 00:37:27.045 yeah. Transcription 00:37:27.045 00:37:36.704 How would you ask, so you know, so if I see you know, the glass is empty, how would you ask, you know, who drank the water? Transcription 00:37:36.704 00:37:39.061 si nuə̯k pəʔin Transcription 00:37:39.836 00:37:41.536 si nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ Transcription 00:37:41.536 00:37:43.074 si nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ Transcription 00:37:43.074 00:37:45.289 Who drink this water? Transcription 00:37:53.896 00:38:00.105 and that's pəʔin atiʔ cause it's this water, right? Transcription 00:38:00.105 00:38:06.379 yeah Transcription 00:38:23.498 00:38:39.170 How would you say, uh, um, so well, so I want to ask a question I want to ask uh, um, did alex drink this water or that water? Transcription 00:38:39.170 00:38:49.662 alex nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ ka pəʔin anoʔ Transcription 00:38:49.662 00:38:53.753 alex nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ ka pəʔin anoʔ Transcription 00:38:53.753 00:39:08.386 There's another like, uh, so there's atiʔ and anoʔ and there's another one ajeh which mean like, there, but maybe further. Transcription 00:39:13.890 00:39:22.286 Does it, um, is ajeh just further or is it, if you can't see it? or? Transcription 00:39:22.286 00:39:28.736 Not necessarily even if you can see it if it's further then it's ajeh. Transcription 00:39:28.736 00:39:43.306 If it's close to, you know, who I'm speaking to, if it's close to you, then is that always anoʔ or can that be ajeh as well? Transcription 00:39:43.306 00:39:53.848 Yeah, you can still say that you can still say jeh nggaʔ yeah Transcription 00:39:53.848 00:40:01.686 For example you have something that is like next to you and I'm saying Transcription 00:40:01.686 00:40:02.885 o jeh ŋgaʔ Transcription 00:40:02.885 00:40:13.744 you are looking for it but you cannot see it so I say oh there it is. so ŋgaʔ just means there see, ŋgaʔ is from nəŋgaʔ which mean to see. Transcription 00:40:13.744 00:40:24.308 So, the verb see was, what is that? Transcription 00:40:24.308 00:40:25.648 nəŋgaʔ Transcription 00:40:25.648 00:40:37.661 n e n g? nəŋgaʔ. how do you spell that? n e n g, so n e n g n g a k, yes Transcription 00:40:37.661 00:40:38.836 nəŋgaʔ Transcription 00:40:38.836 00:40:39.986 nəŋgaʔ Transcription 00:40:39.986 00:40:44.231 maybe double g right? n e g g a k Transcription 00:40:47.285 00:40:55.675 so nəŋgaʔ is the verb, the verb to see. Transcription 00:40:58.673 00:41:03.186 So can I say something like kuʔ nəŋgaʔ pəʔin? Transcription 00:41:05.181 00:41:09.048 yeah you can say that. Transcription 00:41:09.048 00:41:13.466 I see the water. Transcription 00:41:13.466 00:41:25.536 there's another um word like for for to see, it is like kris. but I am not sure how, how is it, how is it different from nəŋgaʔ because like, like if I say like um Transcription 00:41:25.536 00:41:27.236 kuʔ giʔ kris u tiə̯ Transcription 00:41:27.236 00:41:32.346 It's mean I saw you just now Transcription 00:41:32.346 00:41:33.986 u giʔ nəŋgaʔ kah? Transcription 00:41:33.986 00:41:43.860 Have you see it, or like that. So, I think kris is like more like a past thing, more like I saw you, kris. Transcription 00:41:43.860 00:41:47.336 giʔ kuʔ kris Transcription 00:41:47.336 00:41:55.011 and you used it wtih tia right, so like kuʔ kris u tiə̯ right? ok. Transcription 00:41:55.011 00:42:06.413 Yeah, I just saw you, more like that? ok. Transcription 00:42:09.151 00:42:15.582 Actually so, if we go back, sorry, I, I started to ask like, um Transcription 00:42:15.582 00:42:30.736 Did alex drink this water or that water. and I think you said alex nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ ka pəʔin anoʔ Transcription 00:42:33.211 00:42:36.173 alex nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ ka pəʔin anoʔ Transcription 00:42:37.723 00:42:41.511 or you could just, um, take one of the pəʔin away Transcription 00:42:41.511 00:42:43.549 alex nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ ka anoʔ Transcription 00:42:43.549 00:42:45.311 Still would make sense. Transcription 00:42:47.061 00:42:53.723 So, so, ka there is like, or? Something like that? Transcription 00:42:53.723 00:42:57.297 Yes. Transcription 00:42:59.982 00:43:20.961 Is that, is that sentence, is that sentence clearly a question? or can, can I just say, you know, if I just want to tell you, Alex drank this water or that water, can I, how would you say that? Transcription 00:43:20.961 00:43:47.466 Or? Like, hmm. I don't know why but I feel like or it, it implies a question, because like or? So if I say, because if I say ka in, for the or it will definitely imply a question. I don't know how else to say it. Transcription 00:43:47.466 00:43:55.523 If I say Alex drink this water, um, like he can drink this water or that water. Transcription 00:43:55.523 00:43:59.755 alex bisaʔ nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ ayuə̯ pəʔin atiʔ Transcription 00:43:59.755 00:44:03.573 which mean he can drink this water or that water. Transcription 00:44:03.573 00:44:16.748 I think ka doesn't actually like mean or. Like it doesnt translate directly. Like ka is just more like, either, like, or it's a questioning thing. Transcription 00:44:18.161 00:44:27.361 Um can you say that sentence again? You said something for Alex can drink this water or that water? right? can you say that again? Transcription 00:44:27.361 00:44:33.320 alex bisaʔ nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ ayuə̯ pəʔin atiʔ Transcription 00:44:33.320 00:44:46.611 So the word ayuə̯ a y u o with the, yeah [ayuə̯], [ayuə̯]. u o is like the, sliding vowel again. Transcription 00:44:48.473 00:44:52.586 it means with or together with. Transcription 00:44:54.608 00:45:00.613 and then bisa means able to? can? Transcription 00:45:00.613 00:45:08.598 yeah. bisaʔ yeah. For us the k is very distinct. Transcription 00:45:15.850 00:45:27.440 Ok. Um, can I say alex bisaʔ nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ ka pəʔin atoʔ Transcription 00:45:27.440 00:45:30.948 Yeah, but that will imply a question. Transcription 00:45:32.527 00:45:36.561 What is, what is it asking? Transcription 00:45:36.561 00:45:40.661 It's asking if alex can drink this water or that water. Transcription 00:45:45.439 00:45:55.183 How would you ask, just, if I want to know, you know, did alex drink this water? How would you ask that? Transcription 00:45:55.183 00:45:58.367 alex giʔ nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ kah Transcription 00:45:58.367 00:46:01.661 alex giʔ nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ kah Transcription 00:46:01.661 00:46:07.432 giʔ, g i k, um, pəʔin atiʔ kah Transcription 00:46:07.432 00:46:09.845 Yeah, so, kah. Transcription 00:46:12.198 00:46:24.098 This kah from this sentence and the kah from the, the first sentence just now, it means the same thing. Like it's a questioning, um, signifier. Transcription 00:46:27.928 00:46:35.583 And there was another word that, I think was new for me. you said alex giʔ nuə̯k? Transcription 00:46:35.583 00:46:42.923 So giʔ mean have. To have something, have. Transcription 00:46:42.923 00:46:54.569 Ok, so, you might use it um, because the drinking ahppened before or maybe it happened before, something like that? Transcription 00:46:54.569 00:47:04.323 yeah, so it, yeah have, like giʔ, did this, uh, have this happened, the drinking, alex? Transcription 00:47:04.323 00:47:06.223 giʔ alex nuə̯k pəʔin a- Transcription 00:47:06.223 00:47:07.998 alex giʔ nuə̯k pəʔin atiʔ kah Transcription 00:47:07.998 00:47:16.173 So, um, alex have drink this water then question signifier, kah. Transcription 00:47:20.629 00:47:27.823 So, can I , can I say alex giʔ nuə̯k pəʔin tiə̯ Transcription 00:47:27.823 00:47:29.182 yes. Transcription 00:47:29.182 00:47:31.123 What does that mean? Transcription 00:47:31.123 00:47:36.846 Alex did drink water just now. Transcription 00:47:36.846 00:47:46.845 Ok. Is, is it sort, does it sound like the same as alex nuə̯k pəʔin tiə̯ Transcription 00:47:52.120 00:47:58.860 Yeah. The meaning will be the same yes. Transcription 00:47:58.860 00:48:05.965 Can I ask, um, ni alex giʔ nuə̯k Transcription 00:48:05.965 00:48:08.710 ni alex giʔ nuə̯k Transcription 00:48:08.710 00:48:11.446 ni alex giʔ nuə̯k Transcription 00:48:11.446 00:48:29.485 Yeah you can say that, but, I think it will be, it will sound a bit like awkward and strange, but it will not be so strange that you will acknowledge it in a sentence when you hear it. Like, you know what I mean? Transcription 00:48:29.485 00:48:34.885 You can understand it but, but maybe it's not good Biatah? Transcription 00:48:34.885 00:48:36.473 Yeah. Transcription 00:48:36.473 00:48:49.666 Ok. How, yeah, how, how would you, can can you ask what did alex drink using giʔ? Transcription 00:48:49.666 00:48:59.710 What did alex drink, with giʔ. Um, I don't think of any sentence where it would fit in that sentence. Transcription 00:48:59.710 00:49:00.523 Yeah. Transcription 00:49:00.523 00:49:06.498 Because if I want to ask, did alex drink? ah, so it will be Transcription 00:49:06.498 00:49:08.362 alex giʔ nuə̯k kah Transcription 00:49:10.848 00:49:16.785 Yeah yeah. Is that, like did alex drink? Is that the, Is that the sentence? Transcription 00:49:16.785 00:49:21.173 Oh, so I wanted to ask what did alex drink? Right. Transcription 00:49:21.173 00:49:29.773 So if you ask, if you were going to ask what, um you cannot have giʔ. It will not fit into the sentence, so you will say, um Transcription 00:49:29.773 00:49:31.610 alex nuə̯k ni Transcription 00:49:31.610 00:49:34.553 It will be like Alex drink what/ Transcription 00:49:34.553 00:49:47.166 So actually let me, let me jsut check. Let me give you lots of options. Maybe they are all bad. And you can tell me, right? so um. Transcription 00:49:47.166 00:49:52.632 So could I ask alex giʔ nuə̯k ni Transcription 00:49:52.632 00:49:58.794 alex giʔ nuə̯k ni Transcription 00:49:58.794 00:50:00.398 Yeah you could say that. Transcription 00:50:00.398 00:50:03.667 alex giʔ nuə̯k ni Transcription 00:50:03.667 00:50:21.148 Um, I think the context for that, um, sentence is usually when you, like, he is sick because he did, because he drink something and you are going to ask if he drink anything in particular which make him sick. Transcription 00:50:21.148 00:50:25.198 alex giʔ nuə̯k ni Transcription 00:50:28.635 00:50:41.023 How about, uh, so, I think I asked before. ni alex giʔ nuə̯k. Was that strange or was that ok? Transcription 00:50:41.023 00:50:47.573 Yeah it sounds a bit, yeah strange and awkward. But, yeah still. Yeah. Transcription 00:50:47.573 00:50:53.835 How about, uh, ni giʔ alex nuə̯k? Transcription 00:50:53.835 00:51:01.985 ni giʔ alex nuə̯k. Yeah so this one I, I don't think it will be correct because I, it doesn't make sense anymore. Transcription 00:51:01.985 00:51:04.448 It doesn't make sense at all. Ok. Alright. Transcription 00:51:04.448 00:51:08.985 how about, um, ni giʔ nuə̯k alex? Transcription 00:51:08.985 00:51:11.598 ni giʔ nuə̯k alex Transcription 00:51:11.598 00:51:19.360 Ok so this sentence, now it becomes, what drank alex. like ni giʔ nuə̯k, What have drank alex? Transcription 00:51:54.343 00:51:59.348 So, ni alex nuə̯k was fine, is that right? Transcription 00:51:59.348 00:52:01.593 ni alex nuə̯k Transcription 00:52:01.593 00:52:15.223 Oh no, you, or ni nuə̯k alex is best. Sorry. Um. Transcription 00:52:15.223 00:52:21.823 Can I ask as a question ni nuə̯k alex kah? Transcription 00:52:21.823 00:52:27.473 No. Because the ni is already asking, so without the kah. Transcription 00:52:48.910 00:52:59.215 When you say the word for water is it [piʔin] or [pəʔin] Transcription 00:52:59.215 00:53:00.298 [pəʔɪn] Transcription 00:53:00.298 00:53:01.035 [pəʔɪn] Transcription 00:53:01.035 00:53:02.510 [pəʔɪn] Transcription 00:53:02.510 00:53:16.638 Ok so for, ok, this area I am fairly sure that it is pəʔin with e, so I know some dialect say piʔin Transcription 00:53:32.973 00:53:56.060 And when you say something like um, like nuə̯k, um, I don't know, I don't know if the audio quality is good enough for you to actually hear me over zoom or not, but but I'll, I'll try this. Transcription 00:53:56.060 00:54:05.571 do you think that it’s better if I pronounce it [nuo̯k] or [nuə̯k]. Can you hear a difference between those two? Transcription 00:54:05.571 00:54:16.019 Yeah. So. Yeah [nuə̯k] with like, a less rounded sound is the way it, uh, it should be said. Transcription 00:54:16.019 00:54:20.335 More like [nuə̯k] than, rather than [nuo̯k]? Transcription 00:54:20.335 00:54:25.759 Yes. Transcription 00:54:25.759 00:54:30.398 And that goes the same for something like ayuə̯ Transcription 00:54:30.398 00:54:31.448 ayuə̯ Transcription 00:54:31.448 00:54:35.498 Yeah, ayuə̯, its, ok ayuə̯ Transcription 00:54:35.498 00:54:53.048 Cause if you use like, like if you spell it with an e, like ayue, id doesnt sound like ayuə̯. I don't know how to explain it. I hope you can make sense of what I am saying. Transcription 00:54:53.048 00:54:53.848 Yeah for sure. Transcription 00:54:53.848 00:54:58.789 ayuə̯, ayuə̯ like Transcription 00:54:58.789 00:55:04.748 So ayuə̯, a y u a, ayuə̯, maybe it's like a but Transcription 00:55:04.748 00:55:12.034 like leaning towards e