\_sh v3.0 545 MDF 4.0 \lx ʔ- \hm 1 \ps pre \ge NZ \de nominalizer \ee This ‘prefix’ is likely an artifact of vowel initial words in which the nominal form generally preserved the glottal stop while the verbal form lost this feature. Glossed as NZ. \xv 1. aqləw ; ʔaqləw \xe 'to swallow; to ingest' ; 'throat; neck.' \xv 2. išaw ; ʔišaw \xe 'to be warm; to be tolerably hot' ; 'sun; day.' \xv 3. oxšoł ; ʔoxšoł \xe 'to urinate' ; 'urine.' \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔ- \hm 2 \ps vpre \ge IMPV \ge imperative \de imperative verbal prefix \ee This prefix may be found with or without word final glottalization. Glossed as IMPV. \xv 1. ałhaš ; mupxuyuwit, ʔałhaš wašəʔəʔə̀tš ! \xe 'to talk; to speak; to gossip' ; 'do not lie to me, talk pure truth!' \xv 2. i(y)- ; ʔiyustap ʔinapiyətuw ! \xe 'plural argument prefix' ; 'row ye hard!' \xv 3. ʔiyušlepen ! \xe 'make room!' (said to a crowd of people when you want them to make a passage-way). \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd mood \sd voice \lg TJPH \rf Bad \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -ʔ \hm 1 \ps vsuf \ge FG \de functional glottalization \ee The meaning of this suffix is difficult to determine precisely. It generally results in a final sonorant becoming glottalized, or a final vowel being reduplicated. In other Chumash languages it is given the designation of ‘emphatic,’ such as when there are many of a noun instead of only a few, or one. These meanings are grouped with the imperative glottalization. However, the suffix would appear to nominalize in Ventureño as well. Therefore, the designation of ‘emphatic’ in Ventureño most likely does not capture all the functions of the glottalization. Glossed as REDUP where reduplication of all or part of a word results. Glossed as FG (functional glottalization) elsewhere. \xv 1. šałkəyəmi ; šałkəyəm̓i \xe 'to straighten (arrow) with hot stone ; heated stone for straightening arrows.' \xv 1. sukupin; tsukupin̓ \xe 'to light a light; glowworm.' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd mood \lg TJPH \rf 90.727.1; 92.225.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx -ʔ \a -◌̓ \va (-◌̓) \hm 2 \ps vsuf \ge IMPV \de imperative verb suffix \ee Mentioned in the literature but not attested in the data. This phonetic feature is sometimes realized as final glottalization on sonorants. Glossed as IMPV. \xv 1. ʔan itpén̓ ! \xe 'reflect!' \xv 2. qisə lošiwaštitʔoy̓ ! \xe 'look at that rainbow there!' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd mood \sd voice \lg TJPH; SW \rf 92.519.1; Bad16 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔa \rd ʔaʔaʔa \ps n \ge eyelash \de eyelash \dn pestaña \gn pestaña \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaʼ ‘eyelash,’ CRZ –isʼa ‘eyelash’ (Whistler 1980: 1; Beeler & Klar 1977: 88) \xv 1. kʔa \xe 'my eyelash.' \xv 2. sikʔa \xe 'my eyelash(es).' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 89.7; 92.3.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔa- \ps vpre \ge NEG.FUT \ge negative purpose prefix \de negative purpose prefix \ee This prefix is used on verbs, and it is glossed as PURP.NEG. No examples of the positive purpose counterpart of this prefix, ͽkihu- , are given. Since this prefix seems to contain the subordinator ͽki= , it may suggest that ͽʔa- also conveys subordinate meaning (not uncommon for such prefixes). \xv 1. ʔapoxonəšpiyit \xe 'do not be afraid of me.' \xv 2. huksunapay hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔasməʔə \xe 'I am going to take out water, so he won’t drown.' \xv 3. ʔinaptapi kaki ʔapʰməʔə ! \xe 'do not enter there lest you get drowned!' \xv 4. məlapsutuʔuw hesaʔałmohò ʔapʰintskonin ! \xe 'don’t eat too many sweets, lest you have worms!' \xv 5. xilikšaši ʔapatskaw \xe 'take care of yourself that you do not meet with an accident.' \xv 6. tsalumulit ʔan tsʔipit kʰan pqisənwu hałʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš an mupwatinowo ʔapitaq hałʔiyʔałʔipʔipʰpi \xe 'my grandmother counseled me not to suddenly stand by a bunch of men to listen what they are talking about.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd mood \sd voice \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.802.2; 89.183.4; 90.290.3; 91.67.3; 93.83.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaʔaʔa \ps n \ge eyelash.REDUP \de eyelash.REDUP \cf ʔa \ce eyelash \sd reduplications \dt 25/Apr/2011 \lx ʔaʔawaš \ps n \ge crow \de crow \gn cuervo menor \dn cuervo menor \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaʼ ‘crow,’ CRZ awaš ‘crow,’ INZ ʼaʼ ‘crow,’ OBI t-aʼa ‘crow’ (Whistler 1980: 1; Beeler & Klar 1977: 82; SYBCI 2007: 31; Klar 19--a: 39) \ee The dialectal variant ʔa was used in Matilija. Old Indians said that the cry of the crow would always continue. The cry signifies applause. \mr [<ʔaʔ (crow) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \xv 1. lokaʔa ʔan tsʔip ʔa ʔa ʔa \xe 'the crow says a, a, a' (Matilija dialect). \sd animals \sd nature \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.8; 92.4.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaʔtšʔatš \a ʔatšʔatš \a atšʔatš \va (ʔatšʔatš, atšʔatš) \ps n \ge magpie \de magpie \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼačʼačʼ ‘magpie’ (Whistler 1980: 1) \xv 1. tsʔip, “pii pii” \xe 'it [the magpie] says, “pii pii.” ' \xv 2. hesiʔałqapatš ʔan ʔałwaqʰšikìtš \xe 'this bird is colorful' (refers to the magpie). \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.432.1-434.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔakawayu \ps v \ge go on horseback \ge horseback, go on \de to go on horseback \mr [] \cf kawayu \ce horse \cf naʔakawayu \ce to do on horseback \xv 1. hukʔakawayu \xe 'I am going to go on horseback.' \xv 2. tšʰutšoho ʔisʔakawayu lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'this man is very good on horseback; this man knows how to ride.' \xn 'el hombre is muy bueno á caballo, sabe andar á caballo.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd common \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.11.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔakwałta \ps n \ge riding whip \de riding whip \mr [] \dn cuarta \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.15.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔal- \a ʔał- \a ʔałt- \a ałʔ- \a ał- \a ʔan- \a al- \a ł- \a l- \va (ʔał-, ʔałt-, ʔalt-, ʔan-, ał-, ł-) \ps pre \ge NZ \de nominalizing prefix \ee The primary use of this prefix is to derive nouns from verbs. It may also result forming in a stative verb. When preceeding a word that begins with a sibilant, this prefix causes an epenthetic ͽt to come between the ͽł and ͽs/š. Glossed as NZ.II. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼal- ‘nominalizer’ (Mithun 2002: 57) \cf ʔałʔal- \ce agentivizing prefix \cf ʔan1 \ce I. focus particle II. dependent particle \cf ʔan- \ce diminutive nominalizing prefix \cf al- \ce stative verbal prefix \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx ʔał \rd ʔałʔaʔał \ps n \ge liver \de liver \et *ts-al̓a \ec Compare BOI ʼal̓ ‘liver,’ CRZ cal ‘liver,’ INZ ʼal̓ ‘liver,’ OBI cʼala ‘liver,’ PUY ’ał ‘liver’ (Klar 1977: 95; Harrington 1986: 3.6.19.1) \xv 1. hesikʔał \xe 'my liver.' \xv 2. musʔił tsʔał \xe 'there is not any liver.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.137.3-138.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔał- \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałʔaʔał \ps n \ge liver.REDUP \de liver.REDUP \cf ʔał \ce liver \sd reduplications \dt 25/Apr/2011 \lx ʔalʔał- \cf ʔałʔal- \ce agentivizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałʔal- \a ʔałʔał- \a ʔalal- \a ʔalʔał- \a alʔal- \va (ʔalʔal-, ʔalʔał-, ʔałʔał-, ʔalal-, alʔal-) \ps pre \ge AGTZ \de agentivizing prefix \ee This prefix derives a noun from a verb indicating that the noun is a person who regularly engages in the verb. Glossed as AGTZ. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.redupϡ)>] \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \xv 1. ʔoyo ; ʔałʔałʔoyo \xe 'to help' ; 'assistant; helper.' \xv 2. ałwa ; ʔałʔalałwa \xe 'to kill (a person)' ; 'murderer.' \xv 3. aqiwəwə ; ʔałʔalaqiwəwə \xe 'to swim' ; 'swimmer.' \xv 4. aqułpep ; ʔałʔalaqułpep \xe 'to pick over; to salvage' ; 'one who salvages things.' \xv 5. awit ; ʔałʔalawitš \xe 'to care for' ; 'caretaker; smn who cares for others.' \xv 6. axipe ; ʔałʔalaxipetš \xe 'to carve' ; 'carpenter.' \xv 7. axiyep ; ʔałʔalaxiyepš \xe 'to cure' ; 'doctor.' \xv 8. eqmelew ; ʔałʔaleqmelewš \xe 'to lap; to lick' ; 'kiss-ass.' \xv 9. eqweł ; ʔałʔaleqweł \xe 'to make' ; 'maker.' \xv 10. nəw ; ʔałʔałnəw \xe 'to sing' ; 'singer.' \xv 11. oxkʰonono ; ʔałʔaloxkʰonono \xe 'to grunt' ; 'snorer; smn who snores.' \xv 12. pelonušaʔaš ; ʔałʔałpelonušaʔaš \xe 'to shear; to be in the shearer' ; 'shearer.' \xv 13. taktə ; ʔałʔałtaktə \xe 'to slay; to butcher; to murder; to hit' ; 'hunter.' \xv 14. tamay ; ʔałʔałtamay \xe 'to forget' ; 'forgetful person.' \xv 15. tipatu ; ʔałʔałtipatu \xe 'to insert onself; to butt in; to interupt' ; 'busybody; meddler.' \xv 16. tipoyoqo ; ʔałʔałtipoyoqotš \xe 'to bore' ; 'professional (shell money) borer.' \xv 17. tomoł ; ʔałʔałtomolitš \xe 'tomol ; canoer.' \xv 18. ułmiʔit ; ʔałʔalułmit \xe 'to hunt deer' ; 'deer hunter (professional).' \xv 19. ustsʔəmə ; ʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš \xe 'to bury' ; 'grave-digger; undertaker.' \xv 20. ušumi ; ʔałʔalušumi \xe 'to be generous' ; 'smn kindhearted; smn hospitable.' \xv 21. ušqetʔe ; ʔałʔalušqetʔetš \xe 'to press on with one’s hands/fingers' ; 'masseur.' \xv 22. uštʔey ; ʔałʔalušteš \xe 'to touch' ; 'worker who’s profession is to cure people by rubbing them.' \xv 23. utʔaʔaw ; ʔałʔalutʔawš \xe 'to hunt' ; 'hunter.' \xv 24. watʔałtə ; ʔałʔałwatʔałtə \xe 'to contradict; to go against; to be antidote to' ; 'contradictor.' \xv 25. xuxa ; ʔałʔałxuxa \xe 'to be cowardly' ; 'coward.' \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \rf 89.150.4, 235.4-236.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔał- \cf ʔałʔal- \ce agentivizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałʔałʔoyo \ps n \ge assistant \ge helper \de assistant; helper \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + ʔoyo (help)>] \cf ʔoyo \ce to help \ee Note in example 1 the first person singular object suffix, which here is translated as a first person singular possessive. \xv 1. lokaʔałʔałʔoyonit \xe 'my assistant / my helper.' \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.150.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalał \ps n \ge plower \ge smn who plows \de plower; smn who plows \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔalal (plow)>] \cf ʔalał \ce to plow \xv 1. kʔałʔalał \xe 'I am a plower.' \sd people \sd plants \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.143.4-144.1 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx ʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \ps n \ge thankful one \de thankful one \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + al- (ϡstatϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + kuʔum (arrive (as is said of a point in time); come; meet; come to smn)>] \cf alaqkuʔum \ce I. to do a favor for II. to be grateful towards smn \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \xv 1. maʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \xe 'he is unthankful (he isn’t thankful anymore).' \sd people \sd emotions \lg TJPH \rf 89.139.3 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalałwa \ps n \ge murderer \de murderer \gn asesino \dn asesino \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + alwa (murder)>] \cf ałwa \ce to kill (a person) \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.144.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaqiwəwə \ps n \ge swimmer \de swimmer \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + aqiwəwə (swim)>] \cf aqiwəwə \ce to swim \sd people \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.144.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \ps n \ge smn ticklish \ge smn sensitive to touch \de smn ticklish; smn sensitive to touch \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + aqšəkʔə (have an itch) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \cf aqšəkʔə \ce to have an itch \cf aqšəkʔəni \ce to be touchy; to be sensitive to touch or tickling \xv 1. no ʔan mukʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \xe 'I am not ticklish.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.77.1, 144 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaqułpep \ps n \ge one who salvages things \ge salvages things, one who \de one who salvages things \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + aqul- (ϡinstrϡ.separating) + pep (picking action)>] \cf aqułpep \ce to pick over; to salvage \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.114.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaskəʔə \ps n \ge knapsack.REDUP \ge kit bag.REDUP \de knapsack.REDUP; kit bag.REDUP \cf ʔalaskə \ce knapsack; kit bag \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalawitš \ps n \ge caretaker \ge smn who cares for others \de caretaker; smn who cares for others \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + awit (care for smn) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf awit \ce to care for \sd people \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.173 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaxipetš \pl ʔiyʔałʔalaxipetš \ps n \ge carpenter \de carpenter \ee This refers more specifically to someone who works wood with a hatchet. \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + axi- (ϡinstrϡ.punctual) + pen (clear away) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \sy kampintelu \cf axipe \ce to carve \sd people \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 89.145.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaxiyepš \ps n \ge doctor \de doctor \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + axi- (ϡinstrϡ.punctual) + yep () + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf axiyep \ce to cure \xv 1. kseqe ʔan kaypiʔiʔi kušiʔik kałwašətš sukqisəʔə lokaʔałʔalaxiyepš \xe 'I pulled him it but for that reason it ached all the more, it seemed well for me to go see the doctor.' \sd people \sd common \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.145.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaxutsʔu \ps n \ge envious one \ge one who envies \de envious one; one who envies \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + ?axʔu- (ϡinstrϡ.marginally) + utu (envy)>] \sy ʔałʔalaxutsʔu \cf axutsʔu \ce to envy \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.146.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalaxʔutu \ps n \ge envious one \ge one who envies \de envious one; one who envies \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + axʔutu (envy)>] \sy ʔałʔalaxutsʔu \cf axʔutu \ce to envy \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.145.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔaleqmelewš \ps n \ge kiss-ass \ge panderer \de panderer; kiss-ass \ee Term unattested, but consultant thought it to be well formed. \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + eqmelew (lap; lick) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf eqmelew \ce to lap; to lick \sd people \sd common \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.146.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔaleqweł \ps n \ge maker \de maker \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + eqwel (make)>] \ee It seems might have been used by itself to indicate a maker of canoes, though with additional specification it can indicate a maker of anything. \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \xv 1. ʔałʔaleqweł sitomoł \xe 'carpenter of canoes.' \xv 2. ʔałʔaleqweł ʔisiya \xe 'a chair maker.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔałʔaleqweł \xe 'I am a carpenter [of canoes].' \sd people \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.146.4-147 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalesał \ps n \ge prayer \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔalesał (pray)>] \de prayer \cf ʔalesał \ce to pray \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \rf Señán 1967 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx ʔałʔalexpetš \ps n \ge singer for dancers \de singer for the dancers \ee This word is similar in meaning to ʔałʔałnəw ‘singer.’ \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + expen (sing to) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf expen \ce to sing (to) \cf expetš \ce to sing (for dancers) \sd people \sd religion \sd culture \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.147.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałʔaliwəʔə \a ʔalʔaliwəʔə \va (ʔalʔaliwəʔə) \ps n \ge relative.REDUP \de relative.REDUP \cf ʔaliwə \ce relative \sd reduplications \rf Coyo73 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałnəw \a ʔalałnəw \va (ʔalałnəw) \ps n \ge singer \de singer \gn cantador \dn cantador \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + nəw (sing)>] \ee This word is similar in meaning to ͽʔałʔalexpetš ‘singer for the dancers.’ \cf nəw \ce to sing \sd religion \sd culture \sd language \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.147, 175.2; 93.113.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałnuxiliwə \ps n \ge bashful person \ge smn bashful \de bashful person; smn bashful \gn algn vergonzoso \gn vergonzoso, algn \dn algn vergonzoso \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + nuxiliwə (be shy; be timid; be bashful)>] \cf małʔałnuxiliwəłtš \ce unabashed person \cf nuxiliwə \ce to be shy; to be timid; to be bashful \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.150.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔaloxkʰonono \ps n \ge snorer \ge smn who snores \de snorer; smn who snores \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + kʰonono (?related to grinding)>] \cf oxkʰonono \ce to grunt \sd people \sd health \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.150, 236.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałpelonušaʔaš \ps n \ge shearer \de shearer \gn trasquilador \dn trasquilador \ee From Spanish ‘pelón,’ ‘bald’ \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + pelon (bald) + -us (ϡaplϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf pelonušaʔaš \ce to shear; to be in the shearer \sd people \sd animals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.154.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałqapaʔatš \ps n \ge bird.REDUP \de bird.REDUP \cf ʔałqapatš \ce bird \sd reduplications \dt 31/Jul/2018 \lx ʔałʔałqapuʔutš \ps n \ge mortar.REDUP \de mortar.REDUP \cf ʔałqaputš \ce mortar \sd reduplications \dt 19/Feb/2011 \lx ʔałʔałsitpe \cf ʔałʔałtsitpe \ce healer \sd variations \dt 19/Feb/2011 \lx ʔałʔałšaxšiłtš \cf ʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \ce fisherman (professionally employed) \sd variations \dt 14/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałʔałšəpš \cf ʔałʔałtšəpš \ce wise one; learned one \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtaktə \ps n \ge hunter \de hunter \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + taktə (slay; butcher; murder; hit)>] \cf taktə \ce to slay; to kill; to butcher; to hit \xv 1. lokaʔiʔałʔałtaktəwu kanutria \xe 'the otter hunters.' \sd people \sd animals \sd food \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.155.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtamay \ps n \ge forgetful person \de forgetful person \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + tamay (forget)>] \cf tamay \ce to forget \sd people \sd descriptions \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.155.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtipatu \ps n \ge busybody \ge meddler \de busybody; meddler \gn entrometido \dn entrometido \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + tipa- (ϡinstrϡ.pressing) + tu (two; twice)>] \cf tipatu \ce to insert onself; to butt in; to interupt \xv 1. ʔałʔałtipatu \xe 'a person who goes about interfering in the business of other, a busybody, a meddler.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.156.1; 91.174.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtipoyoqotš \ps n \ge professional (shell money) borer \ge borer, professional (shell money) \de professional (shell money) borer \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + tipa- (ϡinstrϡ.pressing) + yoqo (related to spinning) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf tipoyoqo \ce to bore (shell money) \cf tipoyoqotš \ce to bore \sd people \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.156.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtomolitš \ps n \ge canoer \de canoer \gn cayuquero \dn cayuquero \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + tomol (tomol) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf tomoł \ce tomoł; canoe (sewn-plank); boat \sd culture \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.156.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtsitpe \a ʔałʔałsitpe \va (ʔałʔałsitpe) \ps n \ge healer \de healer \gn sanador \dn sanador \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + itpe (be alive)>] \cf sitpe \ce to cure smn; to heal smn \sd people \sd culture \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.157.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \a ʔałʔałšaxšiłtš \pl ʔiyʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \ps n \ge fisherman (professionally employed) \de fisherman (professionally employed) \ee Harrington notes that priests and others employed these fishermen. \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + sil (related to biting)>] \sy ʔałʔałtšotšo \cf axsił \ce to bite \cf saxsił \ce to cause to bite; to catch \cf šaxšiʔiłtš \ce to fish (from anywhere) \sd people \sd food \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.157.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtšəpəšiwaš \ps n \ge wise one, previously \de one who was previously wise \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + səp (teach) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔałšəpəšiwaš \ce Coyote; old teacher \cf səp \ce to teach \cf šəpəš \ce student; one taught \sd people \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.157.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtšəpš \a ʔałʔałšəpš \va (ʔałʔałšəpš) \ps n \ge wise one \ge learned one \de wise one; learned one \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + səp (teach) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf səp \ce to teach \sd people \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.157.3, 262.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtšotšo \pl ʔiyʔałʔałtšotšo \ps n \ge fisherman \de fisherman \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + tšotšo (fish)>] \sy ʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \sd people \sd food \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.157.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałtšumitš \pl ʔiyʔałʔałtšumitš \ps n \ge smn wealthy \ge wealthy, smn \de smn wealthy \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tšum (be good; be agreeable) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔałtšum \ce money; treasure; anchovy \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. ʔiyʔałʔałtšumitš ʔəhə ʔišiyʔałtšum \xe 'they are rich men.' \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.267.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalułmit \ps n \ge deer hunter \de deer hunter \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + ulmiʔit (hunt deer)>] \cf ułmiʔit \ce to hunt deer \sd people \sd animals \lg TJPH \rf 89.158 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalušqetʔetš \ps n \ge masseur \de masseur \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + qetʔe (mold) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ušqetʔe \ce to press on with one’s hands/fingers \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.158 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalušteš \ps n \ge smn who cures people by rubbing them \ge rubbing them, smn who cures people by \de smn who cures people by rubbing them \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + tʔey (related to touching) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ustʔey \ce to rest one’s hand on; to be occupied with \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.159.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš \ps n \ge undertaker \ge grave-digger \de grave-digger; undertaker \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + ustsʔəmə (bury) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ustsʔəmə \ce to bury \xv 1. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tšaqša lašalitəqitš, lokaʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš kałtsuqintʔum \xe 'this man died with his eyes open, the undertaker came and shut his eyes.' \sd religion \sd people \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.159.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalušumi \ps n \ge smn kindhearted \ge kindhearted, smn \ge smn hospitable \ge hospitable, smn \de smn kindhearted; smn hospitable \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + ušumi (be generous)>] \cf ušumi \ce to be generous \sd people \sd economics \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.159.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔalutʔawš \ps n \ge hunter \de hunter \mr [<ʔalʔal- (hunter) + utʔaʔaw (hunt) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf utʔaʔaw \ce to hunt \xv 1. tsiyʔipuswu lokaʔiyʔałʔalutʔawš \xe 'they said to the hunters.' \sd hunting \sd food \sd people \lg TJPH \rf 89.160.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałwatʔałtə \ps n \ge contrarian \de contrarian \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + watʔ- ?(ϡinstrϡ.swathing) + altə (meet smn/smth)>] \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \cf watʔałtə \ce to contradict; to go against; to be antidote \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.160.4; 91.638.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔałxo \pl ʔiyʔałʔałxo \ps n \ge thief \de thief \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI al̓alxo ‘(thief),’ INZ ʼolxo ‘to rob; to steal (lit. to be one who steals)’ (Whistler 1980: 2; SYBCI 2007: 593) \cf xono \ce to steal; to steal from \xv 1. kʔałʔałxo \xe 'I stole it,' \xe This translation does not seem to make sense given the agentivization of the word. Perhaps nominating oneself 'a robber' indicates that one has just stolen something. \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.154.4-155.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałʔałxuxa \ps n \ge coward \de coward \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + xuxa (be cowardly)>] \cf xuxa \ce to be cowardly; to be timid \xv 1. no ʔan kʔałʔałxuxa \xe 'I am a coward.' \xv 2. ʔalʔałxuxa šaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'a cowardly man.' \xv 3. kʔałxuxa \xe 'I am afraid.' \sd emotions \sd people \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.248.2, 93.101.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔapʰanəš \ps n \ge home owner \ge owner of a house \de home owner; owner of a house \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔap (house) + ?-pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \cf ʔapʰanitš \ce to live smwh \xv 1. lokaʔałʔapʰanəš ʔan musililikʔe \xe 'the owner of the house is not here.' \xv 2. tsyət sixʔanwa tsaqtuniyəw lokaʔałʔapʰanəš \xe 'a woman came wanting the owner of the house.' \sd people \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.163.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔapʔałpay \a ʔalapʔałpay \va (ʔalapʔałpay) \ph ˀɑɬˀɑˈp̕ɑɬˌpɑj \ps n \ge large cat species \de large cat species \ee The literal translation of this word would seem to be 'one who makes his home up high.' There are, perhaps, several possible not necessarily mutually exclusive practical referents for this word. 1. Since it is said to be the larger of two varieties of mountain lion, it may refer to the male mountain lion. 2. It is possible this word (or one of the words for large cat species) refers to the jaguar (Panthera onca), which sometimes roamed north out of Central America. Since, as we see in 3., it refers to a darker colored animal, it may have refered to the melanistic variant of the jaguar. 3. It is also said that this cat is smaller than the ͽʔałxay̓ ‘bobcat.’ When said to be a type of smaller bobcat, it is said to be more gray in color. Perhaps it indicates a subspecies of bobcat. 4. A final possible translation is that this word is used simply for an unspecified large cat. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔap (living place; house) + ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + pay (related to verticality)>] \cf ʔałxay̓ \ce bobcat \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf tukʔem̓ \ce mountain lion \xv 1. tšaqułtšeqʔètš kišmiš kinupan tšušpete loʔištənə̀kʰ tsʰunuwus loʔišpù \xe '[the wild cat] separates the good from the bad and cries and then wipes its tears using its paws.' \xv 2. ʔiškom̓laʔa ʔan ʔiš ʔan wonwonoqʰš kʔuwe loʔkaʔalapʔałpay ʔan tšuwaʔuškum ʔištəqʰšaʔàš \xe 'both are reddish-gray but the smallish mountain cat is more fog colored.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd mammals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.403.2; 71.945.1; 91.431.1-946.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałʔatəšwənitš \ps n \ge one who uses herbs to heal/do good \de one who uses herbs to heal/do good \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔatəšwə (herb; charm; hope; dream; talisman) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔałtipʔatəšwə \ce smn who uses herbs/medicine to kill; sorcerer \cf ʔatəšwə \ce herb; dream; hope; charm; talisman \xv 1. tsʔił ʔiskoton sixus \xe 'he has a bear shirt' (said of one who uses herbs to heal/do good). \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.172.4, 254.2-3 \dt 27/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałʔepšunitš \ps n \ge hatted person \de hatted person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔepsu (basket hat) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔepsu \ce basket hat \cf ʔepšunetš \ce to wear a hat \sd people \sd clothes \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.174.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔespʔet \ps n \ge palm of the hand \de palm of the hand \ee Literally, 'that which is flat/broad.' \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔespʔet (be flat)>] \cf ʔespʔet \ce to be broad; to be flat \xv 1. hesikʔałʔespʔet \xe 'my palm.' \xv 2. tsʔespʔet \xe 'it is broad.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.174.4-175.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔišuš \ps n \ge person with much pubic hair \de person with much pubic hair \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔišuš (pubic hair)>] \cf ʔišuš \ce pubic hair \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \sd people \sd body \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.211.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔowow \ps n \ge smth white \ge white, smth \ge whiteness \ge egg white \ge talcum \ge white (of the eye) \de smth white; whiteness \ee Also used to refer to egg white, talcum, and the white of the eye. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔowow (be white)>] \cf ʔowow \ce to be white \xv 1. heʔisʔalʔowow siktəq \xe 'the white of my eye.' \xv 2. tsiqip heʔišquntštutukš tsʰunuwus saʔałʔowow \xe 'she fills all her wrinkles with talcum.' \xv 3. nełkaʔaʔan lokapkawayu? ; losaʔałʔowow \xe 'which is your horse?' ; 'he is the white one.' \xv 4. nikšošoy? ; mə, kʔałʔowow \xe 'am I black?' ; 'no, I am white.' \xv 5. heʔisʔałʔowow siktəq \xe 'the white of my eye.' \sd colors \sd body \sd food \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.238.2-239.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔoyi \ps n \ge wry one \de wry one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔoyi (be to one side; be twisted; be crooked)>] \cf ʔoyi \ce to be to one side; to be twisted; to be crooked \sd people \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.235.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałʔušumitšaš \ps n \ge poor person \ge pauper \de poor person; pauper \gn pobre, un \dn un pobre \ee There is an indication that this person may not have a home. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔ- (?ϡnzϡ) + ušumi (be generous) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -šVš (ϡreflϡ)>] \cf ušumi \ce to be generous \cf ušumiš \ce to pity \sd people \sd descriptions \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.280.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ʔala- \a ʔalà- \ps vprcl \ge perhaps \ge maybe \de perhaps; maybe; it might be \xv 1. ʔałnawa hukʰkumli ʔala neeštaktənwaš \xe 'when I shall arrive, maybe he will have already killed it.' \xv 2. ʔalahusixmayit \xe 'maybe I am going to faint away.' \xv 3. ʔalamupnuqisə \xe 'perhaps you did not look at it sharp.' \xv 4. tsiwitwit hesikʰqo; tsiwitwitus hesikʰqo ʔalaʔasku \xe 'my dog is barking; my dog is barking at somebody.' \xv 5. tskum puʔpù, kʔùwe kəpə ʔan musʔił pʰalà hałtsʔutʔaw \xe 'Roadrunner arrived, but this time she brought no prey either.' \xv 6. ʔalasʔił hałʔapʔapwaʔaš ʔan neʔesixmenxmen lokasiyilikʔenutš kakukuʔu \xe 'maybe there were some old houses fallen down where people had lived.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd proclitics \sd clitics \sd mood \lg JPH \rf 90.42.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalal- \cf ʔałʔal- \ce agentivizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ʔalał \rd ʔałʔalał \ps v \ge plow \de to plow \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalał \ce plower; smn who plows \xv 1. kʔałʔalał \xe 'I am a plower.' \xv 2. pakeʔet sikʰkawayu ʔan tsxawawaʔa, muštaxtaxšətš, kʔuwe numis sukʔalał \xe 'one of my horses is lean, he does not have strength, but I am still going to plow.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd plants \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.143-144; 92.109.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalalaxlapš \ps n \ge enchanter \ge smn who enchants by singing \de enchanter; smn who enchants by singing \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + axlap (enchant by singing) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf axlap \ce to enchant by singing; to bewitch \sd people \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.145.3, 385.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalalewsa \ps n \ge peon player \de peon player \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔalewsa (play peon)>] \cf ʔalewsa \ce to play peon \xv 1. ʔatʔaxatš ʔalalewsa \xe 'a great peon player.' \sd people \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.134.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalałnəw \cf ʔałʔałnəw \ce singer \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalałpay \a alałpay \va (alałpay) \ps n \ge up \ge upper part \ge height \de up; upper part; height; heaven \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + al- (ϡstatϡ) + pay (related to verticality)>] \cf taniʔalałpay \ce further below (in the ground) \xv 1. lokasʔalałpay kaxayanəš kaʔisʔespʔet ʔan lakʰan tšnehet \xe 'the height of the cover and its breadth are the same.' \xv 2. kakikoko lokalilikʔe ʔalałpay \xe 'our Father in Heaven.' \xv 3. ʔalałpaʔaʔay kasilikʔe lokakikoko \xe 'our Father is way up in the sky.' \xv 3. šikšepšle saʔałʔalałpay \xe 'my upper lip.' \xv 4. ʔalałpay kamišup kayəlaʔa ʔitiʔišup \xe 'in Heaven and in earth and everywhere.' \xv 5. tsʔił ʔisʰinʔałpołkwowo heʔalałpay \xe 'it has a knob on top.' \xv 6. lokaʔaleqwał ʔalałpay kaʔitimišup \xe 'Creator of Heaven and Earth.' \xv 7. ʔapʰanəšmu mišup ; ʔapʰanəšmu ʔalałpay \xe 'the world below ; the world above.' \sd religion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.151.1-154.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔalałqoni \ps n \ge laugher \ge smn who is always laughing \de laugher; smn who is always laughing \gn resueño \dn resueño \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + qoʔo (laugh) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \cf qoʔo \ce to laugh \sd people \sd descriptions \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.148 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalalu \ps n \ge plow \de plow \mr [] \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd plants \sd food \sd tools \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.158.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalamisyon \ps n \ge mission \de mission \mr [] \xv 1. hesaʔalamisyon \xe 'this mission.' \xv 2. huknaʔał ʔalamisyon \xe 'I am going to the mission.' \sd borrowings \sd places \sd Spanish \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.161.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalamle \ps n \ge wire \de wire \mr [] \xv 1. muksuyołqoli, hukkonkonoqš hesaʔalamle kinahukʰkumeli kihukuliʔiš lokatsʔohoy kaʔaliyaš \xe 'I don’t want to go way around, I am going to cut the wire and I am going straight to the other road and get the road.' \sd tools \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.161.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaputinałnaʔał \ps n \ge animal that moves in the ocean \de animal that moves in the ocean \ee This refers to crabs, lobsters, etc. which can move rapidly in the current. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + aputi- (ϡinstrϡ.current) + naʔal (go.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf ʔanaputiilikʔe \ce animal that is motionless in the current \cf aputinaʔał \ce to have current; ?to go with the current \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.114 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalapʰanitš \ps n \ge resident \ge smn (living) in a house \de resident; smn (living) in a house \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔap (house) + ?-pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + –n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \xv 1. lokaʔiʔalapʰanitš ʔan tsiyipus \xe 'the people living in the same house said to him.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa lokaʔiyʔalapʰanitš \xe 'all those here of the hosue.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔalapʰanitš \xe 'I am in my house here.' \sd people \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.163.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalapʔałpay \cf ʔałʔapʔałpay \ce large cat species \sd variations \dt 09/Jan/2013 \lx ʔalaqiwohotš \ps n \ge snail, land \ge land snail \de land snail \ee Also called ͽʔałmesi ‘traitor; land snail,’ and ͽʔalaxiškumu ‘wanderer; land snail.’ \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + aqi- (ϡinstrϡ.outwards) + iwoho () + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ʔalaxškumu \ce land snail species \cf aqiwohotš \ce to be dizzy \xv 1. loʔkaʔalaqiwohotš ʔan šatinaʔləš \xe 'the landsnail is a land-product.' \xv 2. loʔkaʔalaqiwohotš ʔan ʔatʔap mišup \xe 'the land snail lives in the land.' \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.216.2-217.1 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx ʔalaqkʔapš \ps n \ge heron \de heron \ee Refers to the heron’s habit of snatching things in its bill. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + kʔap (related to pinching) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf aqkʔap \ce to pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.347.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaqmunetš \ps n \ge smn/smth jealous of another/smth \ge jealous of another/smth, smn/smth \de smn/smth jealous of another/smth \ee This word seems to indicate someone eager, but someone eager in an antagonisitc way (i.e., eager to fight, etc.). \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + aqmu (be jealous of) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔaqmu \ce to be jealous of \xv 1. tšitows siyʔiyalaqmunetš \xe 'they bite' ; 'they are zealous.' \xv 2. tsʔaqmunenił \xe 'he is zealous for ?you.' \xv 3. ʔalataqmu \xe 'he is zealous.' \xv 4. tšʔaqmunetš hesixʔanwa \xe 'the woman is being zealous.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.140.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaqtušʰo \ps v \ge leave smth \ge drop smth off \de to leave smth; to drop off smth \mr [] \cf aqtušʰo \ce to let go; to let smth drop, to let smth fall \cf ušʰo \ce to leave; to let; to let go; to release; to allow; to permit \xv 1. kʔalaqtušʰo \xe 'I came and left something.' \xv 2. kʔalaqtikšił \xe 'I delivered smth' ; 'I handed smth over.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.103.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaqtutʔu \ps n \ge ?leech \de ?leech \ee Translated as ‘blood sucker’ in the context of something that would attach itself to the bodies of bathers. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + aqti- (ϡinstrϡ.absorption) + utʔu ()>] \cf aqtutʔu \ce to suck (as is said of blood) \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.13.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaqutšʔum \ps n \ge clam species \de clam species \ee Some Indians ate clams raw. Others took them home and after washing them they put them in a stone olla with a little water. When the clams opened their shells, they were done. The Indians let the sand settle in the soup. The clams were eaten together with acorn mush, islay, etc. \xv 1. ʔalaqutšʔum ʔi ʔałʔił ʔiškom̓ ʔištuʔwaš \xe 'a two-shelled clam.' \xv 2. tšiqipšašì loʔkaʔalaqutsʔùm \xe 'the clam shuts himself.' \xv 3. hukušqoyiʔì saʔalaqutsʔùm \xe 'I am going clamming.' \sd animals \sd shellfish \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.106.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaqwaʔay \cf alaqwaʔay \ce to be ready (to fight, etc); to get along all right (such as happens in a good house with plenty of food); to be well-fixed in a good house; to build/do smth well (or poorly with ͽ-mu); to settle; to get one’s way \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaskə \rd ʔałʔalaskəʔə \ps n \ge knapsack \ge kit bag \de knapsack; kit bag \ee Harrington notes that one cannot say ͽʔiʔalaskə. \sy ʔas \xv 1. hekakʔalaskə huksuwaskə \xe 'I am going to hang out my knapsack.' \sd common \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 89.170.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaštəwəkš \a ʔalaštəwəkʰš \ps n \ge rock with healing properties \ge green \ge smth green \ge green, smth \de green; smth green; type of rock that has healing properties used by older people or herbalists \ee This type of rock that has healing properties used by older people or herbalists. Hudson & Blackburn note that this word means ‘stone dish’ (1983: 273 276). \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + aštəwəkš (be green)>] \cf aštəwəkš \ce to be green \sd religion \sd culture \sd colors \sd descriptions \sd geology \lg JPH \rf 89.171.1-172.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaxəwəł \a ʔalaxuwə̀ł \a ʔalaxuwəł \va (ʔalaxuwəł) \ps n \ge coyote \de coyote \ee May be related to the stem ͽaxʔuwəł ‘to shoot without much effort; to spit without much effort.’ \cf ʔałšəpəšiwaš \ce Coyote; old teacher \xv 1. kuliʔiš saʔalaxuəł \xe 'I caught a coyote.' \xv 2. mukxiliwasənwu lokalaxəwəł kasiməy kinawa kʰqisənwu loʔišupšup \xe 'I could not distinguish coyotes from wolves when I saw them in the hills.' \xv 3. lokaməy ʔan katanixaʔax ʔišišʰin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolf was a little bigger than the coyote.' \xv 4. pakeʔet ʔišištəqšəʔəš lokaʔalaxəwəł kalokaməy, ʔan katanixaʔax lokaməy tštowitš \xe 'the wolf and the coyote are of the same color, but the wolf is bigger and is swifter.' \xv 5. hesiməy (Ϟor lokaməy) šałmušiyaq ʔan tsinaʔał kałʔiyaqutišəʔəʔətš ʔisihin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolves who did not perish went to other lands; they are smarter than the coyotes.' \xv 6. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə saʔalaxəwəł hemitsqanaqan yəlaʔa heʔišup, kasiməy ʔan ʔəhənwaš, latšʔilitš kisiyamtiʔiy šaʔapʰanəšmu, kałʔəhəʔəʔə šałʔisuwuswu šaʔatəšwənəš kilokalamwəłwu ʔan katanimitʔi \xe 'in early times there were lots of coyotes at Ventura in the hills and there were lots of wolves, sometimes they came down to the town, the people poisoned more than they shot.' \xv 7. lokaməy ʔan katanuʔułyi heʔisxanaxan (Ϟor heʔisnuxš) ʔišišʰin lokaʔalaxəwəł, kaypi kištaxtaxšətš heʔisxanaxan \xe 'the wolf has a longer jaw than the coyote, and therefore his jaw is stronger.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.167.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔalaxsayay \ps n \ge quartz (as used in shamanistic rituals) \de quartz (as used in shamanistic rituals) \ee Harrington notes the following with regard to this word: “Informant once passed through a room hunting for a boy and passed through hunting for him and saw an old Ventureño Indian sitting there taking some things out of a buckskin sack. The sack was about 1 foot in diameter and had in it stones wrapped with feathers tied on, things of feathers, həłhəł, etc. They kept such things in buckskin bags. Informant and the old man did not speak to each other. Informant passed quickly through.” \cf axsayay \ce ?to perform a certain type of magic with stones \sd geology \sd religion \lg JPH \rf 89.164.4, 395.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaxsumu \cf alaxsumu \ce to suffer \sd variations \dt 12/Nov/2011 \lx ʔalaxškumu \ps n \ge snail species, land \ge land snail species \de land snail species \ee Literally, ‘wanderer.’ \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + axš- () + kumu (come to (a place or location))>] \cf ʔalaqiwohotš \ce land snail \cf ʔałmesi \ce I. traitor II. land snail \cf axškumu \ce to be lost; to be stray \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.216.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaxšuwa \ps n \ge one bitten (by a rattlesnake) \de one bitten (by a rattlesnake) \ee This word was archaic at the time it was recorded. \sd animals \sd people \sd reptiles \sd descriptions \sd archaisms \lg JPH \rf 89.166.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔalaxtaqimayə \ps n \ge prairie dog \de prairie dog \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + axta- (ϡinstrϡ.quickly) + aqi- (ϡinstrϡ.outwards) + may (extinguish smth; put smth over smth/smn) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf axtaqimayə \ce to set out in the evening \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \xv 1. loʔkaʔalaxtaqimayə̀ kaʔoxwò ʔan tsiwìt kašnehet loʔkatštəʔəniwàš \xe 'the prairie dog barks like a dog.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.858.1-861.1 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx ʔalaxtəməmə \ps n \ge bull-roarer \de bull-roarer \gn zumbador \dn zumbador \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ?aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + təməmə ()>] \sy ʔaxtəməmənəʔəš \sy saxtəməmənəʔəš \sd gaming \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.102.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔalaxulapu \a ʔalaxulapù \ps name \ge ʔalaxulapu \ge Santa Inez, present-day \de present-day Santa Inez \sd places \lg TJPH \rf WeirB15 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔalaxuwəł \cf ʔalaxəwəł \ce coyote \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaxwayi \ps n \ge glutton \de glutton \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + axwayi (be gluttonous)>] \xv 1. ʔalaxwayi \xe 's/he is a glutton.' \xv 2. kałwašətš suʔamnišaqša lokaʔalaxwayi \xe 'it is a good plan to kill the gluttonous woman.' \sd people \sd descriptions \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.167.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaxwi \ps n \ge blanket, bed \ge bed blanket \de bed blanket \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ali- (ϡinstrϡ.night) + axwi (be covered)>] \cf ʔalaxwimu \ce where blankets are kept \cf axwi \ce to be covered \xv 1. ksuxesus lokaʔatʔaxatš lokasʔalaxwi \xe 'I took the blankets off the man.' \xv 2. (hesi)kʔalaxwi \xe 'my bed blanket' (any kind). \xv 3. (hesi)kʔaxiwi \xe 'my chamois.' \xv 4. huksaxwinus hesiqunup \xe 'I am going to put the bed clothes over this child.' \xv 5. hukaxwitšaš \xe 'I am going to dress myself' (said of a naked man going to put on clothes). \sd clothes \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.168.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalaxwimu \ps n \ge where blankets are kept \ge blankets are kept, where \de where blankets are kept \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ala- (ϡinstrϡ.night) + axwi (be covered) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf axwi \ce to be covered \sd clothes \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.168.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaleł \ps v \ge read \de to read \mr [] \xv 1. tsʰəpsəpuswu siqunqunup susiyʔaleł \xe 'the women is teaching the children to read.' \xv 2. tšnaʔał hesikayi lawaliʔiʔin kisyəti kikasilikʔe kisʔaləł isbiblia, ʔəhə ʔislibro yəlaʔa ʔiswantswanaʔał \xe 'he goes to the street but returns soon and sits down to read, he has Bibles and all kinds of books.' \sd Spanish \sd common \sd borrowings \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.174.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaleman \ps n \ge German \de German \mr [] \xv 1. tsiyutałtəwuswu lokaʔaleman \xe 'they are enimies of the Germans.' \xv 2. tswatʔałtəmu lokaʔaleman \xe 'he is enemy of the German.' \xv 3. lokafranses ʔan tšiyitšʔemetšešwu lokaʔaleman \xe 'the French are enemies of the Germans.' \sd people \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 91.511.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalesał \ps v \ge pray \de to pray \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalesał \ce prayer \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \rf Señán 1967 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalewsa \a alewsa \va (alewsa) \ps v \ge play peon \de to play peon \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalalewsa \pde peon player \cf ʔalewšaʔnəʔəš \ce smth related to peon \xv 1. husamʔalewsà \xe 'they are going to play peon.' \xv 2. hukʔalewsa \xe 'I am going to play peon.' \xv 3. ʔatʔaxatš ʔalalewsa \xe 'a great peon player.' \sd gaming \sd culture \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.860; 89.147, 175.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔalewšaʔnəʔəš \ps n \ge smth related to peon \de smth related to peon \ee In ͽnəwəš ͽʔiʔalewsanəʔəš, 'peon song.' \mr [<ʔalewsa (play peon) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔalewsa \ce to play peon \cf ʔalalewsa \ce peon player \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.860; 89.175.3; 93.134.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalexpetš \ps n \ge singer \de singer \ee Singers for Indian dancers were called ͽʔiʔiałʔałnəw, however. Means about the same as ͽʔiʔałʔalexpetš. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + expen (sing to) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf expen \ce to sing (to) \cf expetš \ce to sing (for dancers) \xv 1. hukexpetš \xe 'I am going to sing.' \xv 2. ʔalexpetš \xe 'he is a singer.' \xv 3. hukexpenił \xe 'I am going to sing to you.' \xv 4. hukexpenus \xe 'I am going to sing it.' \xv 5. ʔalexpenus \xe 'he is going to sing to him.' \sd religion \sd culture \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.147.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaləhəy \cf əhəy \ce to be older; to be grown up \cf tanaʔaləhəy \ce bigger one; older one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + əhəy (be older; be grown up)>] \se I \ps n \ge ancestor \de ancestor \xv 1. loʔkakihin ʔaləhəy \xe 'my ancestors.' \se II \ps v \ge grown up, be \ge adult, become \de to be grown up; to become adult \xv 1. kanawa siyʔaləhəy ʔan kasiyapiqe \xe 'when the birds are adult they start to fly.' \xv 2. kanawa siyʔaləhəy \xe 'when they grow up.' \xv 3. kaypi kimuhusiyʔaləhəy \xe 'so that they will not grow up.' \xv 4. lokakatu ʔan tšuliʔiš səʔəqəy ʔan tsʰupex kikanawa sʰukitwonwu lokaštałtałhəʔəw kikanawa siyʔaləhəy kikasiyiwon, ʔan tsiyʔip kikirimiyaaw \xe 'the cat got a chicken and made her pregnant and when she gave birth to her young ones and they grew up and sang they sang kikirimiyaw.' \xv 5. lokatanałʔaləhəʔəy ʔan latšə ʔisisuxuxanusuwu lokatanimitmitʔi \xe 'the bigger boys are always bullying the smaller boys.' \sd lifecycle \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.176.3-177.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałhaputš \ps n \ge cattle \ge livestock \ge meat (beef) \de head (of cattle); livestock; meat (beef) \ee Note that this noun must be possessed with a ͽhin construction. If ͽhin is unreduplicated, it indicates that the person is talking about his meat. If reduplicated, it indicates that the person is talking about his cattle. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + hap (horn; pair of horns) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf hap \ce horn; pair of horns \xv 1. hesikʰinʔałhaputš \xe 'my meat (beef).' \xv 2. hesikʰinhinʔałhaputʔutš \xe 'my cattle.' \xv 3. yontsʰe ʔan tsʔił ʔislantšu ʔan əhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kasikawkawayu satikʔoy kasʔił ʔislantšu, ʔəhə sikuhkuʔu saʔalililikʔenwaš salitiwtiwəšwaš yontsʰe \xe 'Yontsʰe (Luis Francisco) had a ranch and lots of livestock at Saticoy and lots of Indians lived there with him.' \xv 4. huksinay sikʰinʔałhaputš hukušiqom \xe 'I am going to put my meat there.' \xv 5. lokaʔiʔałʔułʔułyi ʔisʰap \xe 'long-horned cattle.' \xv 6. kikakasewsewus saʔališpiwetš šaʔałhaputš, ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'and I asked a butcher, and he said to me.' \xv 7. ʔəhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kaʔiskawkawayuʔu kimusʔił hałʔaluqtiyəw \xe 'he had a lot of cattle and horses and lacked nothing.' \xv 8. tšʔapš ʔiʔałhaputš \xe 'broth.' \xv 9. kispuwe šaʔałhaputš ʔan mukiqmay \xe 'I bought some meat and didn't cover it up.' \xv 10. ʔałhapùtš ʔi ʔałtšunʔùnqʰš \xe 'Spanish cattle' (this means ‘cattle who stink a little in the morning’). \sd animals \sd food \sd mammals \sd husbandry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.178.2-182.4, 289.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałhašəʔəš \a alašəʔəš \va (alašəʔəš) \ps n \ge language \ge words \de language; word \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ałhaš (talk; speak; gossip) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \xv 1. pakeʔet šaʔałhašəʔəš ʔan tsʰukitwonwu sitsʔohʔtsʔohoʔoy ͼ[sic.] šaʔałhašəʔəš \xe 'one word gets out other words.' \xv 2. kikasisaxiyepus heʔišyəwəš tsisʰunuwus šitaštaʔaš kaštə hamisar kašiyʔałhašəʔəš siyʔiyʔałnuna San Fernando \xe 'and they cured her with an herb called hamisar in the San Fernando language.' \xv 3. tspeʔey heʔišup loʔkakiʔałhašəʔə̀š pakeʔet supnehet ʔan mupaxunimaš \xe 'our language is a flower, a thing you are going to do, that you do not deceive.' \xv 4. nipitaq hešikʔałhašəʔəš \xe 'you do not understand my words' (what I talk). \sd language \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.186.1-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałhayaya \ps n \ge seasponge \de seasponge \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + hayaya (bloat; swell)>] \cf hayaya \ce to be bloated; to have a bloated stomach; to be swollen; to be risen \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd invertibrates \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.239.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałhelekʔetš \ps n \ge woman who captures boys \de woman who captures boys \ee This word referred to a woman or devil who carries a ͽhelek on her back. She grabbed boys and put them in her ͽhelek, and she was said to get boys who were out at night. She had many breasts that she used to suckle the children she caught. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + helekʔ (pack-basket) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf helek \ce conical packbasket \xv 1. ʔašulišił hałʔałʔelekʔetš \xe 'lest the ͽʔałhelekʔetš get you.' \sd culture \sd people \sd mythology \lg JPH \rf 89.187.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałhintskonin \ps n \ge smn who has a tapeworm \de smn who has a tapeworm \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + hin (have) + ts- (3.ϡpossϡ) + konin (worm)>] \cf hin \ce to have \cf tskonin \ce worm; angleworm \sd people \sd descriptions \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.190.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ʔalikukuy̓ \ps n \ge pillow \de pillow \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ali- (ϡinstrϡ.night) + (i)kukuy̓ ()>] \xv 1. tsʔalikukuy̓ \xe 'his pillow.' \xv 2. musʔił kʔalikukuy̓ \xe 'I haven't a pillow.' \sd common \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.196.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalina \ps n \ge flour \de flour \mr [] \xv 1. ʔan hukšuniwəš šiletši, kiqip šiquyiwaš saʔalina, kikaksuqpuypi lokaletši, kšuniwəš šiletši, no ʔan kuniwəš lokamantekiya kalokaletši \xe 'I mixed milk (into the flour), I filled a dish with flour and poured some milk on or added some milk, I mixed butter and milk into the flour.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd plants \sd agriculture \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.200.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalinetpi \rd ʔalalinetpi \ps n \ge form \ge figure \de form; figure \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + i- (ϡtr.iϡ) + nehet (be as; be so) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ)>] \cf nehet \ce to be as; to be so \xv 1. tsisukumeʔeł yəlaʔa loʔkasʰununa sułʔalinetpi ʔisʔamamə sitomoł \xe 'they arrange so that it will form the beginning of the form of the body of a tomoł.' \xv 2. tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus \xe 'and they open or split the redwood [boards] according to their desire.' \xv 3. loʔkakanaʔaʔay kałwakʔay ʔan tsikunət loʔkałʔalalinetpi kašʔaxipeneš loʔkaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš katomoł \xe 'the first board adds to the figure of the cut of the keel of the tomoł.' \xv 4. yəlaʔa loʔkaʔalinetpi katomoł ʔan kayułʔamʔixweteqpeyus \xe 'all the form of a tomoł they imitate (follow) it.' \sd tomol \sd boating \sd shape \lg TJPH \rf Tomol40, 96, 102, 106 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaliqštahay \a ʔaliqstahay \va (ʔaliqstahay) \ps n \ge red, smth \de smth red \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + uqštahay (be red)>] \cf uqštahay \ce to be red \xv 1. tšiwaqšik šaʔaliqstahay ka saʔałʔowow ka šaʔałtšošoy \xe 'they are painted red and white and black.' \xv 2. pakeʔet sitsiyełʔiku saʔaluqštahay \xe 'one red bead.' \sd colors \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.272.4-273.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalispe \ps n \ge have dried semen \ge semen, have dried \de to have dried semen \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + (ʔ)ispe (semen)>] \cf ʔispe \ce semen \xv 1. no ʔan kʔalispe \xe 'I have dried semen.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.517.1; 82.809.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔališawi \ps n \ge June (time of heat) \ge summer \de June (time of heat); summer \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + išaw (be warm; be tolerably hot) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.40.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔalištaxan \cf ʔalištaxan̓ \ce to take care; to cheer up; to have spirit; to have courage \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalištaxan̓ \ph ʔaliʃtaˈxan̰ \a ʔalištaxán̓ \a ʔalištaxan \a alištaxan \va (ʔalištaxan) \ps v \ge take care \ge cheer up \ge have spirit \ge courage \de to take care; to cheer up; to have spirit; to have courage \ee Often used as an exclamation of encouragement. \mr [<ʔalištaxan (encourage) + -ʔ (ϡimpvϡ)>] \cf šaʔalištaxan \ce to encourage; to console \xv 1. ʔalištaxan̓ uštowitš \xe 'hurry up!' \xv 2. tsʔipus, “kʰkokó! ʔalištaxan̓, kihukʰsunapayił” \xe ' his [son] answered, “father! take care, I will take you from here." ' \xv 3. ʔiyalištaxan ! hukinali \xe 'have spirit! we are going [home].' \xv 4. šaʔalištaxan lokaʔałnuxitʔisi \xe 'comfort the sad.' \sd exclamations \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.210.4-211.1; Coyo44-45 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalitaqkʰuy \a ʔalitaxkuy \ps v \ge important, be \ge famous, be \de to be important; to be famous \gn mentado, estar \dn estar mentado \ee Note the verbal use of this nominalized form. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + itaq- (ϡinstrϡ.hearing) + kʰuy ()>] \cf itaq \ce to understand (by hearing); by hearing \xv 1. ʔalitaxkuy \xe 'he is famous' (like a governor). \xv 2. no ʔan kʔalitaqkuy \xe 'I am a well-known [man].' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.211.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalitaxkuy \cf ʔalitaqkʰuy \ce to be important; to be famous \sd variations \dt 18/Oct/2011 \lx ʔalitkax \a alitkáx \ps v \ge delay \de to delay \xv 1. kʔalitkax \xe 'I delay a moment.' \xv 2. kin xelèx kaseqwèł, mupalitkáx \xe 'but Falcon caused it, do not lose time.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.974.2; Daughter133 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalitpe \ps v \ge alive, be \de to be alive \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + itpe (be alive)>] \xv 1. kʔalitpe \xe 'I am alive' (not dead). \sd common \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd stative \sd lifecycle \lg JPH \rf 89.216.4-217.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔalitʔaw̓ \sc ?Paralabrax clathratus \ps n \ge kelp bass \ge bass, kelp \de kelp bass \ee This was a reddish fish. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + itʔaw (be dazzled) + -ʔ (?ϡnzϡ)>] \cf itʔaw \ce to be dazzled \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.217.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaliwałqlay \ph ˀɑlɪwɑɬqʰlɑj \ps n \ge salamander larva \ge newt \de salamander larva; newt \gn ajolote \dn ajolote \ee This word literally translates as, 'he who is smooth or slippery.' \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + iwa- (ϡinstrϡ.sudden) + al- (ϡstatϡ) + qlay (related to smoothness)>] \cf iwałqlay \ce to be smooth \xv 1. tšamuštəł loʔkaʔaliwałqʰlay heʔismaʔam sipon̓ šaʔałtopšoʔkì \xe 'they find the newt in middle of another log.' \xv 2. loʔkaʔaliwałqʰlay ʔan tsenhes hemaʔam soʔò kasilahemišupʰ \xe 'the newt breaths under the water and also on earth.' \sd animals \sd amphibians \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.246.1-248.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaliwašyət \ps v \ge stare at \ge look at something straight on without turning one's head to the right or left \de to stare at; to look at something straight on without turning one's head to the right or left \ee This verb cannot take an object. \xv 1. no ʔan kʔaliwašyət \xe 'I look at a thing without turning my head to right or left.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.220.4-221.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaliwə \rd ʔałʔaliwəʔə \ps n \ge relative \de relative \ee This form is also translated as 'brother' and or 'sister' \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + iwə (related to relationships)>] \xv 1. lokapʔałʔaliwəʔə \xe 'your brothers.' \xv 2. hukiyaqšəš lokakiyʔaliwə \xe 'we are going to call our brother.' \xv 3. ʔipit, ʔaliwə, ʔipštewe lyos \xe 'tell me brother, how many God's are there?' \xv 4. lasułku ʔan kʔatəšwətš lokaʔaliwə neʔešaqšanutš \xe 'last night I dreamt of my dead relative.' \xv 5. haku kʔaliwə \xe 'what's up?' (lit., 'how are you, relative?'). \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.212.1-213.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaliwən \ps vt \ge brother or sister (?relative) to smn, be a \ge sister or brother (?relative) to smn, be a \de to be a brother or sister (?relative) to smn \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + iwə (related to relationships) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ)>] \xv 1. no ʔan kʔaliwənił \xe 'I am your brother or sister.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔaliwəniyuw \xe 'I am the brother or sister of you.' \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd kinship \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.222.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaliyaš \a ʔaliyaš \a aliyaš \va (aliyaš) \ps n \ge road \de road \cf maliyaš \ce road; road surface \xv 1. lo ʔan tsʔił saʔaliyaš saʔałkəyəmi, kałkaneʔeʔe \xe 'here is a path that is straight, it is shorter' (lit., 'nearer')' (said of a short cut). \xv 2. huksinayus ʔisʔaqitsuʔum lokaʔatʔaxatš, kihusqisə hešaʔaliyaš \xe 'I am going to put a sign so that the man will know the road.' \sd common \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.189, 192.4-193.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkaʔaš \ps n \ge pool \ge lagoon \ge pond \de pool; lagoon; pond \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + kaʔaš (be pooled up (said of water))>] \cf kaʔaš \ce to be a pool; to be pooled up \sd geology \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.8.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkaw̓atš \a ʔałkaw̓àtš \ps n \ge wise one \de wise one \ee If a boy is born and in growing up shows signs of being a wise man, he was called ͽkaw̓atš (short for ͽʔałkaw̓atš). It is unclear if this word is related to ͽkaw̓ ‘left (direction); to be left (direction).’ \xv 1. kasyət loʔkawotʔ ʔałkaw̓atš, kikatsʰiqiliʔìkʰ (Ϟor kikatsqisqisə), hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan ʔałkilamu tsʔip ʔałkaw̓àtš \xe 'and the chief, a wise one, came, and he looked at him profoundly, and the wise one [the chief] said that the man was crazy.' \sd people \sd cognition \lg JPH \rf 69.1102.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkay̓ay̓i \a ʔałkay̓ay̓ì \a ʔałkayay̓i \va (ʔałkayay̓i) \ps n \ge hypnotized one \ge one who is under the influence of toloache \de hypnotized one; one who is under the influence of toloache \ee One who takes toloache sleeps eight days and has visions. Any prediction he makes while under the influence of toloache comes true. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + kay̓ay̓i (take toloache)>] \cf kay̓ay̓i \ce to take toloache \xv 1. kikʰsuweyepùs loʔkaštetè winay kihukʰtiyiwə̀š loʔkaʔałkay̓ay̓i \xe 'I asked permission of Winay’s mother that I be with the intoxicated one [Winay].' \sd people \sd religion \sd plants \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.297; Coyo88 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałkeʔep \ps n \ge bather \de bather \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + keʔep (be clean; bathe oneself; clean oneself)>] \cf keʔep \ce to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \xv 1. lokaʔiʔałkeʔep \xe 'the bathers.' \sd people \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.215.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkənəʔət \ps n \ge runner (in a type of game) \de runner (in a type of game) \ee This term was used in ͽʔałsutinəʔəp, which was a game played with three holes, eight discs/rings, and runners. It was also called ͽmasəxsitokoi, which really refers to the three holes. This term was also used for the one who changes the rings. The runner was called ͽʔałkənəʔət, 'he who goes and gives a turn.' The rings of the game were called called ͽtəkwəs. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + kənəʔət (go around; put around)>] \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \sd culture \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.862 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałkoninitš \a ʔałtškoninitš \va (ʔałtškoninitš) \ps n \ge smth wormy \ge wormy, smth \de smth wormy \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + konin (worm) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf koninitš \ce to be wormy (said of rotten meat not of wood) \xv 1. pon̓ ʔiʔałkoninitš \xe 'wormy wood.' \xv 2. pon̓ ʔiʔałtškoninitš \xe 'wormy plank (of wood).' \sd animals \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.225.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkuluł \a ʔalkulùł \a ʔałkulùł \va (ʔalkuluł) \ps n \ge west \ge up coast \de west; up coast \ee This is used in the sense of being up coast toward Santa Barbara, Santa Inez, and San Luis Obispo, which are both west and north of most settlements in Ventureño territory. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼalkuyulul ‘west’ (Whistler 1980: 87) \xv 1. ʔałkuluł ʔan tsʔił sikowotš \xe 'up coast there are salmon.' \sd places \sd locations \lg JPH \rf 89.216.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałkuyam \ps n \ge one on horseback \ge horseback, one on \de one on horseback \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ku- (ϡinstrϡ.setting) + yam (go down; descend)>] \cf kuyam \ce to ride horseback; to be seated on top of smth \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. ʔamʔałkuyam \xe 'many are on horseback.' \xv 2. ʔiʔałkuyam \xe 'they are on horseback' (similar meaning to above). \sd people \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.20.1 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkuye \ps v \ge carry smth tucked under one’s belt \de to carry smth tucked under one’s belt \xv 1. kʔałkuye \xe 'I tuck him under my belt' (as hunter tucks cottontail under belt to carry it along; used to come home with belt hanging with these). \xv 2. tsʔałkuye sitimew (hesikʰqolokʔi) \xe 'he carries ground squirrels by neck (stuck under his belt).' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd animals \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.216.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałkʔoyho \ps n \ge lame person \de lame person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + kʔoyho ()>] \sd people \sd body \sd health \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.217.4 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx ʔałmaxnałtšəši \ps n \ge reptile (snake) \de reptile (snake) \ee Literally, 'that which drags itself on the ground'. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + maq-2 (ϡinstrϡ.string/rope) + naʔal (go) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -šVš (ϡreflϡ) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \cf maxnaʔał \ce to drag (oneself) along (as is said of the movement of a snake or worm); to be stretched out \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.189.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałmesi \ee Literally, 'it changes (from one place to another'. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + mes (traverse; travel across) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \se I \ps n \ge traitor \de traitor \se II \ps n \ge land snail \de land snail \cf ʔalaqiwohotš \ce land snail \cf ʔalaxškumu \ce land snail species \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf mesi \ce to change from one place to another; to be traitor to \sd people \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.231.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałmoho \cf ʔałmowho \ce candy; sweets; honey \sd variations \dt 18/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałmowho \a ʔałmoho \va (ʔałmoho) \ps n \ge candy \ge sweets \ge honey \de candy; sweets; honey \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + mowh (smth sweet) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf mowh \ce smth sweet; candy made from molasses \cf mowho \ce to be sweet \xv 1. hukaqsumu hesaʔałmowho \xe 'I am going to taste this candy.' \xv 2. tsiyeqweł saʔałmowho \xe 'they make honey.' \xv 3. axakšit tsipin ʔałmóho \xe 'give me candy!' \xv 4. ʔałtsuyuw ʔi ʔałmoho \xe 'I like the candy too much.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.232.2-233.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałmušpiwetš \ps n \ge smth sleazy/cheap \de smth sleazy/cheap \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + mu- (ϡnegϡ) + ts- (3.ϡpossϡ) + piʔiw (cost) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf piʔiw \ce to cost \cf piwetš \ce to be costly \xv 1. lokoʔhoteł kałmušpiwetš ʔan kałəhə šipštə \xe 'a cheap hotel has a lot of lice.' \sd common \sd animals \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.233.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ʔałniwonla \ps n \ge lazy person \ge sluggard \ge goldbrick \de lazy person; sluggard; goldbrick \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + niwonla (be lazy)>] \cf niwonla \ce to be lazy \xv 1. lokašʰatiwə ʔan ʔałniwonla kinupan ʔalaxwayi \xe 'His wife was both a lazy person and a glutton.' \sd people \sd emotions \rf 90.59.2; Glutton17-18 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałnuna \ps v \ge born in, be \ge coming from, be \de to be born in; to be coming from \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + nuna (come from)>] \cf nuna \ce to come from \xv 1. pi ʔan muʔitikapʔałnuna \xe 'you are not a native of here.' \xv 2. muʔiti kayʔiʔałnuna \xe 'they are not from here.' \xv 3. kikasisaxiyepus heʔišyəwəš tsisʰunuwus šitaštaʔaš kaštə hamisar kašiyʔałhašəʔəš siyʔiyʔałnuna San Fernando \xe 'and they cured her with an herb called hamisar in the San Fernando language.' \xv 4. tsʔip lokaqunup hesikum siʔałnunapala yitipakeʔes tskaʔaškom \xe 'the boy says that 500 Pala Indians are coming.' \xv 5. mukayiti kaʔałnuna \xe 'it is not a native of here.' \xv 6. nełʔałnuna hešaʔatxatš \xe 'where is this man from?' \xv 7. ʔan tsʔił (t)sihaw kaloʔisqiłmes ʔan tsʔił sihaw ʔan mukašnehet hesiʔiʔałnuna ʔiti \xe 'there is one kind of fox here and another smaller kind on the islands.' \xv 8. ʔi ʔałnuna ʔalałpay \xe 'up-coast people.' \xv 9. ʔałnuna suʔutʔam \xe 'it lives in the river.' \xv 10. nełpʔałnuna \xe 'where are you from?' \xv 11. lamunaməʔək lokawot kaʔałnuna kukamoŋa ʔan tšaqtšum lokašʰaʔay̓ \xe 'after a while the Captain of Cucamonga took a fancy to the daughter.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.234.4; 90.228..4-231.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaloqtopohoʔkitš \ps n \ge turkey \de turkey \ee Literally, 'that which swells and subsides'. \cf oqtopohokʔitš \ce to show off (before others); to swell and subside \xv 1. tsoxspololò lokaʔaloqʰtopohokʔitš \xe 'the turkey gobbles.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.457.1-458.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalos \ps n \ge rice \de rice \mr [] \xv 1. huksapitsʔə lokaʔalos \xe 'I am going to heat up the rice.' \xv 2. no ʔan kxułtsʔəyə hesaʔalos \xe 'I have taken a dislike to this rice.' \sd food \sd plants \sd agriculture \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.236.4-237.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaloxmoł \ps v \ge heat onself in a sweathouse \ge sweathouse, heat onself in a \de to heat oneself in a sweathouse \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + oxmol (become warm)>] \cf oxmoʔoł \ce to go to the sweathouse \cf oxmoł \ce to become warm \xv 1. kʔaloxmoł \xe 'I warm myself inside the sweathouse.' \xv 2. ʔiyʔaloxmoł \xe 'they are heating themselves in the sweathouse.' \sd culture \sd senses \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.285.2, 286.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaloxmoy \ps n \ge miser \ge stingy person \de miser; stingy person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + oxmoy (be stingy)>] \cf oxmoy \ce to be stingy \xv 1. no ʔan kʔaloxmoy \xe 'I eat a thing all myself' (do not invite any one to share my food). \xv 2. axakšit ʔapʔuxštu, ʔaloxmoy \xe 'give me some of your food lest you become deaf' (common belief). \sd people \sd food \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.236.2; 90.285.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpelonušaš \ps n \ge shearer \de shearer \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + pelo (hair) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -uš (ϡaplϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf pelonušaʔaš \ce to shear; to be in the shearer \xv 1. musʔiliniʔiy hałtsʔohoy hałʔałpelonušaš \xe 'there is no shearer better than he' (he is the best there is). \sd people \sd animals \sd husbandry \sd agriculture \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.240.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpəlitš \ps n \ge sticky, smth \ge smth sticky \de smth sticky \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + pəl (pitch; sap; resin) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \xv 1. kałwašətš sukiyispuwe sipapeł saʔałpəlitš, kihusiteqpey sipawapaw \xe 'it will be well if we buy some fly paper and catch the flies.' \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.240.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpintšʔe \ps n \ge ʔAłpintšʔe (present-day Santa Barbara) \ge Santa Barbara, present-day (ʔAłpintšʔe) \de ʔAłpintšʔe; present-day Santa Barbara \xv 1. mitšumaš ʔan tsaqutiqumelus ʔałpíntšʔè \xe 'Santa Cruz is opposite Santa Barbara.' \sd places \sd names \lg JPH \rf 81.15.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpołkwowo \ps n \ge knob \de knob \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + pol- (ϡinstrϡ.revolving) + kwowo (related to roundness)>] \cf połkwowo \ce to be round; to be spheroid \xv 1. tsiyeqwełwu siʔiyʔałpołkwowo ʔisewuʔan tšiyušitpeš šaʔatəšwənəš \xe 'they make wax out of tallow with poision.' \xv 2. tsʔił ʔisʰinałpołkwowo heʔalałpołkwowo heʔalałpay \xe 'it has a knob on top.' \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.241.3-242.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpʰilelis \ps n \ge pin \de pin \mr [] \sd tools \sd clothes \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.244.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpʰołxa \ps n \ge saddlebag \de saddlebag \mr [] \xv 1. tsamsutiyək lokasʔałpʰołxa kikasmaxsuteqpey lokaʔatʔaxatš kikaswatwatisapiyam ʔišewutš saʔałhaputš \xe 'they put the poisoned meat in the saddle bag and a man went behind and kept dropping pieces.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd tools \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.244.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałpʔow \ps n \ge stoop-shouldered person \de stoop-shouldered person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + pʔow (be bent; be stoop shouldered)>] \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. kika ʔan kiʔałpʔow \xe 'we are stoopshouldered.' \xv 2. tspʔow hesipon̓ \xe 'this stick/pole is bent.' \sd people \sd descriptions \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.241.3-242.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałqapatš \rd ʔałʔałqapaʔatš \ps n \ge bird \de bird \ee This term refers to larger birds, such as crows, ducks, and hawks. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + qap (feather; leaf) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \xv 1. ʔałqapatšʰ \xe 'birds (all things feathered).' \xv 2. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔuwmu \xe 'edible bird.' \xv 3. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalutʔaw \xe 'bird of prey.' \xv 4. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalaqiwəwə \xe 'swimming birds.' \xv 5. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔałyuqʰspək \xe 'long-legged bird.' \xv 6. ʔalqapatš ʔi ʔałʔalalinəw \xe 'a night singing bird.' \xv 7. ʔałqapàtšʰ ʔi ʔanaqʰtsʰkutanpinpin \xe 'any kind of small beach bird.' \xv 8. kaxaʔaʔax ʔisihin lokaʔałʔałqapaʔatš \xe 'it is the biggest bird of all.' \xv 9. loʔkaʔałqapatš ʔan tsʔuw ʔi šaqʰšanùtš \xe 'this bird eats dead things.' \xv 10. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalatʔamli \xe 'a wading bird.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.294.2+; 89.228.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałqaputš \rd ʔałʔałqapuʔutš \ps n \ge mortar \de mortar \gn mortero \dn mortero \sy peyeš \sd food \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH \rf 89.228.4; 90.346.3-4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔałqišənwaš \ps n \ge witness \de witness \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + qisə (see) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -waš (ϡpstϡ)>] \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \xv 1. musʔił ʔałqišənwaš \xe 'there are no witnesses.' \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.229.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałsapəhəʔən \ps n \ge one who makes bursts of light \ge glowworm \de one who makes bursts of light; glowworm \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + api-1 (ϡinstrϡ.heat/fire) + əhəʔən (be too much)>] \cf apəhəʔən \ce to burn; to be on fire \cf əhəʔən \ce to be too much \sd animals \sd insects \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.31.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałsunaxyət \ps n \ge morning \ge dawn \de morning; dawn \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + nax- (ϡinstrϡ.time) + yət (come; arrive at)>] \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. ʔaqiwo ʔi ʔałsunaxyət \xe 'morning star.' \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.637.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałsutinəʔəp \a ʔałsutinəʔəpʰ \ps n \ge game (type) \de game (type) \ee This game was played with three holes, eight discs/rings, and runners. It was also called ͽmasəx ͽsitokoy, which really refers to the three holes. The row of three holes goes from south to north. The runner makes the round. The changer of the rings cannot go at more than a trot. The A rings of the game were called ͽtəkwəs. The runner was called ͽʔałkənəʔət. \sd gaming \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.862.2-863.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałsutuhuy \ps n \ge small bird species \ge bird species, small \de small bird species \ee Harrington gives no indication as to what kind of species this refers to. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + tuhuy (rain)>] \cf sutuhuy \ce to cause rain; to make rain \cf tuhuy1 \ce I. rain II. to rain \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 89.248.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałšəhə \ps n \ge bighorn sheep \ge sheep, bighorn \de bighorn sheep \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + šəh (bank (as of sand or dirt); cliff) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf šə \ce bank (as of sand or dirt); cliff; precipice \sd mammals \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.830.1-835.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałšəpəš \cf ʔałtšəpəš \ce teacher \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałšəpəšiwaš \a ʔałšəpəšwaš \a ʔałšəpsšiwaš \a ʔałšəpəšiwàš \a šəpəšiwaš \va (ʔałšəpəš, šəpəšiwaš) \ps n \ge Coyote \ge old teacher \de Coyote; old teacher \ee Literally this means, 'old teacher.' \cf ʔalaxəwəł \ce coyote \cf ʔałtšəpəš \ce teacher \cf səp \ce to teach \cf šəpəš \ce student; one taught \sd people \sd mythology \sd animals \lg TJPH \rf Daughter10 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałšutayitš \cf ʔałtšutayitš \ce respectable person \sd variations \dt 15/Mar/2011 \lx ʔalt- \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałt- \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałtaqaš \ps n \ge ?shell money \de ?shell money \ee Harrington translates this as ‘abalorio.’ It seems to refer to shell money, however. \xv 1. ʔəhə siʔałtaqaš \xe '(there are) many abalorios.' \sd tools \sd culture \sd economics \lg JPH \rf 69.30, 89.249.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtəhətš \ps v \ge called smth, be \de to be called smth \ee Harrington notes that there are no actual words ͽʔałtəhətš or ͽtštəhətš, because they are surpressed by the verb ͽtə. However, as can be seen in the example, this word is attested. It is possible that the use of the word is a neologism. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + təh (name; be called; be called by name) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf tə \ce I. name II. to be called; to be called by name; to name \xv 1. lošaʔatʔaxatš saʔałtəhətš xwan. \xe 'The man named John.' \xv 2. ʔiti ʔan mušpelonušaš kəwə mitʔi šipułhewu; kilatšə ʔišupšuʔup kišnaʔał muntana, məʔək lošaʔałtəhətš muntana; kanawa skitwo ʔiti ʔan laswatwatipelonušaš kilakałkumli (Ϟor kinelaskumli) montana, kanawa husimokʔotʔiy ʔan sesanta pesus ʔipiʔiw. \xe 'Here he does not shear because there are few sheep; he is always going to Montana, it is far that place called Montana; when he starts out here he shears his way there little by little and reaches Montana and when he returns it costs him $60.00.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.251.3; 90.361.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałtipatəšwə \cf ʔałtipʔatəšwə \ce smn who uses herbs/medicine to kill; sorcerer \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipatskaw \ps n \ge sinner \de sinner \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip- (ϡinstrϡ.excessive) + atskaw (meet with an accident)>] \cf atskaw \ce to meet with an accident; to meet with an incident (good or bad) \xv 1. tsʰunapayiyuw kikə sikiyʔałtipatskaw \xe 'to save us from sinners.' \sd people \sd religion \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.252.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipnuxš \ps n \ge big-nosed person \de big-nosed person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip- (ϡinstrϡ.excessive) + nuxš (nose)>] \cf nuxš \ce nose \sd people \sd descriptions \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.253.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipo \ps n \ge smth salty \ge salty, smth \de smth salty \gn cosa salada \gn salada, cosa \dn cosa salada \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip (salt) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf tip \ce salt \cf tipo \ce to be salty \sd food \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.253.4, 298.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipqəp \ps n \ge big-bellied one \de big-bellied one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip- (excessive) + qəp (belly)>] \cf qəp1 \ce surface of the belly; womb \cf tipqəp \ce to be big-bellied \sd body \sd descriptions \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.253.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipʔaqləw \ps n \ge large-necked one \de large-necked one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip (ϡinstrϡ.excessive) + ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqləw (swallow; ingest)>] \cf ʔaqləw \ce throat/neck \cf aqləw \ce to swallow; to ingest \xv 1. tsyət lokaʔałtipʔaqləw \xe 'here comes the large-necked one.' \sd descriptions \sd body \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.254.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipʔatəšwə \a ʔałtipatəšwə \va (ʔałtipatəšwə) \ps n \ge sorcerer \ge smn who uses herbs/medicine to kill \de smn who uses herbs/medicine to kill; sorcerer \gn brujo \dn brujo \ee This word is given with and without ejectivity on the bilabial plosive. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip- (ϡinstrϡ.excessive) + ʔatəšwə (herb; charm; hope; dream; talisman)>] \cf ʔałʔatəšwənitš \ce one who uses herbs to heal/do good \cf ʔatəšwə \ce herb; dream; hope; charm; talisman \xv 1. lokašʰatiwə ʔan wašətš ʔixʔanwa, ʔałʔowo, ʔan ʔałtipʔatəšwə \xe 'his wife was a good looking woman, light complexioned, but had lots of herbs (yerbas).' \sd religion \sd culture \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.172.4, 254.2-3; 94.366.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipʔišuš \ps n \ge smn with much pubic hair \ge pubic hair, smn with much \de smn with much pubic hair \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip (ϡinstrϡ.excessive) + ʔišuš (pubic hair)>] \cf ʔišuš \ce pubic hair \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \xv 1. hesikʔišuš \xe 'the hair of my genital parts.' \sd body \sd descriptions \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.254.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtipʔoqwo \ps n \ge one with much hair (on the head) \ge hair (on the head), one who with \de one with much hair (on the head) \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tip- (excessive) + ʔoqwo (hair of head)>] \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \cf tipʔoqwo \ce to have much hair \sd body \sd descriptions \sd people \lg JPH \rf 89.255.1-2; 94.365.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtonowš \ps n \ge hairless (from some illness), smn/smth \ge smn/smth hairless (from some illness) \de smn/smth hairless (from some illness) \ee This is said of animals, not of people. It refers to an illness that causes loss of hair and scratching. Possibly refers to mange. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tonow () + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \xv 1. ʔałtonowš \xe 'his hair has fallen out' (said of a dog). \xv 2. neʔeštonowš hesikʰqo \xe 'my dog is lossing his hair.' \xv 3. kʰqisə ʔištəʔəniwaš šaʔałtonowš \xe 'I saw a dog with his hair all fallen out.' \xv 4. neʔekʰqišənwaš sihaʔw saʔałtonowš kisitsʔotsʰohoʔoy ʔan tšišušʔutš \xe 'I have seen some foxes with their hair out and others with lots of hair.' \xv 5. haw̓ ʔi ʔałtonowš \xe 'a mangy fox.' \sd descriptions \sd animals \sd body \sd descriptions \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.255.4, 256.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtʔutʔu \ps n \ge one-eyed person \de one-eyed person \gn tuerto, un \dn un tuerto \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tʔutʔu (be one-eyed)>] \cf tʔutʔu \ce to be one-eyed \xv 1. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałtʔutʔu \xe 'one-eyed man.' \sd body \sd people \sd descriptions \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.256.3-257.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtsapiyət \ps n \ge dirge singer \ge singer, dirge \de dirge singer \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + api-2 (ϡincepϡ) + yət (come; arrive at)>] \cf apiyət \ce to perform (sing) incantations at night \cf sapiyət \ce to begin to sing \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. ʔiʔałtsapiyət \xe 'dirge singers.' \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.257.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtsələnəʔəp \ps v \ge like to chase after women \ge chase after women, like to \de to like to chase after women \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + sələ- () + nəʔəp (continue; go on)>] \cf sələnəʔəp \ce to do much of something \xv 1. ʔałtsələnəʔəp \xe 'he likes women much, does not like to do anything but just chase around after women.' \sd emotions \sd people \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.257.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtsinaxkuhu \ps n \ge ghost \de ghost \ee Harrington notes that this translates literally as, ‘that which scares’. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + si- () + nax- (ϡinstrϡ.time) + kuh (person; human) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \cf sinaxkuhun \ce to make others die from dreams of (the) dead \sd religion \sd mythology \rf 69.230.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałtsukweypiwu \ps n \ge poisoner (as of squirrels) \de poisoner (as of squirrels) \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + kwey (empty by pouring) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + -wu (ϡ3nsg.objϡ)>] \cf kwey \ce to empty by pouring of one’s own accord; to be emptied \cf sukwey \ce to pour from one dish into another; to poison \xv 1. lokaʔałtsukweypiwu kapistuk \xe 'poisoner of squirrels.' \xv 2. huksukweypiwu \xe 'I am going to poison him.' \sd people \sd animals \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.259.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ʔałtsuyitsʔa \ps n \ge imp \ge mischievious one \de imp; mischievious one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + suya- (ϡdesϡ) + itsʔaw (play)>] \cf itsʔaw \ce to play with \cf suyitsʔa \ce to want to play \sd people \sd descriptions \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.259.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtsʔətsʔə \ps n \ge smth sharp \ge sharp, smth \ge smth with a long point \ge point, smth with a long \de smth with a long point; smth sharp \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + tsʔətsʔə (be sharp)>] \cf tsʔə \ce to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \cf tsʔətsʔə \ce to be sharp \cf yuqtsʔətsʔə \ce to run to a fine point \xv 1. ʔułyi ʔisʔałtsʔətsʔə \xe 'it has a long point.' \xv 2. hesəʔəw ʔan ʔiškom̓ ʔisʔałtsʔətsʔə \xe 'this knife is double-edged.' \sd hunting \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.259.3-4 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx ʔałtšahatš \ps n \ge flint pointed arrow \de flint-pointed arrow \ee This word cannot be applied to a bayonet. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + sah (tooth/teeth) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf sa \ce tooth/teeth \cf šahatš \ce to have good teeth \sd hunting \sd archery \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.260.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšapʰanəšmu \ps n \ge world \de world \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ts- (3.ϡpossϡ) + ʔap (living place; house) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ʔałtšapʰanəšmu \ce world \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \cf ʔapʰanəšmu \ce village; place where there are many houses \sd places \lg TJPH \rf Prayer14 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ʔałtšaqškʔunapaš \ps n \ge shore fisherman \de shore fisherman \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + šaqškʔunapaʔaš (fish on the shore)>] \cf šaqškʔunapaʔaš \ce to fish on the shore; to surf-fish \xv 1. latsiʔił siʔiʔałšaqškʔunapaš ʔan tsinaʔakawayu \xe 'some people who surf-fish on horseback.' \xv 2. tšʔiłwaš siʔiyʔałtšaqškʔunapaš \xe 'there were fishermen' (the type that fished on the shore). \sd people \sd hunting \sd ocean \sd food \sd fish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.260.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšaqtišumuš \ps n \ge kind of sorcery/magic \ge sorcery/magic, kind of \ge magic/sorcery, kind of \de kind of sorcery/magic \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + aqti- (ϡinstrϡ.interfering) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + umu (bring to) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf aqtišumuš \ce to conjure \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.260.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšatišwənitš \ps n \ge married person \de married person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + ša- () + ti- (ϡaugϡ) + iwə (related to relationships) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf šatiwə \ce spouse \cf šatiwənitš \ce to be married \xv 1. xʔanwa ʔi ʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'married woman.' \xv 2. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'married man.' \xv 3. ʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔiyʔiʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'married men.' \xv 4. ʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔi muʔiʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'unmarried men.' \xv 5. muʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'unmarried person.' \xv 6. muʔałtšatiwənitš ʔi xʔanwa \xe 'unmarried woman.' \sd people \sd kinship \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.261.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšaxtawašətš \ps n \ge true one \de true one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + aqti- (ϡinstrϡ.absorption) + wasə (be good in form, manner, or action) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf axtawašətš \ce to be the truth \cf wašətš \ce to be good; to be pretty; to be well \xv 1. lokakoko kaʔałtsaxtawašətš \xe 'the true father.' \xv 2. ʔalaxtawašətš \xe 'it is true.' \xv 3. lokapałhaš ʔan tšaxtawašətš \xe 'what you said is the truth.' \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.261.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšəpəš \a ʔałšəpəš \va (ʔałšəpəš) \ps n \ge teacher \de teacher \ee This word is occasionally used to represent Coyote. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + səp (teach) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \sy ʔałtšəpš \cf ʔałšəpəšiwaš \ce Coyote; old teacher \cf səp \ce to teach \cf šəpəš \ce student; one taught \xv 1. no ʔan kqisə šaʔałtšəpəš \xe 'I saw a teacher.' \sd people \lg TJPH \rf 89.262.1-2; Daughter5 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšəpš \ps n \ge teacher \de teacher \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + səp (teach) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \sy ʔałtšəpəš \cf səp \ce to teach \cf šəpəš \ce student; one taught \sd people \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.262.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšik \ps n \ge one who has lice \ge lice, one who has \de one who has lice \mr [<ʔal- (NZ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + šik (headlouse/headlice)>] \cf šik \ce headlouse/headlice; shell worm \xv 1. hesikawkawiyaʔa ʔan ʔiyʔałtšik ʔan ʔəhə \xe 'the kawiya have lice' (This is solely the opinion of the original consultant, and may originally have been given only as a syntactic example and or humorously. This example does not reflect the opinions of past and living Chumash, nor does it reflect the opinion of the author). \sd people \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.263.1 \dt 12/Jun/2019 \lx ʔałtšinaxkuhutš \ps n \ge one who makes others die by dreams of the dead \de one who makes others die by dreams of the dead \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + ?si- () + nax- (ϡinstrϡ.time) + kuh (person; human) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \cf sinaxkuhun \ce to make others die from dreams of (the) dead \xv 1. no ʔan kʔałtšinaxkuhutš \xe 'I am one who makes people die by dreams of dead.' \xv 2. no ʔan huksinaxkuhunus \xe 'I am going to make him die from dreams of dead person.' \xv 3. tsʰinaxkuhunit \xe 'he made me die from dreams of dead.' \sd people \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.263.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšitaqnəʔəpš \ps n \ge interpreter \de interpreter \ee This is the only translation Harrington gives for this word. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + itaq- (ϡinstrϡ.hearing) + nəʔəp (continue; go on) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf šitaqnəʔəpš \ce to interpret; to be an interpreter \sd people \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.263.3; 90.756.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtškoninitš \cf ʔałkoninitš \ce smth wormy \sd variations \dt 21/Oct/2011 \lx ʔałtšošoy \ps n \ge smn/smth black \ge smth/smn black \ge black person \ge black, smth \de smn/smth black; black person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + šošoy (be black)>] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔantšotšoy (ʔantsotsoy) \pde smn/smth black.DIM; black person.DIM \cf šošoy \ce to be black; to be dark \xv 1. laʔkʰan ʔiskumił loʔkatštəə̀niwaš kaʔałtšošoy kiseqʰmelewìł, ʔałʔip kakixilikšaši! \xe 'when a black dog comes to lap you, it means, take care!' \sd people \sd descriptions \sd colors \rf 89.264.1-265.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałtšum \a ʔaltšum \ps n \ge money \ge treasure \ge anchovy \de money; treasure; anchovy \et *ʔala-qu-Cum ‘clam species' \ec Compare BOI ʼančum ‘money,’ ʼalaqucʼum ‘clam species,’ CRZ ʼalaqucum ‘money,’ INZ ʼalcʰum ‘money,’ ʼalaqucʼum ‘clam species,’ PUY ʼałčum ‘money,’ OBI łʼaanaqucu (Klar 1977: 97) \cf ʔałʔałtšumitš \ce smn wealthy \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. ʔəhə ʔišʔałtšum \xe 'he is rich.' \xv 2. ʔiyʔałʔałtšumitš ʔəhə ʔišiyʔałtšum \xe 'they are rich men.' \xv 3. ktipay suʔuštšʔəmənəš šaʔałtšum \xe 'I dug up a hidden treasure.' \xv 4. huksinay sikʔałtšum \xe 'I am going to put my money on the table (as for gambling).' \xv 5. kʰan tsipsinay lokapʔałtšum losiwanku ʔan tsʔił ʔisixip lokapʔałtšum \xe 'if you put your money in the bank it brings interest.' \xv 6. kuštəł suʔuštšʔəmənəš sa’ałtšum, kiksukitwo, knunaʔał lokakʔap \xe 'I found the buried treasure, I got it and took it home.' \xv 7. kʔuwe numis ʔisʔəhə saʔałtšum saʔałtšnukumi \xe 'but he always brings back a lot of money.' \xv 8. ʔałtšum ʔisʔap lokaslow̓ \xe 'money is the Eagle house, he lives in the money.' \xv 9. kilasʔisʔismo lokašʔałtšum \xe 'and he heaps up money.' \sd culture \sd common \sd economics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.19.1-20.2; 89.269.4-272.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałtšunuqš \ps n \ge foreigner \ge white man \ge Spaniard \de foreigner; white man; Spaniard \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + sunuq (carry on horseback) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf sunuq \ce to carry on horseback \xv 1. tsiyət saʔałtšunuqš \xe 'white men are coming.' \xv 2. muku kin ʔałtšunuqš \xe 'they are not Indian, they are foreigners.' \xv 3. tsyət šaʔałtšunuqš \xe 'a whiteman (Spaniard) is coming' (they would say). \xv 4. hesikuhkuʔu kʔuwe yəlaʔa tsiyʔuw šipəʔəš kašiyʔiyʔałtšunuqš ʔan tsiyʔuw, ʔəhə saliyaqtšum lokapəʔəš \xe 'the Indians all (all those down the coast) ate acorn mush and those of the nation ate it, there were lots of those of the nation who liked it' (‘of the nation’ refers primarily to Spaniards). \sd people \sd neologisms \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.268.1-3 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałtšutayitš \a ʔałšutayitš \va (ʔałšutayitš) \ps n \ge respectable person \de respectable person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + tayi (respect smth/smn) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf sutayi \ce to respect; to put respect in \cf tayi \ce to respect smn/smth \xv 1. ʔałšutayitš \xe 'he is respectable.' \xv 2. ksutayi lošaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I respect that man.' \xv 3. no ʔan ksutayinił \xe 'I respect you.' \xv 4. tšʰutayiš losixaʔax ʔišup \xe 'this shrine is much respected.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.269.1; 91.44.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšuyałhašlaš \a ʔałtsuyałhašlaš \ps n \ge gossip \ge great talker \ge talker, great \ge smn who speaks much \de gossip; great talker; smn who speaks much \gn hablador \dn hablador \ee It is unlcear from the data whether this is a verb or a noun. It seems to be used as a verb from the examples given. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + suya- (ϡdesϡ) + ałhaš (speak) + -laš ()>] \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \xv 1. kʔałtšuyałhašlaš \xe 'I am a speaker,' \xn 'soy hablador.' \xv 2. no ʔan kałhaš \xe 'I speak,' \xn 'yo hablo.' \xv 3. no ʔan kałhašlaš \xe 'I am speaking.' \xn 'estoy hablando.' \xv 4. ʔałtsuyałhašlaš \xe 'a speaker,' \xn 'hablador.' \sd people \sd language \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.182, 183, 258.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšuyapoʔoš \ps n \ge Milky Way \de Milky Way \ee Literally this means, 'it goes (always) to the pine nuts.' Old men would say this of the Milky Way when it led to the north. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + suya- (ϡdesϡ) + poš (heart; pine nut)>] \cf poš \ce heart; pinenut; pinyon nut \cf šuyapoʔoš \ce to go collecting pinenuts \xv 1. šuyapoʔoš \xe 'go pick pinenuts!' (name for the Milky Way). \xv 2. tšʰuyapoʔoš \xe 'he is going piñoning.' \xv 3. tšnaʔał šipošpoš \xe 'he is going where the pine nuts are.' \sd astronomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.359; 89.266 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšuyatowš \ps n \ge quarlsome person \de quarlsome person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + suya- (ϡdesϡ) + towš (fight)>] \cf towš \ce to fight \sd people \sd descriptions \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.267.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšuyaxmušʰaši \ps n \ge one who loves him/herself \ge loves him/herself, one who \ge one who praises him/herself \ge praises him/herself, one who \de one who loves him/herself; one who praises him/herself \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + suya- (ϡdesϡ) + axmuš (praise) + -šVš (ϡreflϡ) + -i (ϡcplvϡ)>] \cf axmuš \ce to praise \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.267, 388.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałtšuyoʔoštəš \ps n \ge fucker \ge one who wants to fuck \de fucker; one who wants to fuck \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + suya- (ϡdesϡ) + ʔoš(tə) (fuck; have sex with) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ʔoš \ce to have sex with; to fuck \cf šuyoʔoštəš \ce to want to fuck \xv 1. ʔałtšuyoʔoštəš \xe 'he is a fucker.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.267.3; 90.308.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalułkuwitš \ps n \ge feared one \ge one who inspires fear \ge fear, one who inspires \de one who inspires fear; feared one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ulkuw (be night(time)) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \cf ułkuwitš \ce to inspire respect to the point of fear \xv 1. tšʔalułkuwitš \xe 'he is a very respected man, seriously, so that they even fear him.' \xv 2. tsisuwaxaʔax ʔisiyiwon lokaməy, tšiyalułkuwitš ʔisiywon \xe 'the wolves had a low-pitched resonant sound, they inspired fear.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔalułkuwitš \xe 'I am a feared person.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.274.2-275.1; 91.392.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalułtšawawa \ps n \ge steam \ge vapor \de steam; vapor \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ultšawawa (steam; give off steam)>] \cf ułtšawawa \ce to steam; to give off steam \xv 1. qisə lošalułtšawawa \xe 'look at the steam.' \xv 2. tšułtšawawa \xe 'it steams' ; 'steam arises.' \sd food \sd heat \sd water \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.393.4-394.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaluqštu \ps n \ge deaf person \de deaf person \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + uqš- () + tu (ear)>] \cf ʔuxstu \ce to be deaf \cf tu1 \ce ear \xv 1. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔaluqštu \xe 'deaf man.' \sd people \sd body \sd descriptions \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.273.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalušʔeš \a ʔalušeʔeš \va (ʔalušʔeš) \ps n \ge badger \de badger \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + ʔe (of digging into) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ušʔe \ce to scratch the surface of \cf ušʔeš \ce to dig (with hands or instruments) \xv 1. lokaʔalušʔeš ʔan tštaxtaxšətš \xe 'the badger is strong.' \xv 2. lamusʰuwaqniʔił ʔisoxokonono lokaʔalušʔeš \xe 'the badger snores very faintly.' \xv 3. loʔkaʔalušeʔèš ʔan tštaxtaxšətš ʔi šušeʔeš \xe 'the badger is a strong digger.' \xv 4. loʔkaʔalušeʔèš ʔan tšušʔè loʔkašušeʔèš loʔkašaqʰšanùtš kisʔùw loʔkatsʰintskonìn kašaqʰšanùtš \xe 'the badger digs into graves and eats worms.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.704.2-708.2; 89.276.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔalušeʔeš \cf ʔalušʔeš \ce badger \sd variations \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔalušʰowutš \pl ʔiyʔałʔalušʰowutš \ps n \ge widow(er) \de widow(er) \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + ušʰo (leave; let; let go; release) + –w (ϡepthϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ušʰo \ce to leave; to let; to let go; to release; to allow; to permit \xv 1. hesixʔanwa ʔan ʔalušowutš \xe 'this woman is a widow.' \xv 2. ʔalušʰowutš \xe 'a widower.' \xv 3. neʔekʔalušʰowutš \xe 'I became a widow.' \sd people \sd kinship \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.15; 89.276.2-277.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałwakʔay \ps n \ge surface \de surface \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + wakʔay (be on top of)>] \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \xv 1. losiqasqas ʔan tšaputišošoy saʔałwakʔay \xe 'the sand is getting dark on its surface.' \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.284.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałwałpštəhə \a ʔałwałpstəhə \va (ʔałwałpstəhə) \ps n \ge lizard species \de lizard species \gn salamanquesa (salamanquéz) \dn salamanquesa (salamanquéz) \ee This lizard species was said to be greenish blue. When its tail broke off, the tail was said to sprinkle poison about (it is possible that this evaluation is a cultural belief). It is possible that this word refers to a salamander species. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + wal- (ϡinstrϡ.swathing) + ps- () + təhə ()>] \cf wałpštəhə \ce to throw with the finger \xv 1. xilikʰšašì ! kimusaxikił! pakeʔet loʔiswałpštəhə̀ kiwə tsʔił ʔisʰin ʔałnaqšʰa \xe 'don’t touch it! for the lizard is poison(ous).' \xv 2. loʔkaʔałwałpštəhə̀ ʔan tšuwaštəwəkʰš ʔištəqʰšaʔàš, laʔkʰan sipaxikʰpì sipón̓ ʔan tšałpʰatàtà kiswałpwałpštəhə̀ \xe 'the lizard is a blue color, if you touch it lightly [?with] a stick, the lizard splits in two (all the pieces begin to jump around and sprinkle out poison).' \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd amphibians \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.250.2-253.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałwašqawawhatš \ps n \ge centipede \de centipede \ee Literally, 'he who goes fast with all his legs like flying.' \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + waš-1 (ϡinstrϡ.paddling) + qawawah (wing; fin) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf qawawa \ce wing; fin \cf qawawaha \ce to be winged \cf qawawahatš \ce to be positioned with the arms straight out to the side of the body \xv 1. no ʔan kqawawahatš \xe 'I extend my arms straight horizontally from shoulders.' \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.306 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałwertšigu \ps n \ge apricot \de apricot \et \ec Compare tšawakan ‘apricot’ [] \xv 1. lokaʔałwertšigu ʔan tšiyuštipeš ʔisirwelu \xe 'the apricots were mixed with the plums.' \sd food \sd plants \sd agriculture \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 91.500.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałxaʔax \ps n \ge fat one \ge large one \de fat one; large one \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + xaʔax (be big; be large; be thick; be fat)>] \cf xaʔax \ce to be big; to be fat; to be large; to be thick \xv 1. kaqutikuk hesikʰinʔałxaʔax \xe 'I stubbed my great toe.' \sd descriptions \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.244.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxałtsiqom \ps n \ge scorpion \de scorpion \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + qal̓- (ϡinstrϡ.together) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + su- (ϡcausϡ) + i-2 (ϡtr.iϡ) + qʔom (be doubled up)>] \cf qʔom \ce to be doubled up \cf siqʔom \ce to fold so as to bend back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔoməš \ce smth bent back on itself \sd nature \sd animals \sd insects \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.158.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxay̓ \ph ˈˀɑɬxɑj̰ \ps n \ge bobcat \de bobcat \ee Harrington refers to this as a ‘mountain lion (the smaller of two species)’; contradictory statements say it is larger than ͽʔałʔapʔałpay. Different/later interpretations say it denotes the bobcat. \cf ʔałʔapʔałpay \ce large cat species \cf tukʔem̓ \ce mountain lion \xv 1. ʔipakeʔet loʔkaʔałxay̓ kaloʔkatukʔem \xe 'the bobcat and mountain lion are of one family.' \xv 2. pi nipʔałxay̓ ? \xe 'you are a mountain cat?' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.403.2; 71.934.2-941.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxili \ps n \ge oil \ge fat \ge lard \ge butter \ge grease \ge meat \de oil; fat; lard; butter; grease; meat \gn manteca \dn manteca \et *qilhi \ec Compare BOI –xil ‘fat,’ INZ s-xil ‘fat,’ OBI k/qiłhi ‘fat’ (Klar 1977: 85) \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + xili ()i>] \cf ʔałxilitš \ce to be greasy \xv 1. hukispuwe ʔisʔałxili \xe 'I am going to buy butter or lard.' \xv 2. ʔəhə ʔisʔałxili \xe 'it is an oily fish.' \xv 3. tsʔałxili šipoš \xe 'the pinenut contains a lot of oil.' \xv 4. tsʔałxili ʔištaponpon \xe 'the fat around the kidneys.' \xv 5. tsiyoqmow sipawapaw hesaʔałxili \xe 'the flies are thick all over the meat.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.245.2-4, 246.1-2 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxiliknaš \ps n \ge caretaker \ge police \de caretaker; police \mr [] \cf xiliʔik \ce to take care of; to watch over \xv 1. kikasʔip, “ksuyakitwo ʔiti, ʔəhə sukaluštʔey,” kʔuwe lokaʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš ʔan tšuliʔiš kikašnulaluʔus lokaʔałxiliknaš (the police, o.k.), kikašamaqšik lokaʔaqšikšmu \xe 'and he said, "I want to leave here, I have a lot of business," but the undertaker arrested him and took him to the police.' \sd people \sd neologisms \rf JPH; TJPH \rf 85.542.2-543.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxilitš \ps n \ge greasy, be \de to be greasy \mr [<ʔalxili (oil; fat; lard; butter; grease; meat) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔałxili \ce oil; fat; lard; butter; grease; meat \xv 1. tšʔałxilitš hesikpu \xe 'my hand is greasy.' \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.246.3, 298.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxuʔla \a ʔałxula \ps n \ge cryer \ge cry-baby \de cryer \xv 1. lokaʔałxula \xe 'that cryer.' \sd people \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.247.1-3 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔałxululu \ps n \ge buggy \ge cart \de buggy; cart \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + xululu (roll (as is said of a ball or wheel))>] \cf xululu \ce to roll (as is said of a ball or wheel) \xv 1. kikasiyutiyəkʰ loʔkasʰin ʔalxululu \xe 'they were inside a cart.' \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.247.4; Coyo8 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxupani \ps n \ge bronco \ge horse that kicks and bites \ge stubborn animal \de stubborn animal; bronco; horse that kicks and bites \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + xupani (kick (said only of animals))>] \cf xupani \ce to kick (said only of animals) \xv 1. hesikawayu ʔałxupani \xe 'this horse is stubborn.' \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.248.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔałxuxa \ps v \ge afraid, be \de to be afraid \ee This word is a verb and not a nominalized form. Notice example two where the third person singular prefix is used with the verb, something prohibited in regular, nominalized forms. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + xuxa (be cowardly)>] \sy itəmə \cf oxonišpi \ce to be afraid of \cf xuxa \ce to be cowardly; to be timid \xv 1. kʔałxuxa \xe 'I am afraid.' \xv 2. tsʔałxuxa \xe 'he is uneasy, has fears.' \xv 3. kʰan ʔisʔałxuxa \xe 'when it is afraid.' \xv 4. no ʔan kʰałʔałxuxa \xe 'I am a coward.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.248.2; 93.101.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔałyawyaʔaw \ps n \ge cheerful person \de cheerful person \ee Consultant notes that this denotes a person who is very cheerful and contented, like a happy bootblack who is content with little, never worries, and is never sad. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + yawyaʔaw (be cheerful)>] \cf yawyaʔaw \ce to be cheerful \sd descriptions \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.214.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamʔamaməʔə \ps n \ge body.REDUP \de body.REDUP \cf ʔamam̓ə \ce body \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamʔamə \cf ʔamam̓ə \ce body \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamʔamiʔi \ps n \ge sibling, older.REDUP \ge brother, older.REDUP \ge sister, older.REDUP \de older sibling.REDUP \cf ʔami \ce older sibling \sd reduplications \dt 22/Nov/2010 \lx ʔamaliyu \a ʔamaliyù \ps v \ge yellow, be \de to be yellow \mr [] \xv 1. loʔkatštəʔənìwaš kaʔamaliyù kisaqʰteqʰmelewìł \xe 'a yellow dog comes and caresses you.' \xv 2. tšwonwonoqš šaʔałtšošoy kasaʔamaliyu \xe 'it is striped black and yellow.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd colors \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.705.2; Bad18 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamam \ps n \ge grandchild \de grandchild \ee What a woman calls her daughter's daughter or son. \lg JPH, KO \rf 72.220.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔamamə \cf ʔamam̓ə \ce body \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamaməniwaš \a ʔaməniwaš \a ʔamamənwaš \a ʔamənwaš \ps n \ge corpse \ge dead body \de dead body; corpse \mr [<ʔamam̓ə (body) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔamam̓ə \ce body \cf ʔamə \ce flesh; meat; fruit \xv 1. lokasʔamaməniwaš lokakwopowaš huʔamtipay, huʔamsukitwoa \xe 'they are going to dig up the body of my grandfather.' \xv 2. kilokasʔamaməniwaš ʔan tšwatšʔəw \xe 'and throws the old bodies of the flies away.' \xv 3. huktipay lokasʔamamənwaš (Ϟor lokasʔamaməniwaš, Ϟor lokasʔamənwaš) \xe 'I am going to dig up his body.' \sd anatomy \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.286.3; 89.287.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamamənwaš \cf ʔamaməniwaš \ce dead body; corpse \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamam̓ə \va ʔamamə \a ʔamamə \a ʔamam̓ə̀ \a ʔamʔamə \rd ʔamʔamaməʔə \ps n \ge body \de body \ee This word is unspecific as to the animacy of the body. See usage where the body is alive and dead. \et *ʔVmin̓ \ec Compare BOI ʼam̓in ‘meat; body,’ INZ ʼamɨn̓ ‘meat; body,’ OBI ʼimɨ(ʼ) ‘meat; body’ (Klar 1977: 96) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + amamə (be the body of)>] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔamaməniwaš \pde body.DEPR \cf ʔamaməniwaš \ce dead body; corpse \cf ʔamə \ce flesh; meat; fruit \cf amamə \ce to be the body of \xv 1. hesikʔamam̓ə \xe 'my body.' \xv 2. kʔamaʔmə, \xe 'my body.' \xv 3. tsʔamamə ʔi šaqšanùtš \xe 'a body of a dead person.' \xv 4. tšišaw hešikʔamam̓ə \xe 'my body is warm.' \xv 5. ʔəhə sikʰintštep hesikʔamamə \xe 'I have many fleas on my body.' \xv 6. mitmitʔi ʔan lakasiʔamam̓ə kamusilunaʔał \xe 'they are small and that is already the bodily size of them and they grow no more.' \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.285.2-286.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔamelikanu \a ʔamerikanu \va ʔamerikanu \ps n \ge American \de American \mr [] \xv 1. pakeʔet ʔiswop, roberto káles kaskoko, roberto kales ʔan ʔamerikanu ʔipakəwaš, xosé ʔan tseqpeyus lokaskoko, muʔułyi, qnowowo, kʰantšnehet lokaskoko \xe 'there was one of his sons, [?of whom] Roberto Cales [was] the father. Roberto Cales [was] an old American man, Jose followed after his father, he was not tall, he was short, and therefore just as his father.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd people \sd names \lg TJPH \rf 3.88.41.1; 3.89.491.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamerikanu \cf ʔamelikanu \ce American \sd variations \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔamə \rd ʔaməʔə \ps n \ge flesh \ge meat \ge fruit \de flesh; meat; fruit \ee This word is used of meat and fruit in general. There is a separate word for meat from a cow. This form seems to be generally, inherently possessed. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼam̓in ‘body,’ CRZ p-am̓ay ⁓ ala-p-am̓ay ‘body,’ INZ ʼamɨn̓ ‘body,’ PUY ʼamə ‘body, meat’,’ OBI ʼimɨ(ʼ) –no meaning given- (Klar 1977: 132) \cf ʔamaməniwaš \ce dead body; corpse \cf ʔamam̓ə \ce body \cf ʔamənətš \ce to have seed; to be with seed \xv 1. tšlomlom ʔi ʔamə \xe 'it's meat is a little tough.' \xv 2. musʔił tsʔamə \xe 'it has no meat' (in its body or shell). \xv 3. lokasʔamə ʔan tšaqnitšum \xe 'its meat is fine tasting.' \xv 4. tsiyʔuw lokaštum kaʔisʔamə \xe 'they eat their eggs and meat.' \xv 5. heʔisʔamə tskʔitutišihitš \xe 'the meat is a little tough.' \xv 6. yəlaʔa lokasʔamə kałʔiwaštʔəw \xe 'they threw away all its body.' \xv 7. kinelašwatipšokʔi lokaʔałkaputš ʔan neʔemusʔił tsʔamə \xe 'when the cattle chased by wolves at last falls to the ground there is no more meat left on its bones.' \xv 8. tsʔił ʔispon̓ kiloʔištək kasʔił ʔisʔamə \xe 'it has a stem and at the tip of it is the fruit.' \sd animals \sd food \sd plants \sd anatomy \sd agriculture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.287.4-289.1; 91.274.2-276.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaməʔə \ps n \ge flesh.REDUP \ge meat.REDUP \ge fruit.REDUP \de flesh.REDUP; meat.REDUP; fruit.REDUP \cf ʔamə \ce flesh; meat; fruit \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamənətš \ps v \ge seed, have \de to have seed; to be with seed \mr [<ʔamə (flesh; meat; fruit) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔamə \ce flesh; meat; fruit \xv 1. neʔešʔamənətš \xe 'already it has seed.' \sd plants \sd agriculture \sd food \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.289.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaməniwaš \cf ʔamaməniwaš \ce dead body; corpse \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamənwaš \cf ʔamaməniwaš \ce dead body; corpse \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamha \ps vt \ge sneak up upon \ge spy upon (as in war) \de to sneak up upon; to spy upon (as in war) \cf ʔamhatš \ce to raise and lower oneself \cf susʔamha \ce to sense (sight, hearing, taste, temperature) \xv 1. hukʔamhanus lokawə́ \xe 'I sneak up on the deer.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd warfare \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.289.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔamhatš \ps v \ge raise and lower oneself \de to raise and lower oneself \ee This is said specifically of certain motions a lizard makes. \mr [<ʔamha (sneak up upon; spy upon (as in war)) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ʔamha \ce to sneak up upon; to spy upon (as in war) \xv 1. tsʔámhátš \xe 'it steals up on game' (said also of lizard raising and lowering itself when watching for flies). \sd verbs \sd body \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.260.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔami \rd ʔamʔamiʔi \ps n \ge sibling, older \ge brother, older \ge sister, older \de older sibling \xv 1. kʔami \xe 'my older brother/sister!' (vocative). \xv 2. xwan ʔan aleqpeyus lokasʔami \xe 'Juan resembles his older brother.' \xv 3. huksutinəʔəp loʔkakʔami \xe 'I am going to move my [older] brother from here.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 72.230.4; 91.365.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔamiwu \ps n \ge friend \de friend \mr [] \sy ʔaqškʔutiwə \xv 1. lokakʔamiwu ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'my friend told me.' \xv 2. kikəpə ʔan hukuniyəw hesikʔamiwu \xe 'and now I am going to look for my friend.' \xv 3. kwelexš lokasʔap kʔuwe kakʔamiwu mušnupnupahaʔa munaskuta \xe 'I passed my friend's house but there was no stirring.' \xv 4. kwašʰu lokaʔatʔaxatš, kwašʰu lokaʔatʔaxatš, tsʔił sikʔamiwu ʔan tseqpeyus \xe 'I mistook the man, I have a friend whom he looks much like.' \sd people \sd common \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.290.3-291.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔan \hm 1 \ps prcl \ee This morpheme allows a referent to become left cleft of the modifying verb. Glossed as FOC when a focus particle and glossed as DEP when used as a relativizer or other marker of syntactic dependency. The use of this particle as a marker of focus can be seen in its frequent use with new (to the discourse) information and the way it sets this information left of the predicate. It is entirely possible that the examples given in sense II. also illustrate focus; we may simply lack the context to see this. \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \cf al- \ce stative verbal prefix \se I. \ge FOC \de focus particle \xv 1. hesikatu ʔan tšulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'the cat catches rats.' \xv 2. hesiletši ʔan tsʰeqenus lokaštšʔənəʔəš kakapʰe \xe 'the milk kills the strength of the coffee.' \xv 3. kasʔipus, ‘haku, haku, huki pałhin ?’ kəpə ʔan hukuwił \xe 'and he said to him, "what’s up? what’s up? what are you doing? now I am going to eat you". ' \xv 4. kaylo kaxʔanwa ʔan tštʔoloq \xe 'that woman is hungry.' \xv 5. kikəpə ʔan nelupinahet \xe 'and now what will you do?' \xv 6. lokakatu ʔan soxkonono \xe 'the cat is purring.' \xv 7. no ʔan kałtə sixʔanwa losikayi \xe 'I met the woman on the street.' \xv 8. no ʔan mukʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \xe 'I am not ticklish.' \xv 9. no ʔan tsʔił sikʔap lositəpʰə \xe 'I have a house in a forest.' \xv 10. pakeʔet ʔan tsamipʰ hušaqša tskumù ʔi skʔot \xe 'it was said of the four broken [ones] that one would die.' \xv 11. sikatu ʔan hušulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'a cat will catch the rats.' \xv 12. tšaqʰša pakeʔet šitakʰtəʔəš, kiloʔkatsʔohoy ʔan skʔotkʔot, yəlaʔa lokaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔan lakʰan tsinehetʰ \xe 'one animal died, the other was completely broken, [and] all the men were also so.' \xv 13. ʔalaxuwəł ka puʔpu ʔan tsʔił ʔišišʔap šimup \xe 'coyote and roadrunner had a house in a cave.' \xv 14. ʔišʔišʔilikʔenšteʔèš ka ʔišʔišʔuniyəw sułʔišʔuw. puʔpú ʔan tštapi saʔałmam̓útš sipón̓ \xe 'their method of living was searching for food. roadrunner entered a hallow of a tree.' \se II. \ge DEP \de dependent particle \xv 1. kaštapinə ʔan kpiliy lokayop \xe 'yesterday I got stuck in the tar.' \xv 2. kseqe ʔan kaypi̇ʔi̇ʔi kušiʔik kałwašətš sukqisəʔə lokaʔałalaxiyepš \xe 'I pulled it out, for this reason it ached all the more, it seemed well for me to go to see the doctor.' \xv 3. losikʔelew ʔan kałtsusamha ʔišʔaqnipaʔaš \xe 'my tongue senses taste.' \xv 4. muʔampošotš hukiłʔałʔùw, laʔkʰan šipuliʔìš ʔan tšmiš šaʔaniwàš \xe 'they do not know what it eats, when you seize it it weeps blood (in reference to the horned lizard).' \sd particles \lg TJPH \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔan \hm 2 \ps n \ge blood \de blood \ee Refers to blood inside or outside the body. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaniwaš \pde blood.DEPR \cf ʔanutš \ce to be bloody \xv 1. tsʔan \xe 'its blood.' \xv 2. hesikʔan \xe 'my blood.' \xv 3. hesikʔaniwaš \xe 'my blood' (presumably this would refer to old blood, maybe on a rag or such thing). \xv 4. kušʔak saʔan \xe 'I defecate blood.' \xv 5. kpašpaš saʔan \xe 'I vomit blood.' \xv 6. latšə ʔisiyʔuwit lokakʔan \xe 'the mosquitoes suck my blood all the time.' \xv 7. kumeł ʔišʔaniwaš, tsapitsʔə ʔišʔaniwaš, muštšum ʔišʔaniwaš, mušwašətš \xe Lit., '(its) old blood is bad, (its) old blood is hot, (its) old blood is not agreeable, it is not good' (there may be some idiomatic translation that is being missed here). \xv 8. muʔampošotš hukiłʔałʔùw, laʔkʰan šipuliʔìš ʔan tšmiš šaʔaniwàš \xe 'they do not know what it eats, when you seize it it weeps blood' (in reference to the horned lizard). \sd anatomy \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔan- \ps pre \ge NZ.DIM \de diminutive nominalizing prefix \ee Glossed as NZ.DIM. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ)>] \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \sd prefixes \sd diminutives \lg TJPH \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanaməkə \a anaməkə \va anaməkə \ps v \ge tolerate \ge support \ge hold \de to tolerate; to support; to hold \mr [<ʔana- () + məʔək (to be far; to be far away; to last) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \xv 1. tsʔanaməkə ʔisenhes \xe 'he tolerates the sound' (of a duck). \xv 2. lapʔanaməkə lapwakapʔiʔiʔi lokasisaqikʔikił lokapʔałʔaliwəʔə \xe 'suffer with patience the weaknesses of those close to you.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.295.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanapiqe \ps n \ge fledgeling \de fledgeling \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + api-2 (ϡincepϡ) + qe ()>] \cf apiqe \ce to begin to fly \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.296.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanaputiilikʔe \ps n \ge animal that is motionless in the current \de animal that is motionless in the current \ee This refers to snails, etc. which remain much of the time motionless in the ocean current. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + aputi- (ϡinstrϡ.current) + ilikʔe (sit; stay; remain)>] \cf ʔalaputinałnaʔał \ce animal that moves in the ocean \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.114 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanaputiteqpey \ph ˀɑnɑpʊtɪtɛqʰpɛj \ps n \ge shellfish which cling to rocks \de shellfish which cling to rocks \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + aputi- (ϡinstrϡ.current) + teq- (ϡinstrϡ.attaching) + pey (smear; spread on)>] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. tsʰin ʔanaputiteqʰpey ʔi tʔayà \xe 'there are barnacles on the back of that abalone shell.' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd shellfish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.23.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanaqtip \a ʔanaqʰtip \ph ˀɑnɑqʰtɪp \ps v \ge shot, be a good \ge marksman, be a good \de to be a good shot; to be a good marksman \ee In old days some were good shots and some were not. There were 'malos' and 'buenos.' This word does not seem to have strong aspiration on the uvular stop. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałʔanaqtip \pde to be a good shot.NZ; to be a good marksman.NZ \xv 1. kʔanaqtip (Ϟor kʔałʔanaqtip) \xe 'I am a good shot.' \xv 2. tsʔanaqtip \xe 'he is a good shot; he is a good marksman.' \xv 3. saʔanaqʰtip \xe 'I am a good archer.' \xv 4. latsiʔił siʔiyʔałʔanaqtip \xe 'There were some men that were good shots.' \sd people \sd verbs \sd hunting \sd archery \lg JPH \rf 89.162, 294.2-295.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔanaqtskutanpinpin \sc Charadrius vociferus \ps n \ge killdeer \ge small beach birds \ge birds, small beach \de killdeer; small beach birds \gn tildio \dn tildio \ee Coastal wader about the size of a chicken with a long neck and thing beak bent at the tip. Its back is brown and it’s rump and chest are white. It nests among reeds and feeds on insects, mollusks, and worms. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + ts- (3.ϡpossϡ) + kuta (get up; slope up) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + pin (movement along the beach/shore.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \sd animals \sd birds \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.317.1; 89.241.2, 295.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ʔanaqtskutipoxpox \ps n \ge mole \de mole \ee It was said that the mole was once a messenger, but he was a traitor and thereafter condemned to live a subterraneous life. It is suggested that ‘kuti ’ in this word is related to the verb kuti in BOI meaning ‘to see’ \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + ts- (3.ϡpossϡ) + kuti- (?see) + pox (vocalize nasally.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf pox \ce to vocalize nasally \xv 1. loʔkaʔanaqʰskutipoxpox ʔan kʰsen̓wàš muskumlì loʔkasxilałtəmù kikasamtənùs kaʔisamyikus susʔatʔap laʔtšʰə̀ heʔismaʔàm hemišupʰ \xe 'mole was an announcer, but he did not fulfill his duty, so they named him and gave him to live always below the earth.' \sd mammals \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.821.2-829.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔanatʔamam \cf ʔanatʔam̓am \ce raccoon \sd variations \dt 07/Jan/2013 \lx ʔanatʔam̓am \a ʔanatʔamam \va (ʔanatʔamam) \ps n \ge raccoon \de raccoon \gn mapache \dn mapache \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + ʔatʔam (go along a stream.ϡredupϡ; wade.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf ʔatʔamli \ce to go along a stream; to wade \cf ʔutʔam \ce river \xv 1. loʔkaʔanatʔam̓am ʔan tsuniyəw sułʔuw ʔi sułkù \xe 'the raccoon hunts at night.' \xv 2. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan latšə ʔisalinałnaʔał suʔułʔułkuʔuw, kiʔišnaxyət ʔan tšaliqšihitš \xe 'the raccoon always wanders about nights and naps in the daytime.' \xv 3. loʔištək ʔi šteleq loʔkaʔanatʔam̓àm ʔan tsihin kuhusisunuwùs susiwaqʰsikùs sałʔaqʰniyəwùs \xe 'they use the tip of the tail of the raccoon to paint what they fancy.' \xv 4. loʔkasiwontšəʔəš loʔkaʔanatʔam̓àm ʔan tseqʰpeyùs lokaswelexmen kapon̓ lamuhusxaʔàx loʔkapon̓, tsapaqʰskʔəy kaʔis[ʰ]uwaxexéw̓ \xe 'the noise of the raccoon resembles the falling over of a tree, only a tree that is not so big, it creaks like [wood in] a fire but not so harsh [lit., somewhat hoarse].' \xv 5. loʔišteleqʰ ʔan tšušʔúš \xe 'its tail is long-haired.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.874.1-880.2; 89.198.2; 94.66.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanəš \ps n \ge uncle (father's brother) \de uncle (father's brother) \cf tata \ce uncle (mother's brother) \xv 1. kʔanəš \xe 'my father's brother.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 72.239.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanipe \ps n \ge swallow (species) \de swallow (species) \gn golondrina \dn golondrina \xv 1. no ʔan kʔanipè \xe 'I am a swallow.' \xv 2. tspat ʔi šolòp \xe 'mud nest.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.415.1-416.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔaniso \a aniso \va (aniso) \ps n \ge seagull \ge gull \de seagull; gull \gn gaviota \dn gaviota \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼanisóʼ ‘seagull,’ CRZ cʼolo ‘seagull’ (related?), INZ ʼaniso ‘seagull’ (Whistler 1980: 53; Beeler & Klar 1977: 116; SYBCI 2007: 52) \xv 1. no ʔan kʔaniso \xe 'I am a seagull.' \xv 2. tštum ʔi ʔanisò \xe 'seagull egg.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.419.1-420.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaniwoho \ps n \ge ant (half black, half red) \de ant (half black, half red) \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + iwoho ()>] \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.277.2 \dt 08/Apr/2018 \lx ʔanixwoškʔoloy \cf ʔanixwotškʔoloy \ce duck with green wings; mallard \sd variations \dt 30/Jun/2012 \lx ʔanixwotškʔoloy \a ʔanixwoškʔoloy \a anixwatškoloy \va (ʔanixwoškʔoloy, anixwatškoloy) \ps n \ge duck with green wings \ge mallard \de duck with green wings; mallard \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ʼoloxwoškoloy ‘duck species (large with blue head and neck)’ (SYBCI 2007: 504) \xv 1. no ʔan kʔanixwotškʔoloy \xe 'I am resplendent' (Ϟor 'I am a mallard duck'). \xv 2. tsʔip, "xwat xwat xwat xwat xwat xwat xwat" \xe 'the duck says xwat, etc.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.423.1-425.2 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaniyu \ps n \ge ring \ge wedding band \de ring; wedding band \mr [] \xv 1. huksutapi hesikʔułya hesikʔaniyu \xe 'I am going to put my ring on' (only verb used). \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd clothes \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.296.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanmaxwakʔay̓ \ps n \ge wild cucumber \ge cucumber, wild \de wild cucumber \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + maq-2 (ϡinstrϡ.string/rope) + wakʔay (be on top of) + -ʔ (ϡfgϡ)>] \gn chilecote \dn chilecote \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \sd food \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.86.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔantap \ps n \ge ’antap \de ’antap \ee A society of elders and influential leaders of a tribe that controlled and oversaw certain tribal activities. It was thought that they had their own language. The etymology of the name indicates they were people who gathered inside a place. Harrington notes that the location was a ‘petate enclosure at ancient fiestas,’ called ͽliyək or ͽsiliyək in Ventureño. The Jamisar language supports the Ventureño etymology: tsúrupkim yə́varpe, ‘those who enter the enclosure.’ \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + tap (visit; enter (the residence of))>] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \sd culture \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.283.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔantimenkeyeye \a ʔantimenkeyeyè \a ʔantimenkeyeyé \sc Phrynosoma \ps n \ge horned toad \ge toad, horned \ge horned lizard \ge lizard, horned \de horned toad; horned lizard \gn falso camaleon \gn camaleon, falso \dn falso camaleon \xv 1. muʔampošotš hukiłʔałʔùw laʔkʰan šipuliʔìš ʔan tšmiš šaʔaniwàš \xe 'they do not know what it eats, when you seize it it weeps blood' (in reference to the horned lizard). \xv 2. yəlaʔa hesikù ʔan mušuqonəšpì loʔkaʔantimenkeyeyè kiwə̀ xaʔàx ʔisexneqenpi heʔišup \xe 'the people never hurt the horned toad for it keeps attention to the world.' \xv 3. loʔkaʔantimenkeyeyè ʔan yəlaʔa heʔisʔamam̓ə̀ ʔan tstsʔətsʔə̀ tšaqwin loʔismaʔam kałmustsʔətsʔə̀ tsiwałqʰlay tšiwinetšeš yəlaʔà ʔi ʔałtsʔətsʔə̀ \xe 'all the body of the horned lizard is sharp, only the underside is not sharp, it is smooth and crowned with spikes.' \xv 4. loʔkaxšap ʔan tsaqʰləw̓ə̀ loʔkaʔantimenkeyeyé kasaqutiple loʔkaʔantimenkeyeye. kisuwelewele heʔišyəwəš kiswewèkʰ heʔisʔamə kalokatspax lokaxšap kikaskitwò \xe 'the rattlesnake swallows the horned lizard and the horned lizard is finished. then he [the horned lizard] shakes his head, he tears his the snake's flesh and skin and exits.' \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.254.1-257.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔantipsnekey \cf ʔantipšnekey̓ \ce lizard (species) \sd variations \dt 18/Feb/2012 \lx ʔantipšnekey \cf ʔantipšnekey̓ \ce lizard (species) \sd variations \dt 18/Feb/2012 \lx ʔantipšnekey̓ \a ʔantipšnekéy̓ \a ʔantipšnekéy \a ʔantipšnekèy \a ʔantipsnekey \a ʔantipšnekey \va (ʔantipsnekey, ʔantipšnekey) \ps n \ge lizard (species) \de lizard (species) \ee Described as a small lizard. \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + ti- (ϡaugϡ) + pš- () + nek(ʔ)ey ()>] \cf psnekey \ce to be turned up; to point up \xv 1. kasaʔantipšnekéy pʰala ʔan tsʰinayuswu \xe 'and he trapped lizards.' \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.258.1-2; Roadrunner14 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔantsotsoy \cf ʔantšotšoy \ce smn/smth black.DIM; black person.DIM \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔantšə \ps n \ge sea urchin \ge urchin, sea \de sea urchin \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd shellfish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.72.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔantšintšinš \ps n \ge hairy caterpillar \ge caterpillar, hairy \de hairy caterpillar \ee Harrington offers no further clues as to the classification of this insect. \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 94.67.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔantšotšoy \a ʔantsotsoy \va (ʔantsotsoy) \ps n \ge smn/smth black.DIM \ge smth/smn black.DIM \ge black person.DIM \de smn/smth black.DIM; black person.DIM \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + t- (ϡepthϡ) + šošoy (be black.ϡdimϡ)>] \cf ʔałtšošoy \ce smn/smth black; black person \sd diminutives \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔantšutšʔutš \ps n \ge sea cradle \de sea cradel \ee This is a diminutive form of ͽʔalšušʔutš ‘the hairy one.’ \mr [<(ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + šušʔ (hair) + -Vtš ((ϡvz.propϡ).ϡdimϡ)>] \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \sd animals \sd nature \sd shellfish \sd ocean \rf 70.171; 89.298.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔanutš \ps v \ge bloody, be \de to be bloody \mr [<ʔan2 (blood) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔan2 \ce blood \xv 1. tšʔanutš hesikpu \xe 'my hand is bloody.' \xv 2. naštəʔəʔə tšʔanutš lokaxəp, naštəʔəʔə tsamqisə. kʔuwe samʔip ʔan mušaqša lokaqunup kʔuwe šeqwełtšəši sipistuk \xe 'the rock is still blood-stained, it can still be seen. and they say that the child did not die but was turned into a ground-squirrel.' \sd body \sd stative \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔanyapax \ps n \ge Anacapa Island \de Anacapa Island \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼanyapax ‘Anacapa,’ INZ ʼanyapax ‘Anacapa Island’ (Whistler 1980: 71; SYBCI 2007: 53) \xv 1. wáqsə́, ʔitšʰa ʔányapax \xe 'look now, Anacapa!' \xv 2. ʔanyapax ʔan tsaqutiqumelus mitsqanaqan \xe 'Anacapa is opposite Ventura.' \sd places \lg JPH \rf 69.15.1; 89.125.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔap \rd ʔapʔaʔap \a ʔáp \ps n \ge house \ge living place \de house; living place \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼap ‘house,’ CRZ ʼawa ‘house,’ INZ ʼap ‘house,’ OBI łʼimɨ ‘any house,’ PUY mama ‘house’ (Whistler 1980: 3; Klar 1977: 50; SYBCI 2007: 52; Klar 19__a: 31; NAA Purisimeño Field Notes, ms 6017pt) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔapiwaš \pde living place.DEPR; house.DEPR \cf ʔałʔapʔałpay \ce large cat species \cf ʔałtšapʰanəšmu \ce world \cf ʔałʔapʰanəš \ce home owner; owner of a house \cf ʔalapʰanitš \ce resident; smn (living) in a house \cf ʔapwaš \ce old house \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \cf ʔapʰanəšmu \ce village; place where there are many houses \cf ʔapʰanəšmunwaš \ce ruined city; old rancheria \cf ʔapʰpi \ce to live in \cf ʔatʔap \ce one who dwells below \cf ʔatʔapliʔiš \ce east; down country; smn from the coast \cf ʔatʔapwima \ce Santa Rosa islander \cf ašulap \ce to invite \cf maxsuwalaʔap \ce to toe ashore \cf qołnowonəš \ce hut shaped like a half egg \cf suwalaʔap \ce to wash up smth; to cast ashore \cf šatʔap \ce to wash ashore (said of fish only) \cf tšʰatʔap \ce ocean debris (foam, dead fish, etc.) \cf walaʔap \ce to land; to go ashore \cf xutiwalaʔap \ce to land hurriedly \xv 1. kwelexš lokasʔap kʔuwe kakʔamiwu mušnupnupahaʔa \xe 'I passed my friend's house but there was no noise' (he had not gotten up). \xv 2. no ʔan santa barbara kakʔap \xe 'I live in Santa Barbara.' \xv 3. no ʔan kiliklikʔenwaš santa barbara \xe 'I used to live in Santa Barbara.' \xv 4. mupsutikumus hesikʔap ! \xe 'don't come near to my house!' \xv 5. kaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'village.' \xv 6. hesaʔap ʔan tskumu ʔismaʔam \xe 'this house has four rooms.' \xv 7. nełpʔap \xe 'where do you live?' \xv 8. hesixus ʔan lositəptəpʰə kasʔap \xe 'the bear lives in the woods.' \xv 9. kipisinaʔay lokaʔałpenayəwə kaʔap \xe 'put ye it in last house in the outskirts of the village.' \xv 10. tseqweł ʔisʔap hemišup \xe 'it makes its nest in the ground.' \xv 11. lomotʔo siyʔikʔikmen̓ kasʔap \xe 'he lives outside the waves.' \xv 12. tsiyeqweł ʔisiyʔap heʔismaʔam siqasqas \xe 'they make their holes in the sand.' \xv 13. no ʔan tsʔił sikʔap lositəpʰə \xe 'I have a house in a forest.' \sd culture \sd common \sd places \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.616; 89.291.2, 299.1-300.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔapap \cf ʔapapʰa \ce ball \sd variations \dt 23/Oct/2011 \lx ʔapapitš \ps v \ge play (base)ball \de to play (base)ball \mr [<ʔapapʰ(a) (ball) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔapapʰa \ce ball \xv 1. hukʔapapitš \xe 'I am going to play ball (baseball).' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.310.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapapʰa \a ʔapàpʰ \a ʔapap \va (ʔapapʰ) \ps n \ge ball \de ball \ee This term not applied to 'shinney ball' \et *apapa \ec BOI ʼapʼap ‘ball,’ INZ ʼapap ‘ball,’ OBI tikʼul apapa‘ball’ (Klar 1977: 68) \cf ʔapapitš \ce to play (base)ball \cf tštakałʔapapʰa \ce gall (of a plant) \xv 1. lokaʔapapʰa \xe 'a ball' (such as a baseball to play with). \sd gaming \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.310.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔapapʰanəšmu \cf ʔapʰanəšmu \ce village; place where there are many houses \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapayək \ps n \ge large sweathouse \ge sweathouse, large \de large sweathouse \gn temescal (temascal) \dn temescal (temascal) \ee The large sweathouse had a door in the roof. See also Hudson & Blackburn (1986: 36 41). \cf ʔuqštilulu \ce small sweathouse \sd culture \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.304.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapətəʔəš \ps n \ge sole of foot \de sole of foot \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + apət (tread on; step on) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. tšutišihitš heʔišʔapətəʔəš sʔastipił \xe 'his footsole is thick' (said of barefoot Indian). \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.313.4, 314.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapətəš \ps n \ge pace \ge step \de pace; step \ee This is a measurement of distance, the number of paces one would have to take. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + apət (tread on; step on) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. ʔiškom̓ šaʔapətəš \xe 'two steps.' \sd common \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.315.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapətinaʔaš \cf ʔapətinaš \ce slope; ascent \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapətinaš \a ʔapətinaʔaš \va (ʔapətinaʔaš) \ps n \ge slope \ge ascent \de slope; ascent \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \sd geography \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.318.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapətwənmu \ps n \ge ladder \de ladder \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + apət (step on) + -wu (ϡ3nsg.objϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. hukapəti hesaʔapətwənmu \xe 'I am going to climb up the ladder.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.319.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx ʔapi \a ʔapí \a api \va (api) \ps prcl \ge hey \ge so \ge okay \ge well \de hey; so; okay; well; tell me more \gn á ver \dn á ver \xv 1. ʔapí saxtawasə̀ \xe 'so, tell me the truth.' \xv 2. ʔapi hukawsumu \xe 'hey, give me some so I can take a taste.' \xv 3. ʔapinitšmomonəš \xe 'see if it is complete.' \xv 4. nełkaʔaʔan api šuškuyit \xe 'how is it?' \xv 5. kʰqisə ʔapi niskəyəmi \xe 'I sight a long arrow to see if it is straight.' \xv 6. ʔapi nitšiyutʔuxš hałtšaqšanutš sikawayu \xe 'to see if they can smell the dead horse.' \xv 7. kasilikʔè kikasiqiliʔik loʔkasʔiwə̀ ʔapí nełtsalinetus \xe 'he sat [there] and looked with attention after his comrade to see how she got her prey.' \xv 8. kʰqisə ʔapi niskəyə́mi \xe 'I look (sight along arrow) to see if it’s straight.' \xv 9. hukiyapałhay ʔapi ʔasku hałʔałxałməkəʔə \xe 'let’s see which of us 3+ can jump the furthest.' \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.319.2-4; Travels16 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔapimešeš \ps n \ge guest \ge invited person \de invited person; guest \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + api-2 (ϡincepϡ) + mes (traverse; travel across) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf apimes \ce to invite \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. ʔapimešeš \xe 'he is invited.' \sd people \sd manners \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.329.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapišaʔaš \ps n \ge wood gathering strap \de wood gathering strap \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + apiʔiš (gather wood) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf apiʔiš \ce to gather wood \sd culture \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.331.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapišmu \ps n \ge firewood, place for \ge place for firewood \de place for firewood \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + apiʔiš (gather wood) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf apiʔiš \ce to gather wood \sd places \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.331.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapiwaš \cf ʔapwaš \ce old house \sd variations \dt 29/Jun/2018 \lx ʔapš \ps v \ge hot, be \de to be hot \ee See probable relationship to api 1 ‘INSTR.heat/fire.’ \cf tšʔapš \ce broth; juice; soup; milk \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \sd heat \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.181.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔapunitse \sc Rhinobatos productus \ps n \ge shovelnose guitarfish \ge guitarfish, shovelnose \de shovelnose guitarfish; shovelnose shark \gn guitarra (especie de tiburón) \dn guitarra (especie de tiburón) \ee Harrington glosses this as ‘shovelnose shark,’ another common name for the shovelnose guitarfish. The Spanish translation offered here is ‘guitarra.’ Harrington notes that this does not refer to the same shark as ͽʔonyoko. See also www.dfg.ca.gov. \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg (JPH; TJPH) \rf 71.57.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapwaš \a ʔapiwaš \ps n \ge old house \ge house, old \de old house \mr [<ʔap (house; living place) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \xv 1. ʔapʔinawayiwaš \xe 'very old house.' \xv 2. 1. ʔalasʔił hałʔapʔapwaʔaš ʔan neʔesixmenxmen lokasiyilikʔenutš kakukuʔu \xe 'maybe there were some old houses fallen down where people had lived.' \sd places \sd culture \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.334.4-335.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapʰa \ps v \ge build a house \ge house, build a \de to build a house \mr [<ʔap (house; living place) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔałʔapʰanəš \ce home owner; owner of a house \cf ʔapʰanəšmu \ce village; place where there are many houses \cf ʔalapʰanitš \ce resident; smn (living) in a house \cf ʔałtšapʰanəšmu \ce world \cf ʔapʰanəšmunwaš \ce ruined city; old rancheria \cf ʔapʰanitš \ce to live smwh \xv 1. tsʔapʰa \xe 'he makes a house.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukʔapʰa \xe 'I am going to make a house.' \xv 3. lokapistuk ʔan tsʔapʰpi lokapon̓ \xe 'the squirrel lived in the tree.' \xv 4. hesixus ʔan lositəptəpʰə kasʔap \xe 'the bear lives in the mountain.' \xv 5. tsʔapʰa šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun has a ring around it' (lit., ‘the sun is building his house’). \xv 6. tsʔapʰa saʔawhay \xe 'the moon has a ring around it' (lit., ‘the moon is making its house’). \xv 7. tsʔapʰá saʔawhay, hustuhuy \xe 'the moon has a ring around it, it is going to rain' (lit., ‘the moon is making its house, it is going to rain’). \sd common \sd places \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.300.4; 346.3-347.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapʰanəšmu \rd ʔapapʰanəšmu \a ʔapanəšmu \a ʔapʰanəšmù \va (ʔapanəšmu) \ps n \ge village \ge place where there are many houses \de village; place where there are many houses \mr [<ʔap (house) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ʔałtšapʰanəšmu \ce world \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \cf ʔapʰanəšmunwaš \ce ruined city; old rancheria \xv 1. ʔapanəšmu \xe 'the place where they have many houses.' \xv 2. hušnali loʔišʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'he is going to his village.' \xv 3. lokasihinwot lokaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'the captain of the village.' \xv 4. kikaskitwo lokaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'and she left the village.' \xv 5. nełpʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'which ranchería or village are you from?' \xv 6. yəlaʔa hešaʔapapʰanəšmu \xe 'all the villages.' \xv 7. kiyʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'our village.' \xv 8. tsʔił saʔapʰanəšmu ʔalałpay ka mišup \xe 'there is a world above and one below this world.' \xv 9. ʔapʰanəšmu mišup ; ʔapʰanəšmu ʔalałpay \xe 'the world below ; the world above.' \sd culture \sd places \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.346.4, 347.3, 348.1-349.3; 94.392.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapʰanəšmunwaš \ps n \ge ruined city \ge old rancheria \ge rancheria, old \de ruined city; old rancheria \mr [<ʔap (house) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -waš (ϡpstϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \cf ʔapʰanəšmu \ce village; place where there are many houses \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.346.4, 349.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapʰanitš \ps v \ge live smwh \de to live smwh \mr [<ʔap (house) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔapʰa \ce to build a house \xv 1. tšʔapʰanitš lokałʔəhə kasiwid \xe 'he lives in the seaweed.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.346.4, 349.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapʰpi \ps v \ge live in \de to live in \mr [<ʔap (house; living place) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \xv 1. lokapistuk ʔan tsʔapʰpi lokapon̓ \xe 'the squirrel lived in the tree.' \sd verbs \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.337.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔapʔaʔap \a ʔapʰʔaʔàp \ps n \ge house.REDUP \ge living place.REDUP \de house.REDUP; living place.REDUP \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \sd reduplications \dt 07/Dec/2012 \lx ʔaqišmonəš \ps n \ge done business \de done business \mr [] \cf aqismo \ce to assist financially \sd common \sd economics \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.20.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqitsuʔum \cf ʔaqitsʰuʔum \ce signal; sign; mark \sd variations \dt 01/Dec/2011 \lx ʔaqitsuum \cf ʔaqitsʰuʔum \ce signal; sign; mark \sd variations \dt 01/Dec/2011 \lx ʔaqitsʰuʔum \a ʔaqitsuʔum \a ʔaqitsuum \va (ʔaqitsuʔum, ʔaqitsuum) \ps n \ge signal \ge sign \ge mark \de signal; sign; mark \ee This is said of things put to show the way for somebody (such as a bough in the road, blazing of a tree, handkerchief hanging on a tree, etc). This term cannot be applied to bodily gestures. There is no such word as ͽhukaqitsʰumus. \cf aqitsʰuʔum \ce to be a sign; to be a signal; to make a sign; to make a signal; to mark smth \xv 1. huksinayus saʔaqitsʰuʔum lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to place a sign for the man.' \xv 2. huksinay saʔaqitsuum \xe 'I will put a signal.' \xv 3. musʔił tsaʔaqitsuum \xe 'there is no sign.' \xv 4. huksinayus ʔisʔaqitsuʔum lokaʔatʔaxatš, kihusqisə hešaʔaliyaš \xe 'I am going to a put a sign so that the man will know the road.' \sd common \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.402.2; 89.21.2-4, 22.3, 193.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqitšʔətšʔənəš \ps n \ge smth with a point \ge point, smth with a \de smth with a point \cf tsʔə \ce to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \cf tsʔətsʔə \ce to be sharp \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqi- () + tsʔətsʔə (be sharp) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \xv 1. lokaʔaqitšətšʔənəš \xe 'that which has a point.' \sd hunting \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.22.4 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx ʔaqiwo \rd ʔaqʔaqiwoʔo \ps n \ge star \de star \gn estrella \dn estrella \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaqiwo ‘star,’INZ ʼaqiwo, ‘star,’ OBI ʼaqʰlikʰ ‘star,’ PUY ʼaʼiwo ‘star’ (Applegate 1972; 193; Beeler & Klar 1977: 121; Whistler 1980: 3; Klar 1977: 119) \mr [<ʔaqiwoʔ>] \cf ʔaqiwoʔotš \ce to have many stars \xv 1. ʔaqiwo ʔi ʔalaxtaqimayə \xe 'evening star.' \xv 2. tsʔił ʔisʔaqiwo (Ϟor tšʔaqiwoʔotš) \xe 'it has many stars.' \xv 3. tsapiyam saʔaqiwo \xe 'a star falls.' \xv 4. ʔaqiwo heʔmilimoł \xe 'north star (Polaris).' \xv 5. ʔaqiwo ʔi xʔanxʔanwa \xe 'The Pleiades' (lit,. ‘stars of women’). \sd astronomy \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.87.2 ; 89.27.1-28.2, 140 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqiwoʔotš \ps v \ge stars, have many \de to have many stars \mr [<ʔaqiwoʔ (star) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔaqiwo \ce star \xv 1. tšʔaqiwoʔotš \xe 'it has many stars' (said of the American flag). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd meteorology \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.27.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqiyahan \ps v \ge overtake \ge come to \de to overtake; to come to \ee This means literally 'to correspond to' \xv 1. tsʔaqiyahanit \xe 'something overtakes me' OR 'something comes to me.' \sd verbs \sd motion \rf 89.16.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqkəyəmi \ph ˀɑqʰkǝjǝmɪ \ps v \ge straighten (arrow) in fire \de to straighten (arrow) in fire \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq- (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + kəyəmi (be straight)>] \cf ʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ce arrow straightener \cf kəyəmi \ce to be straight \xv 1. huksutapi hesinə kuhukaqʰkəyəmi \xe 'I am going to put [this stick] in the fire so that I can straighten it.' \sd culture \sd hunting \sd archery \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.29-30; 92.29.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \rd ʔaqʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ph ˀɑqʰkǝjǝmɪnɑˀɑʃ \ps n \ge arrow straightener \de arrow straightener \ee This was a certain kind of stone with grooves that was heated. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq- (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + kəyəmi (to be straight) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf kəyəmi \ce to be straight \sd tools \sd culture \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.29-30 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqkʔapəʔəš \ph ˀɑqʰk̕ɑpǝˀǝʃ \ps n \ge tweezers \ge tongs \ge pliers \ge smth long and thin that grasps items \de smth long and thin that grasps items; tweezers; tongs; pliers; chopsticks \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + kʔap (pinch between two items) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf aqkʔap \ce to pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \sd food \sd tools \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.33.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqləw \ps n \ge throat/neck \ge neck/throat \de throat/neck \mr swallow’ [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + ləw ()>] \cf ʔałtipʔaqləw \ce large-necked one \cf aqləw \ce to swallow; to ingest \cf aqləwə \ce to swallow; to ingest \cf tatʔaqləw \ce to grab by the throat \xv 1. sikʔaqləw \xe 'my throat.' \xv 2. ʔułyi ʔisʔaqləw \xe 'it has a long neck.' \xv 3. tsʔił ʔišmeš heʔisʔaqləw \xe '(the pelican) has a bag under his throat.' \xv 4. tsitsʔuqtsʔuqit hesikʔaqləw \xe 'I have sharp pains in my throat.' \sd anatomy \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.25.4-36.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqləwənəʔəš \ps n \ge gullet \ge Adam's apple \de gullet; Adam's apple \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + ləw () + -V (ϡvz.iϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf aqləw \ce to swallow; to ingest \cf aqləwə \ce to swallow; to ingest \xv 1. sikʔaqləwənə̀ʔə̀š \xe 'my gullet.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.36-37 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqməkə \ps n \ge upper back \ge back, upper \de upper back \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + məʔək (be far; be far away) + -V (ϡvz.i.redupϡ)>] \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \cf mət \ce back \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.38.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqmilaʔaš \a ʔaqmilaʔaš \ps n \ge drinking cup \ge cup, drinking \de drinking cup \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + mil (water) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf aqmił \ce to drink \xv 1. nelo kak’aqmilaʔaš \xe 'where is my drinking cup?' \xv 2. nełpsinay lokak’aqmilaʔaš \xe 'Where did you put my drinking cup?' \lg JPH; TJPH \sd food \sd water \sd common \rf 89.40 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqmu \a ʔaqmu \a ʔaqmun \va (ʔaqmun-) \ps v \ge jealous of, be \de to be jealous of \ee Harrington notes that ͽʔalataqmu, 'he is jealous,' is the general term used. Note the preference for using the VZ.PROP suffix ͽ-Vtš. \cf ʔalaqmunetš \ce smn/smth jealous of another/smth \xv 1. tšʔaqmunetš hesixʔanwa \xe 'the woman is jealous.' \xv 2. tsʔaqmunenił \xe 'he is jealous of you.' \xv 3. tšitows siyʔiyalaqmunetš \xe 'they bite, they are jealous' (final fricative of first word assimilated to first fricative of second word). \xv 4. ʔalaqmunetš \xe 'a jealous person.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.41.2; 92.41.1 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqnəpmu \ps n \ge where coras are made \ge coras are made, where \de where the old women get together and make coras \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + nəʔəp (make/weave a cora) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf aqnəʔəp \ce to make/weave a cora \sd culture \sd basketry \sd clothes \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.42.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqnipaʔaš \ps n \ge taste \de taste \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqni- (resemble) + ʔip (say; tell) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf aqniʔip \ce to have the taste of \xv 1. wašətš ʔisaqnipaʔaš \xe 'it has a good taste.' \xv 2. losikʔelew ʔan kałtsusamha ʔišʔaqnipaʔaš \xe 'my tongue senses taste.' \xv 3. ksusamha ʔišʔaqnipaʔaš \xe 'I sense the taste.' \sd food \sd common \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.48.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqniyəwus \ps n \ge abundance \de abundance \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqni- (resemble) + yəw2 (be good luck to) + -us (ϡaplϡ)>] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf aqniyəwus \ce to will; to desire \cf yəw2 \ce to be good luck to \xv 1. lokałʔaqniyəwus lošipʰpoš tsiwon loʔkapʔək \xe 'of the abundance of your heart, your mouth sounds.' \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 3.69.318.2/xutaš2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqsik \ps n \ge thong \ge strap \de thong; strap \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqsik (tie; apprehend)>] \cf aqsik \ce to apprehend; to tie; to imprison \xv 1. tsʔaqsik ʔisʔeqenmu \xe 'his/her thongs (guarache).' \xv 2. tsamaqsik \xe 'they got him and took him to prison.' \xv 3. tšiyaqšikšaši \xe 'the tendrils tie themselves.' \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.57-61, 119; Daughter2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqskʔatata \rd ʔaqʔaqskʔatata \ps n \ge split-stick \de split-stick \cf aqskʔatata \ce to clap (with split-stick) \xv 1. ʔałnəw ʔi ʔaqʰskʔatata \xe 'split-stick singer.' \xv 2. tsamaxinaʔał saʔaqskʔatata \xe 'they are dancing the split-stick dance.' \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.62.3-63 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqšanəʔəš \a ʔaqšanəš \va (ʔaqšanəš) \ps n \ge disease \ge epidemic \de disease; epidemic \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqša (die) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf aqša \ce to die \xv 1. tsyət saʔaqšanəʔəš \xe 'an epidemic came.' \xv 2. tskumit šaʔaqšanəš \xe '?I came down with an illness,' \xn 'me vino una enfermidad.' \xv 3. kitpen lokanawaʔaʔy ʔan tskumuswu tskumu šaʔaqšanəš lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'I remember that a long while ago the fishes got an epidemic.' \sd common \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.74.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqšanəš \cf ʔaqšanəʔəš \ce disease; epidemic \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqšəyəšmu \ps n \ge store house \de place where provisions were reserved/kept \mr [<ʔaqšəyəš () + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \sd places \sd food \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.393.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqšikšmu \ps n \ge place where things are tied on \de place where things are tied on \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqsik (apprehend; to tie; imprison) + -š (ϡipfvϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf aqsik \ce to apprehend; to tie; to imprison \xv 1. loʔisiʔaqsikmu katʔo \xe 'where the mussels are fastened on.' \sd places \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.60.3 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqšiwiłmu \ps n \ge dining place \ge place (table or floor) where meals are regularly eaten \de dining place; place (table or floor) where meals are regularly eaten \mr [<ʔaqšiwił () + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \xv 1. nełpiyʔaqšiwiłmu \xe 'where do you eat all the time.' \xv 2. nełpʔuwlilonutš \xe 'where did you eat [your meal]? \xv 3. hesitip ʔan tsʔił ʔiti šaʔaqšiwiłmu \xe 'the salt is where we eat.' \sd food \sd common \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.79.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqškutiwə \cf ʔaqškʔutiwə \ce friend \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqškʔutinay̓ \ps n \ge plaything \ge toy \de plaything; toy \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqšk- () + ʔutʔinay (baby (of breast))>] \cf ʔutʔinay̓ \ce baby (of breast) \xv 1. sikʔaqškʔutinay̓ \xe 'my toy.' \sd common \sd gaming \lg JPH \rf 89.81; 94.394.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqškʔutiwə \rd ʔaqʔaqškʔutiwəʔə \a ʔaqʰškʔutiwə̀ \a ʔaqškutiwə \a aqškʔutiwə \va (ʔaqškutiwə, aqškʔutiwə) \ps n \ge friend \de friend \mr [<ʔaqšk- () + ?ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + iwə (related to relationships)>] \sy ʔamiwu \cf ʔaqškʔutiwəš \ce to play with (smn or smth) \xv 1. kʔaqškʔutiwə \xe 'my friend.' \xv 2. tsiyakuhu sikʔaqʔaqškʔutiwəʔə \xe 'he has many friends.' \xv 3. laʔkʰan ʔisʔił sipʔaqškutiwəki husʰuyuwahanił ʔan husyət \xe 'when you have a confidential friend, if he/she wants you [then] he/she comes.' \sd people \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.82.1; Advice011 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqškʔutiwəš \ps v \ge play with (smn or smth) \de to play with (smn or smth) \mr [<ʔaqšk- () + ?ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + iwə (related to relationships) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔaqškʔutiwə \ce friend \xv 1. tšiyaqškʔutiwəšwu \xe 'they are playing with them.' \xv 2. kikasiyikuswu lokaqunqunup kuhušiyaqškʔutwəš \xe 'and they give him to the children to play with.' \sd gaming \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.82.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqtəpəš \a aqtəpəš \ps n \ge fire (as of wood stacked and burning) \de fire (as of wood stacked and burning) \gn lumbrada \dn lumbrada \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqtəʔəp (make a fire) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf aqtəʔəp \ce to make a fire (for) \xv 1. tšamšumay šiyʔitʔepeš lokaʔaqtəpàš \xe 'they threw chia into the fire.' \sd elements \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 89.92; 91.14.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqtəpmu \ps n \ge fireplace \de fireplace \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqtəʔəp (make a fire) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \sy sapiwiłmu \cf aqtəʔəp \ce to make a fire (for) \sd places \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.74.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqtəwəw \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqta- (ϡinstrϡ.air) + ?iwəw(ə) (be quiver; palpitate)>] \se I \ps n \ge wind \de wind \xv 1. lokaʔaqtəwəw ʔan tsaqtopoyhonwaš kaštapinə \xe 'the wind was blowing yesterday.' \xv 2. tšnunałwu saʔaqtəwəw sitsʔəmə \xe 'the wind carries the clouds.' \se II \ps v \ge windy, be \de to be windy \xv 1. tsaqtəwəw \xe 'it is windy.' \xv 2. tsaqləw saʔaqtəwəw \xe 'he is swallowing wind.' \sd meteorology \sd descriptions \sd common \sd elements \lg TJPH \rf 89.35.2, 89.93-95 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqtikʔoymu \ps n \ge place where people sun themselves \ge sun themselves, place where people \de place where people sun themselves \mr [] \cf aqtikʔoy \ce to sun; to take in sun \sd places \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.98 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqtšummu \ps n \ge loved one's place \de place (house) of a loved one \ee Note the geminate [m]. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + tšum (be good; be agreeable) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf aqtšum \ce to like; to take a liking to \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. hupnaʔał hałtsʔap lokapʔaqtšummu ! \xe 'go to the house of your loved one!' \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.111.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaquntukaš \a aquntukaš \va (aquntukaš) \ps n \ge smth knotted \ge knotted, smth \de smth knotted \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ?aqul- (ϡinstrϡ.separating) + tuk(ʔ) (be bent; have kinks) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf aquntuk \ce to knot; to tie a knot \xv 1. koxpot lokaʔaquntukaš \xe 'I untied the knot' (that anybody may have tied). \xv 2. koxpot lokakaquntuk \xe 'I untied the knot I tied.' \sd household \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.119.2, 4-120.1; 92.93.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaquwałmay \ps n \ge shadow \de shadow \ee Said of inanimate objects. \mr [] \cf ʔaqwətəy \ce shadow \cf aquwałmay \ce to shade; to cast shadow \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. huktapi heʔismaʔam sipon̓ kałʔaquwałmay \xe 'I am going to enter under the shadow of a tree to shade myself.' \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.128.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqwətəy \ps n \ge shadow \de shadow \ee Said of animate things. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqwətəy (cast a shadow)>] \cf ʔaquwałmay \ce shadow \cf aqwətəy \ce to cast a shadow \xv 1. hesikʔaqwətəy \xe 'my shadow' (shadow of the body on the ground, etc.). \xv 2. lawaliʔiʔin ʔisiwisə ʔialaqwətəy \xe 'as soon as they saw the shadow of him.' \xv 3. hukapaqtaha heʔisaqwətəy hekakʔap \xe 'I am going to place myself in the shade of my house.' \xv 4. tsqisə ʔisʔaqwətəy \xe 'he is looking at his own shadow.' \sd elements \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.132.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqwəyaš \cf ʔaqwəyəš \ce to be feathered (said of arrows) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqwəyəš \a ʔaqwəyaš \va (ʔaqwəyaš) \ps v \ge feathered (said of arrows), be \de to be feathered (said of arrows) \mr [<ʔaq- () + wəy () + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf aqwəy \ce to feather (arrows) \xv 1. neʔesʔaqwəyaš \xe 'it is already feathered.' \xv 2. ʔaqwəyəš \xe 'it is feathered (said of arrow).' \sd animals \sd birds \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.131.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaqyoyonəʔəš \ps n \ge Adam's apple \de Adam's apple \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq- (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + yoyo () + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \xv 1. sikʔaqyoyonəʔəš \xe 'my Adam's apple.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.29.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqʰkəkš \cf aqkəkš \ce to eat only a single kind of food, straight and unmixed with other things; to eat only one kind of food at a meal \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqʔaqiwoʔo \ps n \ge star.REDUP \de star.REDUP \cf ʔaqiwo \ce star \sd reduplications \dt 06/May/2011 \lx ʔaqʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ps n \ge arrow straightener.REDUP \de arrow straightener.REDUP \cf ʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ce arrow straightener \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaqʔaqskʔatata \ps n \ge split-stick.REDUP \de split-stick.REDUP \cf ʔaqskʔatata \ce split-stick \sd reduplications \dt 07/Jan/2011 \lx ʔaqʔaqškʔutiwəʔə \ps n \ge friend.REDUP \de friend.REDUP \cf ʔaqškʔutiwə \ce friend \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔas \ps n \ge mat \de mat \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼas ‘bench; chair; floormats,’ INZ ʼas ‘seat; mat’ (Whistler 1980: 4; SYBCI 2007: 78) \sy ʔalaskə \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔašiwaš \pde mat.DEPR \cf ʔašitš \ce to lie on a mat or bedding on the floor \cf ʔašiwaš \ce old mat \xv 1. huksuwaskə hesaʔas \xe 'I am going to tender this mat.' \xv 2. tsisinowonwu saʔas (Ϟor saʔalaskə) \xe 'they are standing up mats.' \xv 3. tsamełtsenpi saʔas (Ϟor saʔaskə) hešaaqšanutš kiyustsʔəmə \xe 'they wrap the body in a mat and bury it.' \xv 4. huksinowo hesaʔas kinwhupqisəmit \xe 'I am going to stand this mat up so that you will not see me.' \sd household \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.439.2; 92.180.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔasʔaskuʔu \ps n \ge somebody.REDUP \ge someone.REDUP \cf ʔasku \ce somebody; someone \sd reduplications \dt 26/Oct/2011 \lx ʔaseyte \ps n \ge oil \de oil \mr [] \xv 1. tšiqipš saʔaseyte hesilampara \xe 'this lamp is full of oil.' \xv 2. husisinay simakina kuhusisukitwo siʔaseyte \xe 'they are going to install a machine for getting oil.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH \rf 90.604.1; 92.182.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaskəkə \ps v \ge have incest with \de to have sexual intercourse with a relative; to cohabit with a relative \ee Harrington notes that this practice was not looked well on. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaskəkə \pde to have sexual intercourse with a relative.NZ; to cohabit with a relative.NZ \xv 1. kʔaskəkə \xe 'I have sexual intercourse with a relative' (second cousing or sister). \xv 2. laxula ʔalaskəkə hešaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I believe this man is sleeping with a relative.' \xv 3. kʔałʔaskə́kə \xe 'I live as man and wife with my first cousin or near relative.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.439.3-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔasku \a ʔaskú \rd ʔasʔaskuʔu \ps pro \ge somebody \ge someone \de somebody; someone \mr [<ʔas- () + ku (person)>] \xv 1. tsiwitwit hesikʰqo \xe 'my dog is barking.' \xv 2. tsiwitwitus hesikʰqo ʔalaʔasku \xe 'my dog is barking at someone.' \xv 3. ʔalaʔasku lulaqša \xe 'another is going to die.' \xv 4. ʔasku pi \xe 'who are you?' \xv 5. ʔasku lo \xe 'who is it?' \xv 6. ʔasku he \xe 'who is it?' \xv 7. ʔasku kaki \xe 'who is it?' \xv 8. ʔasku lokałmasəx kakuhkuʔu hałʔatʔaxatš \xe 'which of the three Persons is man?' \xv 9. ʔasku lałtšuyaqša \xe 'who is sick?' \xv 10. ʔasʔaskuʔu kałʔiyʔałtšuyaqša \xe 'who are sick?' \xv 11. tsʔip, “ʔaskúkù ʔałʔałkepkeʔep hekakʰkepmu?” kiwə munašištiyepušwaš hałtskumi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'he said, “Who is bathing in my pool?” For they had not told him of the arrival of the woman.' \xv 12. ʔaskusqo \xe 'whose dog is it?' \xv 13. ʔasku lyos \xe 'who is God?' \xv 14. mukpošʰotš ʔaskusqo \xe 'I don't know whose pet this is.' \xv 15. ʔasku palaqtšum \xe 'whom do you want?' (asked at election). \xv 16. hukiyapałhay ʔapi ʔasku hałʔałxałməkəʔə \xe 'let’s see which of us 3+ can jump the furthest.' \sd people \sd pronouns \lg TJPH \rf 89.138.4, 440.1-442.1; 92.185.1, 262.1; 94.198, 202 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔasukał \ps n \ge sugar \de sugar \mr [] \xv 1. ʔulamusʔił hałʔasukał ʔan əwəsamaqmił site \xe 'if it were not for the sugar, nobody would drink tea.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 91.119.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔašitš \ps v \ge lie on a mat or bedding on the floor \de to lie on a mat or bedding on the floor \mr [<ʔas (mat) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔas \ce mat \sy alaškətš \xv 1. tšiyalaškətš (Ϟor tšiyʔašitš) \xe 'they are sitting on or lying on a spread petate.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.171.3, 448.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔašiwaš \ps n \ge old mat \de old mat \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼas ‘mat’ (Whistler 1980: 70) \mr [<ʔas (mat) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔas \ce mat \sd household \sd culture \sd depreciatives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.448.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔašnəm \a ašnəm \va (ašnəm) \ps pro \ge when \de when \ee This pronoun is interrogative, and used to question the moment of time at which something occurred. \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ʼašnɨm ‘when’ (Applegate 1978: 176) \cf nawa \ce temporal particle \xv 1. ʔašnəm hupkuya \xe 'when will you turn your head and look backward?' \xv 2. ʔašnəm ʔipyəti maʔam \xe 'when did you come home?' \xv 3. ʔašnəm ʔipkuminutš \xe 'when did you arrive?' \xv 4. ʔašnəm huputʔaʔaw hałwə \xe 'when are you going to go hunting deer?' \xv 5. ʔašnəm huptšoho hapšuqonšpiyit, kikšatiwənitš, kʰšatiwəš šaʔatʔaxatš saʔałmaliʔiʔi lasitpenit \xe 'when will you cease to make fun of me? I who got married to a man who does not think of me even the least.' \sd pronouns \xv 6. ašnə̀m huštuhùy ; wasułkù \xe 'when will it rain? ; tonight.' \xv 7. ʔašnəm ʔišaqša loʔkapšaʔày \xe 'when did your daughter die?' \lg TJPH \rf 89.449.2-4; 90.17.3; 91.315.2; 92.660.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaštipilaʔaš \ps n \ge thickness \de thickness \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + astipił (be thick) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf astipił \ce to be thick \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.451.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatəšwə \a aʔtəšwə̀ \a ʔatišwə \va (ʔatišwə) \ps n \ge herb \ge dream \ge hope \ge charm \ge talisman \de herb; dream; hope; charm; talisman \cf ʔałʔatəšwənitš \ce one who uses herbs to heal/do good \cf ʔałtipʔatəšwə \ce smn who uses herbs/medicine to kill; sorcerer \cf ʔatəšwənəš \ce poison \cf ʔatəšwətš \ce to dream \cf alatəšwətš \ce to dream for some time \xv 1. neʔemusʔił kʔatəšwə \xe 'I have no hope any longer.' \xv 2. tsʔatəšwə ʔixšap \xe 'viper poison.' \xv 3. tsʔił sikʔatəšwənəš \xe 'I have my herb, poison' (Harrington notes that ' ʔatəšwə ' in this situation seems incomplete). \xv 4. hesikʔatəšwənəš \xe 'my herb, poison.' \xv 5. neʔemuštšum hešikpoš neʔemusʔił kʔatəšwə kəkš šikišnəwəš lułtiyək šikpoš \xe 'my heart is sad, I have no hopes, only our song will be in our hearts. \xv 6. tšiʔatišwə ʔipistuk, kuhušiyaqša \xe 'gopher poison.' \xv 7. tšʔatəšwə ʔi qonon \xe 'castor bean.' \sd religion \sd plants \sd culture \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 89.452.4-89.454.1, 457.4; Travels73 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔatəšwənəš \ps n \ge poison \de poison \mr [<ʔatəšwə (herb; charm; hope; dream; talisman) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔatəšwə \ce herb; dream; hope; charm; talisman \xv 1. hukuštipey šaʔatəšwənəš \xe 'I am going to poison these [oats].' \xv 2. tsiyeqwełwu siʔiyʔałpołkwowo ʔsewu ʔan tšiyuštipeš šaʔatəšwənəš \xe 'they make balls of tallow mixed with poison.' \sd culture \sd household \rf 89.454.2-455.1; 90.61.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatəšwətš \ps v \ge dream \de to dream \mr [<ʔatəšwə (herb; charm; hope; dream; talisman) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ʔatəšwə \ce herb; dream; hope; charm; talisman \cf alatəšwətš \ce to dream for some time \xv 1. no ʔan kʔatəšwətš \xe 'I am dreaming' ; 'I dreamed.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔatəšwətš kasułkuw \xe 'I was dreaming last night.' \xv 3. kasułku ʔan kʔatəšwətš lokakʔaliwə neʔešaqšanutš \xe 'last night I dreamed of a dead relative.' \xv 4. kasułku ʔan kʔatəšwətš sikumkumeliwaš, kumeł sikʔatəšwətš \xe 'last night I dreamt horrible things, my dream was bad.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd cognition \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.455.2-456.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatis \cf ʔatiš \ce to be in love \sd variations \dt 26/Oct/2011 \lx ʔatiš \rd atatiš \a ʔatis \va (ʔatis-, atis-) \ps v \ge love, be in \de to be in love \gn enamorado, ser \dn ser enamorado \ee Notice the change in translation when this verb is negated. \cf aqtšum \ce to like; to take a liking to \xv 1. tsatatisus lokaxʔanwa \xe 'he loves the woman.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔatisus sixʔanwa \xe 'I am in love with a woman.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔatiš \xe 'I am in love' (without saying who). \xv 4. no ʔan kʔalatiš \xe 'I am in love.' \xv 5. kamupiyʔatiš \xe 'that you have no hope.' \xv 6. no ʔan neʔemukʔatiš \xe 'I no longer have any hope.' \xv 7. ʔałʔatiš \xe 'one in love.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.173.1, 456.4-457.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔatʔamli \ph ɑt̕ɑmbli \ps v \ge go along a stream \ge wade \de to go along a stream; to wade \cf ʔanatʔam̓am \ce raccoon \cf ʔutʔam \ce river \cf atʔam \ce to wade along \xv 1. kʔatʔamli \xe 'I go along a brook or spring.' \xv 2. latšə ʔisatʔamli \xe 'it wades all the time.' \xv 3. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalatʔamli \xe 'a wading bird.' \xv 4. tsatʔamblì \xe 'it wades.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 89.458.3; 92.203.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔap \ps n \ge one who dwells below \de one who dwells below \mr [<ʔal̓- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔap (living place; house)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔatʔapliʔiš \ce east; down country; smn from the coast \cf ʔatʔapwima \ce Santa Rosa islander \cf šatʔap \ce to wash ashore (said of fish only) \cf tšʰatʔap \ce ocean debris (foam, dead fish, etc.) \xv 1. pakeʔet saʔatʔapmitsqanaqan \xe 'one Ventureño [person].' \xv 2. losiyʔiyʔatʔapmitsqanaqan \xe 'the people of Ventura.' \xv 3. tsʔił sinunašəš siyʔatʔap simuwu, tsaqniʔonyoko, ʔan xaxaʔax, ʔan yəlaʔa heʔisisʔamamə ʔan tšišošoy, kahe tsʔił ʔisisa \xe 'there is a sea animal which resembles a shark, it is big, all its body is black, and it has teeth.' \xv 4. tsamyikus susʔatʔap latšə heʔismaʔam hemišup \xe 'they gave him permission to live always below the earth.' \xv 5. loʔkatšumàš ʔan tšiyuštewè šuʔuxpaʔàš, kiloʔkaʔiʔatʔap miluk kałʔisəpuswu ʔisiwəł tsisunuwus ʔišukowowonəʔə̀š \xe 'the Chumash (islanders) used to harpoon the otter, but the mainland Indians taught them to shoot them with arrows.' \sd people \sd animals \sd culture \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.459.3-460.1; WeirA 11 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔatʔapliʔiš \a ʔatʔapliʔìš \rd ʔatʔapliliʔiš (ʔatʔaplilìis) \a ʔatapliʔiš \a ʔatʔapliʔìš \va (ʔatapliʔiš) \ps n \ge east \ge down country \ge smn from the coast \de east; down country; smn from the coast \mr [] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔatʔap \ce one who dwells below \cf ʔatʔapliliʔiš \ce Gabrielinos \xv 1. hekalutikuy ʔatʔapliʔiš \xe 'I face east.' \xv 2. ʔatapliʔiš kašnuna \xe 'he come sfrom the Orient (east).' \xv 3. ʔatʔaplilìis \xe 'those from below.' \sd directions \sd places \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.452.3, 460.2-461.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔapliliʔiš \a ʔatʔapliliis \va (ʔatʔapliliis) \ps n \ge Gabrielinos \de Gabrielinos \cf ʔatʔapliʔiš \ce east; down country; smn from the coast \sd people \lg JPH \rf 88.276.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔapliliis \cf ʔatʔapliliʔiš \ce Gabrielinos \sd variations \dt 06/May/2011 \lx ʔatʔapwima \ps n \ge Santa Rosa islander \de Santa Rosa islander \ee Word originally given without a glottal stop at the beginning. \mr [<ʔal̓- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔap (living place; house) + wima (Santa Rosa Island)>] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \cf ʔatʔap \ce one who dwells below \cf tšumaš \ce islander \cf wima1 \ce Santa Rosa Island \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.15.2} \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔaqatš \ps n \ge man.DIM \de small man \mr [<ʔatʔaxatš (man.ϡdimϡ)>] \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \sd diminutives \dt 03/Jul/2018 \lx ʔatʔatʔaxatš \ps n \ge man.REDUP \ge boy.REDUP \ge young man.REDUP \de man.REDUP; boy.REDUP; young man.REDUP \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔaxatš \rd ʔatʔatʔaxatš \rd ʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš \rd ʔatʔaxtʔaxatš \a atʔaxatš \ps n \ge man \ge young man \ge boy \de man; boy; young man \gn hombre \gn muchacho \dn hombre; muchacho \mr [<ʔal̓- (ϡnzϡ) + ʔax (bow) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔatʔaxatšwaš \pde man.DEPR \pdl n \pdv ʔatʔaqatš \pde man.DIM \cf ʔatʔaqatš \ce small man \cf ʔatʔaxatšwaš \ce old man \cf ʔax \ce bow \cf ataxatš \ce to be (a) man \xv 1. ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'man.' \xv 2. ʔatʔaqatš \xe 'little man.' \xv 3. qunup ʔi ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'male child.' \xv 4. ʔatʔaxatš ʔiqunup \xe 'male child.' \xv 5. ʔatʔaxtʔaxtš ʔiqunqunup \xe 'male children.' \xv 6. neʔekʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am a man already.' \xv 7. la ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'it is a man, no more.' \xv 8. hesikawayu ʔan tsʰunuqʰ hesaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'this horse carries a man on its back.' \xv 9. munakqišənwaš hałtsʔohoy hałʔalaxʔutʔu tšaqwin hešaʔatʔaxatš səʔəqəy \xe 'there is no other animal as envious as the rooster.' \xv 10. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan ka mitʔi ʔisihin yəlaʔa loʔkaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš heʔišup \xe 'this man is the smallest man in the world.' \xv 11. loʔkamitʔi kaʔatʔaxatš ʔan kaštə kitsepawit \xe 'the small man is named Kitsepawit.' \xv 12. kay ʔan ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'he is a man.' \xv 13. kay ʔan ʔatʔaxatšwaš \xe 'he was a man' (one understands that now he is an old man, no longer is ʔatʔaxatš). \xv 14. kay ʔan hušʔatʔaxatš \xe 'he will be a man.' \sd people \sd body \lg JPH \rf 69.14; 70.223.2; 89.458.1; 94.60 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔaxatšwaš \ps n \ge man.DEPR \de old man \mr [<ʔatʔaxatš (man.ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \sd depreciatives \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš \ps n \ge man.REDUP \ge young man.REDUP \ge boy.REDUP \de man.REDUP; young man.REDUP; boy.REDUP \ee This was said to be the best form of reduplication for this word. \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔaxtʔaxatš \ps n \ge man.REDUP \ge boy.REDUP \ge young man.REDUP \de man.REDUP; boy.REDUP; young man.REDUP \ee This was said to be a better form of reduplication for this word. \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatʔis \ps n \ge ?owner \de ?owner \xv 1. loʔkaʔatʔis sikuy loʔkaqowòtš ʔan ʔišʔalaʔtəšwə̀ sałʔeqenpi loʔkašaʔay slów̓ \xe 'the owner of the cooked salmon had in his mind something that tells him what became of the Eagle Daughter.' \sd people \lg TJPH \rf Travels52 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔatsʔatsʔəʔəs \ps n \ge facial hair.REDUP \ge beard.REDUP \de facial hair.REDUP; beard.REDUP \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatsʔəs \rd ʔatsʔatsʔəʔəs \a ʔatsəs \va (ʔatsəs) \ps n \ge facial hair \ge beard \de facial hair; beard \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼatsʼis ‘beard,’ CRZ časkiyew ‘beard; chin,’ INZ ʼac’ɨs ‘beard; whisker(s),’ ROS čacʼɨs ‘beard; chin’ PUY ʼatsʼəs ‘beard’ (Whistler 1980: 52; Beeler & Klar 1977: 64; SYBCI 2007: 31; Henry 2019 ms) \cf ʔatsʔəsi \ce to shave \cf ʔatšʔəšəʔəš \ce tweezers for plucking beard hair \cf ʔatšʔəšəš \ce to pull out beard hair \cf ʔatšʔəšitš \ce to have facial hair \cf ʔišuš \ce pubic hair \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \cf tsʔatsʔəs \ce fibers of amole \xv 1. kʔatsʔəs \xe 'my beard.' \xv 2. tsʔatsəs \xe 'its beard.' \xv 3. tsʔatsəs ʔi kuw \xe 'moss that grows on oak trees.' \sd anatomy \sd common \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.467.3-468.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔatsʔəsi \ps vt \ge shave \de to shave \ee Notice that this verb requires the use of a pronominal suffix. Also notice the appearance of 'n.' \mr [<ʔatsʔəs (facial hair; beard) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \cf konoqš \ce to cut (as with a knife) \xv 1. tsʔatsʔəsinus \xe 'he is shaving him.' \xv 2. tsʔatsʔəsinit \xe 'he shaved me.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.468.3; 90.7.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatša \ps n \ge ax \de ax \mr [] \sy winoqšəʔəš \xv 1. hesikʔátša ʔan tstsʔətsʔə \xe 'my ax is sharp.' \xv 2. lokaʔatša ʔan tskʔot \xe 'the ax is broken.' \sd tools \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.468.4-469.3; 92.211.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatškawəš \ps n \ge sin \ge mistake \de mistake; sin \gn pecado \dn pecado \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + atskaw (meet with accident) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf atskaw \ce to meet with an accident; to meet with an incident (good or bad) \xv 1. ʔatškawəš \xe 'a sin.' \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.469.4-460.2; 90.23.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatšʔatš \cf ʔaʔtšʔatš \ce magpie \sd variations \dt 08/Jul/2012 \lx ʔatšʔəšəʔəš \ps n \ge tweezers for plucking beard hair \de tweezers for plucking beard hair \ee These tweezers were made from the shell of a clam species. \mr [<ʔatsʔəs (facial hair; beard) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \sd body \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.470.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatšʔəšəš \ps v \ge pull out beard hair \de to pull out beard hair \mr [<ʔatsʔəs (facial hair) + ?-Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \xv 1. hukʔatšʔəšəš \xe 'I am going to pull out my beard hair.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.470.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔatšʔəšitš \ps v \ge facial hair, have \ge have facial hair \de to have facial hair \mr [<ʔatsʔəs (facial hair; beard) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \xv 1. wašwašətš ʔisʔaxʔaxwiʔi kinupan tšʔatšʔəšitš ʔan lašušʰo ʔispo \xe 'he dressed well and wore whiskers.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.470.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔawʔawhaʔay \ps n \ge moon.REDUP \ge month.REDUP \de moon.REDUP; month.REDUP \cf ʔawhay̓ \ce moon; month \sd reduplications \dt 27/Oct/2011 \lx ʔawalyente \ps n \ge liquor \de liquor \mr [] \xv 1. tsamseqpeyus lokamomoy hekaʔawalyente \xe 'take the momoy with the liquor.' \sd food \sd drink \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.471.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔawexa \ps n \ge bee \ge honeybee \de bee; honeybee \mr [] \xv 1. lokapałpaliʔi kasinikʰəntwunutš hesaʔawexa \xe 'the priests introduced bees here.' \sd animals \sd insects \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.471.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔawəyəš \ps n \ge roast meat \ge meat, roast \de roast meat \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + awəy (roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers)) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔuqtʔawəyəš \ce tortilla cooked on comal; smth baked on comal \cf awəy \ce to roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers) \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.472.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔawhayu \ps v \ge moon, be a good \de to be a good moon \mr [<ʔawhay̓ (moon) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf ʔawhay̓ \ce moon; month \xv 1. tsʔawhayu \xe 'there is a good moon.' \sd astronomy \sd verbs \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.475.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔawhay̓ \rd ʔawʔawhaʔay \ps n \ge moon \ge month \de moon; month \ee In the field notes this appears as ͽʔahway̓, but this transcription is more phonetic and perhaps the < hw> merely indicates voiceless [w̥]. \et *ʔahway̓ from ʔalh-way̓ ‘that which hangs’ \ec Compare BOI ʼaway̓ ‘moon,’ CRZ ʼawhay̓ ‘moon,’ INZ ʼaway̓ ‘moon,’ PUY ʼahwa ‘moon,’ OBI t-awaʼ ‘moon’ (Klar 1977: 91) \cf ʔawhayu \ce to be a good moon \xv 1. kəpə hesaʔawhay̓ \xe this month \xv 2. pakeʔet saʔahway̓ \xe 'one month.' \xv 3. mitʔi ʔi ʔawháy̓ \xe 'the moon is new.' \xv 4. mitʔi saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is small' (said of a phase of the moon). \xv 5. tswayani saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the new moon comes.' \xv 6. neeswey saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is already waning.' \xv 7. nee saxukumu saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is full.' \xv 8. hušiqipš saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is going to be full.' \xv 9. šaqša saʔawhay \xe 'the moon is eclipsed.' \xv 10. nee šnaʔał saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon has already gone.' \xv 11. tsʔapʰá saʔawhay, hustuhuy \xe 'the moon has a ring around it, it is going to rain' (lit., ‘the moon is making its house, it is going to rain’). \xv 12. nupan ʔi ʔawháy̓ \xe 'the moon is new.' \sd chronometry \sd astronomy \lg JPH \rf 89.43; 89.66-73, 473.2-475.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔawisele \ps n \ge sealife, small \de small sealife \ee This refers to small shellfish, small fish, etc. Also said to refer specifically to starfish. \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.119.1; 81.137.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔawtomobil \ps n \ge car \ge automobile \de car; automobile \mr [] \xv 1. kikakuliʔiš siʔawtomobil \xe 'I got in an automobile.' \sd borrowings \sd English \rf 3.91.370.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔawuxa \ps n \ge needle \de needle \mr [] \sy tipəšəʔəš \xv 1. hesikʔawúxa \xe 'my needle.' \xv 2. hukpuq hesikʔawuxa \xe 'I am going to thread my needle.' \xv 3. tswewek hesikʔkamisa ʔan hukxatʔaqsik kəwə musʔił kʔawuxa \xe 'my shirt is torn and I am goingto tie the hole together with string for I have no needle.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \lg TJPH \rf 90.331.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔax \rd ʔaxʔaʔax \ps n \ge bow \de bow \gn arco \dn arco \et *aqa \ec Compare BOI ʼax ‘bow,’ INZ ʼax ‘bow,’ OBI ʼaxa ‘bow,’ PUY ʼaq ⁓ ʼax̂ ‘bow’ (Klar 1977: 49, 51; Harrington 1986: 3.6.29.2) \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \cf ataxatš \ce to be (a) man \cf axatšəš \ce to go about with a bow \xv 1. hesaʔax ʔan kəkstsʰin \xe 'this bow is his.' \xv 2. lokakʔax \xe 'my bow.' \xv 3. ʔax ʔiʔitšʔašəʔəš \xe 'a bow, but one that is a toy.' \sd hunting \sd archery \sd tools \sd warfare \lg JPH \rf 89.350.4; 90.99.4-100.1 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxi \ps n \ge ʔaxi \de man who imitates women and does not do the work of men \ee This word denoted a man who imitated women and did not do the work of men. The person in the role of ͽʔaxi did not participate in anal sex. Consultant heard the word applied to old men undertakers at the mission and also to homosexuals men (men who lived with another man all the time and had anal sex). While homosexual activity does not seem to have been an original, defining feature of this social role, gravedigging was. \et *ʔaqiʔ \ec Compare INZ ʼaxi, OBI ʼaqiʼ (Klar 1977: 93) \sd culture \sd people \sd religion \lg JPH \rf 89.357.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxipeneʔeš \ps n \ge instrument for carving \ge carving, instrument for \de instrument for carving \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axipe (carve) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf axipe \ce to carve \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.369.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxipeneš \rd ʔaxʔaxipeneʔeš \ps n \ge smth carved \ge carved, smth \de smth carved \mr [] \cf axipe \ce to carve \xv 1. šaʔaxipeneš sipon̓ = sipon̓ šaʔaxipeneš \xe 'a carved board' (worked with hatchet, knife, or anything). \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.369.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxitšaʔaš \ps n \ge weapon (for war) \de weapon (for war) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axitš (war) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf axitš \ce to fight in war \xv 1. hukeqweł sipon̓ šaʔaxitšaʔaš \xe 'I am going to make a war club.' \xv 2. ya ʔiʔaxitšaʔaš \xe 'arrow for war.' \sd warfare \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.376.4-377.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxiwił \ps n \ge dance ground \de dance ground \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axi- (ϡinstrϡ.punctual) + wil (exist)>] \xv 1. lokaʔaxiwił ʔan tšamušwekey \xe 'the dance ground is swept.' \xv 2. neluʔamaxiwił \xe 'where are they going to have a dance?' \sd places \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.79.3, 377.3-378.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxiyeʔep \rd ʔaxʔaxiyeʔep \ps n \ge remedy \ge medicine \de remedy; medicine \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axi- () + yep (.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf axiyep \ce to cure \xv 1. wašətš ʔiyʔaxiyeʔep \xe 'it is a good remedy.' \xv 2. kisisyikus saʔaxʔxijeʔep kuhusitponi šikumkumeʔeł \xe 'and they gave her medicines that she might recover.' \xv 3. kikaqtiyepus lokaʔalipiwetš kaʔaxiyeʔep ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'I asked the drug clerk and he told me.' \xv 4. kispuwe saʔaxiyeʔep kikaksunúwus kʔuwe qaqš hesikyəwəš \xe 'I brought some medicine and he used it (y lo usé), but my hair fell out.' \xv 5. hesikʔaxiyeʔep \xe 'my medicine.' \xv 6. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \sd culture \sd common \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.358.3-89.360.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxkatəš \rd ʔaxʔaxkatəʔəš \ps n \ge leftovers (smn else’s) \de leftovers (smn else’s) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq- (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + kat () + -Vš (ϡnz.reslϡ)>] \ee This was said of food left by someone other than the speaker. \cf axkat \ce leftovers; swill \xv 1. tsiyikuswu simays kasaʔaxʔaxkatəʔəš sałneʔemuštšum \xe 'they feed them corn and swill.' \xv 2. hukʔuw saʔaxkatəš \xe 'I am going to eat the leftovers' (which others have left, not the ones I have left). \xv 3. hukʔuw lokakaxkat \xe 'I am going to eat what I have left.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.356.1; 89.383.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxlupep \rd ʔaxʔaxlupeʔep \ps n \ge stepchild \de stepchild \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + lu-2 (ϡinstrϡ.growing) + ?pep (picking action)>] \xv 1. hesikʔaxlupep \xe 'my stepchild (male or female).' \xv 2. lokakʔaxʔaxlupeʔep \xe 'my stepchildren.' \sd kinship \lg JPH \rf 88.10.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxnamanam \ps n \ge ?famine \de ?famine \sd food \sd chronometry \lg JPH \rf 89.388.2 \dt 21/Oct/2018 \lx ʔaxpilił \rd ʔaxʔaxpiliʔił \ps n \ge nerve(s) \ge sinew \ge root \de nerve(s); sinew; root; (bow)string \et *pilhil \ec Compare BOI ʼaxpil̓il ‘nerve,’ CRZ aqpilil ⁓ caqpilil(i) ‘bowstring,’ INZ ʼaxpilil̓ ‘nerve,’ OBI c-qspiłhi ‘nerve,’ PUY ʼax̂pili ‘nerves’ (Klar 1977: 100-101; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \cf ʔaxpililetšpi \ce to be rooted to; to be attached by fibrous matter \cf šaʔaxpililetš \ce to make sinew-back bow \cf tsʔaxpilił \ce sinew (of an animal); bowstring \xv 1. kʔaxpilił \xe 'my sinews.' \xv 2. no ʔan kšutišihitš hesikʔamamə kasikʔaxpilił \xe 'I make all the muscles of my body tense and sinews.' \xv 3. tsʔaxpilił ʔiwə \xe 'deer sinew.' \xv 4. lokasʔaxpilił kaxaʔax \xe 'the principal/tap root' (of a plant). \xv 5. huksuquntiqnowowo heʔisʰintsʔaxpilił hekaktaliw \xe 'I am going to shorten my bowstring.' \sd archery \sd hunting \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.393.3-394.3 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxpililetšpi \ps v \ge rooted to, be \ge attached by fibrous matter, be \de to be rooted to; to be attached by fibrous matter \mr [<ʔaxpilil (sinew) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ) + -pi (ϡapl.locϡ)>] \cf ʔaxpilił \ce nerve(s); sinew; root; (bow)string \cf šaʔaxpililetš \ce to make sinew-back bow \xv 1. tšaxpililetšpi sixəp \xe '[mussel] is sinewed to rock' ; '[the tree] is rooted to the rock.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd plants \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.394.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxsił \ps n \ge bite \de bite \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + sil (related to biting)>] \cf axsił \ce to bite \xv 1. tšamnaqša loʔisʔaxsił kaxšap \xe 'they die of rattlesnake bite.' \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.399.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxšəw \rd ʔaxʔaxšəʔəw \ps n \ge intestines \ge innards \ge umbilical cord \de intestines; innards; umbilical cord \gn tripa \dn tripa \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaqšiw̓ ‘gut,’ INZ ʼaqšʼəw̓ ‘intestines,’ PUY ʼaqšə ‘guts; intestines’ (SYBCI 2007: 533; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \xv 1. hešikʔaxʔaxšəʔəw (Ϟor ͼhešikʔaxšəw) \xe 'my intestines.' \xv 2. hukispuweʔe ʔišʔaxšəw \xe 'I am going to buy beef intestines.' \xv 3. tšʔaxšəw \xe 'the intestines.' \xv 4. tšqonoqš ʔišʔaxšəw lokaqunup \xe 'he cut the navel cord of the child.' \sd anatomy \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.404.3-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxšəyəšmu \ps n \ge larder \ge keep \de larder; keep \ee This means a place where provisions are kept or guarded. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axšə (?guard/keep) + -y (ϡepthϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf axšəyəʔəš \ce ?to store smth \cf axšə \ce ?to guard; ?to keep \xv 1. kašnikʔoliní loʔkašʔaxšəyəšmu \xe 'he returned to his larder.' \sd food \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.402.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxšilaʔaš \ps n \ge fangs \de fangs \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + sil (related to biting)>] \cf ʔaxsił \ce bite \cf axsił \ce to bite \xv 1. lokašʔaxšilaʔàš ʔan xaxxaʔàx loʔištəpəq kasʔił loʔkałʔamnaqʰšà \xe 'its fangs are big, and it is its roots [where the poison is] by which one dies.' \sd animals \sd reptiles \lg TJPH \rf 71.234.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxtakəš \ps n \ge smth roasted on coals \ge roasted on coals, smth \de smth roasted on top of coals \ee This was said of certain shellfish. \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axtaʔak (roast on top of coals) + -Vš (ϡnz.reslϡ)>] \cf axtaʔak \ce to roast on top of coals (as was done to certain shellfish) \xv 1. kaxtaʔak sitʔo \xe 'I am going to roast mussel on top of hot coals.' \xv 2. neʔeʔaxtakəš \xe 'they are done roasting on the coals.' \sd food \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 89.408.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxtatapəš \ps n \ge islay \de islay \cf šukuyaš \ce boiled islay; anything boiled \xv 1. hukuštiney šiʔaxtatapəš hesipiloxoł \xe 'I am going to mix islay and beans.' \sd food \sd plants \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 81.93.2; 90.526 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxtəməmənəʔəš \ps n \ge bullroarer \de bullroarer \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aq-1 (?ϡinstrϡ.mouth) + təməmə () + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf axtəməmə \ce to buzz \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.414.3-4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxunpes \ps n \ge mosquito \de mosquito \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaxulpeš ‘fly,’ INZ ʼaxunpes ‘fly; housefly’ (Whistler 1980: 6; SYBCI 2007: 97) \xv 1. lokaʔaxunpes ʔan tsʰuwakʔaywu lokaštum hesoʔo kasiyeqwełtšəši ʔiskontskoniʔin \xe 'the mosquitoes lay their eggs on the surface of the water and the eggs turn into worms.' \xv 2. lakʰan ʔisʔəhə saʔaxunpes ʔan hukiyaxtəʔəp hemaʔam, hukisitowitš kikaypi kimuhusitapi \xe 'when there are lots of mosquitoes they build a fire indoors and make a smoke so that they won’t enter.' \sd animals \sd insects \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.500.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxupayəš \cf ʔaxʔupayəš \ce pile of earth outside a (gopher) hole \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxwi \rd ʔaxʔaxwiʔi \ps n \ge clothes (daytime) \ge chamois leather \de (daytime) clothes; chamois leather \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1985: 33 37). This term was more common (outside of the Ventura area) than iswəxə. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ’axwi’ ‘clothes; garments,’ and PUY ’ax̂wi ‘blanket’ (Whistler 1980: 6; Henry ms.) \sy iswəxə \cf axwi \ce to be covered \xv 1. ʔisiyʔaxʔaxwiʔi \xe 'their dresses.' \xv 2. kʔaxʔaxwiʔi \xe 'my clothes.' \xv 3. hesikʔaxwi \xe 'my daytime clothes.' \xv 4. hesikʔalaxwi \xe 'my bedclothes, the blankets on my bed that I use for putting over me in the night time only.' \xv 5. meš ʔi ʔaxwi \xe 'buckskin purse.' \xv 6. ʔaxwi ʔi wə \xe 'deerskin hide skirt.' \xv 7. musʔił pʔaxwi \xe 'you do not have clothes.' \xv 8. musʔił hałʔaxwi \xe 'no there are no clothes.' \xv 9. psaxwinus lokałmusʔił tsʔaxwi \xe 'thou shalt clothe the naked.' \xv 10. huksuwaya hesaʔaxwi ʔiti ʔi šluqay \xe 'I am going to hang this clothing on the fork.' \xv 11. wašwašətš ʔisʔaxʔaxwiʔi kinupan tšʔatšʔəšitš ʔan lašušʰo ʔispo \xe 'he dressed well and wore whiskers.' \xv 12. lokayumyumaʔa ʔan naštəʔəʔə musʔił tsiyʔaxwi \xe 'the Yuma do not wear clothes yet.' \xv 13. kanawa skitwo lokaxʔanwa ʔan tšnuxiliwəłtš kəwə musʔił hałtsʔaxwi \xe 'when the woman had gotten out of the water she felt ashamed because she was naked.' \xv 14. tsxenti, musʔił tsʔaxwi \xe 'he is gentile, he has no clothes.' \xv 15. tskuwiłpi lokasʔaxʔaxwiʔi \xe 'it looks well on him.' \xv 16. wašətš ʔisʔaxʔaxwiʔi \xe 'he is dressed finely.' \sd clothes \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.168.3; 92.173.2-175.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxwititinaʔaš \ps n \ge stick, throwing \ge throwing stick \de throwing stick \ee Used for hunting rabbits and small game (Hudson & Blackburn 1982: 133 135). \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axwititi (throw a stick of wood) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf axwititi \ce to throw a stick of wood \xv 1. ʔaxwititinaʔaš \xe 'stick that is thrown.' \sd tools \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.178.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxʔaʔax \ps n \ge bow.REDUP \de bow.REDUP \cf ʔax \ce bow \sd reduplications \dt 07/May/2011 \lx ʔaxʔaxipeneʔeš \ps n \ge smth carved.REDUP \de smth carved.REDUP \cf ʔaxipeneš \ce smth carved \sd reduplications \dt 07/May/2011 \lx ʔaxʔaxiyeʔep \ps n \ge remedy.REDUP \de medicine.REDUP \cf ʔaxiyeʔep \ce remedy; medicine \sd reduplications \dt 14/Nov/2010 \lx ʔaxʔaxkatəʔəš \ps n \ge leftovers (smn else’s).REDUP \de leftovers (smn else’s).REDUP \cf ʔaxkatəš \ce leftovers (smn else’s) \sd reduplications \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔaxʔaxlupeʔep \ge stepchild.REDUP \de stepchild.REDUP \cf ʔaxlupep \ce stepchild \sd reduplications \dt 04/Jul/2018 \lx ʔaxʔaxpiliʔił \ps n \ge nerve(s).REDUP \ge (bow)string.REDUP \ge sinew.REDUP \ge root.REDUP \de nerve(s).REDUP; sinew.REDUP; root.REDUP; (bow)string.REDUP \cf ʔaxpilił \ce nerve(s); sinew; root; (bow)string \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxʔaxšəʔəw \ps n \ge intestines.REDUP \ge innards.REDUP \ge umbilical cord.REDUP \de intestines.REDUP; inards.REDUP; umbilical cord.REDUP \cf ʔaxšəw \ce intestines; innards; umbilical cord \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxʔaxwiʔi \ps n \ge (daytime) clothes.REDUP \ge chamois leather.REDUP \de (daytime) clothes.REDUP; chamois leather.REDUP \cf ʔaxwi \ce (daytime) clothes; chamois leather \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaxʔupayəš \a ʔaxupayəš \va (ʔaxupayəš) \ps n \ge pile of earth outside a (gopher) hole \de pile of earth outside a (gopher) hole \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + axʔu- (ϡinstrϡ.marginally) + pay (related to verticality) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf axʔupay \ce to cast earth into a pile outside a (gopher) hole \xv 1. lokaʔaxʔupayəš \xe 'the earth by the hole' (already cast out). \sd animals \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.169.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔaya- \ps pre \ge ANI \de prefix with animals \ee This prefix in ϡinzϡ is also only used with animals. Glossed as ϡaniϡ. \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ʼayu- (Applegate 1972: 196) \cf ʔayaʔkʰa \ce (any) small spider; octopus \cf ʔayapələlə \ce coffee shell; cowrie \cf ʔayatulutuł \ce butterfly \cf ʔoyoso \ce bumblebee \cf maxsayaʔkʰa \ce spiderweb \cf yahəł \ce red snake (species) \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd animals \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔayaʔka \cf ʔayaʔkʰa \ce (any) small spider; octopus \sd variations \dt 04/Mar/2018 \lx ʔayaʔkʰa \a ʔayakʰa \a ʔayaʔka \va (ʔayaʔka, ʔayakʰa) \ps n \ge spider, (any) small \ge octopus \de (any) small spider; octopus \mr [<ʔaya- (ϡaniϡ) + (ʔ)kʰa ()>] \cf ktut \ce spider; tarantula \cf maxsayaʔkʰa \ce spiderweb \xv 1. lokasmaxsayaʔkʰa kaʔayaʔkʰa \xe 'the web of the spider.' \xv 2. tsoqʰloqʰ saʔayaʔka \xe 'that which one chews.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd insects \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 89.10.2; 92.6.2; 92.688.2 \dt 04/Jul/2018 \lx ʔayapələlə \ps n \ge coffee shell \ge cowrie \de coffee shell; cowrie \mr [<ʔaya- (ϡaniϡ) + pələlə ()>] \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd shellfish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.30.1; 70.145.1; 81.135.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔayatulutuł \ps n \ge butterfly \de butterfly \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼayatulutul ‘butterfly,’ INZ ʼayatulutul, ‘butterfly’ (SYBCI 2007: 100; Whistler 1980: 6) \mr [<ʔaya- (ϡaniϡ) + tulutul ()>] \xv 1. tštum ʔi ʔayatulutul \xe 'butterfly egg; butterfly cocoon.' \xv 2. ʔayatulutuł ʔi alixwalilikʰ \xe 'yellow and black swallow-tail butterfly.' \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.41.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔayuhwat \cf ʔayuwhat \ce small winnowing basket \sd variations \dt 28/Oct/2011 \lx ʔayuwhat \a ʔayuhwat \ps n \ge small winnowing basket \ge winnowing basket , small \ge basket , small winnowing \de small winnowing basket \ee This was a coiled, tray shaped basket no more than 14 in. (35 cm.) in diameter used for winnowing or parching seeds (Hudson & Blackburn 1983: 132 144). The dialectal form ͽʔewhey̓ refers to the same item. \cf ʔewhey̓ \ce small winnowing basket \cf yəw1 \ce large winnowing basket \xv 1. lokaku ʔan tsʔił ʔisiʔayuwhat \xe 'the people had their small winnowing baskets.' \sd culture \sd basketry \sd household \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.10.3; 92.7.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔayuwi \ps n \ge turtledove \de turtledove \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 72.358.1-360.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔe \ps inter \de -meaning uncertain- \ee An interjection the Ventureño use. \sd interjections \lg JPH \rf 88.26.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx -ʔe- \ps vroot \ge of digging into \de of digging into \cf ʔalušʔeš \ce badger \cf ʔeqʔem̓u \ce killer whale \cf ušʔe \ce to scratch the surface of \cf ušʔeš \ce to dig (with hands or instruments) \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔehʔehehe \ps v \ge whinny.REDUP \de to whinny.REDUP \ee Cannot be said of laughing. \mr [] \cf ehehe \ce to whinny \xv 1. hesikʰkawayu ʔan tsʔehʔehehe \xe 'my horse is whinnying.' \sd onomatopoeia \sd verbs \sd animals \sd mammals \sd husbandry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.343.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔeł \rd ʔełʔeʔeł \ps n \ge necklace \de necklace \gn soguilla \dn soguilla \et *ʔel̓ \ec Compare BOI ʼel̓ ‘necklace,’ INZ ʼel̓ ‘necklace,’ OBI tel̓e ‘necklace’ (Klar 1977: 100) \mr [<ʔel̓>] \cf ʔetʔetš \ce to wear a necklace \cf itsʔele \ce clitoris \cf tsiyełʔiku \ce bead(s) \xv 1. hesikʔeł \xe 'my necklace.' \xv 2. hukeqweł sikʔeł \xe 'I am going to make a necklace.' \xv 3. lokakʔeł ʔišnuxš sitšwiw \xe 'my necklace of bird beaks.' \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.504.2-505.2; 92.364.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔełʔeʔeł \ps n \ge necklace.REDUP \de necklace.REDUP \cf ʔeł \ce necklace \sd reduplications \dt 28/Dec/2010 \lx ʔełʔeleʔew \ps n \ge tongue.REDUP \de tongue.REDUP \cf ʔelew \ce tongue \sd reduplications \dt 07/Dec/2010 \lx ʔela \ps n \ge threshing floor \de threshing floor \mr [] \xv 1. lokaʔela \xe 'the threshing floor.' \sd food \sd agriculture \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.505.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔelelespuh \ps n \ge salamander species \ge ?water dog \ge dog, ?water \de salamander species; ?water dog \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼel̓elespu ‘salamander; water dog’ (Whistler 1980: 8) \ee These were said to be like lizards, but they live in the water. They came out and sunned themselves. Some were green. There was a belief that they swam up one’s anus while one was bathing. \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + ?es- () + puh (hand/arm; useful hand)>] \cf pu \ce hand/arm; useful hand \sd animals \sd amphibians \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.266.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔelełmes \a ʔelełmès \ps n \ge other side \de other side \ee This is said of said the side of a body of water that separates two places. Harrington notes that this form cannot be used with the proximal demonstrative ͽhe . However, in of his examples the form exists. \mr [] \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼenemes ‘island,’ INZ ʼelemes ‘across (from); on the other side (of),’ PUY ’elełmes ‘other side’ (Whistler 1980: 67; SYBCI 2007: 113) \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. mesimesli heʔelełmes \xe 'they do not go to the other side' (to the islands or rivers). \xv 2. loʔelełmes \xe 'the other side of the river.' \xv 3. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tsalinowo loʔelełmes hesuʔutʔam \xe 'the man was on the other side of the river.' \sd geography \sd nature \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.506.4-89.507.2; WeirC5 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔelelu \ps n \ge blacksmith \de blacksmith \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan kʔelelu \xe 'I am a blacksmith.' \xv 2. tsʰapitsʔə lokasʔeqenmu, kinupan tsaqsumu niwašətš ʔan munašwašətš kišʰutapiniʔiy hesinə kikasitete \xe 'he heats the horseshoe and tries it on and if it does not yet fit well he heats it again and hammers it.' \xv 3. huknunaluʔus hesikʰkawayu lokaʔelelu, kuhusʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tskeseqenus heʔismaʔam ʔištoy̓ kinupan kasʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tšwišutapinwu siklawus lokasʔeqenmu \xe 'I am going to take my horse to the blacksmith, he is going to shoe him, he cuts away the part under the hoof and nails the shoe on.' \sd people \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd animals \sd husbandry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.508.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔelew \rd ʔełʔeleʔew \ps n \ge tongue \de tongue \et *ʔelhew̓ \ec Compare BOI ʼel̓ew ‘tongue,’ INZ ʼelew ‘tongue,’ OBI ʼełhew(ʼ) ‘tongue’ (Klar 1977: 113) \cf eqmelew \ce to lap; to lick \cf eqtelew \ce to stick out one's tongue \cf eqtšelewutš \ce to stick out one's tongue \xv 1. sikʔelew \xe 'my tongue.' \xv 2. tsʔelew \xe 'his tongue.' \xv 3. losikʔelew ʔan kałtsusamha ʔišʔaqnipaʔaš \xe 'my tongue senses taste.' \xv 4. tsʰukitwo ʔisʔelew \xe '[the snake] sticks his tongue out.' \xv 5. tsaxsəw hesikʔelew \xe 'my tongue.' \xv 6. tšteqpey hesikʔelew \xe 'I am tongue-tied.' \xv 7. tsʔił ʔišʔaqšik hesikʔelew \xe 'I have my tongue tied.' \sd anatomy \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.508.4-510.2, 510-511.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔeleweseʔe \ps n \ge starfish \de starfish \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 70.88.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔełtse \a ełtse \va (ełtse) \ps v \ge wrap up \ge wind upon \ge up, wrap \ge upon, wind \de to wrap up; to wind upon \gn liar \dn liar \cf ʔełtšeʔeš \ce bundle \xv 1. kełtse \xe 'I wrap it.' \xv 2. hukełtse (he)kakʰpon̓ \xe 'I am going to tie up my wood (to carry home).' \xv 3. tsamʔeltse heʔisʔəł \xe 'they wrapped his leg.' \xv 4. hešimiyaš ʔan hukełtsenpi hesipon̓ \xe 'I am going to wind this string on this stick (as on a reel).' \xv 5. huksinay ʔiti kuhukełtse kuhukušiqom \xe 'I am going to put it here, wrap it up and keep it.' \xv 6. huksinuyus ʔiti kinupan hukʔełtse \xe 'I put it on it here and then I am going to wrap it up' [said of putting a feather on an arrow]. \xv 7. ʔełtsè ! \xe 'lash or tie it!' ; 'wind string aroung it!' \sd verbs \sd archery \lg JPH \rf 89.512.2-513.3, 517.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔełtšeʔeš \ps n \ge bundle \de bundle \mr [<ʔeltse (wrap up; wind upon) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔełtse \ce to wrap up; to wind upon \xv 1. ʔełtšeʔeš ʔimexmey̓ \xe 'a bundle of junco.' \xv 2. masəx šeʔełtšeʔeš sipon̓ \xe 'three parts of wood.' \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.513.4-514.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔełyepi \ps n \ge cliff \de cliff \xv 1. kikasamʔipił miluk ʔełyepi \xe 'and they tell you to go by the cliffs.' \sd geography \lg TJPH \rf 89.241.1 \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔełyewun \cf ʔełyewun̓ \ce swordfish \sd variations \dt 15/Feb/2012 \lx ʔełyewun̓ \a ʔełyewun \va (ʔełyewun) \ps n \ge swordfish \de swordfish \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼelyewʼun ‘swordfish,’ INZ ʼeleyewun ‘swordfish’ OBI ʼeleyewu(ʼ) ‘swordfish’ (Klar 1977: 19) \ee There is a note that swordfish “are like people” \xv 1. tšitšʔemetšeš ʔi ʔelyewùn \xe 'enemy of swordfish' (a way of referring to the killer whale). \sd animals \sd ocean \sd food \sd fish \sd nature \lg KK \rf Klar 1977: 19 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔemetšeš \a emetšeš \va (emetšeš) \ps n \ge soldier \ge warrior \ge war \de soldier; warrior; war \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼem̓ečeš ‘army; enemies’, CRZ emečeš and mexik ‘enemy,’ INZ ʼem̓ečeš ‘warrior; soldier; war’ (Whistler 1980: 8; Beeler & Klar 1977: 87; SYBCI 2007: 114) \cf itšʔemetšeš \ce to be the enemy of \xv 1. hešeʔemetšeš \xe 'these soldiers.' \xv 2. tšiyaxitš seʔemetšeš \xe 'the soldiers are fighting.' \xv 3. tsqisqisənwu ʔishinemetšeš lokawot \xe 'the captain is inspecting or reviewing the soldiers.' \xv 4. nawaʔaʔay ʔan tšʔiłwaš šeʔemetšeš, tšiyaxitš lokeʔemetšeš neʔesʔəhə siku saliyaqša \xe 'before there was a great war, the soldiers fought in the war, many died.' \xv 5. lokawuki kalutiyək lokawot ʔan tsamwisumeleweʔe \xe 'they sent the boat that the captain was on down to the bottom with blows.' \sd warfare \sd people \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.376.3, 514.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔemleweni \ph ʔɛmblɛwɛni \ps n \ge snake(s) (general term) \de snake(s) (general term) \ee Listed under “snakes” in semantic slipfiles. Fernando Librado noted that this term might also include lizards. \xv 1. loʔkaʔemlewenì ʔan musʔił tsʔəł \xe 'snake has no legs.' \xv 2. tspowipowi loʔkaʔemlewenì ʔišnaʔał \xe 'the snake wriggles when it goes.' \xv 3. tsʔyət loʔkaʔemleweni kašnehet loʔkamasəx šaʔapətàš loʔištəpəq kapon̓ kispiłnowò tsʰwatiwiłpi loʔkapon̓ kikasxoyòyò \xe 'the snake comes as [far as] three paces from the trunk of the tree, jumps, and sticks against the tree and flies.' \sd reptiles \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.189.1-194.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔenekwetete \ps n \ge duck (small species) \de duck (small species) \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ʼalikweteteʼ ‘duck species’ (SYBCI 2007: 45, 504) \ee Described as whitish from the bill down to the bell with a greyish and black blended color on the back. It can be found at the mouth of the Venturea River. Smaller than the domestic pigeon. \xv 1. lokaʔenekʰwetetè ʔan tsʔespet ʔišnuxš \xe 'the ___ duck has a broad bill.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.442.1-2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔenhešeš \ps n \ge spirit (of the dead) \ge soul \de spirit (of the dead); soul \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + enhes (breath; spirit; pulse) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \sd mythology \sd spirituality \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.519.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔepsu \rd ʔepʔepsuʔu \ps n \ge basket hat \ge hat, basket \de basket hat \ee Old women put these hats on their heads when they went to fetch wood so that the cord of the carrying net would not hurt their forehead. \cf ʔałʔepšunitš \ce hatted person \cf ʔepšunetš \ce to wear a hat \xv 1. tšʔił ʔišwaqšik hesikʔepsu \xe 'my hat it has designs on it.' \xv 2. hesikʔepšuniwaš \xe 'my basket hat.' \xv 3. ʔałʔepšunitš \xe 'hatted person.' \xv 4. tšʔił ʔišwaqšik hesikʔépsu \xe 'my basket hat has designs on it.' \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 89.821.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔepš \ps n \ge hair (head) \de hair (head) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔepšiwaš \pde hair (head).DEPR \cf ʔepšiwaš \ce hair \cf ʔepšutš \ce to have much hair \cf ʔišuš \ce pubic hair \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.521.4; 94.385.2 \dt 04/Mar/2018 \lx ʔepšiwaš \ps n \ge hair \de hair \ee There is no indication that this word means something different from ͽʔepš. \mr [<ʔepš (hair (head)) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔepš \ce hair (head) \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \xv 1. tšʔepšiwaš \xe 'his hair.' \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.385.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔepšunetš \ps v \ge wear a hat \ge hat, wear a \de to wear a hat \mr [<ʔepsu (basket hat) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔałʔepšunitš \ce hatted person \cf ʔepsu \ce basket hat \xv 1. tšʔepšunetš \xe 'he is wearing a hat.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔepšunetš \xe 'I have a hat on.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.522.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔepšutš \ps v \ge have much hair \ge hair, have much \de to have much hair \mr [<ʔepš- (hair (head)) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔepš \ce hair (head) \xv 1. tšʔepšutš \xe 'he has much hair on his head' (can be said of a man or woman). \sd body \sd verbs \rf 89.523.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔepʔepsuʔu \ps n \ge basket hat.REDUP \de basket hat.REDUP \cf ʔepsu \ce basket hat \sd reduplications \dt 04/Jul/2018 \lx ʔeqelepešuʔu \ph ˌˀɛqɛlɛpɛˈʃʊˀʊ \ps n \ge land slug \ge slug, land \de land slug \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.82.2 \dt 03/Apr/2015 \lx ʔeqenmu \ps n \ge sandal, flat-heeled \ge flat-heeled sandal \de flat-heeled sandal with a section above made of woven leather strips \ee Harrington translates this word as 'guarache,' but it seems that this is either a misspelling or an archaic spelling as 'huarache' is now the preferred spelling. \cf ʔeqenmuʔun \ce to put on flat-heeled sandals \cf ʔeqenmuʔutš \ce to have flat-heeled sandals on \cf sapatu \ce shoe \xv 1. musʔił tsʔeqenmu \xe 'he has no flat-heeled sandals' (i.e., he is barefoot). \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.485.4-; 94.394.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeqenmuʔun \a ʔeqenmun \a eqenmun \va (ʔeqenmun, eqenmun) \ps v \ge put on flat-heeled sandals \de to put on flat-heeled sandals \mr [] \cf ʔeqenmu \ce flat-heeled sandal with a section above made of woven leather strips \xv 1. tsʔeqenmunit \xe 'he put on my huaraches.' \xv 2. hukeqemuʔun \xe 'I am going to put on my huaraches.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \sd routine \lg JPH \rf 89.486.2-487.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeqenmuʔutš \ps v \ge have flat-heeled sandals on \ge sandals on, have flat-heeled \de to have flat-heeled sandals on \mr [<ʔeqenmu (flat-heeled sandal with an upper section of woven leather strips.ϡredupϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔeqenmu \ce flat-heeled sandal with a section above made of woven leather strips \cf šapatunitš \ce to put shoes on \xv 1. tšʔeqenmuʔutš \xe 'he has flat-heeled sandals.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.486.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeqenmun \cf ʔeqenmuʔun \ce to put on flat-heeled sandals \sd variations \dt 07/May/2011 \lx ʔeqpʔe \a eqpʔe \rd ʔeqtsʔeqpʔeʔe \va (eqpʔe) \ps n \ge patella \ge kneepan \de patella; kneepan \xv 1. hesikʔeqpʔe \xe 'my kneepan.' \xv 2. tsʔeqʔpe \xe 'kneepans.' \xv 3. tsʔeqtsʔeqpʔeʔe \xe 'kneepans.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 89.492.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔeqtsʔeqpʔeʔe \ps n \ge patella.REDUP \ge kneepan.REDUP \de patella.REDUP; kneepan.REDUP \cf ʔeqpʔe \ce patella; kneepan \sd reduplications \dt 05/Mar/2011 \lx ʔeqweleš \rd ʔeqʔeqweleš \a eqweleš \va (eqweleš) \ps n \ge work \ge labor \ge fruit \de work; labor; fruit \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + eqwel (make) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \xv 1. musisaxkuyus lokaʔeqweleš \xe 'have no confidence in work/labor.' \xv 2. lakumeliwaš ʔiyʔeqweleš \xe 'it is bad work.' \xv 3. kikawašətš lokapeqweleš sipmaʔam \xe 'and the fruit of thy womb.' \xv 4. lokaʔeqʔeqweleš ʔimiserikordia ʔan kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \xe 'the works of misery are fourteen.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.502.1-503.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeqʔem̓u \ps n \ge killer whale \ge whale, killer \de killer whale \ee May also refer to Risso’s dolphin. Also referred to as ͽtšitšʔemetšeš ͽʔi ͽʔelyewun, ‘enemy of swordfish’ \mr ?[<ʔaq-2 (ϡfrmϡ) + ʔe (of digging into) + -ʔ (ϡfgϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \sd mammals \sd ocean \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.804.2-812.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeqʔeqweleš \ps n \ge work.REDUP \ge labor.REDUP \ge fruit.REDUP \de work.REDUP; labor.REDUP; fruit.REDUP \cf ʔeqweleš \ce work; labor; fruit \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔes \ps v \ge weave openwork \ge openwok, weave \de to weave openwork \ee May be used of weaving ͽʔoyóy or ͽtsaya. \cf ʔešeʔeš \ce mat \cf meqseʔes \ce to weave smth \cf meqšešeš \ce woven mat \xv 1. kʔes \xe 'I weave openwork.' \xv 2. hukʔes sitsaya \xe 'I'm going to weave a large gathering basket/leeching basket.' \sd verbs \sd basketry \rf 89.529.4-530.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔesmu \sc Juncus acutus; Juncus effuses \ps n \ge rush, spiny \ge spiny rush \ge bog rush \ge rush, bog \de spiny rush; bog rush \ee These rushes were used in the construction of water baskets (ͽʔušʔem̓), beach baskets (ͽʔoxoy), and large gathering basket/leeching basket (ͽtsaya) (Timbrook 2007: 99 101). \sd basketry \sd plants \sd nature \lg JT; TJPH; JPH \rf 81.58.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔespʔet \a ʔespet \a espetʰ \ps v \ge flat, be \ge broad, be \de to be broad; to be flat \ee Harrington notes that this verb often has connotations of breadth. \cf ʔałʔespʔet \ce palm of the hand \cf nuxš \ce nose \cf taneʔespʔet \ce to be somewhat flat (i.e., to be somewhat rough); to have uneven surface \xv 1. xəp ʔi ʔałʔespet \xe 'broad rock or slab of rock.' \xv 2. xəp ʔi ʔałʔespet \xe 'he is snub-nosed' (referring to the shape of the nose). \xv 3. tsʔespʔet loʔismət \xe 'it has a flat back.' \xv 4. lamuštəʔəʔən tsʔespʔet \xe 'it is not very broad.' \xv 5. tšʔespet \xe 'it is shallow' (said of a ladle). \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.174; 89.151; 94.329.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔestufa \ps n \ge stove \de stove \mr \xv 1. hukuškeʔey hesiyʔestufa, hukwatšʔəʔəw losuʔušʔušwekeyeš \xe 'I am going to throw this stove away at the rubbish pile.' \sd kitchen \sd instruments \sd household \lg TJPH, JPH \rf 91.506.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔešeʔeš \ps n \ge mat \de mat \mr [<ʔes (weave openwork) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔes \ce to weave openwork \cf meqšešeš \ce woven mat \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.532.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔetetš \cf ʔetʔetš \ce to wear a necklace \sd variations \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx ʔetʔetš \a ʔetetš \a etetš \va (ʔetetš, etetš) \ps v \ge wear a necklace \ge necklace, wear a \de to wear a necklace \mr [<ʔel̓ (necklace) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔeł \ce necklace \xv 1. hukʔetʔetš \xe 'I am going to put my necklace on.' \xv 2. hukʔetetš sitsiyéł ʔiku \xe 'I am going to wear beads as a necklace.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔetʔetš; (Ϟor Ϟbetter no ʔan kʔetʔetšeš) \xe 'I have a necklace on.' \xv 4. 1. tšʔetetš sitsiyeł ʔiku \xe 'she has beads/necklaces on.' \xv 5. tšiyʔetʔetšwu \xe 'they wear skins as necklaces.' \xv 6. ʔałetʔetšeš \xe 'they have necklaces.' \xv 7. kʔetʔetš ʔišpunwaš sixus \xe 'I put on a necklace [with] a bear’s front paw.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.533.1-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔetse \cf ʔetsʰe \ce to sneeze; to snort \sd variations \dt 08/May/2011 \lx ʔetsʰe \a ʔetse \va (ʔetse) \ps v \ge sneeze \ge snort \de to sneeze; to snort \sy ʔetsʰum \xv 1. no ʔan kʔetse \xe 'I sneeze.' \xv 2. mukpošʰotš hałkʔalaqikʔik kilatšə sikʔetsʰe \xe 'who knows what disturbs me that makes me sneeze.' \xv 3. tsʰetsʰe ͼ[sic.] \xe 'he snorts/sneezes' (said of a horse). \sd onomatopoeia \sd animals \sd body \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.534.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔetsʰum \ps v \ge breathe \ge snort \ge sneeze \de to snort; to breathe; to sneeze \ee Variant of ͽʔetsʰe. \sy ʔetsʰe \xv 1. kʔetsʰum \xe 'I sneeze.' \sd body \sd common \sd onomatopoeia \lg JPH \rf 89.534.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔewe \sc Sphyraena argentea \ps n \ge California barracuda \ge barracuda, California \de California barracuda \ee This is the word used in the dialect of Ojai. \sd fish \sd animals \sd dialects \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.11.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔewhey̓ \ps n \ge small winnowing basket \ge winnowing basket , small \ge basket , small winnowing \de small winnowing basket \ee This was a coiled, tray shaped basket no more than 14 in. (35 cm.) in diameter used for winnowing or parching seeds (Hudson & Blackburn 1983: 132 144). This is the dialectal term for Mitsqanaqan̓ ͽʔayuwhat. \cf ʔayuwhat \ce small winnowing basket \cf yəw1 \ce large winnowing basket \cf yuqtsʔewhe \ce to draw one's belly in \xv 1. hesikʔewhey̓ \xe 'my basket.' \sd household \sd basketry \sd food \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 89.535.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeyʔeyuʔus \ps n \ge ?wart.REDUP \ge type of sore.REDUP \ge sore, type of.REDUP \cf ʔeyus \ce type of sore; ?wart \sd reduplications \dt 03/Jul/2018 \lx ʔeye \ps v \ge shine \ge glint \de to shine; to glint \xv 1. tsip tsʔeyewu heʔištəq hesaʔałmaxuyułkuw, lakʰan ʔisyułtʔul ʔan tsoxkonono \xe 'his eyes shine in the dark and when he gets mad he makes a cry.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd light \lg TJPH \rf 92.696.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeyus \rd ʔeyʔeyuʔus \ps n \ge ?wart \ge sore, type of \de type of sore; ?wart \gn mescinos \dn mescinos \ee This denotes a type of skin lesion, probably warts. \cf ʔeyušitš \ce to have warts \xv 1. lokasʔeyʔeyuʔus \xe 'his warts.' \xv 2. tsʔił sikʔeyus \xe 'I have a wart.' \xv 3. ʔəhə sikʔeyus \xe 'I have many warts on my body.' \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.344.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔeyušitš \ps v \ge have warts \ge warts, have \de to have warts \mr [<ʔeyus (wart) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔeyus \ce type of sore; ?wart \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.480.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəhə \a əhə \rd ʔəhəʔəʔə \va (əhə) \ps adj \ge many, be \ge much, be \de to be many; to be much \et *equ \ec Compare BOI ʼɨxɨ ‘many; much,’ CRZ ʼinuhuč ‘many; much,’ INZ ʼɨhɨ ‘many; much,’ OBI ʼexu ⁓ ʼequ ‘many; much’ (Klar 1977: 26) \cf axʔəhəʔəʔən \ce to glut; to consume inordinately \cf ləhəʔən \ce to grow up in bunches \cf tanəʔəhə \ce to be(come) more \xv 1. ʔəhə ʔisʔəł \xe 'it has many legs' (said of a lobster). \xv 2. ʔəhə ʔišʔałtšum \xe 'he is rich.' \xv 3. ʔəhə ʔišwaqšik \xe 'it has different colors' (said of a rainbow). \xv 4. ʔəhə šikišnuxš \xe 'I have lots of fleas on my nose.' \xv 5. ʔəhə ʔi tsʰowtsʰów \xe 'there are many hills.' \xv 6. ʔəhə ʔi šukepeš \xe 'many baptized ones.' \xv 7. ʔəhə sulam ʔuw \xe 'there is a lot of food.' \xv 8. ʔəhə siku šałʔiyoxonəšpi \xe 'many feared her.' \xv 9. ʔəhə sikʰintštəp hesikʔamamə \xe 'I have lots of fleas on my body.' \xv 10. ʔiyʔałʔałtšumitš ʔəhə ʔišiyʔałtšum, \xe 'they are rich men.' \xv 11. ʔəhə šikaqskutałputš \xe 'he thinks of many things' (like a crazy person). \xv 12. ʔəhə šiqowotš ʔišiyuliʔiš \xe 'there were many salmon they caught.' \xv 13. tšʔapʰanitš lokałʔəhə kasiwid \xe 'he lives in the seaweed.' \xv 14. payikʔulʔəhə hałtšisaxsił \xe 'one caught as many as he wanted to.' \xv 15. lakanawa sʔəhə witšʔeqeš ʔan kušpen \xe 'only when the chips accumulate, do I brush them aside.' \xv 16. lokoʔoyoso ʔan munatštə khusʔəhə \xe 'the bumblebees are not found in great numbers.' \xv 17. hesikawkawiyaʔa ʔan ʔiyʔałtšik ʔan ʔəhə \xe 'the Kawiya are a louse-y tribe' (This is solely the opinion of the original consultant, and may originally have been given only as a syntactic example and or humorously. This example does not reflect the opinions of past and living Chumash, nor does it reflect the opinion of the author). \xv 18. wašətš ʔi šup kaypi kisʔəhə sulamʔuw \xe 'it is a good year and therefore there is a lot of food.' \xv 19. ʔəhəʔəʔə kisʰuwał kinomnomoywu lokaʔikmen̓ \xe 'there are lots of them so that the waves roll them around.' \xv 20. heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan ʔəhə ʔisʰin tštəp \xe 'this dog has a lot of fleas.' \xv 21. lokoʔoteł kałmušpiwetš ʔan kałʔəhə šipštə \xe 'a cheap hotel has a lot of lice.' \xv 22. lakʰan susəhə sukʔalustʔey ʔan muhukyətini naxyət \xe 'if I have a lot to do, I will not return tomorrow.' \xv 23. no ʔan musiyʔuwit hałtštəp, payikʔula ʔəhə hałtštəp lokaxayanəš ʔan musiyʔuwit \xe 'fleas don’t bite me, no matter how fleay the bed is they don’t bite me.' \xv 24. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə saʔalaxəwəł hemitsqanaqan yəlaʔa heʔišup, kasiməy ʔan ʔəhənwaš, latšʔilitš kisiyamtiʔiy šaʔapʰanəšmu, kałʔəhəʔəʔə šałʔisuwuswu šaʔatəšwənəš kilokalamwəłwu ʔan katanimitʔi \xe 'in early times there were lots of coyotes at Ventura in the hills and there were lots of wolves, sometimes they came down to the town, the people poisoned more than they shot.' \xv 25. tsamsutiqipus loʔiswałwaʔał tsamsunuwus siyop \xe 'the holes of the abalone shell are plugged with tar.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd common \sd adjectives \rf 89.271.3, 537.1-544.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəhəʔəʔə \ps v \ge many.REDUP, be \ge much.REDUP, be \de to be many.REDUP; to be much.REDUP \cf ʔəhə \ce to be many; to be much \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔək \ps n \ge mouth \de mouth \et *ʔVk \ec Compare BOI ʼɨk ‘mouth,’ CRZ ʼɨč ‘mouth,’ INZ ʼɨk ‘mouth,’ OBI ʼɨč, ʼɨtʸɨ ‘mouth,’ PUY ʼək ‘mouth,’ ROS ok ‘mouth’ (Klar 1977: 99; Beeler & Klar 1977: 67; Harrington 1986: 3.6.18.2) \cf ʔəkəʔəš \ce grass stuffed in mouth \xv 1. sikʔək \xe 'my mouth.' \xv 2. ʔisʔək \xe 'mouth' (of a basket, etc.). \sd anatomy \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.545.2-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəkəʔəš \ps n \ge grass stuffed in mouth \de grass stuffed in mouth \mr [<ʔək (mouth) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔək \ce mouth \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.546.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəł \a ʔəl \va (ʔəl) \rd ʔəłʔəʔəł \ps n \ge foot/leg \ge leg/foot \de foot/leg \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼɨl̓ ‘leg,’ CRZ nim-el ‘whole leg,’ INZ ʼɨl̓ ‘foot, leg’ PUY ʼəł ‘leg’ (Whistler 1980: 68; SYBCI 2007: 165; Beeler & Klar 1977: 102; Klar 1981: 880; Harrington 1986: 3.6.19.1) \cf aləʔəł \ce one at the feet of \cf aləʔəłpi \ce to lie with one’s feet towards \xv 1. kapʔəłʔəʔəł \xe 'thy two legs.' \xv 2. ʔułyi ʔi sʔəł \xe 'long-legged one.' \xv 3. tšulišit hesikʔəł \xe 'I have gotten my foot tangled with something when swimming.' \xv 4. tsapətit hesikʔəł \xe 'he/she stepped on my foot.' \xn 'me pisó en el pie.' \xv 5. tsapinit hesikʔəł \xe 'he cauterized my leg.' \xv 6. kikasiyamli loʔisʔəł silamesa \xe '(the lice) descended the leg of the table.' \xv 7. heʔsixʔanwa ʔulʔulyi ʔi sʔəł \xe 'this woman has long legs.' \xv 8. no ʔan hukapətił losipʔəł \xe 'I am going to tread on your foot.' \xv 9. tsamaqsik heʔispu ka loʔisʔəł \xe 'they tied his hands and feet.' \xv 10. lokatuq ʔan tštəkəkʰə heʔisʔəłʔəʔəł \xe 'the grass-hopper has rough legs.' \xv 11. ʔiseqenwaš ʔan tseqpeyus ʔisʔəł siqunup \xe 'its track is like the footprint of a child.' \xv 12. hukʰwatšʔəw hesiklapis \xe 'I am going to kick this pencil.' \xv 13. lokaqʔanwa ʔan tsalotoyi heʔisaləʔəł lokašmamawaš, \xe 'the girl is lying at the feet of her grandmother.' \xv 14. lokaʔišʔaluleqpey kasʔəłʔəʔəł ʔan kałtsunuwus ʔišapałhay \xe 'his two rear legs he uses to jump with.' \xv 15. kʔolotəš hesikʔəł \xe 'my leg has gone to sleep.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.111.4; 89.311.4, 546.3-549.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəłʔəʔəł \ps n \ge foot/leg.REDUP \ge leg/foot.REDUP \de foot/leg.REDUP \cf ʔəł \ce foot/leg \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəmə \a əmə \a ʔəmə́ \a ʔəmə̀ \va (əmə) \ps v \ge mute, be \de to be mute \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼɨmɨ ‘to be dumb, mute,’ CRZ ɨmɨ ‘to be dumb (mute),’ INZ ʼɨmɨ ‘to be dumb, mute,’ PUY ʼəmə ‘to be mute’ (Whistler 1980: 12; Beeler & Klar 1977: 86; SYBCI 2007: 166; Harrington 1986: 3.6.1700.1) \mr [<ʔəməh>] \cf ʔəməhə \ce to be quiet \cf atsʔəməmə \ce to shut one's mouth; to close one's mouth \cf səʔəməhə \ce to hush; to make quiet \xv 1. no ʔan kʔəmə (Ϟor no ʔan kʔałʔəmə) \xe 'I am mute.' \xv 2. muwašəʔəʔətš lokalamʔipʰpi ʔan yəlaʔa lokatšotšonəʔəš ʔan tsiyəmə \xe 'I don’t believe what they say about fishes being mute.' \xv 3. lokahoti ʔan ʔəmə \xe 'the cormorant is mute.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.549.3-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəməhə \ps v \ge quiet, be \de to be quiet \mr [<ʔəməh (be mute) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf ʔəmə \ce to be mute \cf səʔəməhə \ce to hush; to make quiet \xv 1. ʔəməhə ! \xe 'shut up!' \xv 2. huksəʔəməhə \xe 'I am going to hush the child up when crying (said of children only).' \sd language \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.534.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəqəy \a ʔəxəy \va (ʔəxəy) \ps n \ge quail \ge chicken \ge domestic fowl \ge fowl, domestic \de quail; chicken; domestic fowl \gn codorniz \dn codorniz \xv 1. munasuyanaxyət kisiyiqon lokaʔəqəy \xe 'the chickens sing early.' \xv 2. tšišołxoyoyo lokaʔəqəy \xe 'the quails fly up.' \xv 3. kqišqišənwunwaš šiʔišʔatʔaxtʔaxatš səʔəqəy, pakeʔet ʔan xaʔax kilokatsʔohoy ʔan tanimitʔi, kʰanwa ʔišʰuyoʔoš lokamitʔi lokaxʔanwa kəʔəqəy ʔan tsmaqutinaʔał lokaxaʔax kištitap lokatanimitʔi \xe 'I used to see roosters, one was big and one smaller, when the little one wanted a hen the big one came running and chased the little one away.' \xv 4. ʔəqəy ʔi xenti (Ϟor ʔəxəy ʔi xenti) \xe 'quail.' \xv 5. tšišołxoyoyò lokaʔəqəy ka xenti \xe 'the quail fly up' (with a humming sound). \xv 6. tsʔipʰ, "takakà" \xe 'it [the quail] says, "takaka" ' (said of the male quail). \xv 7. loʔkaʔatʔaxatš kaʔəqəy ʔan tštšuxìtš \xe 'the male quail has a crest.' \xv 8. tšiʔišmòtš səʔəqəy sixenti \xe 'a flock of quail.' \xv 9. ʔəqəy ʔi ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'rooster.' \xv 10. ʔəqəy (Ϟor ʔəqəy) ʔi xʔanwa \xe 'hen.' \xv 11. ʔanapiqe (Ϟor ʔanapiqe ʔi ʔəqəy) \xe 'chick.' \xv 12. tštum ʔi ʔəqəy \xe 'chicken egg.' \xv 13. ʔəqəy ʔi šukepeš \xe 'chicken' (the full specification). \xv 14. tsʰmaqʰtuù suʔułku kisiwon lokaʔəqəy \xe 'in the middle of the night the rooster crows.' \xv 15. tsʔip kakakaka. lokaʔəqəy ʔan tšaxšəšwu lokaštałtałhəw \xe 'she [the hen] says, “kakakaka.” the hen calls her chicks.' \xv 16. huktaktəwu hesikʔəqəy pakpakeʔet kilakayukšušexenwu \xe 'I am going to kill of my chickens one by one until I get rid of them .' \xv 17. kəpə ʔan neʔemuksuyasinayiʔiy hałʔeqey, tsiyʔuw siksələyət, tšiyušxaxš hekakʰintaštaʔaš, musʔił hałkaxkat kimusʔił lukałyikuswu \xe 'I am not going to keep chickens any longer, they eat my siembras and scratch up my plants and I have no swill to give them.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd husbandry \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.445.1-454.1; 89.546.2; 91.93.3; 92.277.1 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəw \rd ʔəwʔəʔəw \ps n \ge knife \ge sword \ge blade \de blade; knife; sword \gn cuchillo \dn cuchillo \et *ʔiw \ec BOI ʼɨw ‘to cut,’ CRZ qiʼiw ‘knife,’ INZ ʼɨw ‘knife,’ OBI ʼɨwɨ(ʼ) ‘to cut,’ PUY ʼəhwə ‘knife’ (Klar 1977: 94; Harrington 1986: 3.6.29.2) \cf ʔəwə \ce to cut \cf ʔəwənəš \ce cut; scratch; scar \xv 1. tsalitakʔuy ʔisʔəw \xe 'he has his sword in his hand.' \xv 2. lokasʔəw xwan ʔan mustsʔətsʔə \xe 'John's knife is dull.' \xv 3. hesəʔəw ʔan ʔiškom̓ ʔisʔałtsʔətsʔə \xe 'this knife is double-edged.' \sd household \sd tools \sd warfare \lg JPH \rf 89.550.2-551.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəwʔəʔəw \ps n \ge blade.REDUP \ge knife.REDUP \ge sword.REDUP \de blade.REDUP; knife.REDUP; sword.REDUP \cf ʔəw \ce blade; knife; sword \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəwə \ps v \ge cut \de to cut \et *-iwa \ec Compare BOI ʼiwawan ‘to cut,’ CRZ ʼewe ‘needle,’ INZ ʼiwawan ‘to cut,’ OBI ʼɨwɨ ‘to cut’ (Klar 1977: 17) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ʔəwətšəši \pde to cut.REFL.CPLV \cf ʔəw \ce blade; knife; sword \cf ʔəwənəš \ce cut; scratch; scar \xv 1. kʔəwə \xe 'I cut a person with a knife.' \xv 2. kʔəwətšəši \xe 'I cut myself with a knife.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔəwə \xe 'I cut it.' \xv 4. ʔiškom̓ ʔisʔəwə \xe 'he gave him two cuts.' \xv 5. ʔəhə ʔisʔəwə heʔiskəw kaheʔispu \xe 'he has a lot of cuts on his arm and chest.' \xv 6. ʔiyʔałʔəwətš \xe 'they are cutting.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.550.3-553.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəwə- \a əwə- \va (əwə-) \ps vpre \ge NEG.IRR \de negative irrealis verb prefix \ee Glossed as NEG.IRR. \xv 1. ʔulasmusʼił hałʔaskuał ʔan əwəsamaqmił site \xe 'it were not for the sugar, nobody would drink tea.' \xv 2. ʔulamuʔəhə hałtsʔixip, ʔan ʔəwəlasməkənli hałtšpelonušaʔaš \xe 'if he did not earn a lot he would not go so far to shear.' \xv 3. ʔəwə laʔpsalaqʰwaʔay watšʔəw̓, neʔiknisełqe \xe 'I wish you could fix it' (lit., you would not make it suitable to throw away, [but that] you have already broken it to pieces.) \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd mood \lg TJPH \rf 89.691.1; 92.725.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəwək \ps n \ge surffish (?surf perch) \de surffish (?surf perch) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼɨw̓ɨk ‘surf fish; mojarra’ (Whistler 1980: 12) \ee May refer to the surf perches (family Embiotocidae). \xv 1. hukʰšaxšiʔiłtš səʔəwək \xe 'I am going to fish for surffish (?surf perch).' \sd animals \sd ocean \sd fish \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 71.82.1; 90.733.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔəwənəš \rd ʔəwʔəwənəʔəš \ps n \ge cut \ge scratch \ge scar \de cut; scratch; scar \mr [<ʔəwə (cut) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡnz.reslϡ)>] \cf ʔəw \ce blade; knife; sword \cf ʔəwə \ce to cut \xv 1. ʔəwənəš \xe 'he is cut/marked' (said of a man, but could also be said of a carpenter's mark on a piece of wood). \xv 2. tsaqniʔił hekakʔəwənəš \xe 'I have my scar here.' \xv 3. tsaqniʔił lokašʔəwənəš \xe 'the mark of the cut was left.' \xv 4. neʔesitpeni lokasʔəwʔəwənəʔəš \xe 'he is already healed of the cuts.' \xv 5. neʔemusaxniʔił (Ϟor musaxniʔił) lokašʔəwənəš \xe 'there is now no longer any scar from my cut.' \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.553.4-554.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəxəy \cf ʔəqəy \ce quail; chicken; domestic fowl \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔəy \sc ?Apis mellifera mellifera \ps n \ge honeybee (small species) \ge yellowjacket \de yellowjacket; honeybee (small species) \ee This does not refer to the non native Italian honey bee. It seems likely that the application of this term to a bee is to the introduced Black European honey bee Apis mellifera mellifera. The oldest use of this term is likely reserved for the yellowjacket. \et *ɨyɨ ~ *ɨyɨʔ \ec Compare BOI ʼɨy ‘yellowjacket,’ OBI (t)ɨyɨ ‘yellowjacket’ (Klar 1977: 24) \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.41.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔi \ps prcl \ge GEN \ge genitive \de genitive particle \ee Glossed as GEN. \xv 1. meš ʔi ʔaxwi \xe 'buckskin purse.' \xv 2. ʔaxwi ʔi wə \xe 'deerskin hide skirt.' \xv 3. kʰtut ʔi mitʔi \xe 'small spider.' \xv 4. xʔanwa ʔi mitʔi \xe 'young woman.' \xv 5. xʔanwa ʔi qʰnowowo \xe 'small adult woman.' \xv 6. ʔaxinaləš ʔi xus \xe 'bear dance.' \xv 7. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałtʔutʔu \xe 'one-eyed man.' \xv 8. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔaluqštu \xe 'deaf man.' \xv 9. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałmaxatš \xe 'a blind man.' \xv 10. ʔałnəw ʔi ʔaqʰskʔatata \xe 'split-stick singer.' \xv 11. ʔałtsutuhuy ʔi xwetet \xe 'the frog that makes the rain come.' \xv 12. ʔiwexeš ʔi mays \xe 'ground corn.' \xv 13. ya ʔi ʔałʔił ʔi ʔištapušaʔaš \xe 'arrow with shaft.' \xv 14. ya ʔikukaʔaš \xe 'arrow with bird point.' \xv 15. ya ʔiʔutʔawəʔəš \xe 'small game arrow.' \xv 16. ya ʔiʔaxitšaʔaš \xe 'arrow for war.' \xv 17. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalatʔamli \xe 'a wading bird.' \xv 18. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔuwmu \xe 'edible bird'. \xv 19. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalaqiwəwə \xe 'swimming birds.' \xv 20. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalutoqop \xe 'diving birds.' \xv 21. tšwiw ʔi ʔalaqułpepš \xe 'insect eating bird.' \xv 22. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔałʔalalinəw \xe 'a night singing bird.' \xv 23. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔałyuqʰspək \xe 'long-legged bird.' \xv 24. tštum ʔi ʔayatulutul \xe 'butterfly egg; butterfly cocoon.' \xv 25. šik ʔi pon̓ \xe 'bedbug.' \xv 26. qunup ʔi ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'male child.' \xv 27. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi qunup \xe 'male child.' \xv 28. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałʔałsukowowo \xe 'man who habitually holds arrow on left side of his bow when he shoots.' \xv 29. qʔəmə̀ ʔi ʔałwaštipołyoqò \xe 'twisted snail shell.' \xv 30. nupan ʔi ʔawháy̓ \xe 'the moon is new.' \xv 31. kayuškuʔum ʔi saqikumu \xe 'the cresent (of the moon).' \xv 32. šmaktunutš ʔi ʔałwayani \xe 'half-moon.' \xv 33. xəp ʔi ʔałʔespet \xe 'a broad rock or slab of rock.' \xv 34. pon̓ ʔi uxmałtapəš \xe 'a poking stick.' \xv 35. xʔanwa ʔi ʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'married woman.' \xv 36. muʔałtšatiwənitš ʔi xʔanwa \xe 'unmarried woman.' \xv 37. ʔatʔaxatš ʔi ʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'married man.' \xv 38. ʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔiyʔiʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'married men.' \xv 39. ʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔimuʔiʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'unmarried men.' \xv 40. muʔałtšatiwənitš \xe 'unmarried person.' \xv 41. tsʔatsʔəs ʔi paš \xe 'amole fiber.' \xv 42. tšyəwəš ʔi wə \xe 'deer head.' \xv 43. tsenhes ʔi hew \xe 'flying fish.' \xv 44. tsʔamamə ʔi šaqšanùtš \xe 'body of a dead person.' \xv 45. tšliyək ʔi šup \xe 'middle of the world.' \xv 46. tšlewlewutš ʔi maqš \xe 'fragments of flint.' \xv 47. tšpašpaš ʔi paxat \xe 'vomit of a whale.' \xv 48. tštək ʔi šup \xe 'point of land.' \xv 49. tskonin ʔi ʔałšuqstahay ʔisułku \xe 'a worm that gives light at night.' \xv 50. tsʔoqwo ʔi kawayu \xe 'horse hair.' \xv 51. ʔiʔałtap ʔi maxatʔaməš \xe 'those who enter the fiesta' (ceremonial entry). \xv 52. tsʔaqitùʔùm ʔi tímèw \xe 'it is the mark of the rabbit.' \xv 53. tšlomlom ʔi ʔamə \xe 'its meat is tender.' \xv 54. ʔəqəy ʔi xenti \xe 'quail.' \xv 55. ʔaxunpes ʔi ʔalaqtipałyət \xe 'the fly that sucks blood.' \xv 56. ʔaqiwo ʔi ʔałtsuyanaxyət \xe 'the bright (morning/evening) star.' \xv 57. ʔaqiwo ʔi ʔalaxtaqimaya \xe 'evening star.' \xv 58. ʔalaqutšʔum ʔi ʔałʔił ʔiškom̓ ʔištuʔwaš \xe 'a two-shelled clam.' \xv 59. lo ʔi tsʰowtsʰow \xe 'those hills.' \xv 60. kumeliwaš ʔi ku \xe 'she is a worthless person.' \xv 61. nawaʔaʔay ʔi ku \xe 'a very old person.' \xv 62. nawnawayʔiwaʔaš ʔi ku \xe 'the first people.' \xv 63. tšaqwiʔiʔin ʔi ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'he is the very last man.' \xv 64. pakeʔet ʔan tsamipʰ hušaqša tskumù ʔi skʔot \xe 'it was said of the four broken [ones] that one would die.' \xv 65. tsʰin ʔanaputiteqʰpey ʔi tʔayà \xe 'there are barnacles on that abalone shell, barnacles on back of abalone shell.' \xv 66. loʔkaxšap ʔan tsaqʰləw̓ə̀ loʔkaʔantimenkeyeyé kasaqutiple loʔkaʔantimenkeyeye. kisuwelewele heʔišyəwəš kiswewèkʰ heʔisʔamə kalokatspax lokaxšap kikaskitwò \xe 'the rattlesnake swallows the horned lizard and the horned lizard is finished. then he [the horned lizard] shakes his head, he tears his the snake's flesh and skin and exits.' \xv 67. tsalinałnaʔał ʔi sułku \xe 'he goes about at night.' \xv 68. wašətš ʔi samuw tšaqnitšum \xe 'it is good food.' \xv 69. tšiqipš ʔiti ʔi šup sihkuhkuʔu \xe 'this world is full of people.' \xv 70. nawaʔaʔay ʔi ksuyaqmilutš \xe 'I’ve been wanting water for a long time.' \xv 71. kikahuskitwo qowotš ʔi ʔikuyaš \xe 'and he took out the cooked salmon.' \xv 72. wašətš ʔi šup kaypi ki sʔəhə sulamʔuw \xe 'it is a good year and therefore there is a lot of food.' \xv 73. kasitax ʔi šuwatšə pakeʔet saʔałkʔot \xe 'he heard the yell of one of the broken one.' \xv 74. tštikumus ʔi šupšup mitsqanaqan \xe 'there are lots of hills back of Ventura.' \xv 75. lasałʔeqenpì ʔan tsmaxnaʔàł ʔi tšliyuyù \xe 'wherever he goes he leaves a slimy trail' (said of slug). \xv 76. nee ka skumli ʔi šʰinʔišaw si muhusilikʔe ʔiti šup \xe 'the day arrived to him of no longer living.' \xv 77. kanawa skitwo hemaʔàm loʔkašə ʔan nayišwaqšìk, tssununà ʔišwaqšik sukʔuyətus ʔi ʔimeymu. kanawa šnapày, kʔuwe tšniwipxey loʔkaskʔuyətaʔàš \xe 'when he came out of the cliff he was much painted, he began to paint himself well with white mud. when he went up, he sped up, with his adornment.' \xv 78. kanawa šitšoho ʔi ʔisisinay loʔkaswaskə kaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš katomoł , nayisʔił ʔisiyʔaxipe sipon̓ yəlaʔa nayisiyalaqwaʔay kikasamsapitsʔə siyop samsalaqwaʔay šiyuštipey' ʔispəł sitsʔekʰənən \xe 'when they finish placing the keel of the tomol in the forks, already the boards are worked smooth, they heat tar and [when] it is well readied they mix it with pine pitch.' \sd particles \lg TJPH \rf Daughter1; Travels22; WeirB15 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔi- \hm 1 \cf si-3 \ce inalienable prefix \sd variations \dt 04/Mar/2018 \lx ʔi- \hm 2 \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \sd variations \dt 04/Jul/2018 \lx ʔiʔiʔił \a ʔiʔiʔíł \ps v \ge exist.REDUP \de to exist.REDUP \cf ʔił \ce to exist \sd reduplications \dt 01/Jun/2012 \lx ʔiʔwə \cf ʔiwə \ce countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -ʔik- \a -hek- \a -ik- \va (-ik-) \ps vroot \ge do to \de do to \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI hik ‘to happen to; to do to; to affect; to undertake,’ INZ hik ‘to do (something) to or for someone; to affect’ (Whistler 1980: SYBCI 2007: 125) \mr [] \cf ʔałxiliknaš \ce caretaker; police \cf aktik \ce to come to get \cf axiʔik \ce to touch lightly \cf iwaxikpi \ce to touch smth on (smth else) \cf iwaxułhek \ce to cause one to have an outburst of joy \cf saxiʔik \ce ?to cause to touch lightly \cf siqiliʔik \ce to look with attention after \cf šiqiliknaš \ce to spy \cf šiqiliknašmu \ce spy nest \cf xiliʔik \ce to take care of; to watch over \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikmen \cf ʔikmen̓ \ce wave; surf \sd variations \dt 08/May/2011 \lx ʔikmen̓ \ph ˀɪkʰmɛn̰ \rd ʔikʔikmen̓ \a ikmen \a ʔikmen \va (ʔikmen, ikmen) \ps n \ge wave \ge surf \de wave; surf \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ikmen ‘waves; surf to come in; waves to break,’ INZ ikmen ‘waves; surf to come in’ (Whistler 1980; SYBCI 2007: 139) \xv 1. siyikmen \xe '[one] wave.' \xv 2. hesiyʔikʔikmen̓ \xe 'the waves.' \xv 3. tšmam̓utš lokaʔikmen \xe 'it is under the wave' (does not mean the hollow of the wave). \xv 4. tšaskululutš losiikmen \xe 'the wave makes noise.' \xv 5. tskʔilinapay lokaʔikmen \xe 'the wave rises quickly up over the rock.' \xv 6. no ʔan kʔikʰmen̓, ksuxmen \xe 'I am a wave, I break.' \xv 7. tsʰuxmenpi siʔikmen̓ lokaxəp \xe 'the wave breaks on top of the rock.' \xv 8. lomotʔo siyʔikʔikmen̓ kasʔap \xe 'he lives outside the waves.' \xv 9. tspiłpiłnowo lokatomoł losiyikikmén̓ (Ϟor hesiyikikmén̓) \xe 'the boat goes jumping along through the waves.' \xv 10. kayiti kasaxwiʔił siyʔikmen kasułkuw \xe 'the tide came up as far as this last night' (pointing to spot on beach). \xv 11. ʔəhə kisʰuwałkinomnomoywu lokaʔikmen̓ \xe 'there are lots of them, so that the waves roll them around.' \xv 12. kan saʔaltšutšoho ʔisaqiwəwə ʔan tšwelexš losiʔikʔikmen̓ tšwelexšpi hesiʔikʔikmen̓ tsməkənli \xe 'one who knows how to swim passes the waves, he passes the waves and goes far.' \sd ocean \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.587.2-590.1; 90.65.3 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiko \rd ʔikʔikoʔo \ps n \ge hip \ge thigh \de hip; thigh \xv 1. hesikʔiko \xe 'my thigh.' \sd anatomy \rf 89.509.3-4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔikpawəʔəš \ps n \ge carrying ring (for the head) \de carrying ring (for the head) \ee This was a padded ring for cushion and stabilizing loads carried on the head. See also Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 312 313). \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ikpaw (carry on head) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ikpaw \ce to carry on one’s head \sd tools \rf 89.592.1; Hudson & Blackburn 1982: 312-313 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikuk \ps n \ge femur \ge hip bone \de femur; hip bone \xv 1. hesikʔikuk \xe 'my hip bone.' \xv 2. tsʔikuk \xe 'projecting hip bone.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 89.599.4-560.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔikukaʔaš \ps n \ge pecking instrument \de pecking instrument \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 110 111). \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ikuk (strike; peck; chip at) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ikuk \ce to strike; to peck; to butt; to chip at \xv 1. ya ʔikukaʔaš \xe 'arrow with bird point.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.601.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikumešeš \ps n \ge dam (of water) \de dam (of water) \ee Dams, or weirs, were often used to capture fish. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iku- (ϡinstrϡ.order) + mes (traverse; travel across)>] \cf ikumes \ce to dam up \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. šiʔikumešeš \xe 'a dam (of water).' \sd hunting \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.603.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikunətaš \cf ʔikunətəš \ce splice; joint \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikunətəš \a ʔikunətaš \va (ʔikunətaš) \ps n \ge splice \ge joint \de splice; joint \ee This was said of a splice of broken and mended rope, etc. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ikunət (splice) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ikunət \ce to splice \xv 1. lokaʔikunətəš \xe 'the joint' (said of a splice of broken and mended rope). \xv 2. ʔan hesalutikuy lokaʔikunətaš \xe 'it is turned towards the joint.' \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.604.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikunətš \rd ʔikʔikunəʔətš \ps n \ge joint (anatomical) \de joint (anatomical) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + kunət (splice) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ikunət \ce to splice \cf ikunətš \ce to be spliced; to be jointed \xv 1. hesikʔikunətš \xe 'my joint' (said of any joint). \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.605.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikuweweneš \a ʔikuwewenèš \ps n \ge pile \de pile \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iku- (ϡinstrϡ.order) + wewe () + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ikuwewe \ce to pile one thing on top of another \xv 1. kisinay sitsʔohoy siʔikuweweneš sixəp \xe 'we put another pile of rocks.' \sd hunting \sd nature \sd common \lg TJPH \rf WeirC \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikuyaš \ps n \ge smth roasted in ashes \ge roasted in ashes, smth \ge smth cooked in ashes \ge cooked in ashes, smth \de smth roasted in ashes; smth cooked in ashes \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ikuy (roast in ashes) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ikuy \ce to roast in embers \xv 1. kikasʰukitwoqowotš ʔi ʔikuyaš xelex ka šikšìt \xe 'and he took out the roasted salmon that falcon gave me.' \xv 2. kasʔuw loʔkaʔikuyaš kaqowo \xe 'and he ate the roasted salmon.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.598.3-599.2, Travels 20, 21 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔikʔəməš \ps n \ge bead (type) \de bead (type) \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ʼikʼɨmɨš ‘kind of bead, small and tubular, made of mussel shell, black or white in color’ (Whistler 1980: 139) \xv 1. keqweł siʔikʔəməš \xe 'I am making a kind of bead.' \xv 2. hesikʔikʔəməš \xe 'my beads' (certain kind of bead). \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.607.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔikʔikmen̓ \a ikikmen̓ \va (ikikmen̓) \ps n \ge wave.REDUP \ge surf.REDUP \de wave.REDUP; surf.REDUP \cf ʔikmen̓ \ce wave; surf \sd reduplications \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx ʔikʔikoʔo \ps n \ge hip.REDUP \ge thigh.REDUP \de hip.REDUP; thigh.REDUP \cf ʔiko \ce hip; thigh \sd reduplications \dt 08/May/2011 \lx ʔikʔikunəʔətš \a ikunkunəʔətš \va (ikunkunəʔətš) \ps n \ge joint (anatomical).REDUP \de joint (anatomical).REDUP \cf ʔikunətš \ce joint (anatomical) \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔił \rd ʔiʔiʔił \rd ʔilʔił \a ʔil \a ił \va (ʔil, -ił) \ps v \ge exist \de to exist \cf aqniʔił \ce to be visible; to be clear; to remain \cf qałtsutiłmu \ce petticoats; underskirts \cf suwaqniʔił \ce to be clearly audible \cf šaqšiłtšaši \ce to be contained in; to contain oneself inside smth \cf utiʔił \ce to be under \xv 1. kinelamitʔiʔiʔi ʔan kamusiʔił kamaʔamqisənwu \xe 'but after a short time none can be seen any more.' \xv 2. kinelamusʔił lokasxmatata hesikʔamamə \xe 'I didn’t have any pimples on my body any more.' \xv 3. nełtsʔilił \xe 'where is it?' \xv 4. neʔešqaqš kahe neʔemusʔił hałtšʔišmekʔew̓ \xe 'she was already bald and she no longer had any eyebrows.' \xv 5. no ʔan tsʔił sikʔap lositəpʰə \xe 'I have a house in a forest.' \xv 6. nełtsʔilił ? ; lomiluk \xe 'where is [it]? ; there in the corner [of the room].' \xv 7. ya ʔi ʔałʔił ʔi ʔištapušaʔaš \xe 'arrow with shaft (wooden-tipped cane arrow).' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \lg TJPH \rf 89.27.1-28.2; 92.759.2-1, 801.2; Glutton87 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔilʔił \cf ʔiłʔił \ce to exist.REDUP \sd variations \dt 12/Jul/2018 \lx ʔiłʔił \a ʔilʔił \a ʔiʔiʔił \a ʔilił \va (ʔiʔiʔił, ʔilił) \ps v \ge exist.REDUP \de to exist.REDUP \cf ʔił \ce to exist \sd reduplications \dt 09/Jul/2018 \lx ʔilesya \ps n \ge church \de church \mr [] \xv 1. ušiqom lokašašʰunatš lyos kiloka santa ʔilesya kilokakiyuštʔeymu hesikiyiliklikʔe \xe 'keep the Commandments of the Law of God and of the holy Church and the obligations of our state.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd religion \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.447.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔilikʔe \hm 1 \a ʔilikʔè \ps n \ge way of living \de way of living \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ilikʔe (sit; stay; remain)>] \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \xv 1. naštəʔəʔə̀ tšišalaqwaʔay ʔišʔišʔilikʔè \xe 'at that time they were well-fixed in their way of living.' \sd lifecycle \lg TJPH \rf Roadrunner19/69.1087.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔilikʔe \hm 2 \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \sd variations \dt 11/Mar/2018 \lx ʔilikʔeneʔeš \ps n \ge buttocks \de buttocks \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ilikʔe (sit) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.390.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔilikʔenmu \ps n \ge chair \ge where one sits \de chair; where one sits \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ilikʔe (sit) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + –mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \sy kuyaməʔəš \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \sd common \sd places \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.390.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔilił \cf ʔiłʔił \ce to exist.REDUP \sd variations \dt 31/Jul/2018 \lx ʔimeymu \ph ˀimẽjmu \a ʔimey̓mu \va (ʔimey̓mu) \ps n \ge white mud \de white mud \ee A mixture of finely powdered clay and water used for cleansing the hair and scalp (Hudson & Blackburn 1985: 332 334). \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + imey (streak with) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf imey \ce to streak with \cf walu \ce mud \xv 1. hukʰin siʔimeymu \xe 'I am going to fetch white mud.' \sd elements \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 3.82.33.4, 94.394.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔina- \a ina- \va (ina-) \ps vpre \ge NEG.IMPV \de negative imperative verbal prefix \ee Glossed as NEG.IMPV. \xv 1. inaptaktə (Ϟor muptaktə) \xe 'stop hitting him!' (when one has already begun hitting). \xv 2. ʔinapoxotšit (Ϟor mupsuyaxotšit) \xe 'do not quarrel with me!' \xv 3. ʔinapsaqikʔikił, kwaqwaqšikušaš \xe 'do not disturb me, I am busy writing.' \xv 4. ʔinaptapi kaki ʔapʰməʔə ! \xe 'do not enter there lest you get drowned!' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd mood \sd voice \lg TJPH \rf 82.802.2; 90.292.3; 91.67.3; 93.108.2 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx ʔinfyełnu \ps n \ge Hell \de Hell \mr [] \xv 1. tsyamli losiʔinfyełnu \xe '[he] descended to Hell.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd religion \lg TJPH \rf 89.630.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔinyu \ps n \ge Indian \de Indian \mr [] \xv 1. tsʔip loʔkaʔinyu laʔkʰan ʔištap kaqunupmawà heʔimaʔam ʔispax siqas ʔan tsamaqʰtakʰwəyì loʔkaʔenhešaš \xe 'the Indian says that when sun enters a sanddollar there are souls born or new people born in the world.' \sd borrowings \sd people \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 70.66.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔip \rd ʔipʔip \a ip \a ipʰ \a ìpʰ \a ʔipʰ \va (ip) \ps v \ge tell \ge say \de to say; to tell \et *ʔipiʔ \ec Compare BOI ʼip ‘to speak; to say,’ CRZ ʼi ‘to speak; to say,’ INZ ʼip ‘to speak; to say,’ PUY ʼip ‘to speak; to say,’ OBI ʼipi ‘to speak; to say’ (Klar 1977: 109) \cf ʔaqnipaʔaš \ce taste \cf ʔiputš \ce to have said smth; to have ordered smth \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \cf alumu \ce to counsel \cf aqniʔip \ce to have the taste of \cf ašəw \ce to speak to; to speak with \xv 1. lokakʔamiwu ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'my friend told me.' \xv 2. nelupʔipus ? \xe 'what are you going to tell him?' \xv 3. ʔipus ʔałxuyuw nokakałʔip ! \xe 'tell him I said he is a liar!' \xv 4. kikasamʔipił miluk ʔełyepi \xe 'and they tell you to go by the cliffs.' \xv 5. kasʔipʰ, “kumeł sikałnetʰpi” \xe 'and she said, “I have such bad luck”.' \xv 6. mušaqtšum saʔalamʔipʰpi \xe 'he did not like what they said to him.' \xv 7. mušpošʰotš nełtsʔip \xe 'he does not know what he says.' \xv 8. mušipošʰotš nełtsiyʔip \xe 'they do not know what they say.' \xv 9. psuyaʔipuswu \xe 'you want to say to them.' \xv 10. lokaʔa ʔan tsʔip ʔa ʔa ʔa \xe 'the crow says a, etc.' \xv 11. kasʔipa, “tšeqʰlemlemš” \xe '…and he said, “beautiful and radiant one…” ' \xv 12. tskuʔum lokalʔamʔipuspi \xe 'the time arrived for that they had set.' \xv 13. kasʔip pakeʔet, “kiyiwałyam” \xe 'one said, “we have slid down.” ' \xv 14. tsiyʔipuswu lokaʔiyʔałʔalutʔawš \xe 'they said to the hunters.' \xv 15. kʔuwe kasʔip kaʔiti kasʔuwlilonmu \xe 'but he said they eat here.' \xv 16. kasʔip, “hə́ʔ xwetét kasikuy loʔkaqowòtš \xe 'he said, “oh, the cooked salmon was Frog’s.” ' \xv 17. kʔuwe kʔipus kišnaʔał lositsʔoho simitəpə \xe 'I told her to go around to the other door.' \xv 18. kikasʔipus pakeʔet lokasʔunù hešaʔałmiš \xe 'and he said to his grandsons regarding the crying one.' \xv 19. kʔipus lokaʔatʔaxatš kimuhušnikʔotiʔiy̥ ʔiti \xe 'I told him to never come back here anymore.' \xv 20. lokakšaʔay ʔan tskʔilitapli hemaʔam kikasʔipit \xe 'my daughter rushed in and said to me.' \xv 21. lokapistuk ʔan tšnowo heʔismitəpə ʔisʔap kikasʔip ə̨ \xe 'the squirrel stands at the mouth of his hole and says ə̨.' \xv 22. tsuxninikʔoyi lokaxʔanwa kikasʔipus lokaštałhəw \xe 'woman repented and said to her baby.' \xv 23. kikaqtiyepus lokaʔalipiwetš kaʔaxiyeʔep ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'I asked the drug clerk and he told me.' \xv 24. kikakasewsewus saʔališpiwetš šaʔałhaputš, ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'and I was talking with a butcher and he said to me.' \xv 25. kikasʔip lokanunašəš, “masəx tskumu ʔišup kihupalitkəyit” \xe 'he said, “I will wait for you 12 years.” ' \xv 26. kisʔip šəpəšiwàš, “hís nayisapipne ʔištəq saʔanaxpak soʔo” \xe 'and Coyote said, “Hiss! it goes off (burns) like a firecracker broken open in the middle of the stingy one with water.” ' \xv 27. tsamʔip ʔan latšə ʔisatʔamli kaypi kisamtənuš ʔanatʔamam \xe 'they say that it always likes to go in the canyon rivers and therefore they call him ͽʔanatʔamam' (raccoon). \xv 28. tsʔip heʔišpoš lahukaqpalamaywu kʔuwe mukiyušʰošitšəši \xe 'he thought he was smarter than we were but we did not say it.' \xv 29. tsʔip lokaqunup hesikum siʔałnunapala yitipakeʔes tskaʔaškom \xe 'the boy says that 500 Pala Indians are coming.' \xv 30. muwašəʔəʔətš lokalamʔipʰpi ʔan yəlaʔa lokatšotšonəʔəš ʔan tsiyəmə (Ϟor ʔiʔaləmə) \xe 'I don’t believe what they say about fishes being dumb.' \xv 31. tsʔip, “ʔaskúkù ʔałʔałkepkeʔep hekakʰkepmu?” kiwə munašištiyepušwaš hałtskumi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'he said, “Who is bathing in my pool?” For they had not told him of the arrival of the woman.' \xv 32. tsalumulit ʔan tsʔipit kʰan pqisənwu hałʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš ʔan mupwatinowo ʔapitaq hałʔiyʔałʔipʔipʰpi \xe 'my grandmother counseled me not to suddenly stand by a bunch of men to listen what they are talking about.' \xv 33. tsʔipus, “kʰokó!” ʔalištaxan̓ kihukʰsunapaiyił kihupʰnaʔali maʔam, kihupʰnaʔali maʔam \xe 'he said, “my father! have spirit! I will take you from here, you are going to the house.” ' \xv 34. kisʔipus pnaʔał Mitsqanaqan pʰkuʔum loʔkʔapʰ \xe 'he said to him, “go to Ventura and arrive at my house.” ' \xv 35. kikasʔip, "no ʔan kʔałkilamu, kəwə šwalaməš hesiksəpmu, mukpošʰotš nisʰuyuwahanit” \xe 'when she said, “I am crazy, for this load is heavy, I do not know that this little one cares for me so much.” ' \xv 36. naštəʔəʔə tšʔanutš lokaxəp, naštəʔəʔə tsamqisə. kʔuwe samʔip ʔan mušaqša lokaqunup kʔuwe šeqwełtšəši sipistuk \xe 'the rock is still blood-stained, it can still be seen. and they say that the child did not die but was turned into a ground-squirrel.' \xv 37. tsʔip loʔkaʔinyu laʔkʰan ʔištap kaqunupmawà heʔimaʔam ʔispax siqas ʔan tsamaqʰtakʰwəyì loʔkaʔenhešaš \xe 'the Indian says that when sun enters sanddollar there are souls born or new people born in the world .' \xv 38. laʔkʰan ʔiskumił loʔkatštəə̀niwaš kaʔałtšošoy kiseqʰmelewìł, ʔałʔip kakixilikšaši! \xe 'when a black dog comes to lap you, it means, take care!' \xv 39. tsʔipus lokašʰatiwə, “mupʔałxuxa, kanawa huskumi ʔan pʔipus, ‘hukiwišił,’ ipus ‘munakalaqwaʔay,’ kihustapi” \xe 'his wife said to him, "don’t be a coward, when he arrives tell him, ‘I will go along with you,’ tell him, ‘I am not yet ready,’ ask him to come inside.' " \xv 40. lokakatu ʔan tšuliʔiš səʔəqəy ʔan tsʰupex kikanawa sʰukitwonwu lokaštałtałhəʔəw kikanawa siyʔaləhəy kikasiyiwon, ʔan tsiyʔip kikirimiyaaw \xe 'the cat got a chicken and made her pregnant and when she gave birth to her young ones and they grew up and sang they sang kikirimiyaw.' \xv 41. kašištšohó, ki kašišqišətšàš kikasʔip pakeʔet “punaqmiłwaʔašù” “hi hi kaʔ nó kaki. sikałnaʔał laʔkakayuqišqišətšàš” \xe 'they finished, they looked at each other and one said, “you got up early to get water, [did you not]?” “yes yes, I did as well. I am going thither, until we see each other again” [i.e., ‘goodbye’].' \xv 42. tsʔił tsiku sałʔip sikawayu saʔałxupani ʔan ʔisułkuw ʔan musxupani, kʔuwe no ʔan mukšuwašətš kəwə tskokoyalit saʔałxupani sikawayu kʰen tsmaxuyułkuw \xe 'people say that a wild horse is gentler at night, but I don’t believe it for a bronco horse once reared up with me in the dark.' \xv 43. hesikuhkuʔu ʔan tšiyoxonišpi sitaxama kəwə tšuxš ʔišoxšoł. naštəʔəʔə tšitowš kisʔip, "pakeʔet tsyət sitaxama," kikalasiyalinowo \xe 'the Indians feared the skunk for its urine stinks. when they were fighting some one would say, "there comes the skunk," and they just stood.' \xv 44. ʔip lokapatskaw ! \xe 'confess your sins!' \xv 45. kʔip yəlaʔa lokatskaw \xe 'I confessed all my sins.' \xv 46. nipʔipwaš dios ʔan kumeliwaš \xe 'did you use the Lord’s name in vain?' (Harrington’s translation: 'you have said it bad?'). \xv 47. mupʔip lakaštə liyos simunalupʔuwe ! \xe 'do not say the name of the Lord in vain!' \xv 48. ʔipit, ʔaliwə, ʔipštewe lyos ? \xe 'tell me, brother, how many God’s are there?' \xv 49. mupʔip hałmuwašəʔəʔətš ! \xe 'tell no falsehood!' \xv 50. mupʔip hałmuwašəʔəʔətš kimupxuyuw ! \xe 'do not give false testimony nor lie!' \sd common \sd verbs \sd language \lg TJPH \rf 89.291.1, 91.658.4; Bad2; Coyo24 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔipapʔa \ps v \ge slap \de to slap \xv 1. hukʔipapʔa hesikʔəł kihuseqenit hesikʔolotəš \xe 'I am going to slap my leg to remove the numbness.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.485.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔipeyuw \ps v \ge cold, be \de to be cold (said of the weather/temperature outside) \cf ʔipey̓ \ce cold; coldness \cf aqtaha \ce to be cold (said of something that was previously warm) \cf oxto \ce to feel cold; to be cold (said of a person) \xv 1. tsʔipeyuw \xe 'it is cold weather.' \xv 2. tsʔipeyuw mitəpə \xe 'it is cold out of doors.' \sd meteorology \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.87.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔipey̓ \ps n \ge cold \ge coldness \de cold; coldness \cf ʔipeyuw \ce to be cold (said of the weather/temperature outside) \xv 1. koxto, tštapi siʔipey̓ \xe 'I feel cold ; the cold enters me.' \sd senses \sd nature \sd meteorology \lg TJPH \rf 90.298.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔipštewe \a ipštewe \va (ipštewe) \ps vimp \ge be so many \ge many, be so \de to be so many \ee This particle seems to be both interrogative and temporal in nature, inquiring about the number of times or how often something happened. \xv 1. ʔipštewe łʔišaw̓ \xe 'how many days?' \xv 2. ʔipštewe łʔułkuw \xe 'how many nights?' \xv 3. ʔipštewe špełwe \xe 'how many nights did he sleep here or there? \xv 4. ʔipštewe hałtšup (Ϟor łtšup) \xe 'how many years?' \xv 5. ʔipštewe hałʔawhay̓ (Ϟor łʔawhay̓) \xe 'how many months?' \xv 6. nayi kaipštewe ʔišup ʔišwelexš \xe 'some years ago.' \xv 7. laʔipštewe saʔatʔaxtʔaxatš \xe 'a few men.' \sd vimpersonals \sd pronouns \sd chronometry \lg TJPH \rf 91.26.2; Coyo1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔiputš \ps v \ge ordered smth, have \ge said smth, have \de to have said smth; to have ordered smth \mr [<ʔip (say; tell) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \xv 1. xeléx kašʔipùtš \xe 'Falcon ordered it.' \xv 2. lunes kuhuskumli lokakišʔiputš \xe 'Monday is the coming day of which we two spoke.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Travels115 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔipʔip \a ipʔip \va (ipʔip) \ps v \ge say.REDUP \ge tell.REDUP \de to say.REDUP; to tell.REDUP \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \sd reduplications \dt 28/Apr/2011 \lx ʔiqip \ps n \ge door \de door \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + i-2 (ϡtr.iϡ) + qip (filling action; closing off action)>] \ee While ͽmitəpə was the preferred term for ‘door,’ it was deemed less ‘correct’ than ͽʔiqip by Harrington’s consultant. \sy mitəpə \cf iqip \ce to fill; to be full \xv 1. hukušqʰał hesimitəpə \xe 'I am going to open the door.' \sd tools \sd household \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 91.463.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiqmay \ps n \ge cover \de cover \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iqmay (cover with the purpose of closing)>] \cf iqmay \ce to cover (with the intent of closing off access to) \xv 1. hesikʔiqmay \xe 'my pot lid.' \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.140.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiqom \cf ʔiqʔom \ce to be doubled up; to be folded \sd variations \dt 08/May/2011 \lx ʔiqʔom \a ʔiqom \va (ʔiqom) \ps v \ge doubled up, be \ge folded, be \de to be doubled up; to be folded \mr [<ʔ- (?ϡepthϡ) + i-2 (ϡtr.iϡ) + qʔom (be doubled up)>] \cf qʔom \ce to be doubled up \cf siqʔom \ce to fold so as to bend back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔom \ce to double smth back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔoməš \ce smth bent back on itself \xv 1. tsʔiqom \xe 'it is doubled back on itself.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd routine \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.549.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔisał \ps n \ge stew \de stew \cf ʔišałtš \ce to stew smth; to be stewed \xv 1. neʔešipšəł lokakʔisał \xe 'I am going to make my stew.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.606.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔismo \a ʔismon- \va (ʔismon-) \ps v \ge take together in a group \de to take together in a group \cf ʔišmotš \ce I. gathering; meeting II. to gather; to unite \cf iwiʔišmotš \ce to gather incidentally (or suddenly?) \cf tatʔismo \ce to take hold of in a group \xv 1. yəlaʔa loʔkakwis ʔan kʔismonwu kiksinaywu sałmusʔił lułniselqé \xe 'I put all the hilos in a pile and place them where nobody will disturb them.' \sd verbs \lg JPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔispe \a ispe \va (ispe) \ps n \ge semen \de semen \cf ʔalispe \ce to have dried semen \sd body \lg JPH \rf 69.517.1; 82.809.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔišʔišaʔaw \ps n \ge sun.REDUP \ge day.REDUP \de sun.REDUP; day.REDUP \cf ʔišaw \ce sun; day \sd reduplications \dt 30/Oct/2011 \lx ʔišʔon̓ \ps n \ge twin(s) \de twin(s) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iš- (ϡduϡ) + ʔon̓ ()>] \cf matʔišʔon̓ \ce to give birth to twins \xv 1. ʔišʔišʔòn̓ \xe 'two twins.' \sd people \sd kinship \lg JPH \rf 69.15.1; 91.67.1 \dt 11/Feb/2018 \lx ʔišaʔaw \cf ʔišaw \ce sun; day \sd variations \dt 30/Oct/2011 \lx ʔišałtš \ps v \ge stew smth \ge stewed, be \de to stew smth; to be stewed \mr [<ʔisal (stew) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔisał \ce stew \xv 1. hukʔišałtš \xe 'I am going to stew (smth).' \xv 2. neʔešʔišałtš \xe 'it is stewed.' \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.606.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔišaw \a iʔšàw̓ \a ʔišaʔaw \rd ʔišʔišaʔaw \va (ʔišaʔaw) \ps n \ge sun \ge day \de sun; day \ee The sun was the chief god. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + išaw (be warm; to be warm; be tolerably hot)>] \et ɕ \ec Compare PUY š̓išow ‘live coals’ (Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \xv 1. lanupaʔaʔan tsmeleweʔe šiʔišaw kikasapətli ʔiswenmu \xe 'as soon as the sun sets it goes to roost.' \xv 2. tsixwapit šiʔišaw \xe 'I got sunburnt.' \xv 3. tsʔapʰa šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun has a ring around it' (lit., ‘the sun is building his house’). \xv 4. kaʔaškom̓ šiʔišaw tsuwʔuwliloʔo kahe tsaqaqmiʔił soʔoxšoləš latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw \xe 'for ten days she kept feasting and drinking urine every day.' \xv 5. masəx šiʔišaw̓ \xe 'three bodies' (there were three bodies that were sacred: earth, air, and water). \sd meteorology \sd astronomy \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 89.318.3; Glutton82 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiškomlaʔa \ps num \ge both of smth \de both of smth \mr [<ʔiškom̓ (two) + -laʔa (ϡlocϡ)>] \cf ʔiškom̓ \ce two \xv 1. neʔestaniməkəʔə kinelašapuliʔiš lokaštałhəw heʔiškomlaʔa ʔišʔəł \xe 'when she had not gone any great distance she suddenly seized the child by its legs and swung it against (a rock).' \xv 2. lokasqawqawawaʔa ʔiškomlaʔa ʔan kałxoyoyonəšpi (Ϟor kašxoyoyontštəʔəš) \xe 'he flies with his two wings.' \sd numbers \lg TJPH \rf Glutton105-107 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiškom̓ \ps num \ge two \de two \et *eSkom̓ \ec Compare BOI ʼiškom̓ ‘two,’ CRZ ʼiščom ‘two,’ INZ ʼiškom̓ ‘two,’ OBI ʼestʸuʼ ‘two,’ PUY ʼiškom̓ ‘two’ (Klar 1977: 120) \cf ʔiškomlaʔa \ce both of smth \cf kaʔaškom̓ \ce ten \cf kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \ce fourteen \cf šuxułtiʔiškom̓ \ce to put around two times; to fold into two layers \cf yətiʔiškom̓ \ce six \sd numbers \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.16 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔišmaxəʔəš \ps n \ge sling \de sling \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 137 139). \cf išmax \ce to throw at \sd hunting \sd tools \lg H&B 1982: 137-139 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔišmekʔew̓ \ps n \ge eyebrow \de eyebrow \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ ʼišmekʼew ‘eyebrow’ (Beeler & Klar 1977: 88) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iš- (ϡduϡ) + mekʔew̓ ()>] \xv 1. neʔešqaqš kahe neʔemusʔił hałtšʔišmekʔew̓ \xe 'she was already bald and she no longer had any eyebrows .' \sd anatomy \lg TJPH \rf Glutton87 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔišmotš \a išmotš \mr [<ʔismo (take together in a group) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf aputiʔišmotš \ce to run together in a narrow (as is said of water) \cf ʔismo \ce to take together in a group \cf iwiʔišmotš \ce to gather incidentally (or suddenly?) \se I \ps n \ge gathering \ge meeting \de gathering; meeting \xv 1. lokašiyišmotš \xe 'a joining/meeting of men.' \se II \ps v \ge gather \ge unite \de to gather; to unite \xv 1. hušiyišmotš lokaʔenhešeš lokasiʔamamə, kihusiyitpeni kikamuhušiyaqšaniʔi \xe 'their bodies and souls will unite and they will revive never to die again.' \xv 2. kanawa sapitsʔə lokaxʔanwa kaʔalaxəwəł ʔan tsuniyəwwu kinelašiʔišmotš saʔalaxəwəł, kʰantšnehet lokaštəʔəniwaš \xe 'when the she-coyote is in heat she goes hunting male coyotes and then they come together, they are like the dogs.' \xv 3. yəlaʔa he kałmušiyaqtšum siyʔiyʔałnuna kukamoŋa kikašiyišmotš šipakpakəwaš kikasitipeqenpi lokašiyišmotš lokašukšukepeʔeš kaʔałʔišuwašətš \xe 'the congregation of the faithful Christians.' \xv 4. tšiʔišmòtš səʔəqəy sixenti \xe 'a flock of quail.' \sd verbs \sd culture \lg TJPH \rf 89.75.4, 333.3; 91.54.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔišnuna \ps n \ge cousin \de any of a number of first cousins and first cousins once removed; relative by blood \ee Johnson notes that this term applies to mother’s brother’s son (cousin), father’s sister’s son (cousin), father’s sister’s daughter (cousin), mother’s brother’s son’s son (first cousin once removed), father’s sister’s son’s son (first cousin once removed), father’s sister’s dauther’s son (first cousin once removed) (Johnson 1988: 185 186). Though not recorded, based on the paradigm, it seems likely that this term also would refer to mother’s brother’s daughter and mother’s brother’s dauther’s son. Speaker: Fernando Librado. \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH; Johnson \rf 72.211.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔišoyəšaqsik \ps n \ge feathers of feathered stick \de feathers of feathered stick \ee This stick was renewed every year on the third day of the winter solstice ceremony by one of the ’antap. The whole stick was not called this but merely the feathers. When the man planted the stick it was a secret – he had previously made the earth beneath it fine as meal. Fernando was asked if each rancheria had a single stick, or more. He answered that if there were two chiefs, they had two sticks, if one chief, one. \sd religion \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 69.629 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔišuš \ps n \ge pubic hair \de pubic hair \ee This noun must be possessed (i.e., it must have a personal pronominal prefix). Therefore, the form is often seen as tšʔišuš. However, ʔišuš is the stem. \cf ʔałʔišuš \ce person with much pubic hair \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \cf ʔepš \ce hair (head) \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \cf šuš \ce hair (body); wool; fur \xv 1. hesikʔišuš \xe 'pubic hair.' \xv 2. tšʔišuš \xe 'pubic hair of man or woman.' \xv 3. losixʔanwa ʔan ʔəhə ʔišʔišuš \xe 'this woman has much pubic hair.' \xv 4. ʔałtipʔišuš \xe 'person with much pubic hair.' \xv 5. pi ʔan pʔałʔišuš \xe 'where do you [pubic hair] go?' (Harrington notes that was said to a man as something vulgar). \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.254.4; 91.37.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔitat \ps n \ge cactus \de cactus \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼitat ‘cholla cactus,’ INZ ʼitat, ‘cactus (possibly generic term or species term)’ (Whistler 1980: 11; SYBCI 2007: 155) \ee It is unclear if this word refers to a specific species or cacti in general. \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 81.59.2; Heizer 1952: 54 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔiti \a ʔitì \ps dem \ge here \de here \ee This word indicates proximity to the speaker, the proximity may stand in contrast to something else, e.g., ‘here on earth’ in contrast to ‘in Heaven.’ Glossed as DET.PROX. \cf -it \ce first person singular object verbal suffix \cf kumiti \ce to arrive here \cf -tiʔiy \ce cislocative verbal suffix \xv 1. ʔitimotʔo \xe 'here on the side where I am.' \xv 2. ʔitisuʔutʔam \xe 'here in the river.' \xv 3. ʔiti sapiwił \xe 'the fire is burning here.' \xv 4. kaʔiti kakaqʰay \xe 'I stay or live here' (very old words). \xv 5. kaʔiti kapaqʰay \xe 'you live here.' \xv 6. pi ʔan muʔiti kapʔałnuna \xe 'you are not a native of here.' \xv 7. muʔiti kayʔiʔałnuna \xe 'they are not from here.' \xv 8. ʔiti hukalutikuy \xe 'I am going to look in this direction.' \xv 9. hukapəti ʔiti šup \xe 'I am going to climb this hill.' (in the brook). \xv 10. ka ʔiwexšmu ʔiti \xe 'this is where they pound things.' \xv 11. ʔiti ʔan tsaxtawaya \xe 'here it is cool.' \xv 12. hukapət ʔiti simesa \xe 'I am going to get on top of the table and stand upon it.' \xv 13. tšaqšani, ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'the world has ended.' \xv 14. tsple ʔitiʔišup tsməʔə \xe 'the world terminated in water' (literally, drowned). \xv 15. tspilitapi soʔo ʔiti maʔam \xe 'water has run in from outdoors.' \xv 16. ʔiti ʔan tšyəwəšwaš \xe 'there used to be a deep place here' \xv 17. ʔiti ʔan mušyəwəš lokoʔo \xe 'here the water is shallow.' \xv 18. ʔiti ʔan tsʔił siya simitʔi \xe 'here there is a small rockrose.' \xv 19. ʔiti ʔan wašətš ʔitaštaʔaš \xe 'there is good pasture/grass here.' \xv 20. tšiqipš ʔiti ʔi šup sihkuhkuʔu \xe 'this world is full of people.' \xv 21. pxiłxiliʔik ʔitimaʔam (hesaʔap) \xe 'take care of things here (at the house).' \xv 22. tšʔutʔamunwaš ʔiti suʔutʔam \xe 'here in the river there was a big flood.' \xv 23. hukikšił hesixəp ʔiti \xe 'I am going to give thee this stone.' \xv 24. lokaxəp ʔan ʔiti sikmət kasʔił \xe 'the rock is behind me' (said by man sitting). \xv 25. yəlaʔa hesiku saʔaliyilikʔe ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'everyone in the world.' \xv 26. lokaʔaleqwał ʔalałpay kaʔitimišup \xe 'Creator of Heaven and Earth.' \xv 27. ʔalałpay kamišup kayəlaʔa ʔitiʔišup \xe 'in Heaven and in earth and everywhere.' \xv 28. lokaʔatʔaxatš kimuhušnikʔotiʔiy ʔiti \xe 'I told him to never come back here any more.' \xv 29. laʔiti kasinałnaʔał sałkaneʔeʔe hesimuwu \xe 'they stay right here on the coast.' \xv 30. hukawəy hešaʔałhaputš ʔiti ʔišpeqʔenutš \xe 'I am going to roast the meat here on top of the coals.' \xv 31. huksinuyus ʔiti kinupan hukʔełtse \xe 'I put it on it here and then I am going to wrap it up.' \xv 32. ikšit lositsʔohoy hesałʔiti sutiyəʔət \xe 'give me the box that is on this side.' \xv 33. huksuwaya hesaʔaxwi ʔiti ʔi šluqay \xe 'I am going to hang this clothing on the fork.' \xv 34. mupkitwoʔo hemitəpə lapiliklikʔe ʔitimaʔam \xe 'don’t go out doors, stay in here' (said to child). \xv 35. kʔuwe kasʔip kaʔiti kasʔuwlilonmu \xe 'but he said they eat here.' \xv 36. huksinay ʔiti kuhukełtse kuhukašiqom \xe 'I am going to put it here, wrap it up and keep it.' \xv 37. neʔesʔəhə ʔišup sikilikʔe ʔitiʔišup, kʔuwe kayukaqša \xe 'I have lived many years in the world but now I am going to die.' \xv 38. mukasiyʔap ʔiti tsiyət tsinawa šastəwəkš šitaštaʔaš \xe 'they (the wild geese) do not live here all the time, they come in the time when the grass is green.' \xv 39. sipakpakəwaʔaš ʔan mušiyaqtšum lositapi sipałpaliʔi ʔiti, ʔan musʔił husinetus \xe 'there were some old men who did not like the priests coming here, but what could they do?' \xv 40. ʔiti ʔan tsʔił tsihaw kaloʔisqiłmes ʔan tsʔił sihaw ʔan mukašnehet hesiʔiʔałnuna ʔiti \xe 'there is one kind of fox here and another smaller kind on the islands.' \xv 41. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan huki ʔałhinhin ʔiti, kałwašətš sukiywałtə kihušnaʔał? \xe 'what is this man doing around here?' \xv 42. hesiyʔiyʔałnuna ʔiti ʔan musiyʔuw hałtuq, kilokaʔiyʔałnuna sonora ʔan tsiyawəy kisiyʔuw \xe 'the Indians here didn’t eat grasshoppers but the natives of Sonora roasted grasshoppers and ate them.' \xv 43. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \xv 44. ʔiti ʔan mušpelonušaš kəwə mitʔi šipułhewu; kilatšə ʔišupšuʔup kišnaʔał muntana, məʔək lošaʔałtəhətš muntana, kanawa skitwo ʔiti ʔan laswatwatipelonušaš kilakałkumli (Ϟor kinelaskumli) montana, kanawa husimokʔotʔiy ʔan sesanta pesus ʔipiʔiw \xe 'here he does not shear because there are few sheep; he is always going to Montana, it is far that place called Montana; when he starts out here he shears his way there little by little and reaches Montana and when he returns it costs him $60.00.' \xv 45. mukayiti kaʔałnuna \xe 'it is not a native of here.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH \rf 89.280.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ʔitow \ps n \ge smoke \de smoke \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + itow (be smoke)>] \et ɕ \ec Compare PUY toʼw̥ ‘smoke’ (Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \cf itow \ce to be smoke \cf mištəq \ce smokehole \xv 1. tsapiyi loʔišup ʔəhə siyʔitow \xe 'there is a fire in the mountains, a lot of smoke is rising.' \sd heat \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.330.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔitʔepeš \et *ʔepV- \ec Compare BOI ʼilep- ‘make cia mush,’ INZ ʼil̓epeš ‘make cia mush,’ OBI łʼipɨ ‘make cia mush,’ PUY ləpəšə̥ ‘chia’ (Klar 1977: 75-76; Harrington 1986: 3.6.172) \se I \ps n \ge chia \de chia \xv 1. siʔixpanəš siʔitʔepeš \xe 'acorns for chia.' \xv 2. hukšatinaʔał siʔitʔepeš \xe 'I am going to harvest chia.' \se II \ge snake, garter \ge garter snake \de garter snake \xv 1. ʔitʔepeš heʔsoʔò \xe 'garter snake' (lit., 'water chia,' so called because of the snake's dull lead color). \xv 2. latšə sikqisə heʔismaʔam lokakʔuxmałhinaʔaš siʔitʔepeš \xe 'I continually see a snake under my washboard.' \sd food \sd plants \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 81.59.4; 93.355.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔitškuhu \ps v \ge defend smn \ge help smn fight \ge fight, help smn \de to defend smn; to help smn fight \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼičkʼiʼ ‘breechcloth,’ and PUY išk̓ə’ə̥ ‘g-string; loincloth’ (Whistler 1980: 9; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + its- (ϡassocϡ) + kuh (person; human) + -V (ϡvzϡ)>] \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.265.3; 92.886.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔitškʔə \ps n \ge loincloth \ge g-string \de loincloth; g-string \ee These were commonly worn by the Ventureño, especially before the arrival of the Spanish. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼičkʼiʼ ‘breechcloth’ (Whistler 1980: 9) \sy tapalawa \xv 1. tswayanli ʔišʔitškʔə \xe 'his g-string is flying in the wind as he runs.' \sd clothes \sd culture \lg TJPH \rf 93.353.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔiwexeš \ps n \ge crushed, smth \ge smth crushed \de smth crushed \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iwex (pound up) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf iwex \ce to pound up \xv 1. ʔiwexeš \xe 'it is crushed.' \xv 2. ʔiwexeš ʔi mays \xe 'ground corn' (pounded in a mortar). \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.19. 612.2-613.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiwexšmu \ps n \ge place where smth is pounded \de place where smth is pounded \ee This could be said of a bedrock mortar. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iwex (pound up) + -š (ϡipfvϡ) + –mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf iwex \ce to pound up \xv 1. lokaʔiwexšmu \xe 'place of pounding.' \xv 2. ka ʔiwexšmu ʔiti \xe 'this is where they pound.' \sd places \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.390.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiweyaqen̓i \ps n \ge February \ge month when willow catkin cotton is flying \de month when willow catkin cotton is flying; February \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.40.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔiwə \a ʔiʔwə \a iʔwə \a ʔiw̓ə \a ʔiwə̀ \a iwə̀ \va (ʔiʔwə, iʔwə) \ps n \ge countryman \ge comrade \ge fellow traveler \de countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \gn compañero \dn compañero \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iwə (related to relationships)>] \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \cf qatʔiwəš \ce to lay together side by side; to fasten together side by side \cf suyašatiwənitš \ce to want to be married \cf šatiwə \ce spouse \cf šatiwənitš \ce to be married \xv 1. hesikʔiwə \xe 'my comrad.' \xv 2. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan latšə ʔišnisuqonwu lokasʔiwənwu \xe 'this man always makes his comrads laugh.' \sd people \sd kinship \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.102, 223.1, 613.4; Trip to Coyo Line18 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔiwontštəʔəš \ps n \ge sound \de sound \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + iwon (sound) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ) + ?-t () + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf iwon \ce to sound; to make chirping noises; to groan; to bray; to crow; to moo; to howl; to croak; to sing (said of birds) \xv 1. lokašiwontštəʔəš \xe 'what they always use to sound.' \xv 2. lokašiwontštəʔəš kaʔanatʔamam ʔan tseqpeyus lokasaxaxskʔəy kapon̓, tsuweqpeyus šaʔałmiš \xe 'the racoon’s sound resembles the squeaking of a tree, resembles crying.' \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.624.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔixpanəš \ps n \ge acorn \de acorn \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼixpaniš ‘acorn’ (Whistler 1980:12) \ee This likely refers to acorns from the ͽkuw̓ ‘coast live oak.’ These acorns were the best and made a sweet mush. Acorns from the ͽta ‘valley oak’ were said to be bitter. \cf axlupʔetš \ce to eat acorn mush with the fingers \xv 1. hukʰiʔin ʔixpanəš \xe 'I am going acorn-harvesting.' \xv 2. ki pi, muhupiwišitu, kišʰinʔin siʔixpanəš \xe 'and you, do you now want to go with me? we two will go acorning.' \xv 3. munaməʔək ʔištapinwaš kiskuʔum lokaštete ʔalaktik šiʔixpanəš \xe 'her mother came shortly to fetch some acorns.' \xv 4. no ʔan kotoyi heʔismaʔam sikuw̓ ʔan nelasapiyampiyit šiyʔixpanəš hesiktəq \xe 'I slept under an oak tree and an acorn fell down and hit me on the face.' \xv 5. latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw tsisaxyikuʔus sułʔuw, latšə ʔisiliklikʔe maʔam lokasinaymu kaʔixpanəš \xe 'every day they gave her food, she remaining continually inside the acorn grainary.' \sd food \sd plants \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 81.59.4; 89.139.1, 325.4, 382.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔixša \a ʔixšà \ps n \ge ash \de ash \ee Note that this also refers to the ashen form of burnt charcoal. \et *qSa \ec Compare CRZ iqša ‘ashes,’ OBI t/c-qsanu ‘ashes’ (Klar 1977: 66) \cf tšʔišow \ce charcoal; carbon \xv 1. kasapixe kilaʔixšà sałʔuniʔlì \xe 'it burnt out and only ashes remained.' \sd elements \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.411.2; Travels80 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔixtə \ps n \ge roof \de roof \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼixtíšʼ ‘roof; ?sunshade,’ INZ ʼixtɨʼš ‘roof; ceiling,’ PUY ʼix̂təš ‘roof’ (Whistler 1980: 12; SYBCI 2007: 161; Harrington 1986: 3.6.1649.1) \xv 1. tsʔixtə \xe '[its] roof.' \xv 2. heʔisʔixtə hesikʔap \xe 'the roof of my house.' \xv 3. heʔisʔixtə ʔan tštatax \xe 'this roof is with a gable thus.' \sd household \lg JPH \rf 91.118.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔixweteqpeyeš \ps n \ge imitation \de imitation \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ?ix- () + ?wa- () + teq- (ϡinstrϡ.attaching) + pey (spread on)>] \cf ixweteqpeyus \ce to imitate \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \xv 1. lokaʔixweteqpeyeš \xe 'the imitation, a thing made or looking just like another thing.' \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 3.82.36.4 \dt 11/Nov/2018 \lx ʔo \a ʔò \a ʔó \ps n \ge water \de water \ee Commonly seen as soʔo. \et *ʔoʔ \ec Compare BOI ʼoʼ ‘water,’ INZ ʼoʼ ‘water,’ OBI(t)o ‘water,’ PUY aho ‘water’ (Klar 1977: 82) \mr [<ʔoʔ>] \cf ʔoʔotš \ce to be wet; to be green (said of wood) \cf šoʔoʔotš \ce to soak smth (in water) \xv 1. tsapitsʔə hesoʔo \xe 'this water is hot.' \xv 2. huksinay soʔo hesinə kuhusapitsʔə \xe 'I put some water on the fire so it will get hot.' \xv 3. ʔališaw koʔo (Ϟor lokaʔališaw koʔo) \xe 'hot springs, as up by Nordhof.' \xv 4. saʔalapitsʔə soʔo \xe 'the hot water' (as when we have hot water on table here). \xv 5. tšitʔeqš lokoʔo \xe 'the water is spread as in a shallow river.' \xv 6. tšaputiʔišmotš \xe 'the water flows together narrow.' \xv 7. kʰe soʔo \xe 'here is water' (as when offering water). \xv 8. tsipyototo saʔališaw soʔo \xe 'the hot spring is boiling.' \xv 9. tsʔilu soʔo losimaha \xe 'is there water there in the canyon?' \xv 10. huksapitsə soʔo \xe 'I am going to heat some water.' \xv 11. neł tsʔił ʔo \xe 'where is there any water?' \xv 12. no ʔan kʔo \xe 'I am water.' \xv 13. lokaškašmu loʔo \xe 'where the water stands.' \xv 14. soʔo \xe 'water.' \xv 15. lokasʔo kakuw̓ \xe 'oak sap.' \sd geology \sd elements \sd water \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.18; 89.18; 90.257.1-259.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoʔotš \ps v \ge wet, be \ge green, be (said of wood) \de to be wet; to be green (said of wood) \mr [<ʔoʔ (water) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔo \ce water \cf qiłtsə \ce to be drenched through (only said of a person) \cf šoʔoʔotš \ce to soak smth (in water) \xv 1. neʔekʔoʔotš \xe 'I am wet.' \xv 2. neʔešʔoʔotš yəlaʔa hešitaštaštaʔaš \xe 'all the plants are wet' (with rain). \xv 3. tšiyuštšʔəmətšəši lokaʔałʔoʔotš kaqas \xe 'it buries itself in the wet sand.' \xv 4. no ʔan kʔoʔotš \xe 'I am green' (said by a tree). \xv 5. ʔiškom̓ sipon̓ siyʔišʔaloʔotš \xe 'two green sticks.' \xv 6. masəx sipon̓ siyʔiyʔaloʔotš \xe 'three green sticks.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.279.4-280.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔohʔohoʔok \ps n \ge cradlehood.REDUP \de cradlehood.REDUP \cf ʔohok \ce cradlehood \sd reduplications \dt 09/May/2011 \lx ʔohok \rd ʔohʔohoʔok \ps n \ge cradlehood \de cradlehood \xv 1. hesikʔohok \xe 'my cradlehood.' \xv 2. tsʔohokʔ i ʔutinay̓ \xe 'cradlehood.' \xv 3. sisʔohok siʔutinay \xe 'hood of cradle.' \sd material \sd kinship \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 90.260.4 \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔołʔoloʔo \ps n \ge mines \de mines \mr [<ʔolo (money.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf ʔolo \ce money \xv 1. tšnałwaʔaš losoʔołʔoloʔo kiʔəhə soʔolo sałnikʰət \xe '[Luis Francisco] had gone to the mines and brought back lots of money.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd places \sd geography \lg TJPH \rf 90.191.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔołno \ps n \ge oven \de oven \mr [] \xv 1. huksutapi hesoʔołno \xe 'I am going to put the bread into the oven.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \sd food \lg TJPH \rf 90.672.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔolo \rd ʔołʔoloʔo \ps n \ge money \de money \mr [] \cf ʔołʔoloʔo \ce mines \xv 1. tšnałwaʔaš losoʔołʔoloʔo kiʔəhə soʔolo sałnikʰət \xe '(Luis Francisco) had gone to the mines and brought back lots of money.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd economics \lg TJPH \rf 90.191.4, 275.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔolołkʔoy \ps n \ge porpoise \de porpoise \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼalolkʼoy ‘porpoise,’ CRZ ʼololkʼoy ‘porpoise,’ INZ ʼalolkʼoy ‘porpoise’ (Whistler 1980: 70; Harrington 1986: 3.71.855.2; SYBCI 2007: 47) \mr [<ʔalʔal- (ϡagtzϡ) + kʔoy (turn)>] \xv 1. ʔitsaqiwəwə̀ ʔan tsapətì kisutoqʔòp \xe 'when it swims it emerges and dives.' \xv 2. loʔkaʔolołkʔòy ʔan tsoxkonono kašnehet loʔkakutšinù \xe 'the porpoise grunts like a pig.' \xv 3. loʔkaʔolołkʔòy ʔan ʔałtšošoy kʔùwe tsʔałxilì \xe 'the porpoise is black and fat.' \xv 4. laʔkʰan ʔi tsaqiwəwə ʔan tsapətì kinupan tsutoqʔopʰ kikašnaʔał tsʰwotołkʔoy heʔišup \xe 'all the time it swims and emerges and dives and goes along and it goes around the world.' \xv 5. loʔkaʔołołkʔoy ʔan tsʰwotołkʔoy heʔišup husqisə hukiłtsaqutikatʰ, laʔkʰan simusʔił tsaqutikatʰ ʔan tskumì lokašnunawùtš \xe 'the porpoise goes around the world to see what will hinder it, and when there is no obstacle or nothing the matter it comes back to where it started from.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.851.2-857.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔolotəš \ps v \ge numb, be \de to be numb \gn entumecido, tenir \gn tenir entumecido \dn tenir entumecido \xv 1. kʔolotəš hesikpu \xe 'my arm is numb.' \xv 2. kʔolotəš hesikʔəł \xe 'my leg has gone to sleep.' \xv 3. hukʔipapʔa hesikʔəł kihuseqenit hesikʔolotəš \xe 'I am going to slap my leg to remove my numbness.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 90.276.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔolototš \rd ʔołʔolotoʔotš \ps n \ge quiver \de quiver \gn carcaje \dn carcaje \mr [<ʔolototšʔ>] \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼolotʼoč ‘quiver,’ CRZ olotoč ‘quiver,’ INZ ʼolotočʼ ‘quiver,’ PUY ’olotots̓o̥ ‘quiver’ (Whistler 1980: 21; Beeler & Klar 1977: 112; SYBCI 2007: 256; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔolototšʔiwaš \pde quiver.DEPR \cf ʔolototšʔiwaš \ce old quiver \xv 1. ʔolototšʔiwaš \xe 'useless quiver ; old quiver.' \xv 2. hukwatšʔiw hesiʔolototšʔiwaš \xe 'I am going to throw this old quiver away.' \xv 3. keqʰwelus ʔi simanwaya loʔkaʔolototš, kuspayuswu kinupan kʰsinowonwi, kʰeʔenla kustsʔəmənwu, kʰeʔenla kʰin sitsʔohoy sipon̓ kikʰwisəx \xe 'I make a support for the quiver, I dig the hole then I erect them, then I put the dirt in around, then I take another stick and stamp dirt down around them.' \sd archery \sd tools \sd warfare \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.276.3-277.1; 91.648.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔolototšʔiwaš \ps n \ge quiver, old \de old quiver \mr [<ʔolototšʔ (quiver) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \cf ʔolototš \ce quiver \sd archery \sd warfare \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.276.3-277.1; 91.648.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔołpo \rd ʔołʔołpo \ps n \ge ?lizard species \de ?lizard species \ee Some are said to be bluish and others are yellowish according to the formation. May refer to varieties of the Coronado skink (ϞPlestiodon Ϟskiltonianus Ϟinterparietalis) or certain whiptail lizards (ϞAspidoscelis Ϟtigris). See also www.CalfiorniaHerps.com. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔonpo \pde ?lizard species.DIM \xv 1. loʔkaku kaʔałniwònlà ʔan tsaliwotoqʰloʔòp ki tštokołtšwotìtš loʔispu kisaliku- saxpiwu kikasamtənùs ʔołpo \xe 'the lazy one lies face down or belly down and crosses his arms, puts his forehead on this arms and they call him ʔołpo.' \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.265.2, 276.1-277.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔołpoš \ps v \ge alert, be \ge mischievous, be \ge malicious, be \de to be alert; to be mischievous; to be malicious \ee Harrington gives the example below, but then notes that “this verb must mean to be malicious/mischievous.” Harrington then notes that his consultant did “not know this verb” \xv 1. tšʔołpoš \xe 'it is very alert.' \xv 2. lokaʔuxpaʔàš ʔan tšʔołpòš \xe 'the otter is very alert, looks around all the time.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd cognition \lg JPH \rf 90.277.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔonhok \cf ʔonhoq \ce turkey vulture \sd variations \dt 27/Jul/2012 \lx ʔonhokok \ps n \ge lizard \de lizard \xv 1. kinupan piyapšəkuswu heʔismaʔam šiqštopo, sixwetet, soʔonhokok \xe 'and stuff them with stink-beetles, frogs, [and] lizards.' \xv 2. loʔkaʔonhokok heʔiʔismət ʔan tsixwalilìkʰ yəlaʔà heʔispu ka ʔisʔəł \xe 'the lizard’s back is speckled, hands and feet [as well].' \sd animals \sd reptiles \sd nature \lg TJPH \rf 71.274.1-275.2; Glutton47 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔonhokokʰo \a ʔonokokʰo \va (ʔonokokʰo) \ps v \ge hop on one leg \de to hop on one leg \xv 1. kʔonhokokʰo \xe 'I hop on one leg.' \xv 2. kʔonokokʰo \xe 'I hop on one leg.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 90.277.4-278.1 \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔonhoq \a ʔonhok \a ʔonoq \va (ʔonhok, ʔonoq) \ps n \ge turkey vulture \ge vulture, turkey \de turkey vulture \sc Cathartes aura \ee The birds ͽtslow̓ (eagle), ͽhuyawət (condor), and ͽʔonhoq (turkey vulture) are said to quit the foulness of the world. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼonoq ‘buzzard,’ INZ ʼonoq ‘buzzard; vulture,’ possibly related OBI ł-ʼošoyo ‘buzzard’ (Whistler 1980: 12; SYBCI 2007: 484; Klar 19--a: 11) \xv 1. tšipʰšoš lokaʔonhoq \xe 'the buzzard hisses.' \xv 2. laʔkʰan ʔišuštəł sułʔuw loʔkaʔonhoqʰ ʔan tšniqʔalaw pakeʔet ʔisqapʰ kišwatšìw \xe 'when it comes upon its food or prey the buzzard pulls out a feather.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.525.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔonmoyoy̓o \ps n \ge whelk (small species) \de whelk (small species) \sd animals \sd ocean \sd shellfish \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.233.2 \dt 03/Apr/2015 \lx ʔonokokʰo \cf ʔonhokokʰo \ce to hop on one leg \sd variations \dt 01/Nov/2011 \lx ʔonoq \cf ʔonhoq \ce turkey vulture \sd variations \dt 27/Jul/2012 \lx ʔontomoyitš \ps v \ge trough-shaped, be \de to be trough-shaped \ee Harrington notes that his speaker did not know this word, but that the word was “undoubtedly correct” \xv 1. tšʔontomoyitš \xe 'it is trough-shaped.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd shape \lg JPH \rf 90.279.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔontoqots \ps n \ge whirlwind \de whirlwind \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnz.dimϡ) + toqo (pivot back on oneself) + -(V)tš (ϡvz.prop.dimϡ)>] \cf toqoqo \ce to bend one’s knees as sharply as possible \xv 1. tsyət soʔontoqots \xe 'a whirlwind comes.' \sd nature \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 90.278.4-279.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔontšoši \sc Anemopsis californica \ps n \ge yerba mansa \ge lizard’s tail (plant species) \de yerba mansa; lizard’s tail \gn yerba del manso \dn yerba del manso \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (29 31). \sd plants \sd nature \sd health \lg JPH \rf 81.61.4 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔonyoko \ps n \ge shark \de shark \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼonyoko ‘shark,’ CRZ ʼonyoko ‘shark,’ INZ ʼonyoko ‘shark’ (Whistler 1980: 21; Beeler & Klar 1977: 117; SYBCI 2007: 256) \xv 1. kʰan ʔišiyulišwu soʔonyoko \xe 'when they catch sharks.' \xv 2. lokasʔamə kaʔonyoko ʔan tšutišihitš \xe 'the meat of the shark is tough.' \xv 3. tsʔił sinunašəš siyʔatʔap simuwu, tsaqniʔonyoko, ʔan xaxaʔax, ʔan yəlaʔa heʔisisʔamamə ʔan tšišošoy, kahe tsʔił ʔisisa \xe 'there is a sea animal which resembles a shark, it is big, all its body is black, and it has teeth.' \xv 4. tsaliyexexe \xe '[the shark when eating] turns on his back.' \xv 5. tsinipnipʔełwu heʔisimətməʔət \xe 'they twist their backs' (to kill young sharks). \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd fish \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.495.4; 90.202.1; 91.369.2, 529.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔopon \ps v \ge tie up a horse’s tail (in a bun) \de to tie up a horse’s tail (in a bun) \ee Harrington notes that this would be done in rainy weather, and that the verb refers to tying up horse tails only \mr [] \xv 1. hukʔopon \xe 'I am going to tie the horse's tail up.' \xv 2. tsʔoponus ʔiskawayu \xe 'he has his horse's tail tied up' (as they do in rainy weather). \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 90.280.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔopxon̓ \ps v \ge orphan, be an \ge orphaned, be \de to be an orphan; to be orphaned \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan kʔopxon̓ \xe 'I am an orphan.' \xv 2. naštəʔəʔə kqunup ʔan tšaqša lokaktete, kikanupan tšaqša lokakʰkoko kikakʔopxon̓ \xe 'I am an orphan, when I was still a boy my mother died and later my father died and I became an orphan.' \sd stative \sd kinship \sd people \sd verbs \rf 90.281.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoqoqo \cf ʔoqoqʰo \ce I. cough II. to cough \sd variations \dt 04/Jul/2018 \lx ʔoqoqʰo \a ʔoqoqo \va (ʔoqoqo) \rd ʔoqʰoqoqʰo \et *oqoqo \ec Compare BOI oxoxon ‘to cough,’ INZ oxoxon ‘to cough,’ OBI qʰoqʰo ‘to cough’ (Klar 1977: 78-79) \se I \a ʔoqoqo \va (ʔoqoqo) \ps n \ge cough \de cough \xv 1. tsʔoqoqo \xe 'cough.' \se II \a oqoqo \va (oqoqo) \ps v \ge cough \de to cough \gn toser \dn toser \xv 1. kʔoqoqʰo \xe 'I cough.' \xv 2. no ʔan koqoqo \xe 'I cough.' \xv 3. kʔoqʰoqoqʰo \xe 'I am coughing.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd body \sd onomatopoeia \sd health \lg JPH \rf 90.266.2-267.1; 92.887.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoqšpošinaš \a ʔoqʰšpošinaš \ps n \ge pole \ge mast \de pole; mast \xv 1. pmaquliʔiš loʔkašʔoqšpošinaš \xe 'you grab onto the pole of Venus.' \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Advice010 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔoqtowoł \a 1 \ps n \ge flute \ge whistle \de flute; whistle \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqta- (ϡinstrϡ.air) + wol ()>] \cf ʔoqtowolitš \ce to play the flute; to whistle with a whistle \xv 1. hukoqtopoyho hesikʔoqtowoł \xe 'I am going to blow my flute.' \xv 2. ʔaloqtowolitš (Ϟor tšoqtowolitš) \xe 'he is playing flute.' \xv 3. hesikʔoqtowoł \xe 'my flute.' \xv 4. sʔoqtowoł \xe 'his whistle.' \xv 5. tšʔoqtowolitš \xe 'he whistling with whistle in mouth.' \sd culture \sd religion \sd material \lg JPH \rf 90.269.3-270.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoqtowoł \hm 2 \ps n \ge windpipe.DIM \ge trachea.DIM \de windpipe.DIM; trachea.DIM \sd anatomy \lg TJPH \rf Weir8 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔoqtowolitš \a oqtowolitš \va (oqtowolitš) \ps v \ge play flute \ge flute, play \ge whistle with a whistle \de to play the flute; to whistle with a whistle \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqta- (ϡinstrϡ.air) + wol () + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔoqtowoł \ce flute; whistle \xv 1. tšʔoqtowolitš \xe 'he is whistling with whistle instrument.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksaqsumu sikoqtowolitš \xe 'I began to learn to play the flute.' \sd verbs \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.270.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoqtšon \ps n \ge urine of a baby \de urine of a baby \mr [< ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxšol (urinate.ϡdimϡ)>] \cf ʔoxšoł \ce urine \cf oxšoł \ce to urinate \sd body \sd diminutives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.892.1} \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoqwo \a ʔoqʰwo \a ʔoqʰwò \rd ʔoqʔoqwoʔo \ps n \ge hair (head) \de hair (head) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼoqwon̓ ‘head; hair (of head),’ INZ ʼoqwon̓ ‘head; hair,’ PUY oqwo ‘hair/head’ (Whistler 1980: 21; SYBCI 2007: 258; Harrington 1986: 3.6.19.1, 25.1) \cf ʔałtipʔoqwo \ce one with much hair (on the head) \cf ʔatsʔəs \ce facial hair; beard \cf ʔepš \ce hair (head) \cf ʔišuš \ce pubic hair \cf tipʔoqwo \ce to have much hair \xv 1. sikʔoqwo \xe 'my hair.' \xv 2. tšnowo hesikʔoqwo \xe 'my hair stood on end' (from being scared). \xv 3. ʔułʔułyi ʔisʔoqwo \xe 'she had long hair.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukoxpot hesikʔoqwo kihušušʔexš \xe 'I am going to let down my hair.' \xv 5. tsiyapiyam sikʔoqwo \xe 'my hair is falling out.' \xv 6. ʔałkonoqš ʔiyʔoqwo \xe 'he cuts hair, is a barber.' \xv 7. laxula ʔan konoqsus heʔisʔoqwo, losalamtowtowš \xe 'it seems they scalped him in the war.' \xv 8. kikasʰin lokaʔoqwo kisʰukaliʔin lokasʔoqwo kʔuwe lokalutəł ʔan qnowowo \xe 'he took the hair and measured it with his own and the hair that he found was shorter.' \xv 9. tsʔatsʔəsinit \xe 'he shaved me.' \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH \rf 90.271.2- 90.273.4; 94.68 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoqwolinaʔaš \ps n \ge business \ge penis (idiomtic translation) \de business; penis (idiomtic translation) \cf oqwoli \ce business; thought; opinion \xv 1. kʔoqwolinaʔaš \xe 'my penis (lit., ‘my business’).' \rf 3.72.823.2, 90.274.4 \dt 11/Mar/2018 \lx ʔoqʰoqoqʰo \se I \ps n \ge cough.REDUP \de cough.REDUP \se II \ps v \ge cough.REDUP \de to cough.REDUP \cf ʔoqoqʰo \ce I. cough II. to cough \sd reduplications \dt 19/Jul/2018 \lx ʔoqʔoqwoʔo \ps n \ge hair (head).REDUP \de hair (head).REDUP \cf ʔoqwo \ce hair (head) \sd reduplications \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔosʔosoʔos \ps n \ge heel.REDUP \ge talon.REDUP \de heel.REDUP; talon.REDUP \cf ʔosos \ce heel; talon \sd reduplications \dt 09/May/2011 \lx ʔosos \rd ʔosʔosoʔos \ph ˈʔɔsɔs \ps n \ge heel \ge talon \de heel; talon \et *ʔososo \ec Compare BOI ʼosos ‘heel,’ CRZ ʼosos‘heel,’ INZ ʼosos ‘heel,’ PUY ʼosos ‘heel,’ OBI ʼososo ‘heel’ (Klar 1977: 93; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \xv 1. hesikʔósòs \xe 'my heel' ; 'my talon.' \sd animals \sd anatomy \sd birds \lg JPH \rf 90.308.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoš \a ʔoštə \va (ʔoštə-) \ps v \ge sex with, have \ge fuck \de to have sex with; to fuck \ee Note the imperfective form of this verb: ʔoštəš. \cf ʔałtšuyoʔoštəš \ce fucker; one who wants to fuck \cf šuyoʔoštəš \ce to want to fuck \xv 1. kʔoš \xe 'I stick my penis in.' \xv 2. kʔoštəš \xe 'I keep moving with fucking motion.' \xv 3. kʔoš loʔkaxʔanwa \xe 'I fuck a woman (most vulgar term).' \xv 4. kʔoš sixʔanwa \xe 'I fucked a woman.' \xv 5. ʔišʔałʔoštəš \xe 'they two are fucking.' \xv 6. ʔišʔałʔoštəšwaš \xe 'they already fucked.' \xv 7. piškə ʔan hupišʔoštəš \xe 'you two are going to fuck.' \xv 8. tšišʔoštəš loʔkaxʔanwa loʔkaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man and woman fuck together.' \xv 9. kikašʔoš lokaxʔanwa kilokatsʔohoy ʔan lasaliqisqisə \xe 'and he fucks, the hen and the other one was just looking on.' \xv 10. kqisqisənwunwaš šiʔišʔatʔaxtʔaxatš səʔəqəy, pakeʔet ʔan xaʔax kilokatsʔohoy ʔan tanimitʔi, kʰanwa ʔišʰuyoʔoš lokamitʔi lokaxʔanwa kəʔəqəy ʔan tsmaqutinaʔał lokaxaʔax kištitap lokatanimitʔi \xe 'I used to see roosters, one was big and one smaller, when the little one wanted a hen the big one came running and chased the little one away.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \sd body \lg JPH \rf 71.903.1-2; 90.308.2-309.3 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoteł \ps n \ge hotel \de hotel \gn hotel \dn hotel \mr [] \xv 1. lokoʔoteł kałmušpiwetš ʔan kałʔəhə šipštə \xe 'a cheap hotel has a lot of lice.' \xv 2. kisupuwe sikwałtu soʔoteł Los Angeles \xe 'I rented a room at a hotel in Los Angeles.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.310.1; 92.604.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔowow \ps v \ge white, be \de to be white \cf ʔałʔowow \ce smth white; whiteness \cf apoʔowow \ce to bleach from heat \cf qitʔowow \ce to be whitish \cf soʔowow \ce to make white \cf tanoʔowow \ce to be whitish \xv 1. tsʔowow \xe 'it is white.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʔowow \xe 'I am white.' \xv 3. tsʔowow ʔisiwaxa \xe 'it is white with excrement.' \xv 4. tsʔowow loʔištelèx \xe 'he has a white tail.' \xv 5. pakeʔet sixəp saʔałʔowow \xe 'one white stone.' \xv 6. ʔiškom sixəp siʔišʔałʔowow \xe 'two white stones.' \xv 7. masəx sixəp siyʔiʔałʔowow \xe 'three white stones.' \xv 8. lokakʰxəp ʔan ʔałʔowo \xe 'my stone is white.' \xv 9. tsʔowow, kʔuwe tšipšə̀ł \xe 'it is white, but it is roasted.' \xv 10. lokašʰatiwə ʔan wašətš ʔixʔanwa, ʔałʔowow ʔan ʔałtipʔatəšwə \xe 'his wife was a good looking woman, light complexioned, but had lots of herbs.' \xv 11. tšiwaqšik šaʔaliqstahay ka saʔałʔowow ka šaʔałtšošoy \xe 'they are painted red and white and black.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd colors \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.402; 90.313.1-315.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoxał \ps n \ge button hole \de button hole \mr [] \cf ʔoxałtš \ce to make button holes in \xv 1. pakeʔet soʔoxał \xe '[one] button hole.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd clothes \lg JPH \rf 90.281.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxałtš \ps v \ge make button holes in \de to make button holes in \mr [<ʔoxal (button hole) + -tš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔoxał \ce button hole \xv 1. hukʔoxałtš \xe 'I am going to make buttonholes in it.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \rf 90.281.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxkoʔow \a ʔoxkow \va (ʔoxkow-) \ps n \ge molar \de molar \gn muela \dn muela \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔoxkowiwaš \pde molar.DEPR \cf ʔoxkowiwaš \ce old molar \cf sa \ce tooth/teeth \xv 1. sikʔoxkoʔow \xe 'my molars.' \xv 2. ʔoxkowiwaš \xe 'old molar tooth.' \xv 3. kušiʔik sikʔoxkoʔow \xe 'my molar aches.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 90.494.1; 92.904.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔoxkowiwaš \ps n \ge molar.DEPR \de old molar \mr [<ʔoxkoʔow (molar) + -iwaš (ϡdeprϡ)>] \xv 1. ʔoxkowiwaš \xe 'old molar tooth.' \cf ʔoxkoʔow \ce molar \sd depreciatives \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxkʔoho \ps n \ge thunder \de thunder \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxkʔoho (thunder)>] \cf oxkʔoho \ce to thunder \xv 1. soʔoxkʔoho \xe 'the thunder.' \sd elements \sd nature \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.282.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxoy \ps n \ge small gathering basket \ge basket, small gathering \ge gathering basket, small \de small gathering basket \ee The ͽʔoxoy was used to collect items on the beach, but it was not used for gathering acorns. \cf tsaya \ce large gathering basket; leaching basket \xv 1. knunaʔał soʔoxoy kił tsaya ʔan mə \xe 'I took the small gathering basket (ͽʔoxoy) but the large gathering basket (ͽtsaya) I left behind.' \sd culture \sd basketry \sd ocean \sd food \lg JPH \rf 90.288.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxšoł \ps n \ge urine \de urine \gn orín \dn orín \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxšol (urinate)>] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔoqtšon \pde urine.DIM \cf ʔoqtšon \ce urine of a baby \cf ʔoxšoləʔəš \ce chamber pot; piss pot \cf ʔoxšoləš \ce urine (outside the body) \cf oxšoł \ce to urinate \xv 1. hesikʔoxšoł \xe 'my urine.' \sd body \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.914.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxšoləʔəš \ps n \ge chamber pot \ge piss pot \de chamber pot; piss pot \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxšol (urinate) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔoxšoł \ce urine \cf oxšoł \ce to urinate \sd culture \sd material \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.297.2-3; 93.332.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxšoləš \ps n \ge urine (outside the body) \de urine (outside the body) \ee Harrington's notes indicate that this is the same word as ͽʔoxšoləʔəš. As can be seen, however, the words have different referents. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxšol (urinate) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔoxšoł \ce urine \cf oxšoł \ce to urinate \xv 1. tšuxš hešoʔoxšoləš \xe 'this urine stinks.' \xv 2. kipiyiqip hałʔoxšoləš! \xe 'fill it with urine!' \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.332.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxtokokəʔəš \ps n \ge toaster \ge utensil for toasting \de toaster; utensil for toasting \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxtokok (toast grain) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf oxtokok \ce to toast grain \sd food \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.300.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxtokokəš \ps n \ge popped grain \ge grain, popped \de popped grain \gn esquite \dn esquite \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxtokok (toast grain) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf oxtokok \ce to toast grain \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.300.4-301.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxtokow \cf ʔoxtokow̓ \ce snow \sd variations \dt 01/Nov/2011 \lx ʔoxtokow̓ \rd ʔoxʔoxtokoʔow \a ʔoxtokow \a oktokow \va (ʔoxtokow; oktokow) \ps n \ge snow \de snow \gn nieve \dn nieve \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + oxto (be cold) + kow ()>] \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼoxtokoʼ ‘hail,’ CRZ ʼoqtokow ⁓ hoqtokow ‘snow; ice,’ INZ ʼoxtokow̓ ‘ice; hail; hailstone; cold(ness),’ PUY ʼax̂tokò ‘snow’ (Whistler 1980: 21; Beeler & Klar 1977: 23; SYBCI 2007: 261; Harrington 1986: 3.6.22.2) \cf oxto \ce to feel cold; to be cold (said of a person) \cf oxtokow̓ \ce to snow \cf šup ʔi ʔoxtokow \ce Sierra Nevada \xv 1. tsapiyam soʔoxtokow \xe 'it is snowing.' \xv 2. šup ʔi ʔoxtokow \xe 'Sierra Nevada.' \xv 3. kəpə ʔan tsiyapiyam soʔoxtokow̓ \xe 'snow is falling.' \sd elements \sd meteorology \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.234.1; 90.8.4, 303.1-304.1; 94.356.4 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoxtowoł \ps n \ge trachea \ge windpipe \de windpipe; trachea \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + aqta- (ϡinstrϡ.air) + wol ()>] \cf ʔoqtowoł2 \ce windpipe.DIM; trachea.DIM \cf oqtowolitš \ce to play flute \xv 1. sikʔoxtowoł \xe 'my windpipe.' \xv 2. tsʔoxtowoł \xe 'his windpipe.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.306.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxwo \ph ˈˀɔxwɔ \hm 1 \ps n \ge gopher \de gopher \ee Harrington notes that this is the dim. of ͽʔoqwo 'hair of head.' \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔoxwonoynoy \pde gopher.DIM \xv 1. kuliʔiš soʔoxwò kikawə̀y kanawa šipʰšə̀ł kikʔùw \xe 'I catch a gopher and I roast him and when it is done I eat him.' \xv 2. tsuwaʔipʰšnənə̀ ʔisiwon loʔkaʔoxwò \xe 'the gopher makes a sound like mucous in a dying person: [ç ç ç ç].' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.787.1-793.1; 94.68.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoxwo \hm 2 \ps n \ge frontal fontanel (in infants) \ge fontanel (in infants), frontal \de frontal fontanel (in infants) \gn mollera \dn mollera \xv 1. tsapiyam ʔisʔoxwo \xe 'the frontal fontanel fell.' \xv 2. tsamsapətinus ʔisʔoxwo \xe 'they raise the frontal fontanel' (by pressing the roof of the baby’s mouth with finger to raise it again). \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.306.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoxwoškʔoloł \ps n \ge duck species \de duck species \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.540.1-541.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔoxʔoxtokoʔow \ps n \ge snow.REDUP \de snow.REDUP \cf ʔoxtokow̓ \ce snow \sd reduplications \dt 22/Apr/2011 \lx ʔoya \ps n \ge olla \ge pot, large earthenware \de olla; large earthenware pot \xv 1. kapʔoya \xe 'your olla.' \xv 2. tštiwekey losoʔoya \xe 'she is scraping out the olla.' \xv 3. huksukwey hešiletši lokaʔoya \xe 'I will pour milk into the olla.' \sd food \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH \rf 90.261.3-262.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ʔoyi \ps v \ge side, be to one \ge twisted, be \ge crooked, be \de to be to one side; to be twisted; to be crooked \sy kowowo \cf ʔałʔoyi \ce wry one \cf aloʔoyi \ce to be lying on one side \cf otoyi \ce to lie down \cf qinoyi \ce to be cross-eyed \cf suwoloyi \ce to topple smth; to fell \cf woloyi \ce to fall over (as is said of a tree) \cf wošʔotoyi \ce to be laid out \xv 1. tsʔoyi \xe 'it is bent to one side.' \xv 2. tsaloʔoyi \xe 'it is on one side.' \xv 3. ʔałʔoyi ʔisʔək \xe 'he has a mouth twisted to one side.' \xv 4. ʔałʔoyi ʔišnuxš \xe 'he has a crooked nose.' \xv 5. tsʔoyi ʔišyəwəš \xe 'its head is twisted.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.235.2; 90.9.4, 262.3-263.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔoyo \ps vt \ge help \de to help \cf ʔałʔałʔoyo \ce assistant; helper \xv 1. hukʔoyonił \xe 'I am going to help you.' \xv 2. hukʔoyonus \xe 'I am going to help him.' \xv 3. hukʔoyonuʔus \xe 'I am going over to another place to help him.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukʔoyonus \xe 'I am going to help him.' \xv 5. ʔoyonit kihukʰkumli! \xe 'help me to reach the place!' \xv 6. ʔoyonus lokaʔulišutš \xe 'thou shalt help the prisoner.' \xv 7. tsišʔoyonìtʰ tšʔišqunqunup ʔiškom̓ \xe 'the two boys helped me.' \xv 8. kʰin pakeʔet ʔištum saʔatuštap kikakuštipey siwínù kikaqmił kitsʔoyonit kʔuwe laxutaxtaxšətš \xe 'I beat up raw egg with wine and it seems to give me strength, it helps me.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.263.3-265.3; Daughter113 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔoyoso \ps n \ge bumblebee \de bumblebee \gn jicote \dn jicote \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼoyosow ‘bumblebee,’ INZ ʼoyosow ‘bee,’ OBI t-olo ‘bumblebee’ (Klar 1977: 69) \xv 1. lokaʔoyoso ʔan tsaxaptəməmə \xe 'the wasp goes buzzing.' \xv 2. lokoʔoyoso ʔan munatštə kʰusʔəhə \xe 'the wasps are not found in great numbers.' \sd animals \sd insects \sd nature \rf 89.414.2, 537.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔukaʔaʔał \a ʔukaʔaʔał \ps pro \de conditional interrogative pronoun \ee Glossed as INTRR.COND. \mr [<ʔu- (ϡcondϡ) + ka (ϡdem.redupϡ) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ)>] \xv 1. kisaqnitoxlołkʔoy ʔalaxuwə̀ł, “ʔukaʔaʔał hušnehet? kihukpošotš nełsalinetus loʔkakʔiwə kisəhəʔə̀n ʔisutʔaw, ki no kʔuwe kʔalištaxan̓” \xe 'and coyote got to thinking, “what should I do? for I will know how my comrade is a great hunter, and I will myself take courage.” ' \sd pronouns \sd untranslated \lg TJPH \rf 69.1087.2/Roadrunner20-23 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔul- \cf ʔula- \ce conditional verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 21/Jun/2018 \lx ʔułʔułkuʔuw \ps n \ge night.REDUP \ge nighttime.REDUP \de night.REDUP; nighttime.REDUP \cf ʔułkuw \ce night; nighttime \sd reduplications \dt 09/May/2011 \lx ʔułʔułyaʔa \ps n \ge finger (of the hand).REDUP \ge toe.REDUP \de finger (of the hand).REDUP; toe.REDUP \cf ʔułya \ce finger (of the hand); toe \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔułʔułyi \ps v \ge long, be.REDUP \ge tall, be.REDUP \de to be long.REDUP; to be tall.REDUP \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \sd reduplications \dt 28/Dec/2010 \lx ʔula- \a ʔul- \a ula- \va (ʔul-, ula-) \ps vpre \ge COND \de conditional verbal prefix \ee This would seem to indicate positive condition. Glossed as COND. \xv 1. ʔulasmusʔił hałʔaskuał ʔan əwəsamaqmił site \xe 'if it were not for the sugar, nobody would drink tea.' \xv 2. ʔulamuʔəhə hałtsʔixip, ʔan ʔəwəlasməkənli hałtšpelonušaʔaš \xe 'if he did not earn a lot he would not go so far to shear.' \xv 3. kay ʔulawə kʰšuwaqʰmaš ʔan naštəəə hukiqisə heʔišup kaštə tšixipʰš \xe 'if only I had not rejected [it], we would have seen the world be more perfect and beautiful.' \xv 4. ulaktapušwaʔaš ʔan muhustaktə lokašʰatiwə \xe 'if I had gone to visit the man, he would not have killed his wife.' \xv 5. ulaktotsʔi hesitorri \xe 'if I kick this tower […].' \xv 6. ʔulaktšotšonəʔəš \xe 'if I were a fish […].' \xv 7. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \xv 8. nełʔuluknetus kuhukaqwayapiyuw \xe 'how am I going to revenge myself on you people?' \xv 9. ʔulakhin hałkatu \xe 'I would rather have a cat.' \xv 10. ʔulanonwaʔaš \xe 'that I had been.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd mood \lg TJPH \rf 89.691.1; 91.68.3; 92.725.2; Daughter56; Pico 1888 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuleʔle \cf ʔulele \ce to lull (a baby); to have a good time \sd variations \dt 05/Nov/2011 \lx ʔulele \a ʔuleʔle \ps v \ge lull (a baby) \ge have a good time \ge good time, have a \de to lull (a baby); to have a good time \mr [<ʔu () + lele (make sudden vocalizations)>] \cf nəw \ce to sing \xv 1. hukʔulele \xe 'I am going to lull a baby.' \xv 2. ʔulele kakisiqunup \xe 'lull that baby!' \xv 3. no ʔan hukʔulele \xe 'I am going to lullaby a baby.' \xv 4. kəpə heʔismayə piyakʰtiwəšiyùw hukiʔuleʔle \xe 'now tonight come with us, we are going to have a good time.' \sd language \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.179.1; 91.367.1-2; Coyo64-65 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuliš \ps n \ge handle \de handle \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uliʔiš(ʔ) (take; catch; grab)>] \sy ʔulišmu \cf ʔulišʔetš \ce to have a handle \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. lokašʔuliš \xe 'its handle.' \xv 2. tsʔił ʔišʔuliš \xe 'it has a handle.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.377.4-378.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔulišʔetš \ps v \ge handle, have a \ge have a handle \de to have a handle \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uliʔiš(ʔ) (take; catch; grab) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałʔulišʔetš \pde to have a handle.NZ \cf ʔuliš \ce handle \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. ʔałʔulišʔetš \xe 'it has a handle.' \sd tools \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.379.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔulišmu \ps n \ge handle \de handle \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uliʔiš(ʔ) (take; catch; grab) + -mu (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \sy ʔuliš \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. tšʔulišmu \xe 'its handle.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.379.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔulišutš \ps n \ge captive \ge prisoner \de captive; prisoner \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uliʔiš(ʔ) (take; catch; grab) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. ʔoyonus lokaʔulišutš \xe 'thou shalt help the prisoner.' \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.379.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔulixon \ps n \ge dried (fruit) \de dried (fruit) \mr [] \xv 1. ʔulixon ʔimantsana \xe 'dried apples.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.377.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔułkulo \ps v \ge eat up \de to eat up \ee This is Xom̓ (Castaic) dialect for ʔuwlilo ‘to eat up’ \xv 1. kʔułkulo \xe 'I am eating.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd dialects \lg JPH \rf 91.388.1-2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ʔułkum̓ \cf ʔuškum̓ \ce fog \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2011 \lx ʔułkuw \rd ʔułʔułkuʔuw \a ʔułkuw̥ \va (ʔułkuw̥) \ps n \ge night \ge nighttime \de night; nighttime \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ulkuw (be night)>] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \xv 1. neʔesməkəʔə suʔułkuw \xe 'it is already very [late in] the night.' \xv 2. neʔesułkuw̥ \xe 'it is already night.' \xv 3. pakeʔet suʔułkuw̥ \xe 'one night.' \xv 4. ʔipštewe łʔułkuw \xe 'how many nights?' \xv 5. ʔipštewe špełwe \xe 'how many nights did you sleep there?' \xv 6. wašətš ʔisułkuw \xe 'good night.' \xv 7. kəpə hesiʔułkuw \xe 'tonight.' \xv 8. tsmaqtuʔu suʔułkuw \xe 'it is midnight.' \xv 8. kʰkuta ʔismaqtuʔu suʔułkuw \xe 'I got up at midnight.' \xv 9. qnowowo suʔułkuw, ʔułyi šiʔišaw \xe 'the night is short, the day is long.' \xv 10. kikanawa sułkuw ʔan tsiyʔuwit šipštə \xe 'and in the night the fleas bit me.' \xv 11. lokamakał ʔan tšulišwu sinunatšəʔətš siʔiʔalalixoyoyo sinawa sułkuw \xe 'the bat catches night-flying insects.' \xv 12. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan latšə ʔisalinałnaʔał suʔułʔułkuʔuw, kiʔišnaxyət ʔan tšaliqšihitš \xe 'the raccoon always wanders about nights and sleeps during the day.' \xv 13. ʔałtsiyalinałnaʔał ʔisułkuw, kisinawa ʔišnaxyət ʔan tsuniyəw ʔiswał sipon̓ kikaswe \xe 'the bats fly in the night and in the morning hunt a hole in a tree and sleep.' \sd chronometry \sd common \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 91.388.4-392.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔułteteš \ps n \ge ground meal sifted from fine meal \de ground meal sifted from fine meal \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ultet (grind coarse meal sifted from fine meal) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ułtet \ce to grind coarse meal sifted from fine meal \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.393.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔułwaxəš \ps n \ge strip (of meat, etc.) \de strip (of meat, etc.) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ulwax (cut (a) strip(s) of) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ułwax \ce to cut strip of \xv 1. neʔeʔułwaxəš \xe 'it is already cut into strips.' \xv 2. pakeʔet suʔułwaxəš \xe 'one strip.' \xv 3. kułwaxš \xe 'I cut strips.' \sd clothes \sd animals \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.396.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔułya \rd ʔułʔułyaʔa \ps n \ge finger (of the hand) \ge toe \de finger (of the hand); toe \xv 1. hesipʔułya \xe 'thy finger.' \xv 2. hesikʔułya \xe 'my finger.' \xv 3. heʔisʔułya \xe 'his finger.' \xv 4. hesikʔułʔułyáʔà \xe 'my fingers.' \xv 5. suʔułya saʔałliyək \xe 'middle finger.' \xv 6. tspahaʔa heʔisʔułya \xe 'his finger is stiff.' \xv 7. neʔesqʔom hesikʔułya \xe 'my finger is bent double.' \xv 8. kʰpoʔon hesikʔułya \xe 'I put my finger in my mouth.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 91.380.1-381.3; 94.279.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔułyi \rd ʔułʔułyi \ps adj \ge long, be \ge tall, be \de to be long; to be tall \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałʔułʔułyi \pde to be long.NZ; to be tall.NZ \cf ʔułyinaʔaš \ce length \cf aluʔułyiʔin \ce to lie long; to stand long \cf kaskasʔułyiʔin \ce to cut long strips of \cf luʔułyiʔin \ce to grow long \cf nuxš \ce nose \cf quluʔułyiʔin \ce to move lengthwise \cf suʔułyi \ce to lengthen smth \cf tanuʔułyi \ce to be bigger than; to be longer than \xv 1. suʔułʔułyi \xe 'long ones.' \xv 2. ʔułyi ʔi sʔəł \xe 'long-legged one.' \xv 3. heʔsixʔanwa ʔułʔułyi ʔi sʔəł \xe 'this woman has long legs.' \xv 4. no ʔan kʔułyí \xe 'I am tall.' \xv 5. ʔułyinawaš \xe 'it was tall' (said of chopped-down tree). \xv 6. ʔułyi ʔisʔaqləw \xe 'it has a long neck.' \xv 7. ʔułyi ʔisxət \xe 'he has a very large penis/erection.' \xv 8. ʔułʔułyi ʔisʔoqwo \xe 'she had long hair.' \xv 9. losuʔułʔułyi siqasqas \xe 'sandbank; dune.' \xv 10. ʔułyi ʔispiʔiw \xe 'it is very expensive.' \xv 11. ʔułyi ʔisʰupiwe \xe 'she is high-priced.' \xv 12. ʔułyi ʔiswaxa \xe 'his shit is long.' \xv 13. ʔułʔułyi ʔišinuxš \xe 'they have big noses.' \xv 14. ʔułyi ʔisʔałtsʔətsʔə \xe 'it has a long point.' \xv 15. ʔułyi šiʔišaw \xe 'the days are long.' \xv 16. ʔułʔułyi ʔisʰixway̓ \xe 'it has long claws' (said of mountain lion). \xv 17. lokaqunup ʔan husʔułyi \xe 'the boy is going to be tall.' \xv 18. ʔułyi hesitipəšəš \xe 'this seam is long' (said of seam in my shirt). \xv 19. lokaʔiʔałʔułʔułyi ʔisʰap \xe 'long-horned cattle.' \xv 20. qnowowo suʔałkuw, ʔułyi šiʔišaw \xe 'the night is short, the day is long.' \xv 21. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan ułʔułyi heʔispú \xe 'this man has his hands very long.' \xv 22. ʔułyi ʔi pon̓ \xe 'Palo Alto.' \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd vadjectivals \sd stative \sd idioms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.95.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔułyinaʔaš \a ułyinaʔàš \ps n \ge length \de length \mr [<ʔułyi (be long) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \xv 1. ksukumu hałtšʔułyinaʔaš \xe 'I measured its length.' \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.387.4; WeircC6 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔumumuʔu \ps n \ge food.REDUP \de food.REDUP \cf ʔuwmu \ce food \sd reduplications \dt 09/Feb/2011 \lx ʔunapət \ps n \ge stairway \ge ladder \de stairway; ladder \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + un- () + apət (tread on; step on)>] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. hesikʔunapət \xe 'my stairway' ; 'my ladder.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.397.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔunu \ps v \ge grandchild \de grandchild \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼun̓u ‘grandchild,’ INZ ʼunuʼ ‘grandchild through one’s son’ (Whistler 1980: 35; SYBCI 2007: 392) \mr [<ʔunuʔ>] \cf matʔunuʔuw \ce to be heir to \cf tšišʔunu \ce great-grandson \xv 1. kikasʔipus pakeʔet lokasʔunù hešaʔałmiš \xe 'and he said to his grandsons regarding the crying one.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH; TJPH; KO \rf Daughter128 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuqstilow \ps n \ge kindling \ge woodshavings \de kindling; woodshavings \xv 1. suʔuqstilow \xe 'the kindling.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukwitšwitšʔeq sikʔuqstilow \xe 'I am going to whittle little shavings or kindlings' (to make fire with). \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.357.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuqštilulu \ps n \ge small sweathouse \ge sweathouse, small \de small sweathouse \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1986: 32 35). \cf ʔapayək \ce large sweathouse \sd places \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 91.359.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuqtʔawəyəš \ps n \ge tortilla cooked on comal \ge smth baked on comal \ge comal, smth cooked on \de tortilla cooked on comal; smth baked on comal \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uqtʔ- (ϡinstrϡ.endothermic) + awəy (roast) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔawəyəš \ce roast meat \cf awəy \ce to roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers) \cf uqtʔawəy \ce to cook (tortillas) on a comal; to cook (tortillas) on top of coals \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.362.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuskikaʔaš \ps n \ge scratching instrument \de scratching instrument \ee This form should be ͽʔuškikaʔaš based on sibilant harmony rules and the morphology of the root. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + kik (rake) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf uškik \ce to scratch (oneself) \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.422.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuskum̓ \cf ʔuškum̓ \ce fog \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2011 \lx ʔustʔeymu \ps n \ge occupation \de occupation \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + tʔey (related to touching) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ustʔey \ce to rest one’s hand on; to be occupied with \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.424.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušʔem̓ \rd ʔušʔušʔeʔem \a ʔušem̓ \va (ʔušem̓) \ps n \ge water jug basket \ge basket, water jug \de water jug basket \xv 1. huki lupʔalsutiyək? lokakʔušem̓a? \xe 'in what shall you throw it? in my jug, shaln't I?' \xv 2. hesikʔušʔem̓ \xe 'my water jug.' \sd tools \sd basketry \sd water \lg JPH \rf 90.678.3; 91.433.4-434.1; Glutton48 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušʔikʔommu \a ʔušiqommu \va (ʔušiqommu) \ps n \ge storage area \ge place where things are kept \de storage area; place where things are kept \ee This may refer to a box or room for storing things. \mr [<ʔušʔikʔom (store) + –mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ušʔikʔom \ce to store; to keep/hold \xv 1. kikasʔušʔikʔommu lokašʰin ʔixpanəš \xe 'it stores its acorns.' \xv 2. musiyʔuw lokašiʔišʔikʔommu \xe 'it does not eat the ones which it has stored.' \xv 3. huksinay ʔiti kuhukełtse kuhukašiqom \xe 'I am going to put it here, wrap it up and keep it.' \sd places \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.448.1-2; 94.391.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušʔušʔeʔem \ps n \ge water jug basket.REDUP \ge basket, water jug.REDUP \de water jug basket.REDUP \cf ʔušʔem̓ \ce water jug basket \sd reduplications \dt 08/Jul/2011 \lx ʔušʔušwekey̓eš \a ʔušʔušwekeyeš \va (ʔušʔušwekeyeš) \ps n \ge rubbish pile.REDUP \ge trashcan.REDUP \de rubbish pile.REDUP; trashcan.REDUP \cf ʔušwekeyeš \ce rubbish pile; trashcan \sd reduplications \dt 24/Jan/2013 \lx ʔušem̓ \cf ʔušʔem̓ \ce water jug basket \sd variations \dt 07/Nov/2011 \lx ʔušikmu \ps n \ge pain, source of \ge source of pain \ge where one aches \de source of pain; where one aches \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ušiʔik (ache) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ušiʔik \ce to ache \xv 1. kʔušikmu \xe 'where I always ache.' \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.445.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušikʔoməš \ps n \ge smth kept \ge kept, smth \de smth kept \ee This means something that is and kept for a while without being removed. \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ušʔikʔom (store; keep/hold onto) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ušʔikʔom \ce to store; to keep/hold \xv 1. ʔušikʔoməš \xe 'it is kept.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.445.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuškikaʔaš \ps n \ge scratching instrument \de scratching instrument \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + kik (rake) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf uškik \ce to scratch (oneself) \xv 1. hešikʔuškikaʔaš \xe 'my scratcher.' \sd tools \rf 91.450.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuškum̓ \a ʔułkum̓ \a ʔuskum̓ \va (ʔułkum̓, ʔuskum̓) \ps n \ge fog \de fog \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uškum (be foggy)>] \cf uškum̓ \ce to be foggy \xv 1. nee syət suʔułkùm \xe 'the fog is already coming in.' \sd meteorology \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.456.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuškuyaʔaš \ps n \ge pointer (smth that points) \de pointer (smth that points) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uškuy (point at) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf uškuy \ce to point at; to pertain to \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.456.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušpayəʔəš \ps n \ge digging instrument \de digging instrument \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + pay (related to verticality) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ušpay \ce to dig \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.447.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušpayəš \ps n \ge hole in ground \ge pit in ground \de hole in ground; pit in ground \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + pay (related to verticality) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ušpay \ce to dig \xv 1. no ʔan huksiwałtapi lošuʔušpayəš \xe 'I am going to toss it into the hole.' \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.475.3, 478.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušqʰaləʔəš \ps n \ge wedge \de wedge \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + qʰalh (come apart) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \sy ušqʰał \cf ušqʰał \ce I. wedge II. to push open \xv 1. tsʔił ʔišiyušqaləʔəš pon̓ ʔiqwe kasila ʔisʰapsiwə tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyušqał, tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyušqał \xe 'they have their wedges of toyon wood or deerhorn, and they open or split the palo according to their desire using the wedges.' \sd verbs \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Tomol41-42 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuštap \ps n \ge oar \de oar \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + tap (enter (the residence of))>] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf ustap \ce to row \cf uštaʔap \ce to put one's hand in \xv 1. ikšit lokuʔuštap \xe 'give me the oar!' \sd culture \sd ocean \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 91.485.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuštəl \cf uštəł \ce to find; to discover \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuštʔeyeʔeš \ps n \ge antenna \de antenna \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + tʔey (related to touching) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \sd animals \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.498.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuštʔeymu \ps n \ge obligation \ge trade \de obligation; trade \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + tʔey (related to touching) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \xv 1. kʔuštʔeymu \xe 'my trade.' \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.498.4-499.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuštšʔəmənəš \ps n \ge buried, smth \de smth buried \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ustsʔəmə (bury) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ustsʔəmə \ce to bury \xv 1. ktipay suʔuštšʔəmənəš šaʔałtšum \xe 'I dug up a hidden treasure.' \xv 2. kuštəł suʔuštšʔəmənəš saʔałtšum, kiksukitwo, knunaʔał lokakʔap \xe 'I found the buried treasure, I got it and took it home.' \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.499.4-500.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuštšʔəmətšmu \ph ˀʊʃtʃ’ǝmǝtʃʰmʊ \a uštšʔəmətšmu \va (uštšʔəmətšmu) \ps n \ge cemetery \de cemetery \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ustsʔəmə (bury) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -t (ϡepthϡ) + -š (ϡipfvϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ustsʔəmə \ce to bury \sd lifecycle \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.501.1; 94.391.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušwekeyeʔeš \ps n \ge broom \de broom \gn escoba \dn escoba \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + wekʔey (scattering; wiping/sweeping) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ušwekeʔey \ce to throw away; to dump out; to sweep out \xv 1. hesikʔušwekeyeʔeš \xe 'my broom.' \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.504.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušwekeyeš \rd ʔušʔušwekey̓eš \a ʔušweqeyeš \va (ʔušweqeyeš) \ps n \ge rubbish pile \ge trashcan \de rubbish pile; trashcan \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + wekʔey (scattering; wiping/sweeping) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \sy ʔušwekeymu \cf ušwekeʔey \ce to throw away; to dump out; to sweep out \xv 1. hukušwekeʔey heʔištuwaš lošuʔušʔušwekeyeš \xe 'I am going to dump these empty clam shells in the rubbish pile or kitchen midden.' \xv 2. hukuškeʔey hesiyʔestufa, hukwatšʔəʔəw losuʔušʔušwekeyeš \xe 'I am going to throw this stove away at the rubbish pile.' \sd household \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.505.1-505.3, 506.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušwekeymu \ps n \ge rubbish pile \de rubbish pile \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + wekʔey (scattering; wiping/sweeping) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \sy ʔušwekeyeš \cf ušwekeʔey \ce to throw away; to dump out; to sweep out \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.505.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušweleneʔeš \ps n \ge stirrer \de stirrer \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + wele (stir) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf ušwele \ce to stir \cf wele \ce to stir \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.507.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔušweqeyeš \cf ʔušwekeyeš \ce rubbish pile; trashcan \sd variations \dt 11/Mar/2018 \lx ʔušwilaš \ps n \ge abundance (of food) \de abundance (of food) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) uš- (ϡinstrϡ.hands) + wil (exist) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ušwił \ce to serve (food) \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.509.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔutałtə \a utałtə \va (utałtə) \ps v \ge enemy of, be \de to be enemy of \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uti- (ϡinstrϡ.punctual) + al- (ϡstatϡ) + təl ()>] \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \xv 1. kikəpə ʔan tšišʔutałtəšiši \xe 'and now they are enemies of each other.' \xv 2. tsiyutałtəwuswu lokaʔaleman \xe 'they are enemies of the Germans.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd people \sd warfare \lg JPH \rf 91.510.4-511.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔutinay \cf ʔutinay̓ \ce cradle; Y-cradleboard \sd variations \dt 04/Jul/2018 \lx ʔutinay̓ \a ʔutinay \ps n \ge cradle \ge Y-cradleboard \de cradle; Y-cradleboard \ee See also Hudson & Blackburn (1982: 316 323). \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + utinay̓ (be in a cradle; be fastened to a cradle)>] \cf ʔutʔinay̓ \ce baby (of breast) \xv 1. hesikʔutinay \xe 'my cradle.' \xv 2. koxpotus lokaʔutinay \xe 'I undo him from the cradle.' \xv 3. loʔkasʔutinaʔy hesiqunup \xe 'the cradle of this child.' \xv 4. heʔišaliyəwəš lokaʔutinay \xe 'at the head of the baby cradle.' \xv 5. kʰkeeqweł saʔaxwi huksutipey lokaʔutinay \xe 'I am cutting a buckskin to put on the cradle.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.524.4-526.2; Hudson & Blackburn 1982: 316-323 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔutinoʔoʔo \a ʔutinoʔoʔò \ps vimp \ge oneself, do promptly \ge do promptly oneself \de to do promptly oneself \ee Initial glottal stop may be inorganic. Alternately, this may be more functionally a pronoun, in which case the initial glottal stop could be a feature of nominalization. \mr [] \cf no \ce first person singular (subject); I; me \xv 1. ʔutinoʔoʔo hukwaxaʔa \xe 'now I am going to defecate.' \xv 2. hukiyapałhay ʔapi ʔasku hałʔałxałməkəʔə ; ʔutinoʔoʔo hukapałhay \xe 'let’s see which of us 3+ can jump the furthest' ; 'now it is my turn to jump.' \xv 3. ʔutinoʔoʔo \xe 'now I am going' (when playing cards and one player gets up and I sit down and take his place I say this). \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.526.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ʔutiyəkmu \ps n \ge buggy \ge transportation \de buggy; transportation \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + utiyək (be inside) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf utiyək \ce to be contained in; to be inside \xv 1. tsiyʔutiyəkmu \xe 'their buggy.' \sd neologisms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.520.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔutʔam \a ʔutʔàm \ps n \ge river \de river \gn arroyo \gn rio \dn arroyo; rio \ee Refers to the entire river. \et *l̓VmV \ec Compare BOI ʼulam ‘river,’ CRZ ʼul̓am ‘river,’ OBI łimiʼ‘river,’ PUY ʼulam̓ ‘river’ (Klar 1977: 66; Harrington 1986: 3.6.1648.1) \cf ʔanatʔam̓am \ce raccoon \cf ʔatʔamli \ce to go along a stream; to wade \cf ʔutʔamu \ce to be flooded (said of a river) \xv 1. suʔutʔam \xe 'the river.' \xv 2. no ka kʰin hesuʔutʔam \xe 'this river belongs to me.' \xv 3. ʔitisuʔutʔam \xe 'here in the river.' \xv 4. hukʰkeʔepleł suʔutʔam \xe 'I am going to bathe in the river.' \xv 5. kuliʔiš sixwetet losuʔutʔam \xe 'I caught a frog in the river.' \xv 6. kinaʔał suʔutʔam \xe 'let’s go to the river.' \sd geography \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.507.2; 90.231.1; 91.534.4-536.1; Daughter116 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔutʔamu \a ʔutʔamun \va (ʔutʔamun-) \ps v \ge flooded (said of a river), be \de to be flooded (said of a river) \mr [<ʔutʔam (river) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \cf ʔutʔam \ce river \xv 1. tsʔutʔamu \xe 'it made a flood.' \xv 2. kʰan susʔutʔamu \xe 'when it is going to become a flood.' \xv 3. tšʔutʔamunwaš ʔiti suʔutʔam \xe 'here in the river there was a big flood.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.536.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔutʔaw \cf utʔaʔaw \ce to hunt \sd variations \dt 06/Sep/2011 \lx ʔutʔawəʔəš \ps n \ge smth for hunting small game \de smth for hunting small game \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + utʔaʔaw (hunt) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf utʔaʔaw \ce to hunt \xv 1. ya ʔi ʔutʔawəʔəš \xe 'arrow for killing small game' (not good for killing larger game like bears). \sd tools \sd archery \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.537.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔutʔinay̓ \ps n \ge baby (of breast) \de baby (of breast) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + utinay̓ (be in a cradle; be fastened to a cradle)>] \cf ʔaqškʔutinay̓ \ce plaything; toy \cf ʔutinay̓ \ce cradle; Y-cradleboard \cf sutinay̓ \ce to put in a cradle (said of a baby) \xv 1. kakutʔinay̓ \xe 'my baby.' \sd people \sd kinship \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.14.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuw \rd ʔuwʔuw \a uw \va (uw) \ps v \ge eat \ge bite \de to eat; to bite \et *ʔuw (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI ʼuw ‘to eat,’ OBI ʼuwma ‘food,’ INZ ʼuw ‘to eat,’ PUY ʼuʼu ‘to eat,’ OBI ʼuʼ ⁓ ʼuw ‘to eat’ (Klar 1977: 83) \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \cf ʔuwliloʔo \ce to go smwh to eat \cf ʔuwlilonmu \ce where one eats \cf ʔuwlilonutš \ce to have eaten \cf ʔuwmu \ce food \cf ʔuwš \ce to sting \cf ʔuwutš \ce to be bitten \cf apuʔuw \ce to peck \cf soʔowus \ce to fast \cf suʔuwlilo \ce to feed \cf susʔuw \ce to force-feed \cf suyuw \ce to like eating; to want to eat \cf suw \ce to poison \cf tsaqskʔuwwaxa \ce maggot \cf unuʔuw \ce to breakfast; to eat in the morning \xv 1. hukʔuw \xe 'I am going to eat.' \xv 2. mukʔuw ʔałhaputš \xe 'I do not eat meat.' \xv 3. muštšum lusamʔuw \xe 'it is no good to eat.' \xv 4. wašətš ʔisamʔuw \xe 'it is good to eat, it is good food.' \xv 5. hukʔuw ʔisandia \xe 'I am going to eat watermelon.' \xv 6. naxyət hukʔuw \xe 'tomorrow I am going to eat it.' \xv 7. tsiyʔuwit šipštə \xe 'the louse bit me.' \xv 8. tsinunaxyəʔət ʔisiyʔuwit \xe 'they bit me all night.' \xv 9. tsʔuwit ʔišətəłhəł \xe 'a large red ant bit me.' \xv 10. axakšit lupałʔuw \xe 'give me something to eat, anything you have.' \xv 11. husʔuwwaʔaš pakeʔet \xe 'she was going to eat one.' \xv 12. latšə ʔisiyʔuwit lokakʔan \xe 'the mosquitos suck my blood all the time.' \xv 13. tsiyaqtuniyəw suliyʔuw \xe 'they seek their food.' \xv 14. kəwə lakasiyʔuwmu səʔəqəy \xe 'for it is eaten by chickens.' \xv 15. neʔešwašətš lokahukiʔałʔuw \xe 'our meal is ready.' \xv 16. wašətš ʔi samuw tšaqnitšum \xe 'it is good food.' \xv 17. yəlaʔa lokalamnikətus ʔan lašnəkəkš ʔisʔuw \xe 'all that they brought her she ate herself.' \xv 18. lakʰan ʔisqisə lokayułʔuw ʔan tsxałpiʔi \xe 'when he sees what he is going to eat he gets or pounces on top of it.' \xv 19. wašətš ʔišup kaypi ki sʔəhə sulamʔuw \xe 'it is a good year and therefore there is a lot of food.' \xv 20. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan ʔałtsuyuʔuw siʔuwas kaʔisandiya, kašaʔałhaputš, layəlaʔa tsʔuw \xe 'the raccoon likes to eat grapes, watermelon, meat, everything.' \xv 21. lokaʔəqəy ʔan musʔił tsʰa, ʔan tsʔił ʔismixəp, tsiyutiyək siqəpqəʔəp kikałʔiyaqisə lokaqəpqəʔəp sałʔuw \xe 'the hen has no teeth, but a gizzard and it contains stones and grinds its food fine.' \xv 22. lakəkš lokakšatiwə kałʔiyʔuw, yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə lokašiyʔuwutš kaštep ʔan tšapuqštahay \xe 'they only bite my wife, all her body where the fleas bite her is slightly red.' \xv 23. kiyʔuwʔuw šitšotšonəʔəš ʔan kqisə ʔan tsʔił ʔisʰin tskonin, kikamukʔuwliloniʔiy kilokatsʔotsʔohoʔoy ʔan tsiyaxtšaqnitšum \xe 'we were eating fish and I noticed there were worms in them and I didn’t eat any more, but the other people ate them as a delicious thing.' \xv 25. tšiyutuxš hesulamʔuw \xe 'he is smelling the food.' \xn 'está oliendo la comida.' \sd food \sd common \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.584.2; 91.539.4-546.3; 94.253.1; Glutton24 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuwʔuw \ps v \ge eat.REDUP \ge bite.REDUP \de eat.REDUP; bite.REDUP \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \sd reduplications \dt 08/Nov/2011 \lx ʔuwʔuweneʔeš \ps n \ge things used.REDUP \ge things needed.REDUP \de things used.REDUP; things needed.REDUP \cf ʔuweneʔeš \ce things used; things needed \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwʔuwliloʔo \a uwʔuwliloʔo \va (uwʔuwliloʔo) \ps v \ge eat up.REDUP \ge eat completely.REDUP \de to eat up.REDUP; to eat completely.REDUP \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwas \ps n \ge grape \de grape \mr [] \xv 1. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan ʔałtsuyuʔuw siʔuwas kaʔisandiya, kašaʔałhaputš; layəlaʔa tsʔuw \xe 'the raccoon likes to eat grapes, watermelon, meat, everything.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 93.343.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwe \ps v \ge need \de to need \cf ʔuweneʔeš \ce things used; things needed \xv 1. munalukʔuwe \xe 'I do not need it for anything.' \xv 2. munalukišʔuwe \xe 'we two do not need it.' \xv 3. nelupʔuwe lokapʔolototš \xe 'why do you need your quiver?' \xv 4. mupʔip lokaštə lyos simunalupʔuwe \xe 'do not take the name of the Lord in vain.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 91.547.1-548.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuweneʔeš \rd ʔuwʔuweneʔeš \ps n \ge things used \ge things needed \de things used; things needed \mr [<ʔuwe (need) + –n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \sy šunuwušaʔaš \cf ʔuwe \ce to need \xv 1. hesikʔuwuweneʔeš \xe 'the things I use.' \xv 2. lokašiyʔuwuweneʔeš \xe 'the things which they use (for doing their work or anything).' \xv 3. lokatsʔohtsʔohoʔoy kaʔuwʔuweneʔeš \xe 'the other things.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.548.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwlilo \a ʔuw̓lilo \a uwlilo \a ʔuwlilò \va (ʔuw̓lilo, uwlilo) \rd ʔuwʔuwliloʔo \ps v \ge eat up \ge eat completely \de to eat up; to eat completely \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \cf ʔuwliloʔo \ce to go smwh to eat \cf ʔuwlilonmu \ce where one eats \cf ʔuwlilonutš \ce to have eaten \cf suʔuwlilo \ce to feed \xv 1. hukilikʔe kuhukʔuwlilo \xe 'I am going to sit down while I eat.' \xv 2. kikanupan tštiyət kikasʔuwlilo \xe 'and he comes and eats him up.' \xv 3. tsiyʔuwlilo sitšotšonəʔəš \xe 'the fishes are eating him.' \xv 4. kaxiqšihitš (Ϟor kʔuwlilo, Ϟor kaxiqšihitš sikʔuwlilo) \xe 'I eat dinner.' \xv 5. kaʔaškoʔm šiʔišaw tsuwʔuwliloʔo \xe 'for ten days she dined every day.' \xv 6. kanawa skuʔum susʔuwlilo \xe 'when her mealtime arrived.' \xv 7. kašulapił kihukišnaʔał lokakʔap kihukišʔuwlilo \xe 'I invited you to my house to eat with me.' \xv 8. nełtšnehet kimupʔuwʔlilonwaš pi \xe 'why did you not eat?' \xv 9. lokaqunup ʔan tšmišmišwaš kinupan sʔuwlilo \xe 'the boy cried and after he ate.' \xv 10. lokaqunup ʔan tšmišmiš kahe tsʔuwʔuwlilo \xe 'the boy was crying while he was eating.' \xv 11. kasinowonəʔəš ʔisiyʔuwlilo ʔan tsimaqmaqutinaʔał \xe 'it it their custom to feast as they run along' (said of wolves eating cattle). \xv 12. lašinunašəši ʔisiyʔuwlilo, kilašiyušʰo hesiplatu musiyexe \xe 'the people are eating their meal like so many animals, they leave it on their plates, they do not eat it up clean.' \xv 13. kaʔaškom̓ šiʔišaw tsuwʔuwliloʔo kahe tsaqaqmiʔił soʔoxšoləš latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw \xe 'for ten days she kept feasting and drinking urine every day.' \xv 14. kiyʔuwʔuw šitšotšonəʔəš ʔan kqisə ʔan tsʔił ʔisʰin tskonin, kikamukʔuwliloniʔiy kilokatsʔotsʔohoʔoy ʔan tsiyaxtšaqnitšum \xe 'we were eating fish and I noticed there were worms in them and I didn’t eat any more, but the other people ate them as a delicious thing.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd common \lg TJPH; KO \rf 91.153.3, 548.4-552.4; Glutton82 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwliloʔo \ps v \ge go smwh to eat \ge eat, go smwh to \de to go smwh to eat \mr [<ʔuwlilo (eat up.ϡredupϡ)>] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \xv 1. hukʔuwliloʔo \xe 'I am going over to another place to take a meal.' \xv 2. husiyʔuwliloʔo \xe 'they are going over there to eat.' \xv 3. kayukʔuwliloʔo lositsʔohoy siyʔap \xe 'I am going to eat in another house.' \sd verbs \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.555.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwlilonmu \ps n \ge where one eats \de where one eats \mr [<ʔuwlilo (eat up) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \xv 1. kʔuwe kasʔip kaʔiti kasʔuwlilonmu \xe 'but he said they eat here.' \sd places \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.553.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwlilonutš \ps v \ge eaten, have \de to have eaten \mr [<ʔuwlilo (eat up) + -n (ϡvz.iiϡ) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \xv 1. nełpʔuwlilonutš \xe 'where did you eat (your meal)?' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.553.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwmu \rd ʔumumuʔu \ps n \ge food \de food \ee This may refer to any type of food. \mr [<ʔuw (eat; bite) + -mu (ϡnz.locϡ)>] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \xv 1. lokakʔuwmu \xe 'my food.' \xv 2. kiyʔuwmu \xe 'our food.' \xv 3. nełtsaqniʔip hesuʔuwmu \xe 'how does this food taste?' \xv 4. no ʔan kušwił pakpakeʔet yəlaʔa lokuʔuwmu \xe 'I served or dealt out all the food to the people at the table.' \xv 5. lokakiyʔuwmu lokapaliklikšiyuw latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw ʔan ikšiyuw kəpə hešiʔišaw \xe 'give us today our daily bread.' \xv 6. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔuwmu \xe 'edible bird.' \sd common \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.53; 91.554.1-555.3; 94.394.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwš \ps v \ge sting \de to sting \mr [<ʔuw (eat; bite) + -š (ϡipfvϡ)>] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \xv 1. tšiyʔuwš sinawa siyułtʔuł \xe 'they sting people when they are angry.' \xv 2. kałtsʔə ʔišiyʔuwš, kilokaʔawexa ʔan mulasutsʔəʔəʔə \xe 'it stings worse than the bee.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.555.4-556.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuwutš \ps v \ge bitten, be \de to be bitten \mr [<ʔuw (eat; bite) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ)>] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \xv 1. lakəkš lokakšatiwə kałʔiyʔuw, yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə lokašiyʔuwutš kaštep ʔan tšapuqštahay \xe 'they only bite my wife, all her body where the fleas bite her is slightly red.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.556.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuw̓lilo \cf ʔuwlilo \ce to eat up; to eat completely \sd variations \dt 24/Jul/2018 \lx ʔuxmałhinaʔaš \ps n \ge washboard \de washboard \mr [] \cf uxmałhin \ce to wash smth \xv 1. latšə sikqisə heʔismaʔam lokakʔuxmałhinaʔaš siʔitʔepeš \xe 'I continually see a snake under my washboard.' \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.408.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuxmałtapəʔəš \ps n \ge ramrod \de ramrod \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uxmalh- (pushing/pulling motion) + tap (visit; enter (the residence of)) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf uxmałtap \ce to poke or ram (as with a stick) \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.409.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuxpaʔaš \ps n \ge otter \de otter \xv 1. tspax ʔi ʔuxpaʔàš \xe 'otter skin.' \xv 2. lokaʔuxpaʔàš ʔan tšʔołpòš \xe 'the otter is very alert, looks around all the time.' \xv 3. nayišiyaqʰšanì loʔkaʔuxpaʔàš kəpə heʔiskiyałkumpiʔì \xe 'the otters are all gone now [in the present day].' \xv 4. loʔkaʔuxpaʔàš ʔan loʔisʔəł kasʔił ʔisʔustapʰ kikałtsunuwus ʔisaqiwəwə, kiloʔispu ʔan musʔił tsuštap \xe 'the otter has its hind legs webbed and it uses them to swim with, its front legs are not webbed.' \xv 5. tšnunàʔàł loʔkatałhəw tštekełhem̓ laʔkʰan ʔispakeʔèt kišiʔiškom̓ ʔitałhəw ʔan tštoqʔololì pakeʔet kaloʔkatsʔohoy pakeʔet ʔismotʔò \xe 'it carries its offspring in its arms, one of the two offspring it carries under the arm, the other it carries on the other side.' \xv 6. loʔkatšumàš ʔan tšiyuštewè šuʔuxpaʔàš, kiloʔkaʔiʔatʔap miluk kałʔisəpuswu ʔisiwəł tsisunuwus ʔišukowowonəʔə̀š \xe 'the Chumash (islanders) used to harpoon the otter, but the mainland Indians taught them to shoot them with arrows.' \xv 7. kisutoqʔop kisʔip loʔkaʔałtšuwaškumeł, "ya hukʔinikʔóyi ʔiyuštap napiyətuw kiwə lo ka šakʰtinay̓utš ʔan laʔkʰan ʔaluliʔìš sinawa šnikʔoyi loʔkaʔuxpaʔàš" \xe 'and it dives and the helmsman says, “we will turn back and paddle strongly from which we came, for the otter always takes the same path when it returns.” ' \sd mammals \sd animals \sd water \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.839.1-849.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuxpuyaʔaš \ps n \ge blowhole \ge instrument for sprinkling floor \de blowhole; instrument for sprinkling floor \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + ux- () + puyh (dew) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf puy \ce dew \cf uxpuy \ce to blow water; to spout \sd animals \sd anatomy \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.415.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuxstu \a ʔuxštu \va (ʔuxštu) \ps v \ge deaf, be \de to be deaf \mr [<ʔuqš- () + tu (ear)>] \et *VqVStu (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI ʼukuštu ‘to be deaf,’ INZ ʼuqštu ‘to be deaf,’ OBI q/kšištu ‘to be deaf (Klar 1977: 81) \cf ʔaluqštu \ce deaf person \cf kʔitʔuqštu \ce to be slightly deaf \cf tu1 \ce ear \xv 1. kʔuxstu lamitʔi \xe 'I am a little deaf.' \xv 2. axakšit ʔapʔuxštu, ʔaloxmoy \xe 'give me some of your food lest you become deaf, stingy one.' \xv 3. lokakʔałʔuxstuʔuʔu ki pi ʔan lamitʔi sipʔúxstu \xe 'I am much more deaf than you.' \sd descriptions \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd senses \sd health \lg JPH \rf 91.225.3, 410.2-4; 94.369.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ʔuxšaʔaš \ps n \ge smell \de smell \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uxš (stink; smell bad; smell strongly) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf uxš \ce to stink; to smell bad; to smell strongly \xv 1. tštšʔə ʔišʔuxšaʔaš \xe 'it has a strong smell.' \xv 2. musʔił tšʔuxšaʔaš \xe 'it does not smell like anything.' \xv 3. laxuʔałtołmow ʔišʔuxšaʔaš \xe 'it smells rotten.' \xv 4. pi ʔan paxneqpeyus ʔišʔuxšaʔaš šaʔałtšošoy \xe 'you smell like a black one.' \xv 5. heʔišʔuxšaʔaš ʔan laxulasapiteqpey \xe 'it seems from the odor, that the mush is burning on the bottom.' \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.418.1-419.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuxštu \cf ʔuxstu \ce to be deaf \sd variations \dt 03/Jan/2011 \lx ʔuxtšʔəkəʔəš \ps n \ge spittoon \de spittoon \gn escupidera \dn escupidera \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uxtšʔək (spit) + -VʔVš (ϡnz.instrϡ)>] \cf uxtšʔək \ce to spit \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.422.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ʔuxtšʔəkəš \ps n \ge spit (not in mouth) \de spit (not in mouth) \mr [<ʔ- (ϡnzϡ) + uxtšʔək (spit) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf moxloləš \ce phlegm (already spat out) \cf uxtšʔək \ce to spit \xv 1. musʔił tšʔuxtšʔək \xe 'he doesn’t have any saliva (presumably translating as ‘he doesn’t have any silva to leave spit out’).' \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.420.4, 222.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx a- \ps vpre \de -meaning uncertain- \ee Status as a manner prefix is uncertain. \cf ʔaquntukaš \ce smth knotted \cf akałhaha \ce to be gaping \cf akuhu \ce to be many people \cf akuškuy \ce to aim \cf apisaqałhaha \ce to open by means of hot water \sd manner \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx -a \ps vsuf \ge TAG \ge tag question verbal suffix \de tag question verbal suffix \ee This suffix forms a yes/no question. Glossed as TAG. \xv 1. mupšuyiwəšita ? \xe 'don't you want to accompany me?' \xv 2. sikpu \xe 'my hand.' \xv 3. sikpua ? \xe 'my hand, don't you know?' \xv 4. huki lupʔalsutiyək ? ; lokakʔušem̓a ? \xe 'in what shall you throw it?' ; 'in my jug, shaln't I?' \xv 5. hukwəla ? \xe 'I am going to shoot, don’t you know?' \xv 6. tsʔił sikpexša ? \xe 'I have pus, don't you know?' \xv 7. tsiyiwona sixwetet ? \xe 'the frogs are singing, don’t you know?' \xv 8. lakʔu tsamipa \xe 'I believe they pounded it.' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd voice \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.401.3; 91.528.3, 669.1; 92.4.1; Greetings11 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ahaʔaš \a ahaš \va (ahaš-) \ps v \ge reach \de to reach \gn alcanzar \dn alcanzar \ee Harrington notes that one cannot say 'ͽno ͽʔan ͽkahaš' or 'ͽno ͽʔan ͽkahašiʔiy,' have to say 'ͽkahašliniʔiy,' I reached there a second time. \sy kumli \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ahašli \pde to catch up with.DIR; to reach for smth.DIR \pdl v \pdv ahašlinʔiy \pde to catch up with.DIR.REP; to reach for smth.DIR.REP \pdl v \pdv ahaštiʔiy \pde to catch up with.CIS; to reach for smth.CIS \pdl v \pdv ahaštiʔiyniʔiy \pde to catch up with.CIS.REP; to reach for smth.CIS.REP \cf šahašiʔi \ce to ask for \xv 1. mukahaʔaš sukuškikš \xe 'I cannot reach the place that itches.' \xv 2. mušahašli \xe 'he went to some place and did not arrive.' \xv 3. no ʔan kahašli \xe 'I arrived.' \xv 4. no ʔan mukahašli \xe 'I did not arrive.' \xv 5. mušahaštiʔiy \xe 'he did not reach here.' \xv 6. tšahaštiʔiyniʔiy \xe 'he arrived here again.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.8; 92.5.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx akałhaha \ps v \ge gaping, be \de to be gaping \mr [] \cf apisaqałhaha \ce to open by means of hot water \cf kʔiłtsakałhaha \ce to open (one's mouth) only a little \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \cf susʰakałhaha \ce to open smn’s mouth wide \xv 1. tsakałhahá hesikʰkamisa muštiméšeš \xe 'my shirt is open, gaping' (it is not closed). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.11.1; 92.8.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx akanhinu \ps n \ge relative \de relative \ee Humaliwo dialect. \xv 1. kakanhinu \xe 'my relative.' \xv 2. tsakanhinu \xe 'his relative.' \sd verbs \sd kinship \sd dialects \lg JPH \rf 88.270.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx akslakay \cf aqšlakay \ce to be an open narrow space; to open from one side to another \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx akšikʔə \ps v \ge itch \ge have an itch \de to itch; to have an itch \xv 1. kakšikʔə hesiktiwis \xe 'my anus itches.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd common \sd health \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 89.12.2; 92.9.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aktaxʔuyi \a aktaxauyì \a aqtaxʔuyi \va (aqtaxʔuyi) \ps v \ge return to consciousness \ge come to consciousness again \de to return; to come to consciousness again \xv 1. tsaktaxʔuyi \xe 'he came to consciousness again.' \xv 2. kaqtaxʔuyi \xe 'I came to myself again (after fainting or dying).' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH \rf 89.12.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aktenhesi \ps v \ge blow (through the nose) \de to blow (through the nose) \mr [] \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \xv 1. no ʔan kʰqisə si penew ʔitsupapʰ lokaštałhəw, tsuwesmes heʔišni, šnutoqʔop loʔkašʰtete kapenew kikaskek kasakʰtenhesi kaloʔkatštałhəw ʔan tsakʰtenhesi \xe 'I saw a seal/sealion put her young one on her back, she put it across her nape, the mother seal/sealion dove and she emerges and blows and the young one blows.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.901.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx akti- \a akt- \a aqʰt- \a aqʰti- \va (akt-, aqt-, aqti-) \ps vpre \ge VEN \ge venitive verbal prefix \de venitive verbal prefix \ee This prefix indicates motion to or toward. Glossed as VEN. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI -akti- ⁓ -akt- ‘of movement towards the speaker; hither,’ INZ akti- ‘coming toward, motion toward the speaker or point of reference’ (Beeler, Topics, 11; SYBCI 2007: 32) \cf alaqtinəpə \ce to draw water out of \cf aktaxʔuyi \ce to return; to come to consciousness again \cf aktenhesi \ce to blow (through the nose) \cf aktik \ce to come to get \cf aktitowš \ce to come to fight \cf aktiwaya \ce to float this way; to fly this way \cf aktiwəš \ce to come and visit \cf aktuliʔiš \ce to come to take \cf aqtinaʔay \ce to come from \cf aqtiqisə \ce to come to see \cf aqtuniyəw \ce to come to look for; to come to search for \cf aqtuštəł \ce to catch up with \cf laktina \ce to grow towards \cf šaktinaʔay \ce to come from \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx aktik \ps v \ge come to get \de to come to get \mr [] \xv 1. munaməʔək ʔištapinwaš kiskuʔum lokaštete ʔalaktik šiʔixpanəš. \xe 'her mother came short to fetch some acorns.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg TJPH \rf Glutton118 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aktisuxəpʰə \ps v \ge come to pave \de to come to pave \mr [] \cf suxəpʰə \ce to pave \cf xəp \ce stone \cf xəpʰə \ce to be rocky; to be stoney \rf Pico 1888: 35 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aktitowš \ps v \ge come to fight \de to come to fight \mr [] \cf towš \ce to fight \xv 1. tsaktitowš \xe 'it comes to fight it.' \xv 2. lošaʔatʔaxatš sałyət hušištowšiyuw \xe 'that man is coming over here to fight us.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.13.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aktiwaya \ps v \ge float this way \ge fly this way \de to float this way; to fly this way \ee May refer to the flight of a bird. \mr [] \cf akti- \ce venitive verbal prefix \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tsaktiwaya \xe 'it comes on top of the wave.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.13.3; 92.12.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aktiwəš \ph ɑkʰtɪwǝʃ \a akʰtiwəš \ps vt \ge come and visit \de to come and visit \mr [] \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \cf tiwəš \ce to be with; to live with \xv 1. ʔiyakʰtiwəšiyuw ! \xe 'come to visit us at our house!' \xv 2. no ʔan hukakʰtiwəšił \xe 'I am coming to your house.' \xv 3. akʰtiwəšit ! \xe 'come and visit me!' \xv 4. kihuʔamaktiwəšiyuw \xe 'they are going to come to our house.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.101.4-102.1; 92.81.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aktuliʔiš \ps v \ge come to take \de to come to take \mr [] \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. no ʔan kaktuliʔiš \xe 'I came and took this.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰnaʔał kikuliʔiš \xe 'I went and took this.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg TJPH \rf 89.102.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx akuhu \ps v \ge many people, be \ge people, be many \de to be many people \mr [] \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \xv 1. tsiyakuhu ʔi šukepeš (Ϟor ʔəhə ʔi šukepeš) \xe 'many baptized ones.' \xv 2. tsiyakuhu siku \xe 'there are lots of people.' \xv 3. lokanawaʔaʔay̓ ʔan ʔəhə siqʰaq kikəpə ʔan neʔesiyakuhu sikukuʔu kaypi kineʔemusʔił \xe 'there used to be antelopes here but there are too many people and therefore there are none now.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.13-15.1, 584.3; 92.12.2 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx akuskuy \cf akuškuy \ce to aim \sd variations \dt 12/Nov/2011 \lx akuškuy \a akuskuy \va (akuskuy-) \ps v \ge aim \de to aim \mr [] \cf uškuy \ce to point at; to pertain to \xv hukakuskuyus heʔištəʔəniwáš \xe 'I am going to aim at this dog with an arrow.' \sd hunting \sd food \sd verbs \sd archery \lg JPH \rf 89.15.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx al- \a ał- \a el- \va (ał-, el-) \ps vpre \ge stative verbal prefix \ge STAT \de stative verbal prefix \ee Glossed as STAT. \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \cf ʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \ce thankful one \cf ʔalałpay \ce up; upper part; height; heaven \cf ʔaliwałqlay \ce salamander larva; newt \cf ʔan1 \ce I. focus particle II. dependent particle \cf ʔutałtə \ce to be enemy of \cf alaqkuʔum \ce to be grateful towards smn \cf alaqtinəpə \ce to draw water out of \cf alaqwaʔay \ce to be ready (to fight, etc); to get along all right (such as happens in a good house with plenty of food); to be well-fixed in a good house; to build/do smth well (or poorly with ͽ-mu); to settle; to get one’s way \cf alaqwaywu \ce to fix smth; to adjust smth; to make ready \cf alasʰuna \ce commandment \cf alatəšwətš \ce to dream for some time \cf alilikʔe \ce to be sitting (smwh) \cf ałnetpi \ce to happen to \cf ałpali \ce to walk along (smth narrow) \cf ałpinli \ce to go along the beach/shore \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \cf aluliʔiš \ce to cling to \cf aluqtiyəw \ce to lack; to need \cf alušiʔik \ce pain \cf aluškʔəy \ce to move about in one place \cf alušqałtš \ce to be open (as a door or pot without a lid) \cf aluštʔey \ce to be busy \cf alutikuy \ce to face in a direction \cf ałwalinaʔał \ce to go before \cf ałwašəʔəʔətš \ce to be better than \cf ałwelexš \ce to endure smth \cf aqutałtə \ce to be glottalized (as is said of certain features of Ventureño) \cf axtałpinli \ce to run along the ocean shore \cf eleqpeyus \ce to taste like \cf ełkʔewli \ce to go along the edge of \cf iwałnapay \ce to spring out of the water onto the ground \cf iwałqlay \ce to be smooth \cf iwałtapi \ce to come into from out of \cf iwałtə \ce to chase smth out \cf iwałtšaqša \ce to be sad at heart; to be dead tired \cf iwałyam \ce to slide down \cf iwołxoyoyo \ce to begin to fly \cf matisalaqwaʔay \ce to fix first \cf qalałpaš \ce to be bunched up loosely; to be folded up \cf qalałpay \ce to gather smth up (as a sheet or handkerchief) \cf siwałkitwo \ce to throw out \cf siwałnapay \ce to seize something in the water and throw it on the ground \cf siwałqlay \ce to make smooth \cf siwałtapi \ce to throw on/in \cf siwałyam \ce to throw smth down \cf šaluškʔəy \ce to cause to move \cf šiwałqlayəʔəš \ce smoothing instrument \cf šiwałyam \ce to throw over \cf šiwełmešeʔeš \ce shuttle (for weaving) \cf šulałtapi \ce to toss into \cf šuqalałpašʰəši \ce to curl up on oneself; to bunch up \cf šušałkitwo \ce to throw 2+ things out of smth \cf šušałtapi \ce to throw 2+ items into \cf tsʔaqutałtə \ce neck of a flint blade; fly trap \cf tšʰatʔap \ce ocean debris (foam, dead fish, etc.) \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd stative \lg TJPH \dt 01/Oct/2019 \lx ał- \cf ʔal- \ce nominalizing prefix \sd variations \dt 11/May/2011 \lx alʔal- \cf ʔałʔal- \ce agentivizing prefix \sd variations \dt 08/Oct/2011 \lx ala- \cf ali- \ce of night; having to do with night; at night \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alakuʔum \cf alaqkuʔum \ce to be grateful towards smn \sd variations \dt 11/Mar/2018 \lx alalaxwuy \ps v \ge wake up at night (early morning).REDUP \de to wake up at night (early morning).REDUP \cf alaxwuy \ce to wake up at night (early morning) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alałpay \cf ʔalałpay \ce up; upper part; height; heaven \sd variations \dt 11/Mar/2018 \lx alałpu \ps n \ge mackerel (species) \de mackerel (species) \cf ləšəł \ce mackerel (species) \cf muhun̓ \ce mackerel (species) \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.31.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alapəti \ps v \ge climb up at night \de to climb up at night \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \cf unapəti \ce to go up in the daytime \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.162 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alaqkuʔum \a alaqkuʔùm \a alakuʔum \ph ˀɑlɑqʰkʊˀʊm \va (alakuʔum) \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \ce thankful one \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \se I \ps v \ge do a favor for \de to do a favor for \xv 1. kalaqʰkuʔum \xe 'I do him a favor.' \se II \ps vt \ge grateful towards, be \de to be grateful towards smn \ee Note the (probably obligatory) use of the personal pronominal suffix. \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv alaqkuʔumšaši \pde to be grateful towards smn.REFL.CPLV \xv 1. kalaqkumuʔus \xe 'I was grateful to him.' \xv 2. no ʔan kalaqʰkumiʔił \xe 'I am grateful to you.' \xv 4. maʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \xe 'he is not thankful' (if you do him a favor). \xv 5. kalaqkumiʔił hesipnikʔətit \xe 'I thank you that you brought me here in your buggy.' \xv 6. kanawa šišalaqkuʔùmšaší ki hešišalutikʔúy ʔatʔapliʔìš kinupan tšiškinomoy ki hešišalutikʔuy ʔalkulùł \xe 'when they found each other in good form, they turned their faces east and then they turned themselves around and turned themselves west.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd phrases \sd manners \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.139.2-3; Greetings4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alaqtinəpə \ps v \ge draw water out of \de to draw water out of \mr [] \cf nəpəʔə \ce to bring water \xv 1. xiliwasənitʰ ! suʔkałnetpi ʔan kalaqʰtinəpə loʔkašoxšəł manesał \xe 'look at me well! that which I am going to do is removing water.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Prayer3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alaqtpələlə \ps n \ge Serrano (people) \de Serrano (people) \ee The Serranos used to come down to the fiestas at Ventura and old Ventureño will know this tribe name. \mr [] \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.276.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alaqwaʔay \a ʔalaqwaʔay \a alaqwaʔày \a alaqʰwaʔay \a alaqʰwaʔày \a ʔalaqʰwaʔay \a alaqʰwai \a alaqwaʔày \ps v \ge ready, be \ge get along all right \ge well-fixed in a good house, be \ge build/do smth well \ge settle \ge get one’s way \de to be ready (to fight, etc); to get along all right (such as happens in a good house with plenty of food); to be well-fixed in a good house; to build/do smth well (or poorly with ͽ-mu); to settle; to get one’s way \mr [] \cf aqwaʔay \ce to be/go on the mark; to hit (on) the mark \cf alaqwaywu \ce to fix smth; to adjust smth; to make ready \cf matisalaqwaʔay \ce to fix first \cf salaqwaʔay \ce to fix smth; to form; to make ready; to refine \xv 1. husalaqwaʔay \xe 'that he gets ready in advance for an emergency' (as we should do now). \xv 2. no ʔan kalaqwaʔay \xe 'I am well' (well-fixed, good house to live in here and everything). \xv 3. tsalaqwaʔay \xe 'he is getting along all right.' \xv 4. tsalaqwaʔay ʔisilikʔe \xe 'he is well-fixed at home.' \xv 5. mukalaqwaʔay \xe 'I am not well.' \xv 6. muhusalaqwaʔay hałtšnałpiʔi hesimuwu \xe 'it will not well-ride the sea.' \xv 7. tseqweł ʔispat ʔan musalaqwaʔay \xe 'it makes its nest poorly.' \xv 8. tsʔipus lokašʰatiwə, “mupʔałxuxa, kanawa huskumi ʔan pʔipus, ‘hukiwišił,’ ipus ‘munakalaqwaʔay,’ kihustapi” \xe 'his wife said to him, "don’t be a coward, when he arrives tell him, ‘I will go along with you,’ tell him, ‘I am not yet ready,’ ask him to come inside.' " \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.141.1-143.2; Daughter23 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alaqwaywu \ps vt \ge fix smth \ge adjust smth \ge make ready \de to fix smth; to adjust smth; to make ready \ee Notice the use of the (probably obligatory) object suffix. The transitive use of this verb differs somewhat from the stative use. \mr [] \cf alaqwaʔay \ce to be ready (to fight, etc); to get along all right (such as happens in a good house with plenty of food); to be well-fixed in a good house; to build/do smth well (or poorly with ͽ-mu); to settle; to get one’s way \xv 1. kikalaqwaywu \xe 'I fix or adjust them.' \sd common \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.143.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx alasʰuna \ps n \ge commandment \de commandment \mr [] \cf asʰuna \ce to command smn \xv 1. hešałkaʔaškom̓ kalasʰuna lyos ʔan ʔiyʔałtšaqšiłtšaši maʔam sałʔiškom̓: hupitaqyəwus kihupsuyuwaha lyos, kihupsuyuwaha lokatsʔohoy kaku kʰan tšnahet pi \xe 'these ten Commandments are contained in two: to serve and to love God over all the things, and to love your neighbor as you [love] yourself.' \sd neologisms \sd religion \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alašəʔəš \cf ʔałhašəʔəš \ce language; word \sd variations \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alaškətš \ps v \ge sit on a mat or bedding on the floor \de to sit on a mat or bedding on the floor \xv 1. tšalaškətš \xe 'he is sitting on a mat on the floor.' \xv 2. hukalaškətš \xe 'I am going to sit on... .' \xv 3. tšiyalaškətš \xe 'they are sitting or lying on a spread petate.' \xv 4. tšiyʔašitš \xe 'they are sitting or lying on a spread petate.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.171.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alatəšwətš \ps v \ge dream for some time \de to dream for some time \mr [] \cf ʔatəšwə \ce herb; dream; hope; charm; talisman \cf ʔatəšwətš \ce to dream \xv 1. kišalatəšwətš lokakišwopowaš \xe 'we dreamed of our grandfather.' \xv 2. kay ʔan tšalatəšwətš \xe 'he slept.' \sd body \sd verbs \rf JPH; TJPH \rf 3.82.32.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alaxinaʔał \ps n \ge dancer \de dancer \mr [<ʔal- (ϡnzϡ) + axi- (ϡinstrϡ.punctual.) + naʔal (go)>] \cf axinaʔał \ce to dance \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \sd culture \sd people \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.164 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alaxsumu \a ʔalaxsumu \va (ʔalaxsumu) \ps n \ge suffer \de to suffer \ee As is said of a man who is sick. \xv 1. tsalaxsumu \xe 'this sufferer.' \xv 2. pi ʔan mukapeqweł kikalaxsumu, kʔuwe tsʔił šikalušiʔik pikapeqweł \xe 'you have not caused my suffering, but I have suffered much because of you.' \xv 3. tsalaxsumu heʔismaʔam lokaʔalašʰunatš Ponsio Pilato \xe 'suffered under the power of Poncius Pilate.' \xv 4. kasiʔalaxsumu musʔił ʔaltsukitwonwu \xe 'they suffered greatly, no one was present to take them out.' \sd body \sd people \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.165.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alaxwitš \ps v \ge cover with a blanket \de to cover with a blanket \mr [] \cf axwi \ce to be covered \cf axwitš \ce to wear clothes; to be covered with a blanket (not in bed) \xv 1. hukalaxwitš \xe 'I am going to put the blankets over me when I lie down to sleep.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxwitš \xe 'I am covered with a blanket.' \sd household \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.169.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alaxwitšaš \ps v \ge cover oneself with a blanket \de to cover oneself with a blanket \mr [] \cf axwi \ce to be covered \xv 1. alaxwitšaš \xe 'cover yourself up or over again with the blankets' (said to a man in the night when he kicks the blankets off his bed). \sd common \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.169.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alaxwuy \rd alalaxwuy \a ʔalaxwui \ps v \ge wake up at night (early morning) \de to wake up at night (early morning) \mr [] \xv 1. kalalaxwuy \xe 'I wake up in the night.' \xv 2. wašnaxyət nawaʔaʔay kihukalaxwuy \xe 'tomorrow early I am going to wake up.' \xv 3. husʔalaxwuy \xe he is going to wake up! \xv 4. ʔalaxwúy ! ʔalaxwúy ! \xe 'wake up! wake up!' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.169.4; 92.129.1; Coyo94 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx alaxʔuy \ps v \ge wake up \de to wake up \xv 1. alaxʔuy ! \xe 'wake up!' \xv 2. tsalaxʔuy \xe 'he woke up.' \xv 3. neʔekalaxʔuy \xe 'I woke up.' \xv 4. tsalitax, neʔesiqsihi kisalaxʔuy \xe 'he slept in the daytime and it was nerely noon when he awoke.' \xv 5. mukasəwus kimuhusalaxwe \xe 'I did not speak to him so he would not wake up.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \sd routine \lg JPH \rf 89.166.3-167.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alewsa \cf ʔalewsa \ce to play peon \sd variations \dt 22/Feb/2011 \lx alexlele \a lexlele \va (lexlele) \ps n \ge ?swan (?species) \de ?swan (?species) \ee Harrington questions whether this translation is ‘swan.’ The Spanish translation is ‘guadalupe’ \mr [] \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.517.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx aləʔəł \ps n \ge one at the feet of \de one at the feet of \ee Harringon notes ͽkaləʔəł alone does not mean anything. \mr [] \cf ʔəł \ce foot/leg \xv 1. lokaqʔanwa ʔan tsalotoyi heʔisaləʔəł lokašmamawaš \xe 'the little girl is lying at the feet of her grandmother.' \sd body \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.176.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aləʔəłpi \ps v \ge lie with one’s feet towards \de to lie with one’s feet towards \ee The morphology of this word is uncertain. \mr [] \cf ʔəł \ce foot/leg \xv 1. kałəʔəłpi hesinə \xe 'I had my feet to the fire.' \xv 2. kalimətpi hesinə \xe 'I had my back to the fire.' \xv 3. no ʔan kaləʔəłpi \xe 'I have my feet by the box when lying.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.176.2, 195.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ałhaš \a ałhàš \a ałhaʔaš \ps v \ge speak \ge talk \ge gossip \de to speak; to talk; to gossip \ee It seems this can be both transitive and instransitive. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kalaš ‘to breathe,’ INZ kalaš ‘to breathe,’ OBI qstʸełha ‘to breathe’ (Klar 1977: 29) \cf ʔałhašəʔəš \ce language; word \cf ʔałtšuyałhašlaš \ce gossip; great talker; smn who speaks much \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \cf ałhašlaš \ce to speak (of) \cf ašəw \ce to speak to; to speak with \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \cf kʔitʔałhaš \ce to speak low; to whisper \cf maʔałtsuyałhaš \ce quiet person; one who does not speak much \cf suyałhaš \ce to want to talk \xv 1. šałhaš \xe 'he talks' (said of the owl). \xv 2. kišałhašlàš \xe 'we two are talking.' \xv 3. no ʔan ksuyałhaš \xe 'I want to talk.' \xv 4. ʔinapałhaš ! \xe 'do not talk!' \xv 5. no ʔan kałhaš \xe 'I talk.' \xv 6. mupšuyałhaš hałlapxuyuw ! \xe 'do not speak any lies!' \xn 'no digas ninguna mentira!' \xv 7. tšiyaqutišətš heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan tšaqwin hesimusiyałhaš \xe 'the dogs are smart, the only thing they lack is that they do not talk.' \xv 8. kinełtšnehet kimupušʰo lušałhaš ? \xe 'why did you not let him talk?' \xv 9. mupxuyuwit, ʔałhaš wašəʔəʔə̀tš \xe 'do not lie to me, talk pure truth!' \xv 10. tsʰumitmitʔiʔin ʔišałhaš \xe 'he uses consonant diminutivism.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd common \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.177; 182.1-184.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ałhašlaš \ps v \ge speak (of) \de to speak (of) \ee Harrington translates this verb with progressive meaning. \mr [] \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \xv 1. no ʔan kałhašlaš \xe 'I am speaking.' \xv 2. no ʔan kałhašlaš \xe 'I gave special attention to this' (I am speaking). \xv 3. pi ʔan pałhašlaš \xe 'you are speaking.' \xv 4. kay ʔan šałhašlaš \xe 'he is speaking.' \xv 5. no ʔan hukałhaš \xe 'I am going to speak.' \xv 6. tšampošʰotš lokatiyepeš (Ϟor ʔisiʔałhašlaš) \xe 'what they are talking about they all know very quickly.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.187.2-188.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -ałhəw- \ps vroot \ge go across \de to go across \cf ałhəwli \ce to move across a slope \cf axtałhəwli \ce to move quickly across the slope of a hill \cf sinaxałhəw \ce to put up across \cf šašlałhəw \ce to undermine \cf wayałhəwli \ce to move across a slope slowly \sd vroots \sd roots \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ałhəwli \ps v \ge move across a slope \de to move across a slope \mr [] \cf axtałhəwli \ce to move quickly across the slope of a hill \cf wayałhəwli \ce to move across a slope slowly \xv 1. tsałhəwli \xe 'he is going across the slope' (he does not go straight up [the hill]). \xv 2. kałhəwli \xe 'I go across the slope.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.189.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ałhiwiłpi \ps v \ge born of, be \de to be born of \mr [] \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.320.2/Xutaš7 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ali- \a ala- \va (ala-) \ps vpre \ge of night \ge night, of \ge INSTR.night \de of night; having to do with night; at night \ee This prefix is also used to refer to situations associated with sleeping: lying down, being in bed, bedding, and, in the case of alisuwaya, alimətpi, and alinowo, would seem to have been extended further to indicate situations involving merely the back or the back in an extended form (but not necessarily in a lying down position). Glossed as INSTR.night. \cf ʔalaxwi \ce bed blanket \cf ʔalaxwimu \ce where blankets are kept \cf ʔalikukuy̓ \ce pillow \cf alapəti \ce to climb up at night \cf alaxwitš \ce to cover with a blanket \cf alaxwitšaš \ce to cover oneself with a blanket \cf alaxwuy \ce to wake up at night (early morning) \cf alaxʔuy \ce to wake up \cf aləʔəł \ce one at the feet of \cf alikinomnomoy \ce to toss and turn in bed \cf alikinomoy \ce to turn over (as in bed) \cf alikowowo \ce to be lying on one's side \cf alikusaxpi \ce to lie with the forehead on \cf alikuta \ce to wake up at night \cf alikuwewetš \ce to be lying down piled up \cf alimayəʔə \ce to be crepuscular (?nocturnal); to sleep during the day and not wake up till the afternoon \cf alimətpi \ce to have one's back to \cf alinaʔał \ce to go out at night \cf alinałnaʔał \ce to go wandering about at night \cf alinaxyəʔət \ce to last the whole night \cf alinikʰət \ce to bring at night; to bring in the night time \cf aliqisqisə \ce ?to lie down looking on \cf aliqšihitš \ce to sleep during the day \cf aliqʔom \ce to be doubled up lying down \cf alisuwaya \ce to raise smth \cf alisuyułnałnaʔał \ce to frown at many at night \cf alitəq \ce to happen directly to smn \cf alitəqitš \ce to lie down with eyes open \cf alitiwispi \ce to stand with one’s buttocks toward \cf alitowš \ce to war at night \cf alitʰax \ce to sleep in the morning \cf alitsʔiyət \ce to lie down with one’s buttocks up \cf alitšwe \ce to have sex with; to fornicate with \cf aliwakʔay \ce to lie on top of smth \cf aliwaya \ce to hang limp (as a flag from a pole when there is no wind); to hang (as a bat on a tree) \cf aliwesmes \ce to lie in a crosswise position \cf aliwəyə \ce to lie down with one’s head to one side; to turn one’s head from side to side \cf aliwotoqloʔop \ce to lie face down \cf alixʔox \ce to snore \cf aliyeqe \ce to be mouth/face up \cf aliyexexe \ce to be on one's back \cf aliyəwəš \ce head of bed \cf aliyəwəšpi \ce to lie with one’s head towards \cf aliyuxmeʔe \ce to lie with one's legs sticking straight out \cf alotoyi \ce to lie at; to be at \cf aluʔułyiʔin \ce to lie long; to stand long \cf aqtaliyexexe \ce to fall over of one’s own accord \cf salitsʔiyət \ce to put smn’s buttocks in the air \cf suyalinaxyət \ce to be going to be dawn \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd chronometry \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alikinomnomoy \ps v \ge toss and turn in bed \de to toss and turn in bed \mr [] \cf alikinomoy \ce to turn over (as in bed) \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \xv 1. tsalikinomnomoy hesuʔułkuʔuw \xe 'he was tossing from one side to the other last night.' \xv 2. tsalikinomoy \xe 'he turned over in bed.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.195.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alikinomoy \rd alikinomnomoy \ps v \ge turn over (as in bed) \de to turn over (as in bed) \mr [] \cf alikinomnomoy \ce to toss and turn in bed \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \xv 1. tsalikinomoy \xe 'he turned over in bed.' \xv 2. tsalikinomnomoy hesuʔułkuʔuw \xe 'he was tossing from one side to the other last night.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.195.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alikowowo \ps v \ge lying on one's side, be \de to be lying on one's side \ee Can be said of animate and inanimate objects. \mr [] \sy aloʔoyi \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \cf salikowowo \ce to put lying on one's side; to bevel \xv 1. tsalikowowo \xe 'it is on one side.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.195; 90.9.4; 235.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alikusaxpi \ps v \ge lie with the forehead on \de to lie with the forehead on \mr [] \cf kusax \ce forehead \xv 1. tsalikusaxpinwu loʔispupuʔu \xe 'he is lying with his forehead resting on his hands.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.197.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alikuta \ps v \ge wake up at night \de to wake up at night \mr [] \cf kuta \ce to get up; to slope up \cf unikuta \ce to wake up very early \xv 1. kalikuta \xe 'I woke up at night.' \xv 2. kunikuta \xe 'I woke up very early.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.197.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alikuwewetš \ps v \ge lying down piled up, be \de to be lying down piled up \mr [] \cf ikuwewe \ce to pile one thing on top of another \cf ikuwewetš \ce to be piled one on top of another \cf we \ce to sleep \sd verbs \sd stative \sd manner \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.197.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alilay \ps v \ge hatched, be \de to be hatched \xv 1. tsalilay \xe 'it is hatched' (said of young bird). \sd animals \sd verbs \sd stative \sd birds \sd reptiles \lg JPH \rf 89.198.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alilikʔe \ps v \ge sitting (smwh), be \de to be sitting (smwh) \ee Presumably, this would indicate sitting or remaining somewhere for an extended period or time (or over an extended period of time). \mr [] \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \xv 1. tsalilikʔe \xe 'he was sitting.' \xv 2. salilikʔe loʔismitəpə ʔisʔap \xe 'it was at the door of its hole' (said of squirrel). \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH \rf 89.199.1; 92.740.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alimayəʔə \ps v \ge crepuscular (?nocturnal), be \de to be crepuscular (?nocturnal); to sleep during the day and not wake up till the afternoon \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \xv 1. tštapi heʔištšʔeqtšʔeq sipon̓ kilaka salimayəʔə \xe 'gets into the cracks of boards and passes the day.' \sd stative \sd animals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.199.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alimətpi \ps v \ge have one's back to \de to have one's back to \mr [] \cf mət \ce back \cf mətpi \ce to turn one's back towards \xv 1. kalimətpi hesinə \xe 'I had my back to the fire.' \xv 2. kaliyəwəšpi hesinə \xe 'I had my head to the fire.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.200.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alinaʔał \rd alinałnaʔał \ps v \ge go out at night \de to go out at night \mr [] \cf alinałnaʔał \ce to go wandering about at night \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. hukalinaʔał \xe 'I am going out walking at night.' \xv 2. hukalinałnaʔał \xe 'I am going about town all night.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd motion \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.199-200.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alinałnaʔał \ps v \ge go wandering about at night \de to go wandering about at night \mr [] \cf alinaʔał \ce to go out at night \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. hukalinałnaʔał \xe 'I am going to bum around town all night.' \xv 2. tsalinałnaʔał \xe 'it (the bird) goes wandering around at night.' \xv 3. ʔałtsiyalinałnaʔał ʔisułkuw, kisinawa ʔišnaxyət ʔan tsuniyəw ʔiswał sipon̓ kikaswe \xe 'the bats fly in the night and in the morning hunt a hole in a tree and sleep.' \xv 4. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan latšə ʔisalinałnaʔał suʔułʔułkuʔuw, kiʔišnaxyət ʔan tšaliqšihitš \xe 'the raccoon always wanders about nights and sleeps in the daytime.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.200-202 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alinaqtsuk \ps v \ge sit with knees drawn up; squat like frog \de to sit with the knees drawn up; to squat like a frog \sy alitoqoqo \xv 1. kalinaqtsuk \xe 'I sit on (a chair) with my knees drawn up, I squat like a frog on the floor.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd animals \sd descriptions \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.201.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alinaxyəʔət \ps v \ge last the whole night \de to last the whole night \mr [] \cf naxyət \ce to be morning; to be day (tomorrow) \cf suyalinaxyət \ce to be going to be dawn \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. niwašətšhałpwe ? ; hihiʔi kalinaxyəʔət \xe 'have you slept well? ; yes, all night' (lit., I did not wake up until morning). \xv 2. hihiʔi kalinaxyəʔət \xe 'yes, all night' (lit., 'I did not wake up until morning). \sd stative \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.202 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alinehet \a alinet \va (alinet-) \ps v \ge happen a certain way \de to happen a certain way \mr [] \cf netus \ce to do \cf nehet \ce to be as; to be so \xv 1. kasilikʔè kikasiqiliʔik loʔkasʔiwə̀ ʔapí nełtsalinetus \xe 'he sat [there] and looked with attention after his comrade to see how she got her prey.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg TJPH \rf 69.1088.1/Roadrunner31 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx alinikʰət \ps v \ge bring at night \ge bring in the night time \de to bring at night; to bring in the night time \mr [] \cf nikʰət \ce to bring (successfully) \xv 1. tsalinikʰət \xe 'he brought it in the nighttime.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.203.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alinowo \ps v \ge stand at the edge of \ge standing erect, be \de to stand at the edge of; to be standing erect \ee This first definition is given by Harrington. The second definition has been given based on morphology and translations of examples of usage. \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \xv 1. tsiyalinowo \xe 'they stand erect.' \xv 2. kamušamuškʔəy lasalinowo \xe 'it will refuse to move and just remain standing there.' \xv 3. losaʔəqəy ʔan musiyotoyi, tsiyalinowo kikasiwe \xe 'the chickens don’t lie down, they sleep standing.' \xv 4. tsalinowo hekaspey \xe 'the icicle is standing up.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.22, 203-205, 218.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliqisqisə \ps v \ge ?lie down looking on \de ?to lie down looking on \mr [] \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \xv 1. kikašʔoš lokaxʔanwa kilokatsʔohoy ʔan lasaliqisqisə \xe 'and he fucked the hen and the other one was just looking on.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.197.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aliqšihitš \a aliqʰšihitš \ps v \ge sleep during the day \de to sleep during the day \mr [] \cf iqsihi \ce to be noon; ?to be the south wind blowing \xv 1. neʔeskuʔum šušaliqšihitš lokaxʔanwa \xe 'the hour of taking her midday nap arrived.' \xv 2. hesaʔanatʔamam ʔan latšə ʔisalinałnaʔał suʔułʔułkuʔuw, kiʔišnaxyət ʔan tšaliqšihitš \xe 'the raccoon always wanders about nights and naps in the daytime.' \sd chronometry \sd verbs \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.198.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliqʔom \ps v \ge doubled up lying down, be \de to be doubled up lying down \mr [] \cf qʔom \ce to be doubled up \xv 1. tsaliqʔom loʔismaʔam kaštum \xe 'it is doubled up inside the egg.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd numbers \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.198.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alisuwaya \ps v \ge raise smth \de to raise smth \mr [] \cf suwaya \ce to hang smth; to raise in the air; to put earrings on smn \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tsalisuwaya lokasfisga \xe 'he raises his slingshot.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.209.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alisuyułnałnaʔał \ps v \ge frown at many at night \de to frown at many at night \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf suyułnałnaʔał \ce to frown at many \xv 1. no ʔan ksuyułnałnaʔał \xe 'I frown at many, frown in different directions.' \xv 2. tsalisuyułnałnaʔał \xe 'he makes a bad face at all the people at night.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.209.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ališxey \a alixey \va (alixey) \ps n \ge sister, elder married \ge elder married sister \de elder married sister \ee The husband of this person is called ͽto and her eldest son is refered to as ͽtsinspu ͽlokakališxay, 'my elder sister's arm.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 72.239.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alitakʰuy \ps v \ge hold in one's hands \de to hold in one's hands \ee This is not to be confused with ͽʔalitaqkuy \cf takʰuy \ce to hold (in the hands); to keep \xv 1. kalitakʰuy \xe 'I hold it in my hands.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.211.3 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx alitəq \ps v \ge happen directly to smn \de to happen directly to smn \mr [] \cf təq \ce eye/face \xv 1. hesipalitəq \xe 'I talk to you right to your face what I want to say to you (do not go telling other people about you but go right to you).' \xv 2. kasəwus heʔisalitəq \xe 'I said it right to his face.' \sd culture \sd emotions \sd common \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.212.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alitəqitš \ps v \ge lie down with eyes open \de to lie down with eyes open \mr [] \cf təq \ce eye/face \cf təqitš \ce to have good eyesight; to open one’s eyes \xv 1. kalitəqitš \xe 'I am lying down with my eyes wide open.' \xv 2. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tšaqša lašalitəqitš, lokaʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš kałsuqintʔum \xe 'this man died with his eyes open, the undertaker came and shut his eyes.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.213.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alitiwispi \ps v \ge stand with one’s buttocks toward \de to stand with one’s buttocks toward \mr [] \cf tiwis \ce anus; bottom \xv 1. kalitiwispi hesinə \xe 'I had my buttocks to the fire.' \xv 2. kalimətpi hesinə \xe 'I had my back to the fire.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.213.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alitkax \cf ʔalitkax \ce to delay \sd variations \dt 18/Oct/2011 \lx alitkəy \cf alitkʔəy \ce to wait for \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alitkʔəy \a alitkəy \rd alitlitkʔəy \va (alitkəy) \ps v \ge wait for \de to wait for \xv 1. munakalaqwaʔay, alitkəyit ! \xe 'I am not ready yet, wait for me!' \xv 2. hukipalalitkəy ? \xe 'what is the matter that you do not sing?' \xv 3. kalitlitkəy šaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am expecting a man.' \xv 4. kalitlitkəy lokasʔap Minetti \xe 'I was waiting at the house of Minetti.' \xv 5. kikasʔip lokanunašəš, “masəx tskumu ʔišup kihupalitkəyit” \xe 'he said, “I will wait for you 12 years.” ' \xv 6. tsiyutikay hesitəpʰtəpʰə tsiyalitkəywu ʔisiyitšʔałtə \xe 'they are hiding in the mountain, they are waiting for the enemies.' \xv 7. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \xv 8. kikakʰkumli ʔan ʔəhə siku salamalitlitkʔəy ʔan neʔemuštəʔəʔən hałkušiʔik kałwašətš suknaʔał \xe 'but when I arrived there were lots of people already there waiting and my pain wasn’t very bad any more and it seemed good to me to go.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd manner \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.214.1-216.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alitlitkəy \cf alitlitkʔəy \ce to wait for.REDUP \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alitlitkʔəy \a alitlitkəy \va (alitlitkəy) \ps v \ge wait for.REDUP \de to wait for.REDUP \cf alitkʔəy \ce to wait for \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alitoqoqo \ps v \ge sitted/squatted frog fashion on the floor with one’s legs bent, be \ge squatted/sitted frog fashion on the floor with one’s legs bent, be \de to be sitted/squatted frog fashion on the floor with one’s legs bent \mr [] \sy alinaqtsuk \cf toqoqo \ce to bend one’s knees as sharply as possible \xv 1. kalitoqoqo \xe 'I am seated with my legs bent.' \xv 2. kalilikʔe kalitoqoqo \xe 'I am squatted frog fashion on the floor.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \sd manner \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.216.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alitowš \ps v \ge war at night \de to war at night \mr [] \cf towš \ce to fight \xv 1. tsiyalitowš \xe 'they are fighting in the night.' \sd warfare \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.944; 89.216.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alitʰax \ps v \ge sleep in the morning \de to sleep in the morning \mr [] \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. tsalitʰax neʔesiqsihi kisalaqʔuy \xe 'he slept and it was already noon when he awoke.' \xv 2. tsalitʰax lokaqunup \xe 'the boy wanted to sleep in the morning' (he did not want to get up early). \xv 3. loʔkatspeʔey katip ʔan tsalitʰaxwù \xe 'the salt makes them sleepy' (referring to rattlesnakes). \sd common \sd verbs \sd routine \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.217.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alitsʔiyət \a alitsiyət \va (alitsiyət) \ps v \ge lie down with one’s buttocks up \de to lie down with one’s buttocks up \ee This was said in particular of the stink beetle. \mr [] \cf tsʔiyət \ce to put one's buttocks in the air; to crouch with one's buttocks in the air \xv 1. tsalitsiyət \xe 'he stood with his butt up' (he put his head down and his butt up). \sd animals \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.218.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alitšwe \ps v \ge sex with, have \ge fornicate with \de to have sex with; to fornicate with \mr [] \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. no ʔan kalitšwe \xe 'I slept with her and had sex with her.' \xv 2. no ʔan kalitšwe lokaxʔanwa \xe 'I slept (had sex with) a woman.' \sd common \sd body \sd verbs \rf 89.218.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aliwakʔay \ps vt \ge lie on top of smth \de to lie on top of smth \mr [] \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \xv 1. tsaliwakʔayit \xe 'she lies on top of it.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.220.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliwaya \ps v \ge hang limp (as a flag from a pole when there is no wind) \ge hang (as a bat on a tree) \de to hang limp (as a flag from a pole when there is no wind); to hang (as a bat on a tree) \mr [] \sy imahwaya \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tšaluliʔiš lokapon̓ kisaliwaya \xe 'the bat clings to the tree and hangs down.' \xv 2. tsaliwaya hekaspəy \xe 'the icycle is hanging down.' \xv 3. tsiyaliwaya lokaspeʔey (Ϟor lokaspeyspeʔey) \xe 'the flowers are hanging down on the plant.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd manner \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.88, 204, 218.3-4, 219.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliwesmes \ps v \ge lie in a crosswise position \de to lie in a crosswise position \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv aliwesmespi \pde to lie in a crosswise position.APL.LOC \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf wesmes \ce to be traversed \xv 1. kaliwesmes hesixayanəš \xe 'I lay crosswise on the bed.' \xv 2. tsaliwesmespi \xe 'it is across it.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd positions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.221.2-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliwəyə \ps v \ge lie down with head to one side \de to lie down with one’s head to one side; to turn one’s head from side to side \ee This word was archaic at the time it was recorded; one cannot say ͽʔałwəyə nor ͽtswəyə. \mr [] \xv 1. kaliwəyə \xe 'I am lying with my head turned to one side.' \xv 2. kaliwəyə \xe 'I turn my head from side to side' (such as a sick person does when sleeping). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.224.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliwotoqloʔop \ph ɑlɪwɔtɔqʰlɔˀɔp \a aliwotoqʰloʔòp \ps v \ge lie face down \de to lie face down \mr [] \cf saliwotoqloʔop \ce to put face up (lying down) \xv 1. kisaliwotoqloʔop \xe '[this man] lies face down on the ground.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.224.2; 90.9.4; 235.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alixʔox \ps v \ge snore \de to snore \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalalixʔox \pde to snore.NZ \xv 1. no ʔan kalixʔox \xe 'I snore' (Ϟor I am a snorer). \xv 2. ʔalalixʔox \xe 'bird that sings in the night.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.320.1 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx aliyaš \cf ʔaliyaš \ce road \sd variations \dt 19/Nov/2011 \lx aliyeqe \ps v \ge mouth/face up, be \de to be mouth/face up \mr [] \cf aliyexexe \ce to be on one's back \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf saliyexexe \ce to put face up \xv 1. kaliyeqe sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I swim on my face' (lit., 'I go swimming mouth up'). \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.193.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliyexexe \ps v \ge back, be on one's \de to be on one's back \mr [] \cf aqtaliyexexe \ce to fall over of one’s own accord \cf aliyeqe \ce to be mouth/face up \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf saliyexexe \ce to put face up \xv 1. kaliyexexe \xe 'I lie in bed on my back.' \xv 2. tsaliyexexe \xe '(the shark when eating) turns on his back.' \sd body \sd stative \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.194.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliyəwəš \ps n \ge head of bed \de head of bed \mr [] \cf yəwəš1 \ce head; face \xv 1. heʔišaliyəwəš lokaʔutinay \xe 'head of baby cradle.' \sd common \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.194.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aliyəwəšpi \ps v \ge lie with head towards \de to lie with one’s head towards \mr [] \cf yəwəš1 \ce head; face \xv 1. no ʔan kaliyəwəšpi hesikaxon \xe 'I have my head on the box when lying down.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.194.4-195.2, 237.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aliyuxmeʔe \ps v \ge lie with legs straight out \de to lie with one's legs sticking straight out \mr [] \cf yuxmeʔe \ce to have one’s legs extended straight out \xv 1. kaliyuxmeʔe \xe 'I am lying with my legs sticking straight out.' \xv 2. kyuxmeʔe \xe 'I have my legs extended straight out.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.195.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ałnaʔał \a ałnaʔàł \ps v \ge ?go to \de ?to go to \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. kaki sikałnaʔał \xe 'yonder I will go as well.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg TJPH \rf Greetings12 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ałnetnetpi \ps v \ge happen to.REDUP \de to happen to.REDUP \cf ałnetpi \ce to happen to \sd reduplications \dt 19/Nov/2011 \lx ałnetpi \ph ɑɬnɛtʰpɪ \a ałnetpì \a ułnetpi \va (ułnetpi) \rd ałnetnetpi \mr [] \cf nehet \ce to be as; to be so \se I \ps n \ge luck \ge fate \de luck; fate \xv 1. kasʔipʰ, “kumeł sikałnetʰpi” \xe 'and she said, “I have such bad luck.” \se II \ps v \ge happen to \de to happen to \xv 1. kumeł tšałnetpi \xe 'it is bad' (as when smth bad has happened to someone). \xv 2. xilikšaši kimuhušampošʰotš hesikukuʔu lokakšałnetnetpi ! \xe 'take care that these people here do not find out about our predicament!' \xv 3. kasaqʰnitoxlołkʔoy sałnetʰpi katšotšonəʔəš \xe 'and she put herself to thinking about what happened to the [Coyote-]Fish.' \xv 4. tštiyepus lokaštete yəlaʔa ʔišnetnetuʔutš ʔan tsalaxsumu kanawa šʰatiwənitšwaš, kasʰip, “lokaštete huktiyepus lokapkoko sipałnetpi,” kikašnaʔał \xe 'she told her mother all that had befallen her – her sufferings since she had been married. and her mother said, “I will go and tell your father your condition,” and she went.' \sd common \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.154.2, 155.1; Daughter46 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aloʔoyi \ps v \ge lying on one side, be \de to be lying on one side \mr [] \sy alikowowo \cf ʔoyi \ce to be to one side; to be twisted; to be crooked \xv 1. tsaloʔoyi \xe 'it is on one side.' \xv 2. tsʔoyi \xe 'it is on its side' (said of a tipped pot). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.235.3; 90.9.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx alotoyi \ps v \ge lie at \ge be at \de to lie at; to be at \mr [] \cf otoyi \ce to lie down \xv 1. latše ʔišalotoyi lomišup \xe 'it lies at the bottom of the sea all the time.' \xv 2. lokaqʔanwa ʔan tsalotoyi heʔisaləʔəł lokašmamawaš \xe 'the girl is lying at the feet of her grandmother. \xv 3. huknaʔał losalotoyinpi lokakʰqoqo \xe 'I am going to the grave of my father.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.237.3-238.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ałpali \ps v \ge walk along (smth narrow) \de to walk along (smth narrow) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalałpinli \pde to go along the beach/shore.NZ \xv 1. no ʔan kałpali \xe 'I walk along a fallen tree trunk.' \xv 2. sixalu sixaʔax kihuksuwesmes sipon̓, kihusiałpali siqʔonon, kihusi yapiyam, husiyiwałtapi hesixalu \xe 'I hunt a big can and traverse a stick and the rats go across it and fall in.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.239.2-4 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx ałpinli \ps v \ge go along the beach \de to go along the beach/shore \mr [] \cf anpinan̓i \ce to go along the beach \cf axtałpinli \ce to run along the ocean shore \xv 1. kałpinli \xe 'I go along [the] beach' (not in the water). \xv 2. kałpinli heʔsimuwu \xe 'I go along the sea beach.' \xv 3. kaʔalałpinli kaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the coyote was going along the shore.' \xv 4. kikasamʔipił miluk ʔełyepi \xe 'and they tell you to go by the cliffs.' \xv 5. kakyamtiʔiy kełkʔewli \xe 'I came down here going along the bank of a river or edge of a precipice.' \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.240.4, 242.3-243.2, 632.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ałpu \ps v \ge go around inside of \de to go around inside of \ee Harrington thought that this had the same meaning as ałpunli. \cf ałpunli \ce to skirt around the corner of \cf aqškutałputš \ce to think; to worry \cf kənətli \ce to go around outside in a circular direction \cf šaqškutałputš \ce to consider; to think about; to be of an opinion \xv 1. kałpu \xe 'I go around inside of a circle/crowd (said of a dancer going around inside a circle marked out by a crowd). \xv 2. tsiyałpunli heʔismiluk ʔiše \xe 'he goes around the base of the cliff.' \xv 3. tsiyałpu lokašotšonəš kaałʔixoyòyò. tsisusʰamha lokahew kasiyutoqʔopʰ kamusikitʰwoniʔì \xe 'it [the pelican] goes around the school of flying fish. when they sense the pelican, they dive down and do not come out again.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.242.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ałpunli \ps v \ge skirt around the corner of \de to skirt around the corner of \ee This can also be used to talk of the tongue moving around the corners of the mouth. Harrington notes that this word has the same meaning as ałpunli. \mr [] \cf ałpu \ce to go around inside of \cf kənətli \ce to go around outside in a circular direction \cf sałpunli \ce to make something go skirting around a corner of \xv 1. tsałpunli heʔismiluk ʔišə \xe 'he goes around the base of the cliff.' \xv 2. kałpunli \xe 'I skirt around the corner inside the house,' \xe 'I go skirting around the corner of the room.' \xv 3. kʰkənətli lokapʔap \xe 'I went around your house.' \xv 4. ksałpunli \xe 'I make it go skirting around the corner of the room.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.242.4-243.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ałtə \ps v \ge meet smn/smth \de to meet smn/smth \ee This cannot be said of inanimate objects, since they do not go about. However, this can be said of animals, since they are mobile. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ałtəš \pde to meet smn/smth.IPFV \cf ʔałʔałwatʔałtə \ce contrarian \cf ʔutałtə \ce to be enemy of \cf aqutałtə \ce to be glottalized (as is said of certain features of Ventureño) \cf sałtə \ce to cause to meet with; to bump \cf saqutałtə1 \ce to block; to stop from moving \cf tsʔaqutałtə \ce neck of a flint blade; fly trap \cf ušałtə \ce to receive \cf watʔałtə \ce to contradict; to go against; to be antidote \xv 1. kałtə sipułhewu \xe 'I met a sheep.' \xv 2. kšałtə (Ϟor kišałtə) \xe 'we two met.' \xv 3. no ʔan kšałtəš lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man and I met together.' \xv 4. no ʔan kałtə lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I met the man' (he standing, I approaching). \xv 5. tšišałtəš \xe 'they two met together.' \xv 6. kałtə šaʔatʔaxatš hemaliyaš \xe 'I met a man on the road.' \xv 7. no ʔan kałtə sixʔanwa losikayi \xe 'I met a woman on the street.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd manners \lg JPH \rf 89.249.2-4, 250, 251.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aluʔułyiʔin \ps v \ge lie long \ge stand long \de to lie long; to stand long \ee Harrington noted that this was not a word that his consultant used, but that the word was still judged to be “okay.” \mr [] \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \xv 1. tsaluʔułyiʔin \xe 'it lies or stands long.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.281.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aluliʔiš \ps v \ge cling to \de to cling to \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \mr [] \xv 1. tšaluliʔiš lokapon̓ kisaliwaya \xe '(the bat) clings to the tree and hangs down.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.274.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx alumu \a alumuw \a alumul \va (alumul-, alumuw-) \ps vt \ge counsel \de to counsel \mr [] \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \xv 1. lokasihinwot ʔan tsalumuwuswu lokasʰinku \xe 'the chief counseled the people.' \xv 2. palumuwus lokaʔaluqtiyəw \xe 'thou shalt counsel him who needs it.' \xv 3. tsalumulit ʔan tsʔipit kʰan pqisənwu hałʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš ʔan mupwatinowo ʔapitaq hałʔiyʔipʔipʰpi \xe 'my grandmother counseled me not to suddenly stand by a bunch of men to listen what they are talking about.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.275.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aluqtiyəw \ps v \ge lack \ge need \de to lack; to need \mr [] \cf uqtiyəw \ce to lack; to need (from lack of) \xv 1. huki paluqtiyəw \xe 'what do you need/lack?' \xv 2. ʔəhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kaʔiskawkawayuʔu kimusʔił hałʔaluqtiyəw \xe 'he had a lot of cattle and horses and lacked nothing.' \xv 3. palumuwus lokaʔaluqtiyəw \xe 'thou shalt counsel him who needs it.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd senses \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.182.1, 273.3, 275.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alušiʔik \ps n \ge pain \de pain \mr [] \cf ušiʔik \ce to ache \xv 1. pi ʔan mukapeqweł kikalaxsumu (kikalaxanmu), kʔuwe tsʔił šikalušiʔik pikapeqweł \xe 'you have not caused my suffering, but I have suffered much because of you.' \xv 2. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \sd common \sd body \sd health \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.277.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aluškʔəy \rd alušluškʔəy \ps v \ge move about in one place \de to move about in one place \mr [] \cf šaluškʔəy \ce to cause to move \cf uškʔəy \ce to move \xv 1. lašalušluškʔəy \xe 'the boat rocked.' \xv 2. hušaluškʔəy \xe 'it is going to move' (any kind of motion). \xv 3. tšiyalušluškʔəy kika siqołqonowo, kikasiwonwon \xe 'they writhe, jump and groan' (said of fishes). \xv 4. tšnowo hekakʰkawayu kikamušʰuyanaʔał, kušušmaxyət ʔan tsʰukunoywu heʔispu kimušaluškʔəy, kinupan tsʰuyaxšilit \xe 'my horse stopped and did not want to go. I kept pulling him but he planted his front feet in front of him and tried to bite me as well.' \xv 5. no ʔan ktokom ; mukalukʔəy \xe 'I have a cramp' ; 'I do not move.' \xv 6. kʰan sukaluškʔəy ʔan kaywaliʔiʔi tšnepiyətus \xe 'if I move the cramp is worse.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.277.3-278.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alušluškʔəy \ps v \ge move about in one place.REDUP \de to move about in one place.REDUP \cf aluškʔəy \ce to move about in one place \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alušqałtš \ps v \ge open (as a door or pot without a lid), be \de to be open (as a door or pot without a lid) \mr [] \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \cf ušqʰał \ce I. wedge II. to push open \xv 1. tšušqałtš \xe 'the door is open.' \xv 2. tšalušqałtš \xe 'the olla has the lid off.' \sd household \sd verbs \sd manner \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.279.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aluštʔey \ps v \ge busy, be \de to be busy \mr [] \sy makʔak \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \xv 1. ʔəhə sukaluštʔey \xe 'I have much to do.' \xv 2. no ʔan kmakʔak \xe 'I am very busy.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd routine \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.279.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx alutikuy \a alutikʔúy \a alutikʔuy \va (alutikʔuy) \ps v \ge face a direction \de to face in a direction \mr [] \cf kuya \ce to turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \cf šalutikuy \ce to look in a certain direction \cf utikuy \ce to look to the side \xv 1. ʔiti hukalutikuy \xe 'I am going to look in this direction.' \xv 2. kšalutikuy \xe 'we-two are looking in a certain direction.' \xv 3. kalutikuy \xe 'I am looking in a certain direction.' \xv 4. ʔan hesalutikuy lokašʔikunətaš \xe 'it is turned towards the joint.' \xv 5. hekalutikuy ʔatʔapliʔiš \xe 'I face east.' \sd manner \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.280.3-281.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ałwa \ps v \ge kill (a person) \de to kill (a person) \ee This is said of people only; this cannot be said of animals, etc. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałʔałwa \pde to kill (a person).NZ \cf aqškʔunimay \ce to kill (an animal) clandestinely \xv 1. no ʔan hukałwa payikʔulaʔasku ʔałtapi hesaʔap \xe 'I will kill anybody who comes into this house.' \xv 2. mupałwa \xe 'you did not kill.' \xv 3. tsałwa siku ʔan muʔampošʰotš, musʔił ʔałpošʰotš \xe 'he killed someone and nobody knew it.' \xv 4. kałwa siku \xe 'I killed a person.' \xv 5. hukałwa hešaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to kill this man.' \xv 6. huktaktə hekakʰinwaka \xe 'I am going to kill my cow.' \xv 7. ʔałʔałwa \xe 'murderer.' \sd people \sd verbs \sd common \sd lifecycle \lg JPH \rf 89.144.3, 160.3, 282.1-283.4 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx ałwalinaʔał \ps v \ge go before \de to go before \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. no kayukałwalinaʔał, kʰoko ʔan husuleqpeyit \xe 'I am going first, and my father after.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.284.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ałwašəʔəʔətš \ps v \ge better than, be \de to be better than \mr [] \cf wašətš \ce to be good; to be pretty; to be well \cf wašəʔəʔətš \ce to be true; to be very pretty \xv 1. kałwašəʔəʔətš ʔišišʰin lokakatu \xe 'it is better than a cat.' \xv 2. kałwašəʔəʔətš losixałwon \xe 'it [white clay] is better (for head washing) than soap.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd comparatives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.606.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ałwelexš \ps v \ge endure smth \de to endure smth \mr [] \cf welexš \ce to pass \xv 1. yəlaʔà loʔkakumeł kałwelèxš \xe 'all the bad that I endured.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 95.19.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ałxalalatš \ps v \ge rustling sound, make a \de to make a rustling sound \ee Harrington's speaker notes that many times the dry maiz rustles thus, sometimes much with the wind. \xv 1. tšałxalalatš \xe 'the leaves of the tree sound like the rattlesnake.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd language \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.450.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx am- \a ʔam- \a am̓- \va (ʔam-) \ps pro \ge INDEF \ge irrelevant number prefix \de irrelevant number prefix \ee Glossed as IRLV. \xv 1. tsameqweł \xe 'and they make it.' \xv 2. tsamsumoxpʔow \xe 'they bend' (a board). \xv 3. naštəʔəʔə tšʔanutš lokaxəp, naštəʔəʔə tsamqisə. kʔuwe samʔip ʔan mušaqša lokaqunup kʔuwe šeqwełtšəši sipistuk \xe 'the rock is still blood-stained, it can still be seen. and they say that the child did not die but was turned into a ground-squirrel.' \xv 4. tsameqweł loʔkaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš katomoł kašnehet ʔiškom̓ ʔišamqawawahatš kaʔišmaqtunutš ʔišʔułyinaʔaš \xe 'they make the keel about two and a half fathoms.' \xv 5. tšiyaxitš (Ϟor tšamaxitš) \xe 'they 3+ are shooting each other with arrows in the war.' \xv 6. tsamyikus susʔatʔap latšə heʔismaʔam hemišup \xe 'they gave him permission to live always below the earth.' \xv 7. ʔamʔałkuyam \xe 'many are on horseback.' \xv 8. muštšum lusamʔuw \xe 'it is no good to eat.' \xv 9. yəlaʔa lokalamnikətus ʔan lašnəkəkš ʔisʔuw \xe 'all that they brought her she ate herself.' \xv 10. huʔamaxinaʔał \xe 'they are going to have a dance.' \xv 11. neluʔamaxiwił ? \xe 'where are they going to have the dance?' \xv 12. yəlaʔa kitaxsə̀ loʔkałʔamipʰpi \xe 'I understood all that they told me.' \xv 13. ʔiʔałkuyam ; ʔamʔałkuyam \xe 'they are on horseback' ; 'many are on horseback.' \xv 14. lokaʔałtšuyaqša ʔan lamitʔi ʔisamitaq ʔišałhaš \xe 'they barely can hear what the sick man says.' \xv 15. loʔištəpə kasʔił salamnaqša \xe 'at the roots of its teeth it has its poison.' \xv 16. laʔkʰan ʔi tsamuštʔewè loʔištelèq kapaxàt kikamušašnaʔàł \xe 'when you spear a whale in the tail, it is incapacitated.' \xv 17. huʔamwipʰatata \xe 'they are going to hit it so that it all falls to pieces like a shattered clod.' \xv 18. kałwašətš suʔamnišaqa lokaʔalaxwayi \xe 'it is a good plan to kill the gluttonous woman.' \xv 19. wašətš ʔisamqisənwu siyʔiyʔałtšimałtətš \xe 'it is very pretty to watch cowboys who are good at lasooing.' \sd prefixes \sd nprefixes \sd vprefixes \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.298.3 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx amamə \ps v \ge body of, be the \de to be the body of \cf ʔamam̓ə \ce body \xv 1. tsamamə ʔi sapʰ \xe 'family' (literally, ‘body of the house’). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd household \sd descriptions \sd body \lg JPH \rf 79.442.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx anaməkə \cf ʔanaməkə \ce to tolerate; to support; to hold \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx anaquwin̓ \ps name \ge Anaquwin̓ \de Anaquwin̓ \ee This was the Chumash name of José Coyote, who was a drummer of Ventura. Diminutive form of ʔalaxəwəł ‘coyote.’ \mr [<ʔalaxuwəl (coyote.ϡdimϡ)>] \cf ʔalaxəwəł \ce coyote \sd names \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.742.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aniso \cf ʔaniso \ce seagull; gull \sd variations \dt 30/Jun/2012 \lx anixwatškoloy \cf ʔanixwotškʔoloy \ce duck with green wings; mallard \sd variations \dt 30/Jun/2012 \lx anpinan̓i \ph ɑn̥pɪˈnɑn̰ɪ \ps v \ge go along the beach \de to go along the beach \mr ?[] \cf ałpinli \ce to go along the beach/shore \xv 1. kanpínán̓i \xe 'I am going along the beach.' \xv 2. siyanpinan̓i \xe 'all animals or people that go on shore .' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd directions \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 71.318.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ap- \cf api-1 \ce by/from heat or fire \sd variations \dt 13/Dec/2011 \lx apałhay \rd apałpałhay \ps v \ge jump (from any height to any height) \de to jump (from any height to any height) \xv 1. ki sapałhay \xe 'it jumps.' \xv 2. no ʔan kapałhay \xe 'I jump' (down from a roof or on level, or up on top). \xv 3. tsapałhay \xe 'the spider jumps.' \xv 4. tsapałhay \xe 'he skips/jumps' (said of a bug). \xv 5. hukmes hukapałpałhay \xe 'I am going to cross the water giving several jumps.' \xv 6. hukiyapałhay ʔapi ʔasku hałʔałxałməkəʔə ; ʔutinoʔoʔo hukapałhay \xe 'let’s see which of us 3+ can jump the furthest' ; 'now it is my turn to jump.' \sd motion \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 82.13.4, 89.307.4-309.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apałpałhay \ps v \ge jump (from any height to any height).REDUP \de to jump (from any height to any height).REDUP \cf apałhay \ce to jump (from any height to any height) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apaqša \ps v \ge hot from the weather, be \de to be hot from the weather \ee This verb is not used of being warm or hot from a fire or from clothes. \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \cf oxmoł \ce to become warm \cf uxtišaw \ce to be warm \xv 1. no ʔan kapaqša \xe 'I am too hot or very warm with the sun’s heat.' \xv 2. kisawus \xe 'I am sweating.' \sd meteorology \sd senses \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 89.304.4-305.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apaqtaha \ps v \ge shade of (tree, etc.), be in the \de to be in the shade of (tree, etc.) \ee This seems to indicate that one is being shaded by a tree, unless otherwise specified. \mr [] \cf apaqtahaʔa \ce to shade oneself; to put oneself in the shade; to go to shade \cf apaqtahanmu \ce shady place where people cool off \cf aqtaha \ce to be cold (said of something that was previously warm) \cf watapaqtaha \ce to stop in the shade of \xv 1. tsapaqtaha \xe 'it is in the shade.' \xv 2. no ʔan kapaqtaha \xe 'I am in the shade of a tree.' \xv 3. kapaqtaha heʔismaʔam sita \xe 'I am in the shade of an oak tree.' \xv 4. hukapaqtaha heʔisaqwətəy hekakʔap \xe 'I am going to put myself in the shade of my house.' \sd meteorology \sd senses \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.305.4-306.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apaqtahaʔa \ps v \ge shade oneself \ge put oneself in the shade \ge go to shade \de to shade oneself; to put oneself in the shade; to go to shade \mr [] \cf apaqtaha \ce to be in the shade of (tree, etc.) \cf aqtaha \ce to be cold (said of something that was previously warm) \xv 1. hukapaqtahaʔa \xe 'I am going to the shade.' \sd verbs \sd meteorology \sd motion \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.306.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apaqtahanmu \ps n \ge shady place where people cool off \de shady place where people cool off \mr [] \cf apaqtaha \ce to be in the shade of (tree, etc.) \cf aqtaha \ce to be cold (said of something that was previously warm) \xv 1. lokaʔapaqtahanmu \xe 'a shady place, where many people get in the shade to cool off.' \sd places \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 89.307.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apaqwaʔay \ps v \ge cook completely \ge cook well \de to cook completely/well \ee Note that this word refers to the internal properties of a cooked item, it does not mean to cook something in a transitive sense. \mr [] \cf aqwaʔay \ce to be/go on the mark; to hit (on) the mark \xv 1. muapaqwaʔay \xe 'it is not cooking well.' \xv 2. tsapaqwaʔay heʔišʔapš \xe 'this soup is well done.' \xv 3. tsaqwaʔay \xe 'he hit the mark.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.307.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apastipił \ps v \ge boiled down, be \ge boiled thick, be \de to be boiled down; to be boiled thick \mr [] \cf astipił \ce to be thick \xv 1. tsapastipił \xe 'the soup is well-boiled down thick.' \xv 2. tsastipił \xe 'it is thick.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd water \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.311.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apaxsəw \ps v \ge dry by heat \de to dry by heat \mr [] \cf axsəw \ce to be dry \cf sapaxsəw \ce to dry smth with heat \xv 1. tsapaxsəw \xe 'it got dry by the fire.' \xv 2. ksapaxsəw \xe 'I dry it by the fire.' \sd heat \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.310.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apəhəʔən \ps v \ge burn \ge fire, be on \de to burn; to be on fire \mr [] \cf ʔałsapəhəʔən \ce one who makes bursts of light; glowworm \cf əhəʔən \ce to be too much \cf sapəhəʔən \ce to make a big flash of light \xv 1. neʔesapəhəʔən \xe 'it is now/already burning a lot.' \xv 2. neʔesixut hesinə \xe 'it already burns.' \sd food \sd heat \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.311.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apət \rd apətpət \ps v \ge tread on \ge step on \de to tread on; to step on \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv apətli \pde to tread on.DIR; to step on.DIR \cf ʔapətəʔəš \ce sole of foot \cf ʔapətinaš \ce slope; ascent \cf ʔunapət \ce stairway; ladder \cf alapəti \ce to climb up at night \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \cf axapət \ce to shinny up \cf axtapət \ce to set foot on \cf kʔilapəti \ce to ascend quickly; to go up quickly \cf kʔitʔapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to go up slowly \cf maqutapəti \ce to run up \cf maxsapəti \ce to drag up; to pull up \cf napəti \ce to carry up \cf pitʔapəti \ce to run up quickly to the top of \cf sapəti \ce to put on top of \cf sumaxtapəti \ce to pull up \cf sutapəti \ce to run uphill \cf suxilapət \ce to make smn look up; to tilt smn’s head up \cf šutapətš \ce to pull up \cf unapəti \ce to go up in the daytime \cf wayapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to ascend lazily \cf xatʔapəti \ce to go up quickly \cf xilapət \ce to look up; to tilt one’s head up \xv 1. apət hesikawayu ! \xe 'mount that horse!' \xv 2. apət hesilamesa ! \xe 'get on top of that table!' \xv 3. no ʔan hukapətił losipʔəł \xe 'I am going to tread on your foot.' \xv 4. tštiyam kəwə musiyapətpət heʔišupšuʔup \xe 'it sinks down because they do not stamp down the earth.' \xv 5. mupsuyapət ʔasitsʔuqił hałmantaraya \xe 'look out lest you step on a stingray and he pierce you.' \xv 6. hukapət ʔiti simesa \xe 'I am going to get on top of the table and stand upon it.' \xv 7. lanupaʔaʔan tsmeleweʔe šiʔišaw kikasapətli ʔiswenmu \xe 'as soon as the sun sets it goes to roost.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 69.944.2; 89.311.4-312.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apəti \ps v \ge climb up (using one's feet) \de to climb up (using one's feet) \mr [] \cf ʔapətinaš \ce slope; ascent \cf alapəti \ce to climb up at night \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf kʔilapəti \ce to ascend quickly; to go up quickly \cf kʔitʔapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to go up slowly \cf maqutapəti \ce to run up \cf maxsapəti \ce to drag up; to pull up \cf napəti \ce to carry up \cf pitʔapəti \ce to run up quickly to the top of \cf sapəti \ce to put on top of \cf sumaxtapəti \ce to pull up \cf unapəti \ce to go up in the daytime \cf walapəti \ce to scramble up in a hurry \cf wayapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to ascend lazily \cf xatʔapəti \ce to go up quickly \xv 1. kʰkʔilapəti \xe 'I went up quickly.' \xv 2. kʰkʔitʔapəti \xe 'I went up slowly.' \xv 3. hukapəti hesixəp \xe 'I am going to step on this stone.' \xv 4. hukapəti \xe 'I am going to climb up.' \xv 5. waliʔiʔin tsapəti \xe 'he went up quickly.' \xv 6. hukapəti loʔišup \xe 'I am going up to the mountain not carrying anything.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg TJPH \rf 89.311.3; 90.63.4-64.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apətpət \ps v \ge tread.REDUP \ge step.on.REDUP \de to tread.REDUP; to step on.REDUP \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx api \cf ʔapi \ce hey; so; okay; well; tell me more \sd variations \dt 09/Mar/2011 \lx api- \a ap- \va (ap-) \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge by/from heat or fire \ge heat/fire, by/from \ge fire/heat, by/from \ge INSTR.heat/fire \de by/from heat or fire \ee This prefix indicates that the situation is accomplished or related to heat or fire. Glossed as INSTR.heat/fire. \cf ʔapš \ce to be hot \cf apaqša \ce to be hot from the weather \cf apaqtaha \ce to be in the shade of (tree, etc.) \cf apaqtahaʔa \ce to shade oneself; to put oneself in the shade; to go to shade \cf apaqtahanmu \ce shady place where people cool off \cf apaqwaʔay \ce to cook completely/well \cf apastipił \ce to be boiled down; to be boiled thick \cf apaxsəw \ce to dry by heat \cf apəhəʔən \ce to burn; to be on fire \cf apipkʔes \ce to burst from heat \cf apipne \ce to crackle from fire \cf apišošoy \ce to be dark (from exposure to the sun); to be tanned \cf apiteqpey \ce to burn onto; to stick to by being burnt on to \cf apisaqałhaha \ce to open by means of hot water \cf apoʔowow \ce to bleach from heat \cf apitsʔə \ce to be (very) hot \cf apiqiłkuʔum \ce to be soaked through by hot water \cf apiwił \ce to be a fire (in the open) \cf apiwilutš \ce to be a place of a former campfire \cf apixe \ce to be burnt out \cf apixšilili \ce to hiss from heat \cf apiyi \ce to be a forest fire or conflagration in the mountains \cf sapaxsəw \ce to dry smth with heat \cf sapəhəʔən \ce to make a big flash of light \cf sapikəyəmi \ce to straighten with fire \cf sapipkʔes \ce to cause to burst open from heat \cf sapiwił \ce to make a fire \cf sapiwiłmu \ce fireplace; place where they build the fire all the time \cf sapixe \ce to burn smth down \cf šapinoqš \ce to break with fire \cf šapuštipey \ce to cook together \cf tšapexʔenutš \ce embers \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd heat \lg TJPH; Applegate \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx api- \hm 2 \ps vpre \ge INCEP \ge inceptive verbal prefix \de inceptive verbal prefix \ee This prefix is used of sudden, initial, or beginning action. Glossed as INCEP. \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ api- ‘quickly’ (Applegate 1972: 335) \cf ʔapimešeš \ce invited person; guest \cf ʔanapiqe \ce fledgeling \cf apikitwo \ce to embark (in a boat); to leave port; to go out in a boat \cf apimes \ce to invite \cf apinuna \ce to come from suddenly \cf apiqe \ce to begin to fly \cf apiwelexš \ce to dodge \cf apiyam \ce to fall quickly \cf apiyamutš \ce to be fallen \cf apuʔuw \ce to peck \cf apuliʔiš \ce to grab smth suddenly \cf apuqštahay \ce to become red (immediately) \cf apuškeʔey \ce to be hooked \cf apuštʔey \ce to touch quickly and pull back quickly \cf sapiyam \ce to let fall; to loose \cf sapiyət \ce to begin to sing \cf šapiwelexš \ce to shy from \cf šapuškeʔey \ce to hook smth onto; to seize smth with a hook \cf šapuškeyeʔeš \ce hook; chia hook \cf šapəškəwə \ce to bail out (water from) \cf šapəškəwənəʔəš \ce bailing instrument \cf šapuškəwətš \ce to be bailing (water from) \cf watwatisapiyam \ce to drop smth as one moves \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apiʔiš \ps v \ge gather wood \de to gather wood \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI apʼiš (Beeler 1970: 48) \cf ʔapišaʔaš \ce wood gathering strap \cf ʔapišmu \ce place for firewood \cf apišaš \ce to have gathered firewood \xv 1. no ʔan hukapiʔiš hukaxipakeʔet \xe 'I am going to get wood, I am going to make one trip only.' \xv 2. hukapiʔiš \xe 'I am going to get firewood.' \xv 3. hukapìʔiš losimuwu \xe 'I am going to gather driftwood on the beach.' \xv 4. neł hupkuʔum? : losimuwu \xe 'where do you get firewood?' : 'at the beach.' \sd ocean \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.320.3-321.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx apikitwo \ph ɑpɪkɪtʰwɔ \a apikitʰwo \ps v \ge set out (in a boat) \ge leave port \ge go out in a boat \de to embark (in a boat); to leave port; to go out in a boat \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. hukapikitwo \xe 'I am going out on the water in a boat.' \xv 2. tsiyapikitwo \xe 'they went out in boat together.' \xv 3. kapikitwo kaqšutš santa barbara \xe 'I set out in a boat and make towards Santa Barbara.' \xv 4. tsamapikitʰwò \xe 'the boats are leaving the port.' \xv 5. tsamapikitʰwo lokaʔapayək \xe 'they are going out for the sweat-house.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd ocean \sd culture \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.327.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apimes \ps v \ge invite \de to invite \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalapimes \pde to invite.NZ \cf ʔapimešeš \ce invited person; guest \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. ʔalapimes \xe 'he invites.' \xv 2. kapimesił \xe 'I invite you.' \xv 3. ʔalapimeswu \xe 'he invites them.' \xv 4. apimešeš \xe 'he is invited.' \xv 5. hukapimes \xe 'I am going to invite.' \sd verbs \sd manners \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.328.4-329.1 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx apin \ps v \ge burn smth \ge cauterize smth \de to burn smth; to cauterize smth \xv 1. lokašapinwaš \xe 'where he burnt it' (cannot be said of a burnt place in the forest). \xv 2. tsapinit hesikʔəł \xe 'he cauterized my leg.' \sd heat \sd verbs \sd roots \lg TJPH \rf 89.329.3, 546.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apinuna \ps v \ge come from suddenly \de to come from suddenly \mr [] \cf nuna \ce to come from \xv 1. kikasapinuna heʔalałpay kisutoqop \xe 'he dives from on high' (said of a bird diving into the water from high in the air). \sd verbs \sd path \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.329.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apipkʔes \ps v \ge burst from heat \de to burst from heat \mr [] \cf pkʔes \ce to burst open; to open from the inside out \cf sapipkʔes \ce to cause to burst open from heat \xv 1. tsapipkʔes soʔonhokok \xe 'the lizard burst open by doing thus.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksapipkʔes soʔonhokok \xe 'I threw the lizard in the fire to make him burst open.' \xv 3. tspkʔes \xe 'it burst open.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.330.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx apipne \ps v \ge crackle from fire \de to crackle from fire \mr [] \cf iple \ce to snap (said of a firebrand) \xv 1. kisʔip šəpəšiwàš hís nayisapipne ʔištəq saʔanaxpak soʔo \xe 'and Coyote said, "hiss! it does off (burns) like a firecracker broken open in the middle of the stingy one with water." ' \sd heat \sd verbs \sd senses \sd language \lg TJPH \rf Travels72 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apiqe \ps v \ge begin to fly \de to begin to fly \mr [] \cf ʔanapiqe \ce fledgeling \xv 1. kanawa siyʔaləhəy ʔan kasiyapiqe \xe 'when the birds are adult they start to fly.' \xv 2. ʔanapìqè \xe 'any kind of young bird that cannot yet fly.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.328.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apiqiłkuʔum \ps v \ge soaked through by hot water, be \de to be soaked through by hot water \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf qiłkuʔum \ce to soak in water; to be soaked through \xv 1. tsapiqiłkuʔum \xe 'it is soaked in the olla, with fire in some way, with heat.' \xv 2. tsqiłkuʔum \xe 'it is soaked through' (said of something I have left soaking to get soft). \sd verbs \sd water \sd heat \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.328.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apisaqałhaha \ps v \ge open by means of hot water \de to open by means of hot water \mr [] \cf akałhaha \ce to be gaping \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \cf saqʰałhaha \ce to open apart (said of clam shells) \xv 1. tsiyapisaqałhaha \xe '[the clams] open in hot water.' \sd heat \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd food \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.331.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apišaš \ps v \ge have gathered firewood \ge gathered firewood, have \de to have gathered firewood \mr [] \cf apiʔiš \ce to gather wood \xv 1. kišapišaš kišnunaʔli loʔkasmup \xe 'he collected firewood, he carried it to the cave.' \sd verbs \sd household \rf Roadrunner161 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apišošoy \ps v \ge tanned, be \ge dark (from exposure to the sun), be \de to be dark (from exposure to the sun); to be tanned \mr [] \cf šošoy \ce to be black; to be dark \xv 1. no ʔan kapišošoy \xe 'I am tanned with exposure to the sun.' \xv 2. tsixwapit šiʔišaw \xe 'I got sunburnt.' \xv 3. tšapišošoy hesikʰpu \xe 'my arm is burnt (by the sun).' \sd body \sd descriptions \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.331.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apiteqpey \ps v \ge burn onto \ge stick to by being burnt on to \de to burn onto; to stick to by being burnt on to \mr [] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. heʔišʔuxšaʔaš ʔan laxulasapiteqpey \xe 'it seems [from the smell] that the mush is burning on the bottom.' \sd verbs \sd heat \sd food \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.332.1, 344.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apitsʔə \ps v \ge hot, be (very) \de to be (very) hot \ee It seems that, for the most part, the word ͽišaw is said of internal heat while ͽapitsʔə is said of internal heat transferred from or caused by another source. This could explain the subtle differences in meaning in the examples for having a fever. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalapitsʔə \pde to be very hot.NZ \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \cf sapitsʔə \ce to heat smth \cf tsʔə \ce to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \xv 1. tsapitsʔə hesikʔamamə \xe 'I have a fierce fever.' \xv 2. tšišaw sikʔamamə \xe 'my body is hot' (I have a fever). \xv 3. huksinay soʔo hesinə kuhusapitsʔə \xe 'I put some water on the fire so it will get hot.' \xv 4. saʔalapitsʔə soʔo \xe 'the hot water.' \xv 5. tsapitsʔə hemišup \xe 'the ground is very hot.' \xv 6. tšišaw hemišup \xe 'the ground is warm' (so that it does not burn my feet). \xv 7. hukixwap hesikʔəł \xe 'I am going to have burnt feet.' \xv 8. neʔeseqenit saʔalapitsʔə, hesikʔamamə \xe 'the heat has already left my body.' \xv 9. tsapitsʔə \xe 'it glows' (said of red hot iron or of burning sore). \sd heat \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.332.3-334.2 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx apiweleʔexš \ps v \ge dodge.REDUP \de to dodge.REDUP \cf apiwelexš \ce to dodge \sd reduplications \dt 02/Dec/2012 \lx apiwelexš \rd apiweleʔexš \ps v \ge dodge \de to dodge \mr [] \cf welexš \ce to pass \xv 1. kišapiwelexš \xe 'and he dodged.' \xv 2. šiyitšemetšeš sipaxat, tsisuyaxsił heʔisqəp lokapaxat kilokapaxat ʔan tsʰuyawəpʰpiwu lokašteleq, ʔan tšišapiwelexš šiyuštowitš \xe 'the grampuses are enemies of whales, they bite the whale in the belly and the whale tries to hit them with his tail but they dodge, they are swift.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.335.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apiwił \ps v \ge fire (in the open), be a \de to be a fire (in the open) \mr [] \ee Harrington notes that this word was not used of building a fire in a fireplace in a hut nor in a stove or oven. It was used of building a fire in a campsight where there was no established place for a fire. \cf apiwilutš \ce to be a place of a former campfire \cf sapiwił \ce to make a fire \xv 1. tšapiwilutš \xe 'where the fire was.' \xv 2. ʔiti sapiwił \xe 'the fire is burning here.' \xv 3. tsiyapiwił \xe 'there are three or more fires' ; 'there are fires in three or more places.' \sd heat \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.335.4-336.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apiwilutš \ps v \ge campfire, be a place of a former \de to be a place of a former campfire \mr [] \cf apiwił \ce to be a fire (in the open) \xv 1. tšapiwilutš \xe 'where the fire was.' \xv 2. ʔiti sapiwił \xe 'the fire is burning here.' \xv 3. tsapiwił \xe 'there is a campfire.' \sd verbs \sd places \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.336.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apixe \ps v \ge burnt out, be \de to be burnt out \ee This form may have been archaic at the time Harrington recorded it. \mr [] \cf sapixe \ce to burn smth down \xv 1. tsapiyi loʔišup ʔan tsapixe \xe 'there was a forest fire in the mountains and the forest all burnt out clean.' \xv 2. ksapixe yəlaʔa \xe 'I burnt out everything.' \xv 3. tsapiyi loʔišup ʔəhə siyʔitow \xe 'there is a fire in the mountains, a lot of smoke is rising.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd heat \sd descriptions \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.330.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apixšilili \ps v \ge hiss from heat \de to hiss from heat \mr [] \cf ixšilili \ce to screech \xv 1. tšapixšilili \xe 'the lard frying hisses' (when you drop eggs into it to fry). \sd food \sd verbs \sd onomatopoeia \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 89.330.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apiyam \a apiyám \ps v \ge fall quickly \de to fall quickly \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv apiyampi \pde to fall down.APL.LOC \cf apiyamutš \ce to be fallen \cf sapiyam \ce to let fall; to loose \cf watwatisapiyam \ce to drop smth as one moves \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. tsapiyam saʔaqiwo \xe 'a star falls.' \xn 'se cayó una estrella.' \xv 2. tsapiyam \xe 'it fell down' (said when a stone fell off a table). \xv 3. no ʔan huksapiyam hesixəp \xe 'I am going to make this stone drop down.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukšuwatipšokʔi hešaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am going to knock this man over.' \xv 5. tsiyapiyam ʔišə \xe 'they fell over the bank.' \xv 6. kapiyam \xe 'I fell down' (from a high place shooting through the air to a lower place). \xv 7. tsapiyam soʔoxtokow \xe 'it is snowing.' \xv 8. tsiyapiyam sikʔoqwo \xe 'my hair is falling out.' \xv 9. no ʔan kotoyi heʔismaʔam sikuw̓ ʔan nelasapiyampiyit šiyʔixpanəš hesiktəq \xe 'I slept under an oak tree and an acorn fell down and hit me on the face.' \xv 10. tsapiyamli lokasapiyi \xe 'the forest or hill fire is descending, burning farther down the hill side.' \xv 11. tsiyapiyam ʔisʰa \xe 'his teeth are falling out' (said of a 7 year old child). \xv 12. kinelasapiyampiyit \xe 'a bird flew down on top of me.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd body \sd meteorology \sd body \sd path \sd manner \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.829; 89.27.1-28.2, 321.4-325.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apiyamutš \ps v \ge fallen, be \de to be fallen \mr [] \cf apiyam \ce to fall quickly \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. lokaštəkšəʔəš kaqʰaq ʔan tšaqništaqapqap šixšo sineʔesiyapiyamutš \xe 'the color of the antelope resembles that of fallen sycamore leaves.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd chronometry \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.326.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apiyət \ps v \ge perform (sing) incantations at night \de to perform (sing) incantations at night \ee Harrington notes explicitly that this verb does not convey an element of singing. However, he directly translates it as involving singing. It does seem clear, however, that this verb indicates the performance of some type of magic. \mr [] \cf ʔałtsapiyət \ce dirge singer \cf napiyət \ce to be intense; to be strong \cf sapiyət \ce to begin to sing \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \sd verbs \sd mythology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.326.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apiyi \ps v \ge forest fire, be a \ge conflagration, be a \de to be a forest fire or conflagration in the mountains \ee This verb not used of being sunburnt. \mr [] \xv 1. tsapiyi loʔišup ʔan tsapixe \xe 'there was a conflagration in the mountains or a forest fire and the forest all burnt out clean.' \xv 2. tsapiyi loʔišup ʔəhə siyʔitow \xe 'there is a fire in the mountains, a lot of smoke is rising.' \sd nature \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.326.4-327.1. 330.2; 91.22.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apoʔowow \ps v \ge bleach from heat \de to bleach from heat \ee This verb alone cannot be used of a shell bleached by sun or fire. Harrington notes, "black mussel turns white when burning it for lime. Inf. saw people burn tʔo to make cal for preparing hominy." \mr [] \cf ʔowow \ce to be white \xv 1. tsapoʔowow \xe 'it is bleached out with the sun.' \xv 2. huksinay hesinə heʔištuwaš kihusapoʔowow \xe 'I am going to put this shell in the fire so it will get bleached out.' \sd culture \sd ocean \sd colors \sd verbs \sd stative \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.337.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apšək \ps v \ge fill \ge put smth into \de to put smth into; to fill \xv 1. huksutiyək (Ϟor hukapšək) šaʔałtšum hešikmeš \xe 'I am going to put money into my leather purse' (both verbs mean the same). \xv 2. apšək kakišimeš \xe 'put it in that sack.' \xv 3. hukapšək hesikatu hešimeš \xe 'I am going to put the cat into this sack.' \xv 4. kapšək hesitimew̓ šiqštopo \xe 'I stuff the rabbit with stinkbeetles.' \xv 5. kapšəkwu hesitimew̓ šiqštopo \xe 'I stuff the rabbits with stinkbeetles.' \xv 6. piyapsekuswu heʔišimaʔam soʔonhokok \xe 'you shall stuff it with lizards.' \xv 7. kapšəkwaš \xe 'I filled a sack.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \sd locations \sd path \lg JPH \rf 89.337.4-339.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx apuʔuw \ps v \ge peck \de to peck \mr [] \cf ʔuw \ce to eat; to bite \xv 1. lakʰan ʔisqisə payikʔulahuki ʔan tsapuʔuw, mulašaqutšiəʔəʔətš ʔan nimiš ʔisapuʔuw sułqisə \xe 'the hen pecks quickly, she is not very smart but nevertheless grans her food.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.346.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apuliʔiš \ps v \ge grab smth suddenly \de to grab smth suddenly \mr [] \cf uliʔiš \ce to take; to catch; to grab \xv 1. no ʔan kapuliʔiš \xe 'I suddenly grab a thing.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.340.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apuqštahay \ps v \ge become red (immediately) \ge red (immediately), become \de to become red (immediately) \mr [] \cf uqštahay \ce to be red \xv 1. lakekš lokakšatiwə kałʔiyʔuw, yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə lokašiyʔuwutš kaštep ʔan tšapuqštahay \xe 'they only bite my wife, all her body where the fleas bite her is a little red.' \sd verbs \sd colors \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.339.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apuškeʔey \ps v \ge hooked, be \de to be hooked \mr [] \cf keʔey \ce to hook \cf šapuškeʔey \ce to hook smth onto; to seize smth with a hook \xv 1. tšapuškeʔey \xe 'it is already hooked.' \xv 2. kšapuškeypi sipon̓ \xe 'I hooked it into a palo.' \xv 3. kʰkeʔey \xe 'I hook it with a hook' (I have a kind of a hook and hook it around something or into something so as to pull it towards me, said of a boathook especially). \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd animals \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.340.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apuštʔey \ps v \ge touch quickly and pull back quickly \de to touch quickly and pull back quickly \mr [] \cf uštʔey \ce to touch \xv 1. no ʔan kapuštʔey \xe 'I touch a thing quick with my hand.' \xv 2. kuštʔey \xe 'I touch a thing holding my hand on it and not jerking it away in a hurry.' \sd verbs \sd heat \sd body \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.340.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputi- \ps vpre \ge by/with the current \ge current, by/with \ge INSTR.current \de by/with the current \ee This prefix indicates that the root is accomplished involving or by means of currents of water. Glossed as INSTR.current. \cf ʔalaputinałnaʔał \ce animal that moves in the ocean \cf ʔanaputiilikʔe \ce animal that is motionless in the current \cf ʔanaputiteqpey \ce shellfish which cling to rocks \cf aputiʔišmotš \ce to run together in a narrow (as is said of water) \cf aputikaʔaš \ce to be flooded with the ocean current \cf aputikinomnomoy \ce to go around (said of water) \cf aputimaxnaʔał \ce to go (?slowly) with the current \cf aputinaʔał \ce to have current; ?to go with the current \cf aputinikʔoy \ce to make undertow \cf aputinikʔoyi \ce to make undertow \cf aputiqipš \ce to be filled by means of water \cf aputiseqe \ce to be removed by water \cf aputišošoy \ce to be made black with the current \cf aputitšʔə \ce to have a strong/swift current \cf aputixiłwaya \ce to float with the current \cf aputiyam \ce to run downhill (said of water) \cf aputiyitʔexš \ce to flow broadly \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd water \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg JPH \rf 90.70.2; 94.342.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aputiʔišmotš \a ʔaputiʔišmotš \va (aputiʔišmotš) \ps v \ge run together in a narrow (as is said of water) \de to run together in a narrow (as is said of water) \mr [] \cf ʔišmotš \ce to gather; to unite \xv 1. tšaputiʔišmotš kilotanimaha ʔan tšaputiʔitʔexš \xe 'the water runs all together further down the stream.' \xv 2. tšitʔexš lokoʔo \xe 'the water is spread as in a shallow river.' \xv 3. tšaputiʔišmotš \xe 'the water all flows together [in a] narrow.' \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd motion \sd water \sd nature \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.341.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputikaʔaš \ps v \ge flooded with the ocean current, be \de to be flooded with the ocean current \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaputikaʔaš \pde to be flooded with the ocean current.NZ \cf kaʔaš \ce to be a pool; to be pooled up \xv 1. tšaputikaʔaš (Ϟor ʔalaputikaʔaš) \xe 'it is flooded by/with the current.' \xv 2. lokaʔalaputikaʔaš \xe 'a place where water runs in a stream and pools up.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd stative \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.342.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aputikinomnomoy \ps v \ge go around (said of water) \de to go around (said of water) \ee Harrington notes that his consultant knew that an eddy in a river was called 'remolino' in Spanish. In Ventureño, ͽʔontoqots 'whirlwind' cannot be said of an eddy in the water. The consultant had never heard this word and thought that ͽtsaputikinomnomoy is the word [for 'eddy']. \mr [] \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \xv 1. kʰkinomnomoy \xe 'I stand and turn myself round and round as on a pivot.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd water \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.342.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputimaxnaʔał \ps v \ge go (?slowly) with the current \de to go (?slowly) with the current \ee Harrington notes that the consultant understood this word partly as 'goes with current' \mr [] \cf maxnaʔał \ce to drag (oneself) along (as is said of the movement of a snake or worm); to be stretched out \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \sd ocean \sd water \sd nature \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.342.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputinaʔał \ps v \ge have current \ge ?go with current \de to have current; ?to go with the current \mr [] \cf ʔalaputinałnaʔał \ce animal that moves in the ocean \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. tsaputinaʔał \xe 'it has current.' \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd water \sd motion \sd nature \lg TJPH \lg JPH \rf 89.343.1; 90.120.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputinikʔoy \ps v \ge make undertow \ge undertow, make \de to make undertow \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.70.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputinikʔoyi \ps v \ge make undertow \ge undertow, make \de to make undertow \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \xv 1. neesaputinikʔoyi \xe 'it makes undertow.' \xv 2. kanawa saputinikʔoyi lokaʔikmen̓ \xe 'when the wave draws out.' \sd ocean \sd verbs \sd water \sd manner \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.343.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputiqipš \ps v \ge filled by means of water, be \de to be filled by means of water \ee This is used when a river fills with silt. \mr [] \cf iqip \ce to fill; to be full \xv 1. neʔekayusaputiqipš siqas \xe '[the pool in the river] is already filled with sand.' \sd verbs \sd water \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.342.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputiseqe \ps v \ge removed by water, be \de to be removed by water \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. lokaʔo ʔan tseqweł ʔisxʔomoho, tsnunałwuʔu siqas kasixəpxəʔəp, tsaputiseqe siqas \xe 'the water makes a hollow or hole, it carries away the sand and rocks, it removes the sand. tsʰeqe alone is not clear here.' \sd water \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.344.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aputišošoy \ps v \ge made black with the current, be \ge black with the current, be made \de to be made black with the current \ee This is said of black sand being deposited by the current. \mr [] \cf šošoy \ce to be black; to be dark \xv 1. losiqas ʔan tšaputišošoy saʔałwakʔay \xe 'the sand is made black on its surface (by the current).' \sd verbs \sd colors \sd water \sd ocean \sd descriptions \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.344.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputitsʔə \cf aputitšʔə \ce to have a strong/swift current \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aputitšʔə \a aputitsʔə \va (aputitsʔə) \ps v \ge have strong current \ge current, have strong \de to have a strong/swift current \ee Harrington gives a separate entry ͽaputitsʔə, but by all accounts this seems to be a variation of the entry here. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałʔaputitšʔə \pde to have a strong/swift current.NZ \xv 1. sałmušaputitšʔə \xe 'water where the current is not swift.' \xv 2. kaqiwəwə kałtə loʔkaʔałʔaputitšʔə \xe 'I swim against the strong current.' \xv 3. kumeł ʔisaputitsʔə heʔišišliyək mitšumaš kawima \xe 'there is a strong or bad current between Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd water \sd descriptions \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.344.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aputixiłwaya \ps v \ge float with the current \de to float with the current \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \cf xiłwaya \ce to float \xv 1. tsaputixiłwaya \xe 'it goes floating along with a current' (in the sea or in a river). \xv 2. tsxiłxiłwaya \xe 'it goes floating.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd ocean \sd manner \sd motion \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.343.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aputiyam \ps v \ge run downhill (said of water) \de to run downhill (said of water) \mr [] \ee This does not mean 'waterfall' \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. tsaputiyam \xe 'it runs downhill' (said of water). \sd verbs \sd water \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.341.3 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx aputiyitʔexš \ps v \ge flow broadly \de to flow broadly \ee This is said of a river with a shallow bottom that covers a wide area. \mr [] \cf itʔexš \ce to be spread out; to be broad \xv 1. tšaputiʔišmotš kilotanimaha ʔan tšaputiyitʔexš \xe 'the water runs all together and further down the stream it runs calmer' (i.e., is spread out). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd water \sd manner \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.341.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx apʰək \ps v \ge stop crying \de to stop crying \ee It seems this word cannot be used as a command. \cf sapʰək \ce to stop smn's crying \xv 1. no ʔan hukapʰək \xe 'I am going to stop crying' (usually said of children). \xv 2. huksapʰək losiqunup \xe 'I am going over to that child to make him stop crying.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.350.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx apʔaʔap \a apʔaʔapʰ \ps n \ge house.REDUP \ge living place.REDUP \de house.REDUP; living place.REDUP \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \sd reduplications \dt 17/Dec/2011 \lx apʔətʔ \sc ?Eopsetta jordani \ps n \ge sole (fish species) \de sole (fish species) \sd fish \sd animals \sd nature \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.54.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aq- \hm 1 \a ax- \a eq-1 \a ox- \va (ax-1, eq-1, ?ex-1, ox-) \ps vpre \ge with the mouth \ge mouth, with the \ge INSTR.mouth \de with the mouth \ee Glossed as INSTR.mouth. \et *aq- \ec Compare BOI aq- ‘with the mouth,’ CRZ aq- ‘with the mouth,’ INZ aq- ‘with the mouth,’ PUY aq- ‘with the mouth,’ OBI aq- ⁓ q- ‘with the mouth’ (Klar 1977: 60-61) \cf ʔałʔałtšaxšiłtš \ce fisherman (professionally employed) \cf ʔalaqkʔapš \ce heron \cf ʔalaxtəməmə \ce bull-roarer \cf ʔaqkəyəmi \ce to straighten (arrow) in fire \cf ʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ce arrow straightener \cf ʔaqləw \ce throat/neck \cf ʔaqləwənəʔəš \ce gullet; Adam's apple \cf ʔaqkʔapəʔəš \ce smth long and thin that grasps items; tweezers; tongs; pliers; chopsticks \cf ʔaqmilaʔaš \ce drinking cup \cf ʔaqyoyonəʔəš \ce Adam's apple \cf ʔaqšiwiłmu \ce dining place; place (table or floor) where meals are regularly eaten \cf ʔaxkatəš \ce leftovers (smn else’s) \cf ʔaxsił \ce bite \cf ʔaxšilaʔaš \ce fangs \cf aqkəkš \ce to eat only a single kind of food, straight and unmixed with other things; to eat only one kind of food at a meal \cf aqkum \ce to be full of food; to eat to satisfaction \cf aqkʔap \ce to pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \cf aqmaxšuy \ce to give a cry at; to call out at \cf aqmaxwuhu \ce to pull a string out of one's mouth between the teeth \cf aqmiʔił \ce to fetch water \cf aqmił \ce to drink \cf aqputs \ce to suck out (as a bee draws nectar from a flower) \cf aqskʔəsə \ce to chew \cf aqskʔəy \ce to grind (teeth); to creak (as is said of trees bending in the wind) \cf aqsumu \ce to test smth; to try smth; to taste smth; to prove \cf aqwilili \ce to sing (said of a certain genre) \cf axakš \ce to give (generally said of food) \cf axiwon \ce to grunt \cf axkat \ce leftovers; swill \cf axkik \ce to gnaw \cf axlala \ce to be in the mouth of \cf axlalanitš \ce to have smth in one’s mouth; to be with smth in one’s mouth \cf axlele \ce to squeak \cf axiqšihitš \ce to be noon; ?to be the south wind blowing \cf axnapay \ce to expel from the mouth; to vomit out \cf axsił \ce to bite \cf axsis \ce to eat dry powder \cf axtapa \ce to eat raw \cf axtatʔa \ce to bite on (without biting into) \cf axtəməmə \ce to buzz \cf axtitš \ce to diet; to eat certain things and not others \cf axtʔaʔatš \ce to make a din \cf axtšʔeq \ce to slice with one's teeth \cf axyik \ce to feed \cf axʔəhəʔəʔən \ce to glut; to consume inordinately \cf eqtete \ce to taste \cf ex-1 \ce having to do with teeth \cf exlele \ce to cry out \cf oxkʰonono \ce to grunt \cf oxnoqš \ce to cut with one’s teeth; to break with one’s teeth \cf saqkʔap \ce to cause to be pinched \cf saqwuhu \ce to give a war cry by slapping hand repeatedly over the mouth \cf saxlala \ce to hold in the mouth \cf saxsił \ce to cause to bite; to catch \cf saxtəməmənəʔəš \ce bullroarer; buzzer \cf suyaqmił \ce to thirst \cf suyaqmilutš \ce to be thirsty \cf šaqtitap \ce hot beverage (coffee, tea, etc.) \cf šaqutašəwš \ce to ask (?speak up) \cf šaxšiʔiłtš \ce to fish (from anywhere) \cf šaxšilaʔaš \ce fishhook \cf tatʔaqləw \ce to grab by the throat \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd body \lg TJPH \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx aq- \a ax-2 \a eq-2 \a ex-2 \va (ax-2, eq-2, ex-2) \hm 2 \ps vpre \ge FRM \ge formative verbal prefix \de formative verbal prefix \ee The precise meeting of this prefix is difficult to determine. It forms a new word with meaning similar to but different from the root. Glossed as FRM. \cf ʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \ce thankful one \cf ʔanaqtskutanpinpin \ce killdeer; small beach birds \cf ʔanaqtskutipoxpox \ce mole \cf ʔaqnəpmu \ce where the old women get together and make coras \cf ʔaqtšummu \ce place (house) of a loved one \cf ʔaxlupep \ce stepchild \cf ʔuxpuyaʔaš \ce blowhole; instrument for sprinkling floor \cf alaqkuʔum \ce to be grateful towards smn \cf aqnəʔəp \ce to make/weave a cora \cf aqpalamaš \ce to make less of others; to make more of oneself with the purpose of making less of others; to excel at gaming \cf aqpalamay \ce to think oneself better than others \cf aqpaluniyəw \ce to search with one's feet \cf aqpan \ce to lend \cf aqtšum \ce to like; to take a liking to \cf aqtšwawatš \ce to be difficult to do \cf aqułkuw \ce to wake up early; to get up early \cf aquškuy \ce to point at \cf aqwəy \ce to feather (arrows) \cf aqwiʔiʔin \ce to be the very last \cf aqwin \ce to be the only; to be only; to be the last \cf axmay \ce to trespass against \cf axməkə \ce to be deep \cf axmuš \ce to praise \cf axwiʔił \ce to come only so far \cf axwilutš \ce to have reached so far \cf axyam \ce to descend quickly \cf eleqpeyus \ce to taste like \cf eqseqenli \ce to direct smth to smwh \cf exneqenpi \ce to attend to one’s business; to respect; to have devotion to \cf expen \ce to sing (to) \cf expetš \ce to sing (for dancers) \cf naqiwəwə \ce to carry while swimming \cf naxutinaʔał \ce to do/go rowdily \cf naxwiʔił \ce to suffice only so much \cf saquwałmaypi \ce to shade smn \cf saxməkə \ce to make deep \cf saxsaxmasəx \ce to do three at a time \cf saxsaxpakeʔet \ce to do one by one \cf saxsaxtu \ce to do two at a time \cf suxpuy \ce to add water \cf unaqułkuw \ce to go out at dawn \cf uqpuy \ce to slop water onto \cf uxpuy \ce to blow water; to spout \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx aqapiʔiš \ps v \ge buy \de to buy \ee Harrington notes that his speaker heard this word but never used it personally. \sy ispuwe \sd verbs \sd common \sd economics \lg JPH \rf 89.16.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx aqaqmiʔił \ps v \ge drink.REDUP \de to drink.REDUP \cf aqmił \ce to drink \sd reduplications \dt 18/May/2011 \lx aqaqskʔəy \ps v \ge grind (teeth).REDUP \ge creak.REDUP \de to grind (teeth).REDUP; to creak.REDUP \cf aqskʔəy \ce to grind (teeth); to creak (as is said of trees bending in the wind) \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqaspił \ps v \ge wear bangs \ge bangs, wear \de to wear bangs \ee Harrington notes that his consultant knew of a people that came from Tejon called ͽʔiyʔalaqaspił, or, 'wearers of bangs.' This does not refer to wearing/having a toupee. despite use of the word tupé in translation. \xv 1. no ʔan kaqaspił (Ϟor no ʔan kʔalaqaspił) \xe 'I wear bangs.' \xv 2. sikaqaspił \xe 'my hairpiece' (in Muwu dialect). \xv 3. konoqšit kihukaqaspił ! \xe 'cut me a bangs!' \sd body \sd people \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd dialects \lg JPH \rf 89.16.2-3 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx aqi- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.outwards \de of movement outwards or away from \cf ʔalaqiwohotš \ce land snail \cf ʔalaxtaqimayə \ce prairie dog \cf aqitsʔətsʔə \ce to sharpen a point on \cf aqipkʔes \ce to open outwards (as is said of hatching eggs) \cf aqisə \ce to powder; to grind finely \cf aqitsʔətsʔə \ce to sharpen a point on \cf aqtaqimayə \ce to be dusk; ?to go out at dusk \cf axtaqimayə \ce to set out in the evening \sd manner \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx aqikʔik \ps v \ge bothersome, be \de to be bothersome \ee This is said of something that bothers the nose. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqikʔik \pde to be bothersome.NZ \xv 1. mukpošʰotš hałkʔalaqikʔik kilatšə sikʔetsʰe \xe 'who knows what disturbs my nostrils that makes me sneeze.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.171.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqilisisi \ps v \ge disturb \ge bother \de to disturb; to bother \mr [] \sy saqikʔik \cf naqilisisi \ce to hinder; to inconvenience \xv 1. musʔił tsaqilisisi \xe 'nothing bothers him.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.17.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqimowon \ps v \ge crazy/mad, be \ge mad/crazy, be \de to be crazy/mad \xv 1. tsaqimowón \xe 'he is crazy' ; 'he is mad.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd common \sd emotions \sd body \sd health \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.17.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqipkʔes \ps v \ge open outwards (as is said of hatching eggs) \de to open outwards (as is said of hatching eggs) \mr [] \cf pkʔes \ce to burst open; to open from the inside out \xv 1. kikasiyaqipkʔes \xe 'the eggs hatch out.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd manner \sd path \sd birds \sd reptiles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.18.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqisə \ps v \ge powder \ge grind finely \de to powder; to grind finely \mr [] \cf aqišətš \ce to be finely ground (such as powder is) \xv 1. hukaqisə \xe 'I pounded it up to a fine powder.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaqisə \xe 'I grind it finely.' \xv 3. neʔešaqišətš \xe 'it is already pounded up.' \xv 4. hukitete \xe 'I am going to grind it' (but just break it apart, not grind it into a powder). \sd verbs \sd food \sd tools \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.18.2-4 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx aqismo \ps v \ge assist financially \de to assist financially \ee Harrington notes that this is an older word for this meaning. The word ͽnismo means the "same thing" but was a newer word at the time Harrington recorded both words. \sy nismo \cf ʔaqišmonəš \ce done business \xv 1. kaqismonił \xe 'I help you with money.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd economics \sd archaisms \lg JPH \rf 89.20.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqišətš \ps v \ge ground, be finely \ge finely ground, be \de to be finely ground (such as powder is) \mr [] \cf aqisə \ce to powder; to grind finely \xv 1. tšaqišətš \xe 'this is ground fine.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.19.2-20.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqitetetš \ps v \ge bruise oneself \ge become bruised \ge bruised, to become \de to bruise oneself; to become bruised \mr [] \cf itete \ce to pound; to hammer \xv 1. kaqitetetš hesikpu \xe 'I bruise myself on the hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.20.3; 92.21.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqitsuʔum \cf aqitsʰuʔum \ce to be a sign; to be a signal; to make a sign; to make a signal; to mark smth \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqitsʰuʔum \a aqitsuʔum \va (aqitsuʔum) \ps v \ge sign, be a \ge signal, be a \ge make a sign \ge sign, make a \ge make a signal \ge signal, make a \ge mark smth \de to be a sign; to be a signal; to make a sign; to make a signal; to mark smth \ee This is said of a sign that one might put in a road to give point the way for somebody else. It is not used of hand signals. Note both transitive and intransitive interpretations. \cf ʔaqitsʰuʔum \ce signal; sign; mark \xv 1. kasaqitsuʔum lokakikoko \xe 'the sign of the cross.' \xv 2. kapaqitsuʔum \xe 'it is your signal.' \xv 3. tsaqitsuʔum \xe 'it is a sign.' \xv 4. ksinay sikaqitsuʔum loʔišliyək kapon̓ loʔisaluʔułyiʔin \xe 'I make a mark lengthwise along the middle of the board (that I am going to make into a keel).' \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.21.2-22.3; Tomol75 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqitsʔətsʔə \ps v \ge sharpen a point on \de to sharpen a point on \mr [] \cf tsʔə \ce to be spicy; to be hot (as is said of food); to burn (when skin contacts smth hot) \cf tsʔətsʔə \ce to be sharp \xv 1. kaqitsʔətsʔə \xe 'I put a sharp point on a pencil or anything.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \sd tools \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.21.1 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx aqiwəwə \a aqiwəwən \va (aqiwəwən-) \ps v \ge swim \de to swim \ee As a stem, this verb is necessary that one specify how one is swimming (on one's back, treading water, etc.). Otherwise the verb ͽaqiwəwənli is used. \mr [] \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI aqʼiwiwin (Beeler 1978: 173) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqiwəwə \pde swim.NZ \pdl v \pdv aqiwəwənli \pde to swim.DIR \pdv aqiwəwənpiʔi \pde to swim.APL.LOC \pdv aqiwəwəntiʔiy \pde to swim.CIS \cf ʔałʔalaqiwəwə \ce swimmer \cf naqiwəwə \ce to carry while swimming \cf saqiwəwə \ce to make swim \xv 1. kaqiwəwə \xe 'I swim' ; 'I am a swimmer.' \xv 2. kaxaliyexene sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I am swimming on my back.' \xv 3. kaliyexe sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I swim on my back' (lit., 'I go swimming mouth up.') \xv 4. kaxinowo sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I am swimming standing.' \xv 5. tsaqiwotoqloʔop ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'he swims face-down.' \xv 6. tsaqinowonli ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'he swims standing' (treading water). \xv 7. kaqinowo sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I am swimming standing.' \xv 8. hukaqiwəwə lošaʔałyəwəš \xe 'I am going to swim in this pool in the river.' \xv 9. tsaqiwəwənli \xe 'he is going swimming.' \xv 10. tsaqiwəwəntiʔiy \xe 'he comes swimming.' \xv 11. husaqiwəwənpiʔi hesimuwu = hesaqiwəwə hesimuwu \xe 'I am going to swim in the ocean.' \xv 12. ʔałʔalaqiwəwə \xe 'swimmer.' \xv 13. ʔałqapatš ʔi ʔalaqiwəwə \xe 'swimming birds.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd water \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.23-26; 92.24.1-25.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqiwohotš \ps v \ge dizzy, be \de to be dizzy \mr [] \cf ʔalaqiwohotš \ce land snail \xv 1. kaqiwohotš \xe 'I am dizzy.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \sd health \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.216.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqkəkš \a ʔaqʰkəkš \ph ˀɑqʰkǝkʃ \ps v \ge eat only a single kind of food, straight and unmixed with other things \ge eat only one kind of food at a meal \de to eat only a single kind of food, straight and unmixed with other things; to eat only one kind of food at a meal \mr [] \cf kəkš \ce to be one’s own; to be alone \xv 1. kaqʰkəkš \xe 'I eat a thing straight or unmixed with other things' ; 'I eat only a single kind of food at a meal.' \xv 2. kaqkəkš sipilohoł \xe 'I eat only beans pure without anything to go with them' (said of soldiers that had served at San Francisco and were fed only beans). \xv 3. kapikəkš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'you are going alone on this road.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.30.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx aqkum \ph ɑqʰkʊm \a aqʰkum \a axkum \va (aqʰkum, axkum) \ps v \ge full of food, be \ge eat to satisfaction \de to be full of food; to eat to satisfaction \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \xv 1. neʔe kaqʰkum \xe 'I am full' (said when satisfied after eating). \xv 2. ʔalaqʰkum \xe 'he is full of food.' \xv 3. tsaqʰkum \xe 'it is full' (said of stomach). \xv 4. kanawa siyaqkum lokaʔałtołmow kinelašiyaqšpəyə \xe 'when they get full of rotten meat they at last get dizzy.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.31; 90.24.1; 92.30.2-32.1; WeirB13 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqkʔap \ph ɑqʰkˀɑp \ps v \ge pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \de to pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \ee Refers to the type of grasping done with two opposing forces. Not generally used of the type of grasping a hand does. \mr [] \cf ʔaqkʔapəʔəš \ce smth long and thin that grasps items; tweezers; tongs; pliers; chopsticks \cf saqkʔap \ce to cause to be pinched \xv 1. no ʔan kaqʰkʔap \xe 'I seize a thing as between two tongs.' \xv 2. kaqkʔap šikʔitškʔə \xe 'I have my thong tight in the crack between my buttocks.' \xv 3. kaqkʔap sikpantalon \xe 'I wear my trousers pull up tight by my suspenders.' \xv 4. tsaqʰkʔapit \xe 'I got my finger pinched' (between a table and a desk). \sd verbs \sd body \sd tools \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.32-33; 90.63.1; 92.32.2-33.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqləw \ps n \ge swallow \ge ingest \de to swallow; to ingest \mr [<ʔaqləw (throat) + -V (ϡvz.iϡ)>] \ee The difference between ͽaqləw and ͽaqləwə is unclear. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaqʼliwin (Beeler 1978: 173) \sy aqləwə \cf ʔałtipʔaqləw \ce large-necked one \cf ʔaqləw \ce throat/neck \cf ʔaqləwənəʔəš \ce gullet; Adam's apple \cf tatʔaqləw \ce to grab by the throat \xv 1. tsaqləw saʔaqtəwəw \xe 'he is swallowing wind.' \sd anatomy \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.34-36.3, 254.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqləwə \a aqʰləʔwə̀ \ps v \ge swallow \ge ingest \de to swallow; to ingest \mr [] \ee The difference between ‘aqləw’ and ‘aqləwə’ is unclear. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼaqʼliwin (Beeler 1978: 173) \sy aqləw \cf ʔaqləw \ce throat/neck \cf ʔaqləwənəʔəš \ce gullet; Adam's apple \xv 1. hukaqlə́wə̀ sipíldora \xe 'I am going to swallow a pill.' \xv 2. hukaqləwə hesukilistu \xe 'I assist communion' (lit., 'I swallow Jesus Christ'). \xv 3. lasʰakałhaʔanli kikašulišwu lokatšotšonəʔəš kʔuwe musaqləwunwu \xe 'he merely seizes them in his mouth, he does not swallow them.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.36.4-37.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqmaxšuy \ps v \ge give a cry at \ge call out at \de to give a cry at; to call out at \mr [] \xv 1. tšaqmaxšuy \xe 'he cries something at.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.37.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqmaxwuhu \ps v \ge pull string out of one's mouth between teeth \de to pull a string out of one's mouth between the teeth \mr [] \xv 1. kaqmaxwuhu \xe 'I pull a string out of [?my] mouth between my teeth.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.37.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqmayətš \ps v \ge sup \ge eat dinner \de to sup; to eat dinner \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. puʔpú kanawa smayú ʔan šnunalí saʔantipšnekèy kiʔalaxuwəł ʔan tšnunali soʔoxwo ka sipistuk kašišaqšmayə̀tš \xe 'and Roadrunner, when it was evening, took home the lizards and Coyote took home his gophers and squirrels and they supped on them.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.1087.2/Roadrunner16-18 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqmiʔił \ps v \ge fetch water \de to fetch water \ee This should mean 'to go over there and drink,' but instead it has this idiomatic meaning. \mr [] \cf aqmił \ce to drink \cf unaqmił \ce to get water early (in the morning) \xv 1. hukaqmiʔił \xe 'I am going to fetch water.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.38 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqmił \rd aqaqmiʔił \a aqmìł \a aqmil \a áqmil \a aqʰmil \a aqʰmił \ps v \ge drink \de to drink \et *aq-mihi-l-ha \ec Compare BOI ʼaqmil ‘to drink,’ CRZ ʼaqmil ‘to drink; to be thirsty’ and mihi ‘water,’ INZ ʼaqmil ‘to drink,’ OBI ʼaqmiłha ‘to be thirsty’ (Klar 1977: 22) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv aqmiliʔiy \pde to drink.REP \cf ʔaqmilaʔaš \ce drinking cup \cf aqmiʔił \ce to fetch water \cf aqmilašpi \ce to drink with/at \cf saqmił \ce to make drink; to give drink \cf suyaqmił \ce to thirst \cf suyaqmilutš \ce to be thirsty \cf unaqmił \ce to get water early (in the morning) \xv 1. kika mukaqmiliʔiy \xe 'I didn't drink any more medicine.' \xv 2. kaʔaškom̓ šiʔišaw tsuwʔuwliloʔo kahe tsaqaqmiʔił soʔoxšoləš latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw \xe 'for ten days she kept feasting and drinking urine every day.' \xv 3. neʔekaqmiłwaš \xe 'I already drank some water.' \xv 4. masəx siwoteya sikalaqmił \xe 'I drank three bottlesful.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd water \lg JPH \rf 89.41; Coyo84 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqmilašpi \ps v \ge drink with/at \de to drink with/at \mr [] \cf aqmił \ce to drink \xv 1. heʔištuwaʔaš ʔan tsamaqmilašpì soʔo \xe 'this shell is used to drink water.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd water \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 81.238.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqnəʔəp \ps v \ge make/weave a cora \ge weave/make a cora \de to make/weave a cora \ee This verb indicates that mexmey̓, Indian rush, is being used. \mr [] \cf ʔaqnəpmu \ce where the old women get together and make coras \xv 1. hukaqnə́ʔəp siqušiwaš \xe 'I am going to make by coiled basketry a cora.' \xv 2. hukaqnəʔəp siquyuwaš \xe 'I am going to make a cora.' \sd culture \sd basketry \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.40.3-41.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqni \a aqni- \a aqʰni- \va (aqni-) \ps prepnd \ge resemble \de to resemble \ee Applegate (1970:369) refers to this prefix in INZ as a ‘verbal force prefix’ and defines this prefix as ‘to resemble N.’ In INZ, with verb stems, Applegate says this refers to mental activity, such as thinking or perception. \cf ʔaqnipaʔaš \ce taste \cf ʔaqniyəwus \ce abundance \cf aqniʔił \ce to be visible; to be clear; to remain \cf aqniʔip \ce to have the taste of \cf aqnipʔow \ce to appear sagging; to appear bent \cf aqnisisi \ce to stink; to smell bad; to have a bad smell \cf aqniskʔaya \ce to spoil; to sour (as with food gone bad); to be sour; to be tart; to be bitter; to be disagreeable \cf aqnišow \ce to smell like tobacco \cf aqnitoxlołkʔoy \ce to listen (as with ear turned to catch the sound); to reflect on (as in thinking about) \cf aqnitpen \ce to remember smn/smth \cf aqnitʔołkoy \ce to be situated with the head cocked (listening); to listen \cf aqnitšum \ce to have a pleasant smell/taste; to be good or pleasing \cf aqnitšʰoʔo \ce to taste bitter \cf aqniwaxanəš \ce to resemble feces \cf aqniwił \ce to exchange ideas \cf aqnixəp \ce to resemble stone \cf aqnixułtsʔəyə \ce to be sick in the stomach \cf aqniyəwus \ce to will; to desire \cf axneqpey \ce to resemble (in smell) \cf axnipaxat \ce to resemble a whale \cf axnipkʔəš \ce to be sour \cf axnitipo \ce to taste like salt; to taste salty \cf axtšaqnitšum \ce to resemble smth delicious \cf suwaqniʔił \ce to be clearly audible \xv 1. tsaqnixəp \xe 'it resembles a rock' ; 'it has the figure of a rock.' \xv 2. tsaqnitukʔem̓, kʔuwe mutukʔem̓ \xe 'it seems to be a lion, but it is not.' \xv 3. lokaštəqšəʔəš kaqʰaq ʔan tšaqništaqapqap šiqšo sineʔesiyapiyamutš \xe 'the color of the antelope resemples that of fallen sycamore leaves.' \xv 4. kanawa šaqša kilistu loʔisantakulus, tšaqša tsaqnilyos hamu tsaqnaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'when Christ died on the cross did He die as a man or a god?' \xv 5. mukpošʰotš tsaqnitšʰe \xe 'I do not know, it looks like a bone that the dog has in its mouth.' \sd vprepounds \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.42.3-44.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqni- \cf aqni \ce to resemble \sd variations \dt 22/Dec/2011 \lx aqniʔił \a aqʰniʔìł \ps v \ge visible, be \ge clear, be \ge remain \de to be visible; to be clear; to remain \mr [] \ee The word ͽtsaqniʔił is used only of daylight – confusion arises because of extended uses of Spanish 'claro,' 'bright; clear; light.' \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf suwaqniʔił \ce to be clearly audible \xv 1. tsaqniʔil \xe 'it is clear/daylight; it is visible.' \xv 2. tsaqniʔił lokašʔəwənəš \xe 'the scar of the cut remains.' \xv 3. tsaqniʔił hekakʔəwənəš \xe 'I have my scar here' (on my hand). \sd senses \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqniʔip \ps v \ge taste of, have the \ge have the taste of \de to have the taste of \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqnipʰpi \pde to have the taste of.APL.NZ \cf ʔaqnipaʔaš \ce taste \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf aqsumu \ce to test smth; to try smth; to taste smth; to prove \cf susʔamha \ce to sense (sight, hearing, taste, temperature) \xv 1. nełtsaqniʔip ? \xe 'how does it taste?' / 'what taste does it have?' \xv 2. nełtsaqniʔip hesuʔuwmu ? \xe 'how does this food taste?' \xv 3. wašətš ʔisaqnipaʔaš \xe 'it has a good taste.' \xv 4. wašətš šalaqnipʰpi \xe 'it has a good taste.' \xv 5. musʔił ʔalaqnipʰpi \xe 'it has no taste.' \xv 6. tsaqniʔip siyop \xe 'it has a tarry taste.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.46.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqnipʔow \ps v \ge appear sagging \ge sagging, appear \ge appear bent \ge bent, appear \de to appear sagging; to appear bent \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. kaqnipʔow \xe 'It seems that I am warped.' \xv 2. huknipʔow sipon̓ \xe 'I am going to bend a stick.' \xv 3. kpʔow \xe 'I have body bent forward like stoopshouldered.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd senses \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.49.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqnisisi \ps v \ge stink \ge smell bad \ge have a bad smell \de to stink; to smell bad; to have a bad smell \ee Harrington notes: ͽq not ͽx. \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \xv 1. tsaqnisisi \xe 'it has a bad smell' ; 'it stinks.' \sd senses \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.50.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqniskʔaya \a aqniškʔaya \a axniskʔaya \va (aqniškʔaya; axniskʔaya) \ps v \ge spoil \ge sour (as with food gone bad) \ge sour, be \ge tart, be \ge bitter, be \ge disagreeable, be \de to spoil; to sour (as with food gone bad); to be sour; to be tart; to be bitter; to be disagreeable \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \xv 1. neʔesaqniskʔaya lokaletši \xe 'the milk has already spoiled.' \xv 2. tsaqniskʔaya lokaʔatoli \xe 'the mush has soured.' \xv 4. walin lasamʔuw lokapoš kəwə lawaliʔiʔin hušaqniškʔaya \xe 'they eat pine nuts soon because they spoil quickly.' \xv 5. tšaqniškʔaya hesikʰqəp \xe 'my stomach is sour.' \xv 6. tšaxniskʔaya hesipiloxoł \xe 'these beans are already bad' (smell and are sour). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd health \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.50.2-4, 391.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqniškʔaya \cf aqniskʔaya \ce to spoil; to sour (as with food gone bad); to be sour; to be tart; to be bitter; to be disagreeable \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqnišow \ps v \ge smell like tobacco \ge tobacco, smell like \de to smell like tobacco \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf šow2 \ce pespibata; tobacco \xv 1. tšaqnišow \xe 'it smells like tobacco.' \sd senses \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.51.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqnitoqlołkoy \cf aqnitoxlołkʔoy \ce to listen (as with ear turned to catch the sound); to reflect on (as in thinking about) \sd variations \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqnitoxlołkʔoy \ph ɑqʰnɪtɔxlɔɬk̕ɔj \a aqʰnitoxlołkʔoy \a aqʰnitoqʰlołkòy \va (aqnitoqlołkoy) \ps v \ge listen (as with ear turned to catch the sound) \ge reflect on (as in thinking about) \de to listen (as with ear turned to catch the sound); to reflect on (as in thinking about) \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf aqnitʔołkoy \ce to be situated with the head cocked (listening); to listen \xv 1. huki palaqnitoxlołkʔoy \xe 'what are you listening to?' \xv 2. tsaqnitoxlołkʔoy \xe 'he is listening' (listening with ear turned to catch the sound). \sd verbs \sd language \sd senses \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.51.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqnitpen \ps v \ge remember smn/smth \de to remember smn/smth \ee It is unclear how this word differs from its root ͽ-itpen- in meaning. \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf itpen \ce to remember; to recall \xv 1. aqnitpen \xe 'remember him or it' (IMP). \xv 2. mukaqnitpen \xe 'I don't remember her.' \xv 3. neʔektamayił \xe 'I don't remember you.' \xv 4. mukʰqutitwałyəkił \xe 'I don't know you.' \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.51.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqnitʔołkoy \rd aqnitʔołkoyoy \a axnitʔołkoy \va (axnitʔołkoy) \ps vt \ge situated with head cocked (listening), be \ge listen \de to be situated with the head cocked (listening); to listen \mr [] \cf aqnitoxlołkʔoy \ce to listen (as with ear turned to catch the sound); to reflect on (as in thinking about) \cf aqni \ce to resemble \xv 1. tsaqnitʔołkoyit \xe 'he is listening to me.' \xv 2. lošaʔataxatš ʔan tsaqnitʔołkoy \xe 'this man is listening' (as when one listens in another room to see if he can hear what a person says). \xv 3. tštiyət lokaštete kisaxnitʔołkoy sałʔipʰpi lokašaʔay̓ \xe 'the mother came near and listened closely to what her daughter said.' \xv 4. aqnitʔołkoyoy ! kinupan pšuwašətš \xe 'think well! and then you will have the belief that you desire.' \sd stative \sd body \sd senses \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.51.2, 391.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqnitʔołkoyoy \ps v \ge situated with the head cocked (listening), be.REDUP \ge listen.REDUP \de to be situated with the head cocked (listening).REDUP; to listen.REDUP \cf aqnitʔołkoy \ce to be situated with the head cocked (listening); to listen \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqnitšum \ps v \ge smell/taste, have a pleasant \ge taste/smell, have a pleasant \ge have a pleasant smell/taste \ge good or pleasing, be \ge pleasing or good, be \de to have a pleasant smell/taste; to be good or pleasing \gn sabroso, estar \dn estar sabroso \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. lokasʔamə ʔan tšaqnitšum \xe 'the meat is fine tasting.' \xv 2. kanawa sexe lokalaqnitšum kikawa swalakumuʔus sitsʔohoy ʔispeʔey \xe 'when it sucks all the honey out of one it goes to another flower.' \xv 3. tšnaqnitšum ʔišʔuxšaʔaš heʔispeʔey \xe 'this flower smells sweet.' \xv 4. tšaqnitšum \xe 'it has a pleasant taste.' \xv 5. wašətš ʔi samuw tšaqnitšum \xe 'it is good food; it is very savory.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.28.2, 89.52.2-53 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqnitšʰoʔo \ps v \ge taste bitter \ge bitter, taste \de to taste bitter \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf šoʔo \ce to be bitter \xv 1. no ʔan kšoʔo \xe 'I am bitter.' \xv 2. tsaqnitšʰoʔo \xe 'it tastes like bitter.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd senses \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.52 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqniwaxanəš \ps v \ge resemble feces \ge feces, resemble \de to resemble feces \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf waxa \ce shit; excrement; feces \cf waxan \ce to shit; to defecate \xv 1. tšaqniwaxanəš \xe 'it resembles feces.' \xv 2. tšaqniwaxanəš išiuxšaʔaš \xe 'it tastes like feces.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.54.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqniwił \ps v \ge exchange ideas \de to exchange ideas \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \xv 1. lokasiyaqniwił \xe 'they are devising together what they are going to do — are going to exchange ideas together as at a meeting to see whose ideas are better.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 82.3.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqnixəp \ps v \ge resemble stone \ge stone, resemble \de to resemble stone \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf xəp \ce stone \xv 1. tsaqnixəp kʔuwe muxəp \xe 'it resembles stone, but is not stone.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg TJPH \rf 90.450.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqnixułtsʔəyə \a axnixułtsʔəyə \va (axnixułtsʔəyə) \ps v \ge sick in the stomach, be \de to be sick in the stomach \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf xułtsʔəyə \ce to be disgusted (by); to take a dislike to \xv 1. kaqnixułtsʔəyə \xe 'I am sick at my stomach.' \xv 2. tsaxnixułtsʔəyə \xe 'he is sick at his stomach.' \xv 2. kaqnixułtsʔəyə, ksuyapášpaš \xe 'I am seasick, I want to vomit' (but this word of sick feeling in the stomach can be said of eating fruit or anything here on dry land). \xv 4. no ʔan kxułtsʔəyə hesaʔalos \xe 'I have taken a dislike to this rice.' \xv 5. tsxułtsʔəyə \xe 'I am disgusted/repugnant.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd senses \sd body \sd health \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.120.3; 89.49.2-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqniyəwus \a aqʰniyəwus \ps v \ge will \ge desire \de to will; to desire \mr [] \cf ʔaqniyəwus \ce abundance \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf yəw2 \ce to be good luck to \xv 1. lokalamaqniyəwus \xe 'what they desire.' \xv 2. kilakasaqniyəwus kisyamtiʔiy \xe 'and descends again to the ground when he takes a notion to.' \xv 3. eqweł lokapalaqniyəwus \xe 'Thy will be done.' \xv 4. eqweł lokapalaqniyəwus kašnehet hemišup kaʔalałpay \xe 'Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.47.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqotiš \cf aqutišətš \ce to be intelligent with experience; to be cunning; to be lively \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqpalamaš \ps v \ge make less of others \ge make more of oneself with the purpose of making less of others \ge excel at gaming \de to make less of others; to make more of oneself with the purpose of making less of others; to excel at gaming \mr [] \cf aqpalamay \ce to think oneself better than others \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. neʔesyət lokalaqpalamaš \xe 'there comes the smartie.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaqpalamaš \xe 'I try to show off or belittle the others in my company.' \xv 3. no ʔan ktałtałwaxa kiskum šaʔatʔaxatš ʔan lasʰuyaqpalamayiyuw \xe 'I was working there and there arrived one who tried to act as it he was smarter or more than the rest of us.' \xv 4. tšiyaqpalamaš \xe 'they come from outside a town and do better than those who are there and make those who are there get behind' (this said of outsiders coming to town and excelling the natives in games or in racing, but never anything else).' \sd verbs \sd gaming \sd manners \sd insults \lg JPH \rf 89.55.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqpalamay \a aqpalanay \va (aqpalanay) \ps v \ge think oneself better than others \de to think oneself better than others \ee The imperfective form, aqpalamaš, seems to be the preferred form of this verb. \mr [] \cf aqpalamaš \ce to make less of others; to make more of oneself with the purpose of making less of others; to excel at gaming \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf suyaqpalamay \ce to try to (appear to) be smarter than \xv 1. tsʔip heʔišpoš lahukaqpalamaywu kʔuwe mukiyušʰošitšəši \xe 'he thought he was smarter than we were, but we did not say it.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.54.3-4; 93.51.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqpalanay \cf aqpalamay \ce to think oneself better than others \sd variations \dt 20/May/2011 \lx aqpaluniyəw \ps v \ge search with one's feet \de to search with one's feet \mr [] \cf uniyəʔəw \ce to search for \xv 1. kaqpaluniyəw \xe 'I hunt with my feet' (as for a stone in the mud). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.55.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqpan \ps vt \ge lend \de to lend \mr ?[] \xv 1. aqpanit pakeʔet sipesu ! \xe 'please give me a dollar!' \xv 2. kaqpanus \xe 'I lent it to him.' \xv 3. aqpanit ! \xe 'lend it to me!' \sd verbs \sd manners \lg JPH \rf 89.56.1-2 \dt 26/Jul/2018 \lx aqpešeš \ps v \ge ?separate, be \ge ?distinct, be \de ?to be separate; ?to be distinct \xv 1. masəx sikukuʔu muʔiyʔalaqpešeš \xe 'three separate persons' (in the God-head). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.56.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqputs \ps v \ge suck out (as a bee draws nectar from a flower) \de to suck out (as a bee draws nectar from a flower) \mr [] \xv 1. tsaqputs lokaspeyspeʔey \xe 'it sucks the flowers.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.56.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqsik \ps v \ge apprehend \ge tie \ge imprison \de to apprehend; to tie; to imprison \ee May be an augmented form of ͽaqšik ‘to take (a person) with one’s hands.’ The word ͽaqšik seems to indicate less aggressive action. \cf ʔaqsik \ce thong; strap \cf ʔaqšikšmu \ce place where things are tied on \cf aquntuk \ce to knot; to tie a knot \cf xatʔaqsik \ce to close by tying together \xv 1. tsamaqsik \xe 'they got him and took him to prison.' \xv 2. tsamaqsik heʔispu ka loʔisʔəł \xe 'they tied his hands and feet.' \xv 3. tšiyaqšikšaši \xe 'the tendrils tie themselves.' \xv 4. kiksinowo sipon̓ loʔištək ksaqkutikumelus kikaqsik kiksuquntinaʔał kikušmaxyət kiktəmhə \xe 'and I erect a stake at the tip (of the keel) just in the half-way point and I tie (the string) to it and I bring (the cord) and I pull it and I snap it down (on the wood).' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.60.3; Tomol80-81 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqskutałputš \cf aqškutałputš \ce to think; to worry \sd variations \dt 03/Aug/2018 \lx aqskʔatata \ps v \ge clap (with split-stick) \de to clap (with split-stick) \cf ʔaqskʔatata \ce split-stick \xv 1. hukeseqen(w)us lamitʔi kaypi kuhusaqʰskʔatata \xe 'I remove a little at the base of crack so that it will clap better.' \sd verbs \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.34.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqskʔəsə \ps v \ge chew \de to chew \mr [] \sd food \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.64.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqskʔəy \rd aqaqskʔəy \ps v \ge grind (teeth) \ge creak (as is said of trees bending in the wind) \de to grind (teeth); to creak (as is said of trees bending in the wind) \gn rechinar \dn rechinar \ee Note that using the unreduplicated form of this word means that the action happened only once. To use this verb to indicate an ongoing sound, the reduplicated form is used. \mr [] \cf askʔam̓am \ce to chew \xv 1. tsaqskʔəy heʔisʰa \xe 'he grinds his teeth.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksaqskʔəy hesiksa \xe 'I grind my teeth.' \xv 3. tsaqaqskʔəy lokapon̓ \xe 'it is creaking' (repeatedly). \xv 4. tsaqskʔəy \xe 'it creaks' (only once). \sd verbs \sd body \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 89.63.4-64.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqskʔutiwə \rd aqʔaqskʔutiwəʔə \ps n \ge friend \de friend \gn amigo \dn amigo \mr ?[] \sy ʔamiwu \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \xv 1. kʔaqskʔutiwə \xe 'my friend.' \sd common \sd people \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.64.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqsumu \ps v \ge taste smth \ge try smth \ge test smth \ge prove \de to test smth; to try smth; to taste smth; to prove \mr [] \sy eqtete \cf aqniʔip \ce to have the taste of \cf saqsumu \ce to learn; to cause to sample \cf susʔamha \ce to sense (sight, hearing, taste, temperature) \xv 1. hukaqsumu lokapeqweł kašʔapš \xe 'I am going to take a taste of the soup that you are making.' \xv 2. kaqsumu \xe 'I take a taste of a thing, try how the mush tastes or anything.' \xv 3. hukaqsumu hesaʔałmowho \xe 'I am going to taste this candy.' \xv 4. ʔapi hukaqsumu \xe 'I am going to taste' ; 'give me some so I can take a taste.' \xv 5. tsʰapitsʔə lokasʔeqenmu kinupan tsaqsumu niwašətš ʔan munašwašətš kišʰutapiniʔiy hesinə kikasitete \xe 'he heats the horseshoe and tries it on and if it does not yet fit well he heats it again and hammers it.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd common \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.65.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqsyukuku \ps v \ge whistle \de to whistle \xv 1. kaqsyukuku \xe 'I whistle.' \xv 2. tsaqsyukuku \xe 'he whistles.' \xv 3. xwan ʔan tšʰayšayuqšnəp kahesaʔaqsukuku \xe 'Juan is walking while he is whistling.' \xv 4. tsʰuwaqsyukuku \xe 'in order to whistle.' \sd verbs \sd onomatopoeia \sd language \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.61.3-62.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqš- \ps vpre \de -meaning uncertain- \cf ʔaqškʔutinay̓ \ce plaything; toy \cf aqskʔutiwə \ce friend \cf aqšikuyo \ce to order smn to do smth \cf aqšititap \ce to continue; to keep on; to go on \cf aqškutałputš \ce to think; to worry \cf aqškʔunapaš \ce to shore fish \cf aqškʔunimay \ce to kill (an animal) clandestinely \cf aqškʔuwaxa \ce to defecate (such as a fly leaves) \cf aqšmayətš \ce to sup; to eat dinner \cf oqšonowo \ce ?to tread \cf ?saqslakay \ce to put in between \cf šaqšiłtšaši \ce to be contained in; to contain oneself inside smth \cf šaqšinaʔał \ce to look after \cf šaqšinaʔli \ce to protect \cf šaqškutałputš \ce to consider; to think about; to be of an opinion \cf šaqškʔunapaʔaš \ce to fish on the shore; to surf-fish \cf šaqškʔunapaš \ce to surf-fish (regularly) \cf šaqškʔunapay \ce to be fished \cf šaqškʔunapayəʔəš \ce fishing tackle \cf šaqšmayətš \ce to feed supper \cf tsaqskʔuwwaxa \ce maggot \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \sd untranslated \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqša \a ʔaqša \a aqšá \a aqšà \a aqʰša \a axša \a aqʰšà \ph ɑqʰʃɑ \ph ɑχʃɑ \va (ʔaqša; axša) \ph [ɑqʰʃɑ] \ps v \ge die \de to die \et *VqSa (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI aqšan ‘to die,’ INZ aqšan ‘to die,’ OBI q/ksa ‘to die’ (Klar 1977: 81) \cf ʔaqšanəʔəš \ce disease; epidemic \cf apaqša \ce to be hot from the weather \cf aqšani \ce to finish; to come to an end; to end \cf iwałtšaqša \ce to be sad at heart; to be dead tired \cf maxutaqša \ce to die suddenly (unexpectedly) \cf naqša \ce to be injured by; to be affected by (with regard to health); to cause to die \cf nišaqša \ce to take and kill \cf šimilaqša \ce land where the dead go; underworld \cf utaqša \ce to die suddenly \cf wišaqša \ce to kill by striking \xv 1. tsʔamamə ʔi šaqšanùtš \xe 'a dead body' (lit. 'its body of it is dead') \xv 2. šaqša saʔawhay \xe 'the moon is eclipsed.' \xv 3. hušiyišmotš lokaʔenhešeš lokasiʔamamə, kihusiyitpeni kikamuhušiyaqšaniʔi \xe 'bodies and souls will unite and they will revive never to die again.' \xv 4. loʔkatšumtšumàš laʔkʰan ʔišiyuštəł sipaxàt šaʔalaqʰšà kʔùwe tsisuwakaʔàp \xe 'the Cruzeño, when they see a dead whale, they bring it ashore.' \sd common \sd lifecycle \sd verbs \sd health \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.43, 66-73, 286.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqšani \ps v \ge finish \ge come to an end \ge end \de to finish; to come to an end; to end \gn acabarse \dn acabarse \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \xv 1. tšaqšani, ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'the world has ended.' \xv 2. hušiyišmotš lokaʔenhešeš lokasiʔamamə, kihusiyitpeni kikamuhušiyaqšaniʔi \xe 'their bodies and souls will unite and they will revive never to die again.' \xv 3. neʔešišełhe šipakpakəwaš, neʔemusʔił, neʔešiyaqšani \xe 'the old ones are all gone, there are no more, they are all extinct.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.74-75; 92.57.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqšəkʔə \ps v \ge itch, have an \ge have an itch \de to have an itch \sy aqšikə \cf ʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \ce smn ticklish; smn sensitive to touch \cf aqšəkʔəni \ce to be touchy; to be sensitive to touch or tickling \cf šaqšəkʔə \ce to cause to itch; to irritate physically; to tickle \xv 1. kaqšəkʔə \xe 'I itch.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaqšəkʔə \xe 'I itch' (I have an itch on some part of my body). \xv 3. tšʰaqšəkʔənit \xe 'he is tickling me [i.e., causing me to itch]' (by touching me with end of a traw lightly in the back of my neck). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd senses \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.76.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqšəkʔəni \ps v \ge touchy, be \ge sensitive to touch or tickling, be \de to be touchy; to be sensitive to touch or tickling \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \ce smn ticklish; smn sensitive to touch \cf aqšəkʔə \ce to have an itch \xv 1. no ʔan mukʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \xe I am not touchy.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.77.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqšik \ps v \ge take (a person) with one’s hands \de to take (a person) with one’s hands \ee May be an augmented form of ͽaqsik ‘to apprehend; to tie; to imprison.’ The word ͽaqsik seems to indicate more aggressive action. \cf aqšikə \ce I. to be irritated/tickled II. to tickle smn/smth as by lightly rubbing a finger across the skin \cf uštatʔaqšikšaši \ce to take good care of oneself \xv 1. kikasʔip, “ksuyakitwo ʔiti, ʔəhə sukaluštʔey,” kʔuwe lokaʔałʔaluštšʔəmətš ʔan tšuliʔiš kikašnulaluʔus lokaʔałxiliknaš, kikašamaqšik lokaʔaqšikšmu \xe 'and he said, "I want to leave here, I have a lot of business," but the undertaker arrested him and took him to the police.' \sd verbs \sd body \rf TJPH \rf 85.542.2-543.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqšikə \va (aqšikən-) \mr [] \cf aqšik \ce to take (a person) with one’s hands \cf tšəqələqələ \ce to tickle the belly of \se I \ps v \ge irritated/tickled, be \ge tickled/irritated, be \de to be irritated/tickled \sy aqšəkʔə \xv 1. kaqšikə hesikqoloq, tšʔuwit ʔistep \xe 'I tickle at my side, a flea is biting me.' \se II \ps vt \ge tickle smn/smth as by lightly rubbing a finger across the skin \de to tickle smn/smth as by lightly rubbing a finger across the skin \xv 1. tšaqšikənit \xe 'he tickles me by lightly rubbing his finger across my skin.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd emotions \sd cognition \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.78.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqšikšaši \a aqšikšəši \va (aqšikšəši) \ps v \ge tied, be \de to be tied \ee This may be said of the tongue. Note the reflexive use of this word. \mr [] \cf aqsik \ce to apprehend; to tie; to imprison \xv 1. tsʔił ʔišʔaqšik hesikʔelew \xe 'I have my tongue tied.' \xv 2. tšiyaqšikšaši \xe '[the tendrils] they tie themselves.' \xv 3. tšaqšikšəši \xe 'it ties itself of its own accord.' \xv 4. no ʔan kaqšikšaši \xe 'I tie myself' (as if I were to tie ropes about my own body, legs, and arms). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.77.2-4, 78.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqšikšəši \cf aqšikšaši \ce to be tied \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqšikuyo \a axšikuyo \va (axšikuyo) \ps v \ge order smn to do smth \de to order smn to do smth \mr [] \xv 1. kaqšikuyo heʔšaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I order a man to do what I want.' \xv 2. kašaqšikuyo tslów \xe 'Eagle ordered it.' \xv 3. hukaxšikuyo \xe 'I am going to order someone to' (do smth). \sd verbs \sd language \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 69.674.1; 89.406.2; Travels93 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqšił \ps v \ge lock \de to lock \cf aqšiłtš \ce to be locked \xv 1. lokaʔaxšínapi ʔan tšiqipš ; tšaqšiłtš \xe 'the trunk is full' ; 'it is locked with a key.' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.79.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqšiłtš \ps v \ge locked, be \de to be locked \mr [] \cf aqšił \ce to lock \xv 1. tšaqšiłtš \xe 'it is locked with a key.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd household \sd descriptions \lg TJPH \rf 89.79.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqšititap \ps v \ge continue \ge keep on \ge go on \de to continue; to keep on; to go on \gn seguir \dn seguir \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf titap \ce to chase away \xv 1. paqšititap loʔkapaliwakan \xe 'you continue your desire.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Travels5 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqškutałputš \a aqʰškutałputš \a aqskutałputš \va (aqskutałputš) \ps v \ge think \ge worry \de to think; to worry \ee This is the best verb to use for "to worry." \mr [] \cf ałpu \ce to go around inside of \xv 1. tsalinaxyəʔət ʔišaqʰškutałputš \xe 'the whole night she thought [regretting].' \xv 2. latšə ʔišaqskutałputš \xe 'he is thinking all the time.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.62.1; Daughter71; Glutton110 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx aqškutinuy \ps v \ge amuse oneself \de to amuse oneself \ee Possible relationship with verb root ͽ-utinay-̓ ‘be in a cradle; be fastened to a cradle.’ \xv 1. kaqškutinuy \xe 'I amuse myself.' \xv 2. kaqškutinúywu lokakʰqóqoʔo \xe 'I amuse myself with my dogs.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd cognition \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.79.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqškutiwəš \ps v \ge play with \de to play with \mr [] \xv 1. kaqškutiwəš lokaʔanatʔamam kiskutitwałyəkit \xe 'I play with the raccoon and thus he knows me.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd gaming \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.80.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqškuwaxa \cf aqškʔuwaxa \ce to defecate (such as a fly leaves) \sd variations \dt 22/May/2011 \lx aqškʔunapaš \ps v \ge shore fish \de to shore fish \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \xv 1. tsapəti sixəp kikašaqškʔunapaš \xe 'she got up on top of a rock to fish.' \xv 2. kšaqškʔunapaš \xe 'I am fishing-from-the-shore' (said only of shore fishing). \sd verbs \sd food \sd ocean \sd fish \lg JPH \rf 92.63.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqškʔunimay \ps v \ge kill (an animal) clandestinely \de to kill (an animal) clandestinely \mr [] \ee Harrington notes that this verb is used only of animals, but an example indicates otherwise. \cf ałwa \ce to kill (a person) \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf nimay \ce to put out fire \xv 1. hukaqškʔunimay siweselu \xe 'I am going to go out into the fields and kill a calf without telling anyone.' \sd verbs \sd health \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.81.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqškʔutiwə \cf ʔaqškʔutiwə \ce friend \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqškʔuwaxa \a aqškuwaxa \a aqškʔuwaxan \va (aqškuwaxa, aqškʔuwaxan-) \ps v \ge defecate (such as a fly leaves) \de to defecate (such as a fly leaves) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv aqškʔuwaxanpi \pde to defecate (such as a fly leaves).APL.LOC \cf waxa \ce shit; excrement; feces \cf waxan \ce to shit; to defecate \xv 1. tšaqškʔuwaxa sipawapaw \xe 'the fly is eating and defecating.' \xv 2. hekašaqškʔuwaxanpi ʔałhaputš hesipawapaw \xe 'this fly defecated on the meat.' \sd animals \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.80.2-3, 82.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqšlakay \a akslakay \a aqšlaqay \va (akslakay, aqšlaqay) \ps v \ge narrow space, be an open \ge open from one side to another \de to be an open narrow space; to open from one side to another \ee Said of a narrow passageway such as a pass between rocks, a doorway, or a space between two boxes. \xv 1. tsaqšlakay \xe 'it is open' (as said of narrow passageway between rocks in mountains, or of doorway here). \xv 2. tsaqšlaqay \xe 'it is open like a space between two boxes on the floor here' (second uvular stop probably error). \xv 3. tsakslakay \xe 'it is an opening from side to side, like a door but not a door.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd places \lg JPH \rf 89.12.1, 83.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqšlaqay \cf aqšlakay \ce to be an open narrow space; to open from one side to another \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqšlimaš \a aqʰšlimaš \ph ɑqʰʃlɪmɑʃ \ps v \ge nonverbose, be \ge quiet and inactive, be \de to be non-verbose; to be quiet and inactive \ee This word is listed also as aqlimaš. This is likely an error. \an uškʔəyəy \xv 1. tšaqšlimaš \xe 'he is a man who is very calm, very silent, very wise, and well at ease.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaqšlimaš \xe 'I sit quietly doing absolutely nothing.' \sd descriptions \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.37.2, 83.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqšmayətš \a aqšmayə̀tš \ps v \ge sup \ge eat dinner \ge dinner, eat \de to sup; to eat dinner \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. puʔpú kanawa smayú ʔan šnunalí saʔantipšnekèy kiʔalaxuwəł ʔan tšnunali soʔoxwo ka sipistuk kašišaqšmayə̀tš \xe 'and Roadrunner, when it was evening, took home the lizards and Coyote took home his gophers and squirrels and they supped on them.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg TJPH \rf 69.1087.2/Roadrunner16-18 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqšpəyə \ps v \ge dizzy, be \ge have a dizzy spell \de to be dizzy; to have a dizzy spell \xv 1. kaqšpə́yə \xe 'I am dizzy' (from swinging on a swing). \xv 2. tšaqšpəyə \xe 'he is dizzy, has a dizzy spell.' \xv 3. neʔešwelexš sikaqšpəyə \xe 'my dizzy spell has passed.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd body \sd health \sd senses \sd cognition \lg JPH \rf 81.120.2; 89.83.4-84.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqšutš \a aqšútš \a aqʰšutš \ps v \ge go straight to/towards smn/smth \de to go straight to/towards smn/smth \ee Note the emphasis on path here. \cf šuaqšutš \ce to make go straight to \xv 1. hukaqšutš \xe 'I take a straight direction to a thing.' \xv 2. walin tšiyaqšutš ʔalałpay \xe 'it flies straight up.' \xv 3. hukaqšutš losaʔap \xe 'I am going straight towards that house.' \xv 4. tšaqšutšit \xe 'he comes towards me, in the direction of me.' \xv 5. no ʔan hukaqšutšił \xe 'I am going to go straight towards you.' \xv 6. kaqšutš mitsqanaqan̓ \xe 'I am going in the direction of Ventura.' \xv 7. kapikitwo kaqšutš santa barbara \xe 'I set out in a boat and make towards Santa Barbara.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.85.2-87.1; 87; 92.67.2-68.1; WeirB 5 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx aqt- \ps vpre \cf akti- \ce venitive verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 31/Mar/2018 \lx aqta- \a aqtə- \a axta-2 \a eqte- \a ext- \a oqto- \a oxto- \va (aqt(ə)-, axta-, eqte-, ext-, oqto-, oxto-) \ps vpre \ge by air \ge air, by \ge through the air \ge air, through the \ge INSTR.air \de by air; through the air \ee Glossed as INSTR.air. \cf ʔalaqtušʰo \ce to leave smth; to drop off smth \cf ʔaqtəwəw \ce I. wind II. to be windy \cf ʔoqtowoł \ce flute; whistle \cf ʔoqtowolitš \ce to play the flute; to whistle with a whistle \cf ʔoxtowoł \ce windpipe; trachea \cf aqtaqimayə \ce to be dusk; ?to go out at dusk \cf aqtaliyexexe \ce to fall over of one’s own accord \cf aqtaliyək \ce to come into the midst of \cf aqtapawaya \ce to blow in the breeze; to flutter \cf aqtatšum \ce to go far \cf aqtawaya \ce to float in the wind \cf aqtušʰo \ce to let go; to let smth drop, to let smth fall \cf axtanikʔoyi \ce to revive; to come to after a faint \cf axtawaq \ce I. north wind II. to be the north wind blowing \cf axtaxʔuyi \ce to come to after a faint \cf eqtełhew \ce to blow from the __ \cf eqtepexe \ce to be blown away \cf eqtewesmes \ce to be blown over to another area \cf extełhew \ce wind (kind) \cf neqtepexe \ce to blow away \cf oqtopołkwowo \ce to move by rolling \cf oqtopoyho \ce to blow on/at \cf oqtoxoyoyo \ce to fly with the wind \cf oxtonowotš \ce to be clean of chaff \cf oxtoponowo \ce to blow dust; to have a dust-wind \cf saxtawasə \ce to speak the truth \cf soxtonowo \ce to winnow \cf soxtoponowo \ce to stir up dust \cf šoxtonowotš \ce to toss wheat; to winnow wheat \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd elements \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtaha \ps v \ge cold (said of something that was previously warm), be \de to be cold (said of something that was previously warm) \ee This is said of something that was previously warm, such as food or an iron. \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ (ʼ)aqtʼa (Beeler & Klar 1977: 23) \cf ʔipeyuw \ce to be cold (said of the weather/temperature outside) \cf apaqtaha \ce to be in the shade of (tree, etc.) \cf apaqtahaʔa \ce to shade oneself; to put oneself in the shade; to go to shade \cf apaqtahanmu \ce shady place where people cool off \cf oxto \ce to feel cold; to be cold (said of a person) \cf watapaqtaha \ce to stop in the shade of \xv 1. tsaqtaha \xe 'it is cold' (said of food being cold when on table). \xv 2. tsʔipeyuw \xe 'it is cold weather.' \xv 3. koxto \xe 'I am cold.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd food \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.87.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqtaliyexexe \ps v \ge fall over of one’s own accord \de to fall over of one’s own accord \cf aliyexexe \ce to be on one's back \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \xv 1. kaqtaliyexexe \xe 'I fell over of my own accord.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH \rf 82.23.4 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx aqtaliyək \ps v \ge come into the midst of \de to come into the midst of \mr [] \cf liyək \ce middle \xv 1. tsaqtaliyək \xe 'he came and put himself in the middle' (of them). \sd verbs \sd locations \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.69.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqtałwəyi \cf aqtaxwəyi \ce to revive \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtapawaya \ps v \ge blow in breeze \ge flutter \de to blow in the breeze; to flutter \ee This is said as a flag does in the wind or as a g string does when one runs. This word is related to aqtawaya, though Harrington offers no way to distinguish the meaning of the two words. \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tsaqtapawaya \xe 'it is blowing in the wind' (said of a flag). \xv 2. tswayanli ʔišʔitškʔə \xe 'his G-string is flying in the wind as he runs.' \xv 3. tsaqtapawaya sitsuqele \xe 'the flag is blowing or streaming in the wind.' \xv 4. tsaqtapawaya \xe 'it is floating in the wind.' \xv 5. (yəlaʔà) lokatšotšonəʔə̀š ʔan tsʔił ʔisaqʰtapawayanəʔəš heʔismaʔam \xe 'every fish has a wind-bladder.' \xv 6. kaqʰtapawaya \xe 'I have strong spirit, I am light (not heavy).' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.88.1-3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqtaqimayə \ps v \ge dusk, be \ge go out at dusk \de to be dusk; ?to go out at dusk \ee May be a variant of ͽaxtaqimayə ‘to set out in the evening.’ \mr [] \cf axtaqimayə \ce to set out in the evening \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \xv 1. nayitsaqʰtaqimayə̀ \xe 'it is already dusk (neither night or day).' \xv 2. ʔalaqʰtaqimayə̀ \xe 'nocturnal bird(s).' \sd birds \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.315.1 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx aqtatšum \ph ɑqʰtatʃʊm \a aqʰtatšum \ps v \ge go far \de to go far \mr [] \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. tsaqtatšum \xe 'it goes far' (said of arrow); 'it falls farther than the other arrows.' \xv 2. mušaqtatšum hekakya \xe 'my arrow did not carry far' (a poor arrow no one can shoot far). \xv 3. tšaqtatšum hesikya \xe 'this arrow goes far' (they would say meaning 'I have a good arrow'). \xv 4. tšiyaqʰtatšum \xe 'they went far' (in a buggy). \sd verbs \sd archery \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.89.3-90.1; Coyo10 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtatšʔə \ps v \ge move vigorously \ge move quickly \de to move vigorously; to move quickly \xv 1. musaqtatšʔə \xe 'he does not move vigorously.' \xv 2. uštowitš, aqtatšʔə \xe 'hurry, come quickly!' \xv 3. tšaqtatšʔə lokatsʔəmə \xe 'the cloud moves fast.' \xv 4. tšaqtatšʔə ʔišnaʔał \xe '[he/she/it] goes vigorously' (good expression). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.88.4-89.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtawaya \ps v \ge float in the wind \de to float in the wind \ee This word is related to aqtapawaya, though Harrington offers no way to distinguish the meanings of the two words. \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tsaqtawaya \xe 'it goes floating with the wind.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.90.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtaxwəyi \ph ɑqʰtaɬwǝjɪ \ph ɑqʰtaxwǝjɪ \a aqtałwəyi \a aqʰtaxwəyì \a aqʰtaxwəyì \va (aqtałwəyi) \ps v \ge revive \de to revive \xv 1. kikasamaqʰtaxwəyì \xe 'and they all resurrected.' \xv 2. kʔùwe husaqʰtałwəyì pakéʔet sułnetpi loʔkakisusamha loʔkakipoš \xe 'however it is going to revive equally that which we feel in our heart.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd lifecycle \lg JPH \rf 69.889.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtaxʔuyi \cf aktaxʔuyi \ce to return; to come to consciousness again \sd variations \dt 21/Sep/2018 \lx aqtayahəł \ps v \ge color of a red snake, be the \ge red snake, be the color of a \de to be the color of a red snake \mr [] \cf həłhəł \ce red pigment consisting of ocher; ruddle \cf yahəł \ce red snake (species) \xv 1. lokatšulakakʰ ʔan tsaqʰtayahəł \xe 'the flicker is the color of a red snake.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd colors \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.560.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqtəʔəp \a aqtəʔə̀p \a aqtəp \va (aqtəp-) \ps v \ge make a fire (for) \de to make a fire (for) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI aqtɨp ‘make fire,’ INZ aptɨp ‘to make a fire; to build or start a fire; to kindle’ (Beeler 1978: 173; SYBCI 2007: 73) \cf ʔaqtəpəš \ce fire (as of wood stacked and burning) \cf ʔaqtəpmu \ce fireplace \xv 1. laʔkʰan ʔisʔəhə ʔišluyət loʔkapon̓ ʔan tsamaqtəʔəp muštšum kałtsameqweł hałtomoł \xe 'knotty wood is no good for canoes.' \xv 2. kaqtəpuswunwaš \xe 'I had made a fire for them.' \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 89.90-92; Tomol11 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqtəpəš \cf ʔaqtəpəš \ce fire (as of wood stacked and burning) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqti- \a axti- \va (axti-) \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge by drawing up \ge drawing up, by \ge by absorption \ge absorption, by \ge INSTR.absorption \ge INSTR.drawing up \de by drawing up; by absorption \ee It is unclear if this is related to the prefix akti ‘VEN.’ Glossed as INSTR.drawing up; INSTR.absorption. \cf ʔalaqtutʔu \ce ?leech \cf ʔałtšaxtawašətš \ce true one \cf ʔaqtikʔoymu \ce place where people sun themselves \cf aqtikš \ce ?to deliver smth; ?to hand over smth \cf aqtikʔoy \ce to sun; to take in sun \cf aqtikʔoʔoy \ce to go out and sun oneself \cf aqtinapali \ce to understand (in the sense of knowing about something/anything) \cf aqtipałyət \ce to suck (as from a straw); to draw towards \cf axtisisi \ce to suffer \cf aqtutʔu \ce to suck (as is said of blood) \cf susaqtipałyət \ce to cause to suck up \sd instrumentals \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqti- \hm 2 \cf akti- \ce venitive verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 27/Dec/2011 \lx aqtikat \ps v \ge obstruction, be/have an \ge inconvenience, be/have an \ge impedance, be/have an \ge bother, be a \de to be/have an obstruction; to be/have an inconvenience; to be/have an impedance; to be a bother \ee Notice the apparent elision of the vowel u in the instrumental affix aquti . \mr [] \cf naqutikat \ce to be inconvenienced by; to be disturbed by; to be bothered by \xv 1. musʔił paqtikat \xe 'nothing disturbs you.' \xv 2. musʔił kałnaqutikat \xe 'I have no bother of family ties or disturbances in my work' (I can go where I please, etc). \xv 3. tsʔił ʔisaqtikat \xe 'there is a hindrance.' \xv 4. no ʔan knaqtikat hesiqunup \xe 'I am bothered or impeded by having this child here all the time.' \xv 5. saqtikat \xe 'it inconveniences' (when working around the house and not having the tools one needs). \xv 6. tsaqʰtikatit \xe 'it hindered me.' \xv 7. no ʔan kaqʰtikat \xe 'I am an inconvenience' (to somebody). \xv 8. tsaqtikat \xe 'a hindrance.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.96.2-97.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtikš \ps v \ge ?deliver smth \ge ?hand over smth \de ?to deliver smth; ?to hand over smth \ee Harrington only lists what appears to be the nominalized form of this word. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqtikš \pde ?to deliver something.NZ; ?to hand over something.NZ \cf ikš \ce to give; to hand to \xv 1. kʔalaqtikšił \xe 'I delivered something to you.' \xv 2. kʔalaqtušʰo \xe 'I came to leave something.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.97.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtikʔoʔoy \ps v \ge go out and sun oneself \de to go out and sun oneself \mr [] \cf aqtikʔoy \ce to sun; to take in sun \xv 1. hukaqtikʔoʔoy \xe 'I am going out to sun myself.' \sd verbs \sd heat \sd sun \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.98.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtikʔoy \ps v \ge sun \ge take in sun \de to sun; to take in sun \mr [] \cf ʔaqtikʔoymu \ce place where people sun themselves \cf aqtikʔoʔoy \ce to go out and sun oneself \xv 1. kaqtikʔoy \xe 'I am in the sun sunning myself.' \xv 2. hukiyaqtikʔoy \xe 'let us go and sun ourselves.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.98.1, 3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtinaʔay \a aqtinay- \va (aqtinay-) \ps v \ge come from \de to come from \mr [] \cf šaktinaʔay \ce to come from \xv 1. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔiʔalaqtinaʔay los angeles \xe 'these men from Los Angeles.' \xv 2. kikayusaqtinaʔay heseqwełwu šiyʔalititpe kaʔišaqšaqšanuʔutš \xe 'whence he will come to judge the quick and the dead.' \xv 3. ʔan kasiyaqtinaʔay \xe 'that is what (these animals) come from.' \xv 4. kəwə lokašaktinayutš ʔan lakʰan ʔaluliʔiš \xe 'it went on the same road that it came on' (turned back and took the same road it had come on). \xv 5. heʔlʔalaqtinaʔay ʔałkuluł \xe 'it comes from the west.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \rf 89.99.2-100.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtinapali \a aqtinapalì \ps v \ge understand (in the sense of knowing about something/anything) \de to understand (in the sense of knowing about something/anything) \mr [] \cf ?napay \ce to rise; to land \cf ?napayli \ce to go to the top \xv 1. kaskitwò saʔalaxuwəł ʔałʔapʰanitš loʔkaʔapʰanəšmu, kišnaʔàł kisxiliwasə̀, kikasasəwus, kʔuwe hesaʔałkúm ʔan musaqtinapalì, kintsʔəmə́ \xe 'A coyote of the house went out, and he went to inspect him, he talked to him, but this newcomer did not understand, and what’s more, he was mute.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Roadrunner215-219 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqtipałyət \ps v \ge suck (as from a straw) \ge draw towards \de to suck (as from a straw); to draw towards \mr [] \cf kutet \ce I. breast II. to suckle (as from a breast) \cf susaqtipałyət \ce to cause to suck up \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. ʔaxunpe ʔi ʔalaqtipałyət \xe 'the fly that sucks blood.' \xv 2. lakəkš lokasʔan kalaqtipałyət \xe 'it only sucks the blood out of' (the fly). \xv 3. tsaqtipałyət kišuliʔiš \xe 'it sucks the animal towards it with its bao.' \xv 4. kaqtipałyət \xe 'I suck up water through a straw.' \xv 5. ʔaxunpes ʔi ʔalaqtipałyət \xe 'the fly that sucks blood.' \sd verbs \sd animals \rf 89.100.4-101.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtiqisə \a aqtiqisən \va (aqtiqisən-) \ps v \ge come to see \de to come to see \mr [] \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \xv 1. no ʔan kaqtiqisə \xe 'I came to see him.' \xv 2. lošaʔatʔaxatš ʔan hušaqtiqisəniyuw \xe 'that man came to see us.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.98.4-99.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtišumuš \ps v \ge conjure \de to conjure \mr [] \cf ʔałtšaqtišumuš \ce kind of sorcery/magic \sd verbs \sd culture \lg TJPH JPH \rf 3.89.255.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtiyep \ps vt \ge come for a cure/help \de to come for a cure/help \mr [] \xv 1. kikaqtiyepus lokaʔalipiwatš kaʔaxiyeʔep ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'I asked the drug clerk and he told me.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd language \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.96.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtkəyəmi \ps v \ge straighten arrows \de to straighten arrows \mr [] \cf kəyəmi \ce to be straight \xv 1. kaqtkəyəmi \xe 'I straighten arrows.' \sd archery \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.102.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtuniyəw \ps v \ge come to look for \ge come to search for \de to come to look for; to come to search for \mr [] \cf uniyəʔəw \ce to search for \xv 1. tsiyaqtuniyəw suliyʔuw \xe 'they seek their food.' \xv 2. tsyət sixʔanwa tsaqtuniyəw lokaʔałʔapʰanəš \xe 'here comes a woman searching for the landlady.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.102.4-103.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtustəł \cf aqtuštəł \ce to catch up with \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtuštəł \a aqtustəł \va (aqtustəł) \ps v \ge catch up with \de to catch up with \ee This verb may be used of purposeful pursuit or accidental coming upon. \mr [] \cf uštəł \ce to find; to discover \xv 1. no ʔan kaqtustəłwu lositomoł \xe 'I came within sight of the tomołs.' \xv 2. lamitʔi sikaqtustəłwu \xe 'I already came in sight of them.' \xv 3. tšnaxyətiʔi kisunikepleʔeʔeł kišaqtuštəł lokaxʔanwa \xe 'the next morning he went to bathe very early, and he surprised the woman.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.104.2-3; Glutton167 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqtušʰo \ps v \ge let go \ge let smth drop \ge let smth fall \de to let go; to let smth drop, to let smth fall \ee This is usually said of involuntarily letting go. \mr [] \cf ʔalaqtušʰo \ce to leave smth; to drop off smth \cf ušʰo \ce to leave; to let; to let go; to release; to allow; to permit \xv 1. tšaqtušʰo \xe 'he let go.' \xv 2. kaqtušʰo hešimiyaš \xe 'I let go of the string' (let it drop, it fell from my hand). \xv 3. kaqtušʰo kiswatikla \xe 'I let the cup fall and it broke.' \xv 4. kʔalaqtikšił \xe 'I delivered something.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.103.2-104 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtutʔu \ph ɑqʰtʊt’ʊ \ps v \ge suck (as is said of blood) \de to suck (as is said of blood) \mr [] \xv 1. tsaqʰtutʔu ʔisʔan \xe 'it sucks blood.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd body \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.133.2; 89.104.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtsənpi \ps v \ge detest smn/smth \de to detest smn/smth \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv aqtsənpišaš \pde to detest smn/smth.REFL \xv 1. kaqtsənpi šaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I detest the man' (as often happens for some reason). \xv 2. tsaqtsənpiyit \xe 'he detests me.' \xv 3. tšišaqtsənpišaš \xe 'they detest each other.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd emotions \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.105.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqtsssi \ps v \ge hiss \de to hiss \xv 1. tsaqʰtsssí \xe 'it hisses.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd onomatopoeia \lg JPH \rf 71.191.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx aqtsʔum \a aqʰtsʔum \a aqtsum \va (aqtsum) \ps v \ge chirp (as a bat) \de to chirp (as a bat) \ee This verb is used only for the sound bats make. \xv 1. tsaqtsum lokamakał \xe 'the bat chirps.' \xv 2. tsaqʰtsʔum kʔùwe tsqeyepì musʰuwaqʰniʔìł mukiyitàqʰ \xe 'it [the bat] chirps and it is very weak; it is not clearly audible, we do not hear it.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd language \lg JPH \rf 71.710.1; 89.105.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqtšum \ps v \ge like \ge take a liking to \de to like; to take a liking to \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqtšum \pde to like.NZ; to take a liking to.NZ \cf ʔaqtšummu \ce place (house) of a loved one \cf ʔatiš \ce to be in love \cf iwakan \ce to envy; to be jealous of \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. tšiyaqtšum saʔan hesipawapaw \xe 'these flies like blood.' \xv 2. kaqtšumił \xe 'I like you very much.' \xv 3. aqtšumit ! \xe 'like me!' \xv 4. kaqtšumwu sinaštəʔəʔə simitmitʔi, watšwatšətš \xe 'I love the chickens when they are little, they are pretty.' \xv 5. ʔasku palaqtšum \xe 'whom do you want?' (asked at election). \xv 6. mukaqtšum hešaʔatʔaxatš, kumel ʔištəq \xe 'I don't like this man, he has an ugly face.' \xv 7. ʔan kakalaqtšum sukxaʔaʔax \xe 'I would like to be a big one' (a big fish). \xv 8. kaqtšum suksuxululu sixəp sixaʔax loʔišup \xe 'I like to make stones roll down in the mountain.' \xv 9. sipakpakəwaʔaš ʔan mušiyaqtšum lositapi sipałpaliʔi ʔiti, ʔan musʔił husinetus \xe 'there were some old men who did not like the priests coming here, but what could they do?' \xv 10. (si)nelahušaqtšum san digeo, ʔan hušišpiwetš heʔisʔap \xe 'if she likes San Diego, she will sell her house here.' \xv 11. no ʔan kušwele kihukaqułmow sikalaqtšum \xe 'I am stirring it up to choose that which pleases me most' (said of a soup). \xv 12. mušaqtšum saʔalamʔipʰpi \xe 'he did not like what they said to him.' \xv 13. yəlaʔa he kałmušiyaqtšum siyʔiyʔałnuna kukamoŋa kikašiyišmotš šipakpakəwaš kikasitipeqenpi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'all this did not please the people and the old men held a meeting to discuss the woman.' \xv 14. ʔalaqtšumwu \xe 'he likes them.' \xv 15. tskuʔum šalaqtšum felipe \xe 'Felipe reached a place that pleased him' (town, ranch, place by the roadside, etc.). \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.106.1-111.1 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx aqtšwawatš \ps v \ge difficult to do, be \de to be difficult to do \ee The difference in meaning between ͽaqtšwawatš and ͽwawatš is unclear. \mr [] \cf wawatš \ce to be difficult to do \xv 1. mupaqtšwawatš \xe 'it was not difficult for you to do it.' \xv 2. mukaqtšwawatš \xe 'I find no difficulty' (in writing Indian). \xv 3. no ʔan kaqtšwawatš \xe 'I cannot do it, it is hard for me.' \xv 4. tšwawatš \xe 'it is laborious to do this.' \xv 5. mupaqʰtšwaw̓àtš loʔisameqweł sihəłhəł \xe 'it is not difficult for you to make paint with this ruddle.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd language \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.105.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqul- \a aquł- \a aqun- \va (aquł-, aqun-) \ps vpre \ge of separating \ge separating, of \ge INSTR.separating \de of separating \ee Glossed as INSTR.separating. \cf ʔałʔalaqułpep \ce one who salvages things \cf aqułhin \ce to peel smth \cf aqułhinutš \ce to be peeled \cf aqułmow \ce to choose; to pick smth out; to pick out the best or most pleasing \cf aqułpep \ce to pick over; to salvage \cf aqułtspaxa \ce to peel (such as an orange); to shell (such as a walnut) \cf aqułtšʔeq \ce to split smth \cf aqułtšpaxatš \ce to be peeled (said of an orange); to be shelled (said of a nut) \cf aqułtsposinus \ce to ram the heart out \cf aqunpakeʔet \ce to select \cf ?aquntuk \ce to knot; to tie a knot \cf aquntʔutuk \ce to be narrow or tight \cf šaquntšiwekʔeyeš \ce to wipe one’s buttcrack \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx aqułhin \ps v \ge peel smth \de to peel smth \mr [] \ee This is used of peeling or shelling things such as oranges, walnuts, pinenuts, etc. \sy aqułtspaxa \cf hin \ce to have \xv 1. hukaqułhin \xe 'I am going to peel' (an orange). \sd verbs \sd food \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.111 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqułhinutš \ps v \ge peeled, be \de to be peeled \mr [] \cf aqułhin \ce to peel smth \cf hin \ce to have \xv 1. lokakaqułhinutš \xe 'what I peeled.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.111.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqułku \cf aqułkuw \ce to wake up early; to get up early \sd variations \dt 02/Jan/2012 \lx aqułkuw \a aqułkù \va (aqułku) \ps v \ge wake up early \ge get up early \de to wake up early; to get up early \mr [] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \cf unaqułkuw \ce to go out at dawn \cf ušwiy \ce to wake up smn/smth \xv 1. hukaqułku \xe 'I am going to get up at dawn.' \xv 2. ušwiyit hukaqułkuw \xe 'wake me up early tomorrow!' (lit., wake me!, I am going to get up early). \sd verbs \sd common \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.112.3-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqułmow \a aqulmow \va (aqulmow) \ps v \ge choose \ge pick smth out \ge pick out the best or most pleasing \de to choose; to pick smth out; to pick out the best or most pleasing \mr [] \cf mowh \ce smth sweet; candy made from molasses \sd verbs \sd senses \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.107, 113 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqułpep \ps v \ge pick over \ge salvage \de to pick over; to salvage \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqułpepš \pde to pick over NZ.IPFV; to salvage.NZ.IPFV. \pdl v \pdv aqułpepš \pde to pick over.IPFV; to salvage.IPFV \cf ʔałʔalaqułpep \ce one who salvages things \xv 1. no ʔan hukaqułpep \xe 'I am going to pick up what you throw away' ; 'I am going to pick up things like a bird.' \xv 2. kaqułpepš \xe 'I am going to pick up things.' \xv 3. tšwiw ʔi ʔalaqułpepš \xe 'insect eating bird.' \xv 4. no ʔan kaqułpepš \xe 'I pick up cast away things.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.114.1-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqułtspaxa \ps v \ge peel (such as an orange) \ge shell (such as a walnut) \de to peel (such as an orange); to shell (such as a walnut) \ee This is not said of peeling such as is done with a knife to a potato, and it is not said of skinning such as with animals. \mr [] \sy aqułhin \cf pax \ce skin; shell; peel; bark \cf tokšo \ce to skin (as is said of an animal) \xv 1. no ʔan kaqułtspaxa \xe 'I took off the peeling off [an orange].' \sd verbs \sd food \sd manner \rf 89.111.4, 115.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx aqułtsposinus \ps v \ge ram the heart out \de to ram the heart out \mr [] \cf poš \ce heart; pinenut; pinyon nut \xv 1. kaqułtsposinus \xe 'I ram the heart out.' \sd verbs \sd hunting \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.115.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx aqułtšeqʔetš \ps v \ge remove bad from good \ge repent of bad living \de to remove bad from good; to repent of bad living \ee It seems clear that this word is related to ͽeqe and ͽeqen, although the ejectivity on the uvular stop is difficult to explain. \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \xv 1. kaqułtšeqʔètš \xe 'I remove the bad from the good.' \xv 2. tšaqułtšeqʔètš kišmiš kinupan tšušpete loʔištənə̀kʰ tsʰunuwus loʔišpù \xe '[the wild cat] separates the good from the bad and cries and then wipes its tears using its paws.' \sd verbs \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.943.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx aqułtšpaxatš \ps v \ge peeled (said of an orange), be \ge shelled (said of a nut), be \de to be peeled (said of an orange); to be shelled (said of a nut) \mr [] \cf aqułtspaxa \ce to peel (such as an orange); to shell (such as a walnut) \cf pax \ce skin; shell; peel; bark \cf tokšotš \ce to be skinned \xv 1. neʔešaqułtšpaxatš \xe 'it is already peeled.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd plants \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.111.4, 115.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx aqułtšʔeq \ps v \ge split smth \de to split smth \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce I. crack II. to crack; to split \xv 1. kaqułtšʔeq \xe 'I split it.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.116.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqulusmi \cf aqulusmiy \ce to twist string; to make string \sd variations \dt 02/Jan/2012 \lx aqulusmiy \a aqulusmi \va (aqulusmi) \ps v \ge twist string \ge make string \de to twist string; to make string \mr [] \xv 1. tšaqulušmiš \xe 'he is twisting string on his thigh.' \xv 2. hukaqulusmiy \xe 'I am going to twist on thigh.' \xv 3. kaqulusmi ʔisʔaxpilił \xe 'I twist sinews.' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.116.4-117.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqun- \cf aqul- \ce of separating \mr [] \sd variations \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx aqunpakeʔet \ps v \ge select \de to select \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \xv 1. kaqunpakeʔet lokasqʰoqʰo \xe 'I took a bunch of wild grapes.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.118.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aquntuk \ps v \ge knot \ge tie a knot \de to knot; to tie a knot \mr [] \cf ʔaquntukaš \ce smth knotted \cf aqsik \ce to apprehend; to tie; to imprison \xv 1. kaquntuk \xe 'I knot, tie a knot.' \xv 2. tsʔił ʔisʔaqsik, kaquntuk hesixanaxan \xe 'I tie it underneath my chin.' \xv 3. lokakaquntuk \xe 'that which I knotted.' \xv 4. koxpot lokakaquntuk \xe 'I untied the knot I tied.' \sd verbs \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 89.61.1, 118-119 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aquntʔutuk \a aquntutuk \va (aquntutuk) \ps v \ge narrow, be \ge tight, be \de to be narrow or tight \mr [] \xv 1. tsaquntʔutuk \xe 'it is a narrow part' (of a canyon). \xv 2. neʔekiwelexšwaš lokasaquntʔutuk hesimaha kikiqisə sixus \xe 'we already passed the narrow part of that canyon, when we saw the bear.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.120.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aquškuy \a aquskuy \va (aquskuy-) \ps v \ge point at \de to point at \ee The difference in meaning between this word and ͽuškuy is unclear. \mr [] \cf uškuy \ce to point at; to pertain to \xv 1. kaquskuyus sipon̓ \xe 'I pointed at the tree.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.121; 92.93.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqutałtə \ps v \ge glottalized (as is said of certain features of the language), be \de to be glottalized (as is said of certain features of Ventureño) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaqutałtə \pde to be stuck; to be unable to roll (said of a wagon).NZ; to be detained (as when in a trap or caught in tree branches).NZ \cf ałtə \ce to meet smn/smth \cf saqutałtə1 \ce to block; to stop from moving \cf tsʔaqutałtə \ce neck of a flint blade; fly trap \xv 1. tsaqutałtə \xe 'it is glottalized.' \sd motion \sd language \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.179; 89.122-123 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqutašəw \a aqutasəw \va (aqutasəw-) \ps vt \ge ask \de to ask \ee It is unclear how the instrumental affix contributes to the meaning of this verb. \mr [] \cf ašəw \ce to speak to; to speak with \xv 1. hukaqutasəwus \xe 'I am going to ask him something.' \xv 2. kisaqutasəwus sitsʔohoy \xe 'he asked another man.' \xv 3. tsaqutasəwus \xe 'he asks him.' \xv 4. kaqutasəwuswu \xe 'I asked them.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.122.4-123.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aquti- \a aqut- \ps vpre \ge by interfering \ge interfering, by \ge INSTR.interfering \de by interfering \ee Glossed as INSTR.interfering. Mamet (2008: 70 71) glosses this as ‘by talking,’ but this translation seems inadequate considering the combination of the prefix with other roots. \cf aqutałtə \ce to be glottalized (as is said of certain features of Ventureño) \cf aqutašəw \ce to ask \cf aqutikat \ce to be an obstacle; to be a problem \cf aqutikuk \ce to stumble on; to stub one’s foot against \cf aqutikumeł \ce to be opposite of; to be facing \cf aqutiple \ce to be finished; to die \cf aqutišətš \ce to be intelligent with experience; to be cunning; to be lively \cf saqutałtə1 \ce to block; to stop from moving \cf saquteqenpi \ce to deal with smth \cf saqutinaʔał \ce to relate; to report \cf tsʔaqutałtə \ce neck of a flint blade; fly trap \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqutikat \ps v \ge obstacle, be an \ge problem, be a \de to be an obstacle; to be a problem \mr [] \xv 1. loʔkaʔolołkʔoy ʔan tsʰwotołkʔoy heʔišup husqisə hukiłtsaqutikatʰ, laʔkʰan simusʔił tsaqutikatʰ ʔan tskumì lokašnunawùtš \xe 'the porpoise goes around the world to see what will hinder it, and when there is no obstacle or nothing the matter it comes back to where it started from.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.853.2-854.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqutikuk \ps v \ge stumble on \ge stub one’s foot against \de to stumble on; to stub one’s foot against \ee This verb is used only of stubbing one's foot or toes against something. Cannot be used of bumping into anything with any other part of the body. \mr [] \sy watiwił \cf ikuk \ce to strike; to peck; to butt; to chip at \cf witut \ce to bump into smth (with one’s shoulder) \xv 1. kaqutikuk kikwoloqoyi kikušʔak lokoʔo \xe 'I stumbled and fell down, and spilled the water.' \xv 2. kaqutikuk sixəp \xe 'I stumbled on a rock.' \xv 3. kaqutikuk hesikʰinʔałxaʔax \xe 'I stubbed my big toe.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.123.3-124.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqutikumeł \a aqutikumel \a aqutiqumeł \va (aqutikumel-, aqutiqumeł) \ps vt \ge opposite of, be \ge facing, be \de to be opposite of; to be facing \ee The root of this verb may be ͽaqutikumeʔeł. \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumeʔeł \ce to move straight (to) \xv 1. tsaqutikumelus \xe 'he is in front or opposite him.' \xv 2. kalotoyi hešikyəwəš ʔan tsaqutikumelus milimoł \xe 'I am lying with my head to the north.' \xv 3. tsaqutikumelus lokaxəp \xe 'it is right in front of the rock.' \xv 4. kaqutikumelus hesilampara \xe 'I am in front of this lamp.' \xv 5. ʔanyapax ʔan tsaqutiqumelus mitsqanaqan \xe 'Anacapa is opposite Ventura.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd geography \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.124.3-125.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqutiple \ps v \ge finished, be \ge die \de to be finished; to die \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \cf ple \ce to be over; to be finished \xv 1. hukaqutiple \xe 'I am going to die.' \xv 2. tsaqutiple \xe 'he has no more breath/spirit' (said when one dies). \xv 3. kayusaqutiple \xe 'he is about to die.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd idioms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.125.3-126.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqutiqumeł \cf aqutikumeł \ce to be opposite of; to be facing \sd variations \dt 24/May/2011 \lx aqutišəʔəʔətš \ps v \ge intelligent with experience, be.REDUP \ge cunning, be.REDUP \ge lively, be.REDUP \de to be intelligent with experience.REDUP; to be cunning.REDUP; to be lively.REDUP \cf aqutišətš \ce to be intelligent with experience; to be cunning; to be lively \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqutišətš \a aqotiš \rd aqutišəʔəʔətš \va (aqotiš) \ps v \ge intelligent with experience, be \ge cunning, be \ge lively, be \de to be intelligent with experience; to be cunning; to be lively \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaqutišətš \pde to be intelligent with experience;.REDUP; to be cunning.NZ; to be lively.NZ \xv 1. lakʰan ʔisqisə payikʔulahuki ʔan tsapuʔuw, mulašaqutišəʔəʔətš ʔan nimiš ʔisapuʔuw sułqisə \xe 'the hen pecks quickly, she is not very smart but nevertheless grans her food.' \xv 2. hesiməy (Ϟor lokaməy) šałmušiyaqša ʔan tsinaʔał kałʔiyaqutišəʔəʔətš ʔisihin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolves who did not perish went to other lands; they are smarter than the coyotes.' \xv 3. tšiyaqutišətš heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan tšaqwin hesimusiyałhaš \xe 'dogs are smart; the only thing they lack is that they do not talk.' \xv 4. lokaʔanatʔamam ʔan ʔalaqutišətš \xe 'the coon is a very lively animal.' \xv 5. tsamʔip ʔan latšə ʔisatʔamli kaypi kisamtənus ʔanatʔamam \xe 'they say that it always likes to go in the canyon rivers and therefore they call him ͽʔanatʔamam' (raccoon). \xv 6. ʔalaqutišətš \xe 'lively person.' \xv 7. no ʔan kʔalaqutišətš \xe 'I have experience / I am very smart.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.126.2-128.1 \dt 19/Jan/2019 \lx aquwałmay \ps v \ge shade \ge cast shadow \de to shade; to cast shadow \ee Said of inanimate objects. \mr [] \cf ʔaquwałmay \ce shadow \cf aquwałmayəʔəš \ce sunshade; umbrella (for shade) \cf aqwətəy \ce to cast a shadow \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \sd verbs \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.128.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aquwałmayəʔəš \ps n \ge sunshade \ge umbrella (for shade) \de sunshade; umbrella (for shade) \mr [] \cf aquwałmay \ce to shade; to cast shadow \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \sd household \sd tools \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.128.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqwaʔay \ps v \ge mark, be/go on the \ge hit (on) the mark \de to be/go on the mark; to hit (on) the mark \cf alaqwaʔay \ce to be ready (to fight, etc); to get along all right (such as happens in a good house with plenty of food); to be well-fixed in a good house; to build/do smth well (or poorly with ͽ-mu); to settle; to get one’s way \cf apaqwaʔay \ce to cook completely/well \cf aqwayapi \ce to revenge oneself upon \cf matisalaqwaʔay \ce to fix first \cf matʔaqwaʔay \ce to give birth well \cf salaqwaʔay \ce to fix smth; to form; to make ready; to refine \cf tipaqwaʔay \ce to be on time \xv 1. no ʔan kaqwaʔay \xe 'I hit him and did not miss.' \xv 2. tsapaqwaʔay heʔišapš \xe 'this soup is well done.' \xv 3. tsaqwaʔay \xe 'he hit the mark.' \xv 4. tsaqwaʔay hekakxaya \xe 'it hits my bedstead.' \xv 5. hesipon̓ ʔan tšaqwaʔay \xe 'this board is well-formed' (it is not straight nor does it have holes in it). \sd archery \sd food \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.129.1-130.1, 130, 307.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqwayapi \ps v \ge revenge oneself upon \de to revenge oneself upon \mr [] \cf aqwaʔay \ce to be/go on the mark; to hit (on) the mark \xv 1. nełʔuluknetus kuhukaqwayapiyuw \xe 'how am I going to revenge myself on you people?' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg TJPH \rf Glutton111 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqwətəy \a aqʰwətəy \ps v \ge cast shadow \de to cast a shadow \ee Said of animate things. \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv aqwətəypi \pde to cast a shadow.APL.LOC \cf ʔaqwətəy \ce shadow \cf aquwałmay \ce to shade; to cast shadow \xv 1. tsaqwətəy \xe 'it makes a shadow.' \xv 2. hesikʔaqwətəy \xe 'my shadow.' \xv 3. laʔkʰan suptapinwù ʔan kusiyaqʰwətəypìʔił \xe 'if you put yourself among such people then they will make you do what they intend' (lit., 'they will shadow you'). \sd verbs \sd idioms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.132.1-3; Bad6-7 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqwəy \ps v \ge feather (arrows) \de to feather (arrows) \mr [] \cf ʔaqwəyəš \ce to be feathered (said of arrows) \xv 1. hukaqwəy \xe 'I am going to feather it (an arrow).' \xv 2. hukaqwəy hesikya \xe 'I am going to feather this arrow.' \xv 3. neekaqwəywaš \xe 'I have feathered the arrow.' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.130.3-131.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqwiʔiʔin \ps v \ge last, be the very \de to be the very last \mr [] \cf aqwin \ce to be the only; to be only; to be the last \xv 1. tšaqwiʔiʔin ʔi ʔatʔaxatš \xe 'he is the very last man.' \sd numbers \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.135.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqwiʔin \a aqʰwíʔín \ps v \ge only.REDUP, be the \ge only.REDUP, be \ge last.REDUP, be the \de to be the only.REDUP; to be only.REDUP; to be the last.REDUP \cf aqwin \ce to be the only; to be only; to be the last \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx aqwilili \ph ɑqʰwɪn \ps v \ge sing (said of a certain genre) \de to sing (said of a certain genre) \ee This denotes singing of a certain type, not merely 'singing in general.' \mr [] \cf nəw \ce to sing \cf wilili \ce to make noise \xv 1. no ʔan aqwilili \xe 'I am going to sing' (a kind of singing). \sd verbs \sd culture \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.133.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqwin \rd aqwiʔin \a aqwìn \a aqʰwìn \a aqʰwin \va (aqʰwin) \ps v \ge only, be the \ge last, be the \ge only, be \de to be the only; to be only; to be the last \mr ?[] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv aqwinpi \pde to be the only APL.LOC; to be only APL.LOC; to be the last.APL.LOC \cf aqwiʔiʔin \ce to be the very last \cf šutšaqwinpi \ce to finish the last thing \xv 1. musʔił tsʔohoy̓ kʰin tšaqʰwin \xe 'there is no other, it is only him.' \xv 2. katšaqwin ʔalušʔikʔom sułuw \xe 'it is the only one that stores up its food.' \xv 3. tsʔowow yəlaʔa loʔisamamə tšaqwin loʔiskʔukʔuy \xe 'its whole body is white except its shoulders.' \xv 4. kikamušamušʰowu lušišaxšiłtš tšaqwin lokałtskumu tšqaʔaškom̓ \xe 'they do not let them catch any more than forty.' \xv 5. he ʔan katšaqwinpi ʔikeqweł \xe 'this is the last time I am going to do it.' \xv 6. musʔił tsʔohoy kin tšaqwin he \xe 'there is no more of this.' \xv 7. tšiyaqutišətš heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan tšaqwin hesimusiyałhaš \xe 'the dogs are smart the only thing they lack is that do not talk.' \xv 8. kahe hesukilistu, katšaqwin ʔiswop \xe 'and Jesus Christ His only son.' \xv 9. kiskuʔum lokatšaqwinpi kaʔap \xe 'she arrived at the last house.' \sd verbs \sd number \sd stative \sd common \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.133-135; Daughter50 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqʰay \ps v \ge dwell smwh \ge live smwh \de to dwell smwh; to live smwh \ee This verb form was archaic at the time Harrington recorded it. \cf naqʰay \ce to do in a place \cf naqʰaymu \ce (permanent) place where smth is done \xv 1. nełtšaqʰay kišʔatʔaxatš \xe 'where did He make Himself man?' \xv 2. kaʔiti kakaqʰay \xe 'I stay or live here.' \xv 3. kaʔiti kapaqʰay \xe 'you live here.' \sd verbs \sd household \sd common \sd places \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 69.18; 89.137.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqʔaqskʔutiwəʔə \ps n \ge friend.REDUP \de friend.REDUP \cf aqskʔutiwə \ce friend \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aqʔus \a aqʔuš \va (aqʔuš) \ps v \ge have sores \ge sores, have \de to have sores \gn llagas, tener \gn tener llagas \dn tener llagas \ee This is not the word used for pimples, warts, or in grown hairs. Harrington translates this as ‘scar' at one point. \cf itsikuw \ce ?to have boils; ?to have ingrown hairs \cf yułkitwo \ce to have acne; to have pimples \xv 1. kaqʔuš \xe 'I have (large) sores.' \xv 2. kyułkitwo hesiktəq \xe 'I have a lot of pimples.' \xv 3. no ʔan kitsikuw \xe 'I have in-grown hairs.' \xv 4. tšaqʔuš ʔi koloy \xe 'barnacle on crab’s leg.' \xv 5. tsʔił sikaqʔus, kʰkumełtiyutš \xe 'I have a sore by heredity.' \xv 6. tšaqʔuš hesikpu \xe 'I have a sore on my hand.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH; VML \rf 70.27.1; 89.121.1, 136; 92.102.2-103.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx aqʔuš \cf aqʔus \ce to have sores \sd variations \dt 04/Jan/2012 \lx asʔay \ps v \ge air out (in order to dry) \de to air out (in order to dry) \xv 1. tsiyasʔay lokasmut \xe 'they used to dry the belly.' \xv 2. hukasʔay hešikʰinkawəyəš kihusaxsəw lamitʔi \xe 'I am going to put this tule in the sun so that it can dry.' \sd verbs \sd plants \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.181.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx asəw \cf ašəw \ce to speak to; to speak with \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx asəwsəw \cf ašəwšəw \ce to speak to.REDUP; to speak with.REDUP \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx askʔam̓am \a aškʔamam \va (aškʔamam) \ps v \ge chew \de to chew \cf aqskʔəy \ce to grind (teeth); to creak (as is said of trees bending in the wind) \xv 1. no ʔan kaskʔam̓am \xe 'I am chewing' (meat or anything). \xv 2. lokakawayu ʔan tsaskʔam̓am šitaštaʔaš \xe 'the horse is chewing grass.' \xv 3. pakeʔet ʔišaškʔamam \xe 'he just takes one chew.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.442.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx asoti \ps v \ge lash \ge whip \de to lash; to whip \mr [] \xv 1. tsamasoti \xe 'they whipped him.' \sd verbs \sd culture \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.442.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx astəməmə \ph ɑs̱tǝˈmǝmǝ \ps v \ge boom (as is said of the ocean) \de to boom (as is said of the ocean) \mr [] \sy askululutš \xv 1. tsastəməmə hesimuwu \xe 'the sea is booming continously' (said by person inland who hears it and it is going to rain). \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd language \sd water \sd nature \rf 89.405.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx astipił \ps v \ge thick, be \de to be thick \ee This verb applies to the quality of an item and not its volume. \cf ʔaštipilaʔaš \ce thickness \cf apastipił \ce to be boiled down; to be boiled thick \xv 1. tsastipił \xe 'it is thick.' \xv 2. tsiyastipił \xe 'they 3+ are sick.' \xv 3. tsʰuwaxaʔax ʔišałhaš (Ϟor ksuwaxaʔax sikałhaš) \xe 'I speak thickly' (does not indicate anything regarding the volume of the voice). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.311.1, 442.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx astiwuy \ps v \ge have smth embedded in (one's flesh) \ge embedded in (one's flesh), have smth \de to have smth embedded in (one's flesh) \gn tener astilla \gn astilla, tener \dn tener astilla \ee Harrington lists ͽatsttiwuy as a possible pronunciation, although no examples have this form. \mr [] \cf tiwuy \ce to relocate oneself \xv 1. tsʔił sikastiwuy hesiktem̓ \xe 'there is a thorn in my foot.' \xv 2. seqenit hekakastiwuy \xe 'pull out my sliver for me.' \xv 3. pakeʔet ʔisastiwuy \xe 'he has one spine, no more.' \xv 4. kastiwuy ʔan xaʔax \xe 'I was stuck with a large thorn.' \xv 5. kastiwuy hesikpu \xe 'I have a sliver in my hand.' \xv 6. kastiwuy hesikmət \xe 'there is something sticking me in my back.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg (81.119.1; 89.444.3-445.1) \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx asʰuna \a asuna \ps vt \ge command smn \de to command smn \mr [] \cf alasʰuna \ce commandment \cf ašʰunatš \ce to command (as when part of one’s job) \xv 1. tsasʰunanit \xe 'he commanded me.' \xv 2. tsasʰunanus \xe 'he commanded him.' \xv 3. asʰunaniyuw kikə \xe 'thy kingdom come.' \xv 4. tsasʰunanwu sikukuʔu lokaxʔanwa kihusiyutʔaʔaw sitimew̓ \xe 'she commanded the people to hunt rabbits.' \xv 5. kayulasʰunaniyuw \xe 'he is the one who is going to command you.' \xv 6. alasʰuna \xe 'commandment.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd religion \sd culture \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.438.1-439.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ašəw \rd ašəwšəw \a asəw \va (asəw-) \ps vt \ge speak with \ge to speak to \de to speak to; to speak with \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \cf aqutašəw \ce to ask \cf suyasəw \ce to want to speak with (said when other party is not nearby) \cf šaqutašəwš \ce to ask (?speak up) \xv 1. ašəwit ! \xe 'talk to me!' \xv 2. ʔiyašəwit ! \xe 'speak to me!' \xv 3. tšašəwił \xe 'he spoke to you.' \xv 4. tšamašəwit \xe 'they talked to me.' \xv 5. tsasəwus \xe 'he talks to him.' \xv 6. hukašəwił \xe 'I am going to talk to you.' \xv 7. hukasəwus \xe 'I am going to talk to him.' \xv 8. ksuyasəwił \xe 'I want to talk with you' ; 'I would talk with you.' \xv 9. kasəwus heʔisalitəq \xe 'I said it right to his face.' \xv 10. lašwelexšpiyit ʔan mušašəwit \xe 'the man went by and did not answer me.' \xv 11. kanawa štšhoho ʔisasəwus loʔkaʔałwə \xe 'when he finished speaking to the sleeping one...' \xv 12. simuamasəwus, ʔan mušałhaš \xe 'if they speak with him, he does not talk.' \xv 13. ksuyasəwus losixʔanwa \xe 'I want to talk to that woman' ; 'I would talk to that woman.' \xv 14. laškəkʰkəkš, musʔił lulasəwus \xe 'it lived alone, did not have anyone to speak with, did not have anyone to talk with.' \xv 15. kikakasəwsəwus saʔališpiwetš šaʔałhaputš, ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'and I asked a butcher (or rather was talking with a butcher) and he said to me,' \sd verbs \sd language \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.437.3-4, 445.2-447.1; Travels7 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ašəwšəw \a asəwsəw \ps vt \ge speak to.REDUP \ge speak with.REDUP \de to speak to.REDUP; to speak with.REDUP \cf ašəw \ce to speak to; to speak with \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aškululutš \a askululutš \va (askululutš) \ps v \ge crash and hiss \de to crash and hiss \ee This is said of the sound of waves crashing. Refers to any sound made by waves of shore, splatters, hisses and slaps. \sy astəməmə \xv 1. tšaskululutš losiikmen \xe 'the waves make noise.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd water \sd language \lg JPH \rf 81.31.4; 89.448.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aškʔamam \cf askʔam̓am \ce to chew \sd variations \dt 26/Feb/2011 \lx ašnaʔał \ps v \ge incapacitate \ge disable \de to incapacitate; to disable \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. laʔkʰan ʔi tsamuštʔewè loʔištelèq kapaxàt kikamušašnaʔàł \xe 'when you spear a whale in the tail, it is incapacitated.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.903.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ašnəm \cf ʔašnəm \ce when \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aštəwəkš \a aštəwə̀kš \ps v \ge green, be \de to be green \mr ?[] \cf ʔalaštəwəkš \ce green; smth green; type of rock that has healing properties used by older people or herbalists \cf uwaštəwəkš \ce to be blue \xv 1. tšaštəwəkš \xe 'it is green.' \xv 2. neʔešaštəwəkš heʔistawayək, loʔišupšup \xe 'the fields, the mountain range, are already green.' \xv 3. mukasiyʔap ʔiti tsiyət tsinawa šastəwəkš šitaštaʔaš \xe 'they (the wild geese) do not live here all the time, they come in the time when the grass is green.' \xv 4. munašipšəł \xe 'it is not ripe yet' (said of fruit). \xv 5. ʔalaštəwəkʰš \xe 'something green.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd colors \lg JPH \rf 89.450.3-451.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ašulap \ps vt \ge invite \de to invite \mr [] \cf ʔap \ce house; living place \xv 1. tšašulapit sukišʔuwlilo \xe 'he invited me to eat.' \xv 2. kašulapił kihukišnaʔał lokakʔap kihukišʔuwlilo \xe 'I invited you to my house to eat with me.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manners \lg JPH \rf 89.452.1; 92.187.1 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ašunatš \cf ašʰunatš \ce to command (as when part of one’s job) \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ašʰunatš \a ašunatš \va (ašunatš) \ps v \ge command (as when part of one’s job) \de to command (as when part of one’s job) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalašʰunatš \pde commander \cf asʰuna \ce to command smn \xv 1. no ʔan kašʰunatš \xe 'I command.' \xv 2. lokawot kalašʰunatš \xe 'the captain commands.' \xv 3. tsalaxsumu heʔismaʔam lokaʔalašʰunatš ponsio pilato \xe 'suffered under the power of Poncius Pilate.' \xv 4. ušiqom lokašašʰunatš lyos kiloka santa ʔilesya kilokakiyuštʔeymu hesikiyiliklikʔe \xe 'keep the Commandments of the Law of God and of the holy Church and the obligations of ours[?have] been.' \sd verbs \sd government \sd culture \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.447.3; 92.191.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ataqmu \ps v \ge zealous, be \de to be zealous \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalataqmu \pde to be zealous.NZ \xv 1. ʔalataqmu \xe 'he is zealous.' \xv 2. ʔalataqmu \xe 'zealot' ('in the general sense' Harrington notes this form can not take the first person subject). \sd emotions \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.140.2, 172.3, 452.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx atatiš \ps v \ge love, be in.REDUP \de to be in love.REDUP \cf ʔatiš \ce to be in love \sd reduplications \dt 26/Feb/2011 \lx ataxatš \ps v \ge man, be (a) \de to be (a) man \mr ?[] \cf ʔatʔaxatš \ce man; boy; young man \cf ʔax \ce bow \xv 1. kipataxatš \xe 'you are man.' \lg JPH, KO \rf 72.210.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx atis \cf ʔatiš \ce to be in love \sd variations \dt 26/Oct/2011 \lx atiš \ps v \ge apart, be \de to be apart \xv 1. tšišnowo kašnehet loʔkapakeʔet kaʔapətəš ʔišišatiš \xe 'they stood about a pace apart.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Greetings3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx atʔam \ps v \ge wade along \de to wade along \cf ʔatʔamli \ce to go along a stream; to wade \xv 1. katʔamli \xe 'I wade along the canyon in the water' ; 'I wade up a ditch full of water.' \xv 2. latšə ʔisatʔamli \xe 'it wades all the time.' \xv 3. ʔalatʔamli \xe 'wader.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd manner \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH \rf 89.458.4-459.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx atskaw \ps v \ge meet with accident \ge meet with an incident (good or bad) \de to meet with an accident; to meet with an incident (good or bad) \ee Possible relationship with ͽkaw̓ ‘left (direction); to be left (direction).’ \cf ʔałtipatskaw \ce sinner \cf ʔatškawəš \ce mistake; sin \cf atškawš \ce to happen \cf satskaw \ce to earn/get \cf uxnatskaw \ce to make a mistake; to make an error \xv 1. katskaw \xe 'I met with an accident.' \xv 2. kiwə musʔił tsatskaw \xe 'because she had no luck.' \xv 3. ʔatškawəš \xe 'a sin.' \xv 4. ʔip lokapatskaw ! \xe 'confess your sins!' \xv 5. tšatškawš \xe 'it happened.' \xv 6. tsatskaw lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man met with an accident.' \xv 7. xilikšaši ʔapatskaw \xe 'take care of yourself lest you meet with an accident.' \xv 8. kakanaʔaʔay ʔan hupšaqškutałputš sipatsatsakaʔaw, kumpisał yəlaʔa, hupuxninikʔəyi, hupsuyeqweł šiwašətš \xe 'you consider first your sins, confess with repentance all the mortal sins and intend to make amends.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd religion \lg JPH \rf 89.464.4-469.4; 92.208.1; Daughter50 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx atsʔəməmə \ps v \ge shut one's mouth \ge close one's mouth \de to shut one's mouth; to close one's mouth \mr [] \cf ʔəmə \ce to be mute \xv 1. tsatsʔəməmə lokaʔalaqutsʔum \xe 'the clam closed its shell.' \xv 2. kikałwašətš supatsʔəməmə \xe 'it's good to keep your mouth shut' (so the gnats will not enter). \sd body \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 91.647.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -atš \cf -Vtš \ce property verbalizing suffix \sd variations \dt 18/Apr/2011 \lx atškawš \ps v \ge happen \de to happen \ee This may refer to the happening of something good or bad. Harrington notes that this word is different entirely from the word ͽatskaw ‘to meet with an accident’ \mr [] \cf atskaw \ce to meet with an accident; to meet with an incident (good or bad) \xv 1. tšatškawš \xe 'it happened (good or bad).' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.469.4-470.1; 90.23.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx atšʔatš \cf ʔaʔtšʔatš \ce magpie \sd variations \dt 08/Jul/2012 \lx awəy \a awə́y \a awə \ps v \ge roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers) \ge fry/roast (said of cooking done on embers) \de to roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers) \et *-wi- \ec Compare BOI ʼaw̓in ‘to boil,’ INZ ʼaw̓in ‘to boil,’ OBI kiwisi ⁓ kisiwi ‘to boil’ (Klar 1977: 70-71) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv awəš \pde to roast/fry (said of cooking done on embers).IPFV \cf ʔawəyəš \ce roast meat \cf ʔuqtʔawəyəš \ce tortilla cooked on comal; smth baked on comal \cf uqtʔawəš \ce to roast on top of coals \cf uqtʔawəy \ce to cook (tortillas) on a comal; to cook (tortillas) on top of coals \cf uqtʔawəyəʔəš \ce soapstone slab used for cooking torillas or toasting grains \xv 1. kihusawəy heʔišpeqenutš \xe 'so that she could roast them on the hot coals.' \xv 2. hukawəy hešaʔałhaputš ʔiti ʔišpeqʔenutš \xe 'I am going to roast the meat here on top of the coals.' \xv 3. hukawey \xe 'I am going to roast a piece of meat here in the embers.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd common \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.471.3-472.2; WeirB 8 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx awit \ps v \ge care for \de to care for \cf ʔałʔalawitš \ce caretaker; smn who cares for others \xv 1. no ʔan kawit hesikʔitšʔitš \xe 'I am looking after my younger brother.' \xv 2. kʔalawitš \xe 'I am looking after (smn)' ; 'I am caring for (smn).' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.173, 476.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ax- \hm 1 \cf aq-1 \ce with the mouth \sd variations \dt 26/May/2011 \lx ax- \hm 2 \cf aq-2 \ce formative verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 30/May/2011 \lx axakš \ps vt \ge give (generally said of food) \de to give (generally said of food) \ee Harrington notes that this verb was generally used of giving food. \mr [] \cf ikš \ce to give; to hand to \xv 1. axakšit ! \xe 'please give me!' \xv 2. axakšit tsipʰin ʔałmówho ! \xe 'give me some of your candy!' \xv 3. neʔektʔoloq, axakšit lopalʔuw ! \xe 'I am hungry, give me what you have to eat!' \xv 4. axakšit fósforo ! \xe 'give me a match !' \xv 5. no ʔan kaxakšił pakeʔet sipesu \xe 'I gave you a dollar.' \xv 6. no ʔan kikšił pakeʔet sipesu \xe 'I gave you a dollar.' \xv 7. tšaxakšit suluw (Ϟor sulamuw) \xe 'he gave me something to eat.' \xv 8. ʔəhə sulamuw (Ϟor sulamʔuw) \xe 'there is a lot of food.' \xv 9. axakšit ʔapʔuxštu ! ʔaloxmoy \xe 'give me some of your food! lest you become deaf, stingy one' (belief commonly held). \sd food \sd culture \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.341.1, 352.2-354.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axapət \ps v \ge shinny up \de to shinny up \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. hukaxapət sipon̓ \xe 'I am going to shinny up a tree.' \xv 2. tsaxapət sipon̓ (Ϟor tsapəti sipon̓) \xe 'he is climbing a tree.' \xv 3. kanayusaxtapət ʔiti šaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'it is the first time that he tread on the ground of this earth' (old idiom said of a stranger arriving at a place). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd idioms \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.355.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axatšəš \ps v \ge go about with a bow \de to go about with a bow \mr [<ʔax- (bow) + -Vtš (ϡvz.propϡ) + -Vš (ϡreslϡ)>] \cf ʔax \ce bow \xv 1. siqunqunup ʔan tšiyaxatšəš ʔiyalisitsʔa \xe 'the boys go about with bows, playing.' \sd archery \sd hunting \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.356.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axaxsəw \ps v \ge dry, be.REDUP \de to be dry.REDUP \cf axsəw \ce to be dry \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axaxskʔəy \ps v \ge creak (as a tree makes).REDUP \de to creak (as a tree makes).REDUP \cf axskʔəy \ce to creak (as a tree makes) \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axaxʔunimay \ps v \ge deceive.REDUP \ge fool.REDUP \ge cheat.REDUP \de to deceive.REDUP; to fool.REDUP; to cheat.REDUP \cf axʔunimay \ce to deceive; to fool; to cheat \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axəš \ps n \ge sister-in-law (wife’s sister after one’s wife dies) \de sister-in-law (wife’s sister after one’s wife dies) \cf ištanim̓u \ce sister-in-law (nine days of mourning after death of one’s wife) \cf xəš \ce sister-in-law \xv 1. kaxəš \xe 'my sister-in-law.' \sd affinal \sd kinship \lg JPH \rf 72.283.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axi- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.punctual \de of punctual action; of action done in instances \ee For INZ, Applegate (1972: 335) consideres ͽaxi to be two separate prefixes: ͽaq /ͽax meaning ‘quickly,’ and axi meaning ‘punctual.’ For BOI, Beeler glosses ͽaxi- as ‘to happen so and so many times’ (Beeler 1978: 173) (though this does not necessarily exclude the interpretation of two affixes). Glossed as INSTR.punctual. \cf ʔałʔalaxipetš \ce carpenter \cf ʔałʔalaxiyepš \ce doctor \cf ʔaxiwił \ce dance ground \cf alaxinaʔał \ce dancer \cf aqitsʔətsʔə \ce to sharpen a point on \cf aqipkʔes \ce to open outwards (as is said of hatching eggs) \cf aqiwəwə \ce to swim \cf aqiwohotš \ce to be dizzy \cf axapət \ce to shinny up \cf axiʔik \ce to touch lightly \cf axikowowo \ce to move quickly while on one’s side \cf aximasəx \ce to do/happen thrice \cf axinaʔał \ce to dance \cf axinowo \ce to move quickly while vertical \cf axipakeʔet \ce to do once \cf axiteqpey \ce to (keep) attach(ing) to ; to be stuck to \cf axitowš \ce to fight together of a sudden \cf axitu \ce to do/happen again \cf axitskumu \ce to repeat four times \cf axixe \ce to be worn down; to be used \cf ?axkitwo \ce ?to run out \cf iwaxikpi \ce to touch smth on (smth else) \cf saxiʔik \ce ?to cause to touch lightly \cf saximasəx \ce to do/happen three times \cf saxinaʔał \ce to make dance \cf saxinowo \ce to place vertically by ramming into the ground \cf saxipakeʔet \ce to do/happen once \cf saxitu \ce to do/happen twice \cf saxixe \ce to wear down \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axiʔik \ps v \ge touch lightly \de to touch lightly \ee Harrington's speaker used the verb ͽiwaxiʔik to describe this action. However, ͽaxiʔik must have been sufficiently common to warrant its entry as a real word. \mr [] \cf saxiʔik \ce ?to cause to touch lightly \xv 1. kaxiʔik \xe 'I just touch or graze [a part of my body up against a thing].' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxiʔik lokasiya \xe 'I just grazed against a chair.' \xv 3. ksaxiʔik hesikpo \xe 'I feel of my cheek' (to see where to shave). \xv 4. no ʔan kiwaxiʔik hesikšipuk hesilamesa \xe 'I hold my elbow so that it just touches the table, I just touch it against some paper here hanging over the edge of the table, do not push it.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.357.4-358.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axikəhə \rd axixikəhə \a axikəhən \va (axikəhən-) \ps vt \ge near, be \de to be near \gn estar cerca \gn cerca, estar \dn estar cerca \sy kaneʔeʔe \cf axixikəhə \ce to approach \xv 1. tsaxikəhənus \xe 'it is near to it.' \xv 2. tsaxikəhənit \xe 'it is near to me.' \xv 3. neʔesaxikəhə lokamaxatʔaməš \xe 'he has already come today from San Miguel.' \xv 4. neʔe siyaxikəhə́, hušišušełxénwu \xe 'the enemies are near and they (the men in ambush) are going to kill everyone of them to the last man.' \xv 5. salaxikəhənus santa barbara \xe 'near Santa Barbara.' \xv 6. tsaxikəhənus lokaxəp \xe 'it is near the rock.' \xv 7. kasališkomini ʔisqawawa ʔan tsaxikəhənus heʔistiwis \xe 'and he has two more fins near his anus.' \xv 8. lokasʔap ʔan tsaxikəhənuʔušwaš suʔutʔam \xe 'the house was near the river.' \xv 9. neʔemusaxikəhənus \xe 'now it is no longer near.' \xv 10. neʔesaxikəhənus lokašʔapʰanəšmu lokaskoko \xe 'she was already drawing near to the ranchería of her father.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd locations \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.361.3-363.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axikowowo \ps v \ge move quickly while on one’s side \de to move quickly while on one’s side \ee This is said of a person swimming on his side. \mr [] \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \xv 1. tsaxikowowo ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'he is swimming on his side.' \xv 2. kaxikowowo sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I swim on my side.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.364.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx aximasəx \ps v \ge do/happen thrice \ge happen/do thrice \de to do/happen thrice \mr [] \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \cf masəx \ce three \cf saximasəx \ce to do/happen three times \xv 1. kakaximasəx \xe 'I did it three times.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.364.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axinaʔał \a ʔaxinaʔàł \a axinaʔàł \ps v \ge dance \de to dance \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \cf alaxinaʔał \pdv ʔalaxinaʔał \pde dance.NZ \ce dancer \cf axinaləš \ce dance \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf saxinaʔał \ce to make dance \xv 1. tsiyaxinaʔał \xe 'they three are dancing.' \xv 2. hukaxinaʔał \xe 'I am going to dance.' \xv 3. huki luʔamaxinaʔał \xe 'what dance are they going to dance?' \xv 4. tsiyaxinaʔał sihaw \xe 'they are dancing the fox [dance].' \xv 5. saxinaʔał \xe 'he is dancing the [bear dance].' \xv 6. huʔamaxinaʔał \xe 'they are going to have a dance.' \xv 7. tsiyaxinaxinaʔał \xe 'they are dancing.' \xv 8. ʔalaxinaʔał \xe 'dancer.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.364.4-367.1; 90.119.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axinaləš \ps n \ge dance \de dance \mr [] \cf axinaʔał \ce to dance \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. ʔaxinaləš ʔi xus \xe 'bear dance.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd culture \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.367.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axinowo \ps v \ge move quickly while vertical \de to move quickly while vertical \mr [] \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf saxinowo \ce to place vertically by ramming into the ground \xv 1. kaxinowo sikaqiwəwə \xe 'I am swimming standing.' \xv 2. tsaxinowonli ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'he stands in the water (stands erect treading water).' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.367.368.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axipakeʔet \ps v \ge do once \ge once, do \de to do once \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \cf saxipakeʔet \ce to do/happen once \xv 1. lasaxipakeʔet \xe 'he did it only one time.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukapiʔiš hukaxipakeʔet \xe 'I am going to get wood; I am going to make one trip only.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.368.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axipe \ps v \ge carve \de to carve \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalaxipetš \ce carpenter \cf ʔaxipeneʔeš \ce instrument for carving \cf ʔaxipeneš \ce smth carved \cf axipenešpi \ce to carve with \xv 1. ksalaqwaʔaʔay sikaxipe \xe 'I work it well.' \xv 2. kaxipe sipon̓ \xe 'I work a board.' \xv 3. kaxipetš \xe 'I work.' \xv 4. hukaxipe sipon̓ \xe 'I am going to work/carve/cut a board.' \xv 5. kaxipe \xe 'I carve [a table].' \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.368.3-369.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axipenešpi \ps v \ge carve with \de to carve with \mr [] \cf axipe \ce to carve \xv 1. kaxipenešpi šimaqš \xe 'I am carving with a piece of flint.' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.370.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axipʰuyutš \ps v \ge worn down (piece of soap), be (a) \de to be (a) worn down (of soap) \ee This word is not stricktly reserved for soap, though Harrington's speaker never heard it used of anything except soap. \mr [] \xv 1. tsaxipʰuyutš sixawon \xe 'it is a worn piece of soap.' \xv 2. ksunuwus ʔisaxipʰuyutš sixawon \xe 'I used a (worn down) piece of soap.' \xv 3. no ʔan kaxipʰuyutš \xe 'I am a used up/worn out thing.' \xv 4. tsaxipʰuyutš, neʔesaxipʰuyutš \xe 'the soap is worn down; it is already worn down to a little cake.' \xv 5. pakeʔet ʔisaxipʰuyutš sixawon \xe 'a little worn down piece of soap.' \xv 6. kʰqisənwu ʔisaxipʰuyutš \xe 'I saw worn down ones.' \xv 7. kʰqisə ʔisaxipʰuyutš \xe 'I saw one worn down one.' \xv 8. pakeʔet ʔisaxipʰuyutš \xe 'a worn down thing.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.371.1-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axiqšihitš \ps v \ge eat at noon \ge have lunch \ge lunch, have \de to be noon; ?to be the south wind blowing \ee The phrase ͽkʔuwlilo can, by itself, also mean 'I eat lunch (dinner).' \mr [] \cf iqsihi \ce to be noon; ?to be the south wind blowing \xv 1. kaxiqšihitš (Ϟor kaxiqšihitš sikʔuwlilo) \xe 'I eat lunch (dinner).' \sd verbs \sd common \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.363.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axiteqpey \ps v \ge (keep) attach(ing) to \ge stuck to, be \de to (keep) attach(ing) to ; to be stuck to \mr [] \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. tsiyaxiteqpeyił \xe 'they go about and stick themselves on your back.' \xv 2. tsiyaxiteqpey lokapon̓ \xe 'they are stuck in the plank.' \xv 3. kʰan ʔisiqisə šaʔatʔaxatš tsiyuleqpeyus kisiyaxiteqpey heʔismət, kikasʰuxsuxniwu \xe 'when they see a man they follow after him and stick themselves all over his back, and he keeps chasing or frightening them off by waving his arms.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.373.3-374.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axitiyam \ps v \ge move down \ge sink down \de to move down; to sink down \ee The instrumental prefix ͽaxi- would seem to inindicate that this happens in increments. \mr [] \cf tiyam \ce to sink (down) \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. tsaxitiyam hesikpantalon \xe 'my pants are slipping down as I walk or work.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.374.2 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx axitowš \ps v \ge fight together of a sudden \de to fight together of a sudden \mr [] \cf towš \ce to fight \xv 1. tsiyaxitowš \xe (they were going along together happy and then) 'they got mad and fought.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.374.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axitu \ps v \ge happen/do again \ge do/happen again \de to do/happen again \mr [] \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \cf saxitu \ce to do/happen twice \xv 1. tsaxitu \xe 'he repeats a second time' (says a word or repeats a sentence over again). \xv 2. hukaxitù \xe 'I am going to repeat it.' \xv 3. tsaxitu ʔisipoxʔi lokamitəpə \xe 'she knocked twice.' \sd numbers \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.374.4-375.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axitskumu \ps v \ge repeat four times \de to repeat four times \mr [] \cf tskumu \ce four \xv 1. kaxitskumu \xe 'I repeat a word four times.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.375.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axitš \ps v \ge fight in war \de to fight in war \et *aqi/u \ec INZ axi-č ‘to fight,’ CRZ naml-exik ‘to fight,’ OBI s-equ (Klar 1977: 85) \cf ʔaxitšaʔaš \ce weapon (for war) \xv 1. tšamaxitš \xe 'they are warring.' \xv 2. tšiyaxitš \xe 'they three are shooting at each other in the war with arrows.' \xv 3. tšiyaxitš seʔemetšeš \xe 'the soldiers are fighting.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \lg JPH \rf 89.375.3-376.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axiwon \a axiwo \va (axiwo) \ps v \ge grunt \de to grunt \mr [] \cf iwon \ce to sound; to make chirping noises; to groan; to bray; to crow; to moo; to howl; to croak; to sing (said of birds) \xv 1. no ʔan kaxiwon \xe 'I make a grunting sound.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxiwo \xe 'I grunt' (as they do in the peon game). \sd language \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.378.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axiwotołkʔoy \ps v \ge dance around in a circle \de to dance around in a circle \mr [] \cf axiwotołkʔoyəʔəš \ce rapid whirling dance \cf wotołkʔoy \ce to whirl horizontally \xv 1. hukaxiwotołkʔoy \xe 'I am going to dance a dance that goes around in a circle.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.378.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axiwotołkʔoyəʔəš \ps n \ge rapid whirling dance \ge dance, rapid whirling \de rapid whirling dance \mr [] \cf axiwotołkʔoy \ce to dance around in a circle \cf wotołkʔoy \ce to whirl horizontally \sd verbs \sd motion \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.379.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axiwotoqloʔop \ps v \ge face up, be \de to be face up \mr [] \xv 1. tsaxiwotoqloʔop ʔisaqiwəwə \xe 'he swims mouth up.' \xv 2. tsxilapət kimuhuštapi soʔo heʔisʔək \xe 'he bends his head back so that the water will not enter his mouth.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.378.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axixe \ps v \ge worn down, be \ge used, be \de to be worn down; to be used \cf saxixe \ce to wear down \xv 1. tsaxixe \xe 'it is worn down' (said of sole of shoe, iron, anything). \xv 2. tšišaxixe \xe 'the two are worn.' \xv 3. tsaxixe hesimetati \xe 'this metate is worn smooth.' \xv 4. neʔesaxixe hekaksapatu \xe 'my shoe is worn out.' \xv 5. lokaplatu ʔan neʔesaxixe \xe 'the plate is already worn.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.371.4-373.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axixikəhə \ps v \ge approach \de to approach \gn acercarse \dn acercarse \mr [] \cf axikəhə \ce to be near \xv 1. tsaxixikəhənus lokamow \xe 'it sounds or resembles mow somewhat' (said of verb mowho, 'to be sweet'). \sd verbs \sd senses \sd motion \sd reduplications \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.373.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axiyam \ps v \ge run downhill \de to run downhill \mr [] \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kaxiyam \xe 'I ran downhill.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.379.2 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx axiyep \ps vt \ge cure \de to cure \mr [] \cf ʔałʔalaxiyepš \ce doctor \cf ʔaxiyeʔep \ce remedy; medicine \xv 1. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \xv 2. ʔałʔalaxiyepš \xe 'doctor.' \xv 3. kikasisaxiyepus heʔišyəwəš tsisʰunuwus šitaštaʔaš kaštə hamisar kašiyʔałhašəʔəš siyʔiyʔałnuna san fernando \xe 'and they cured her with an herb called hamisar in the san fernando language.' \sd medicine \sd religion \sd health \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.360.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axkat \ps n \ge leftovers \ge swill \de leftovers; swill \gn sobras \dn sobras \ee Harrington notes that this is said by the speaker of food he himself has left over. \mr [] \cf ʔaxkatəš \ce leftovers (smn else’s) \xv 1. mitʔi sikaxkat \xe 'I do not have much swill.' \xv 2. kəpə ʔan neʔemuksuyasinayiʔiy hałʔeqey, tsiyʔuw siksələyət, tšiyušxaxš hekakʰintaštaʔaš, musʔił hałkaxkat kimusʔił lukałyikuswu \xe 'I am not going to keep chickens any longer, they eat my seeds and scratch up my plants and I have no swill to give them.' \sd food \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.383.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axkik \ps v \ge gnaw \de to gnaw \mr [] \xv 1. tsaxkik losipon̓ \xe 'he gnaws the tree.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.383.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axkitwo \ps v \ge ?run out \de ?to run out \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ axkitwon ‘to come out fast’ (Applegate: 1972: 328) \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. kasyə́t saxkitwo \xe 'he ran' (lit., ?he came running). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH \rf Travels60 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx axkum \cf aqkum \ce to be full of food; to eat to satisfaction \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axlala \ps v \ge mouth of, be in the \de to be in the mouth of \ee This verb is used only of animals. \mr [] \cf axlalanitš \ce to have smth in one’s mouth; to be with smth in one’s mouth \cf saxlala \ce to hold in the mouth \xv 1. tsaxlala ʔisʰe lokaštəʔəniwaš \xe 'the dog has a bone in his mouth.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \sd stative \sd locations \lg JPH \rf 89.394.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axlalanitš \ps v \ge have smth in one's mouth \ge mouth, have smth in one's \de to have smth in one’s mouth; to be with smth in one’s mouth \mr [] \cf axlala \ce to be in the mouth of \cf poʔon \ce to put in one’s mouth; to hold in one’s mouth \xv 1. tšaxlalanitš \xe 'he has something in his mouth' (said of dog). \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.384.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axlap \ps v \ge enchant by singing \ge bewitch \de to enchant by singing; to bewitch \ee Does not refer exclusively or primarily to speech. Most likely refers to singing. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaxlapš \pde to enchant by singing.NZ; to bewitch.NZ \cf ʔalalaxlapš \ce enchanter; smn who enchants by singing \xv 1. tsaxlapus \xe 'he bewitches him.' \xv 2. tsamaxlapus \xe 'they are enchanting him.' \xv 3. tšaxlapš \xe 'he sings enchanting songs.' \xv 4. ʔalaxlapš \xe 'a man who sings certain enchanting songs.' \xv 5. ʔalalaxlapš \xe 'a man who knows echanting songs.' \xv 6. ʔiʔalaxlapš \xe 'the singers of enchanting songs.' \sd verbs \sd religion \sd culture \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.164; 385.1-.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axlele \ps v \ge squeak \de to squeak \ee May be a variant of exlele ‘to cry out.’ \mr [] \xv 1. tsaxlele kimiš \xe 'it squeaks and cries' (when you get hold of a rabbit). \sd verbs \sd language \sd animals \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.865.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axluk \ps v \ge miss \de to miss \ee This is said when one misses while aiming to hit a piaque ball with a shinney stick. \xv 1. no ʔan kaxluk \xe 'I missed the piaque ball when I made a strike at it with the shinney.' \sd verbs \sd gaming \lg JPH \rf 89.385.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axlupʔetš \ps v \ge eat acorn mush with the fingers \de to eat acorn mush with the fingers \ee Harrington’s speaker noted that this verb refers to this one act, though the speaker supposed that the verb could be used for eating atole de bellosa with a spoon. \cf ʔixpanəš \ce acorn \xv 1. kaxlupʔetš \xe 'I eat acorn mush with my fingers.' \xv 2. tšiyaxlupʔetš \xe 'they are eating mush with their fingers.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.386.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axmay \ps vt \ge trespass against \de to trespass against \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf suwaqmay \ce to reject; to want not \xv 1. kiseqenuswu lokaʔiʔalaxmayiyuw \xe 'our debtors.' \xv 2. kiseqeniyuw lokakiyaxmay, kašnehet kikə kiseqenuswu lokaʔiʔalaxmayiyuw \xe 'forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us.' \sd verbs \sd religion \sd neologisms \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.386.4-387.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axməkə \ps v \ge deep, be \de to be deep \ee Harrington notes that this not used of water; it is used of holes, pits, etc. \mr [] \cf məʔək \ce to be far; to be far away; to last \cf saxməkə \ce to make deep \xv 1. tsaxməkə \xe 'it is deep.' \xv 2. tsaxməkə ʔištəq \xe 'he has very deep eyes.' \xv 3. hukušpay hemišup ʔan huksaxməkə \xe 'I am going to make a deep hole in the ground.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.387.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axmoy \ps v \ge selfish, be \de to be selfish \xv 1. pʔalaxmoy \xe 'you selfish woman.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.387.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axmuš \ps v \ge praise \de to praise \cf ʔałtšuyaxmušʰaši \ce one who loves him/herself; one who praises him/herself \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv axmušʰaši \pde to praise.REFL.CPLV \xv 1. tšaxmušʰaši \xe 'he praises himself.' \xv 2. hukaxmušił \xe 'I am going to praise you.' \xv 3. hukaxmušʰaši \xe 'I am going to praise myself.' \xv 4. ʔałtšuyaxmušʰaši \xe 'he is a man who has self-love.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.267.1, 388.1 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx axnapay \ps v \ge expel from the mouth \ge vomit out \de to expel from the mouth; to vomit out \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \cf uxtšʔək \ce I. saliva; spit (inside mouth) II. to spit \xv 1. kaxnapay \xe 'I reject or let fall or spit out what I have in my mouth.' \xv 2. hukaxnapay \xe 'I spit it out' (stuff I have taken into my mouth and spit it out). \xv 3. loʔkapaxat ʔan tsaqʰləw̓ə̀ xeremias, masəx šiʔišaw̓ ištapi ʔismaʔàm kitštiyət loʔkapaxat heʔmilùkʰ kisaxnapày kaskitwò \xe 'the whale swallowed Jeremias, after three days passed the whale threw him up onto the shore and went away.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.925.1; 89.388.3-4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx axneqpey \ps vt \ge resemble (in smell) \de to resemble (in smell) \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \xv 1. hešitaštaʔaš ʔan tšuxš tsaxneqpeyus lokašow \xe 'this plant smells like tobacco.' \sd senses \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.389.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axnipaxat \ps v \ge resemble a whale \ge whale, resemble a \de to resemble a whale \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf paxat \ce whale \xv 1. tsaxnipaxat \xe 'it resembles a whale' (but is not). \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.389.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axnipkʔəš \ps v \ge sour, be \de to be sour \mr [] \sy axpəy \cf aqni \ce to resemble \xv 1. tšaxnipkʔəš \xe 'it is sour or acidic like a lemon.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd stative \sd senses \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.390.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axniskʔaya \cf aqniskʔaya \ce to spoil; to sour (as with food gone bad); to be sour; to be tart; to be bitter; to be disagreeable \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axnitipo \ps v \ge taste salty \ge salty, taste \ge taste like salt \ge salt, taste like \de to taste like salt; to taste salty \ee This may be a diminuitve form of the verb. \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf tip \ce salt \cf tipo \ce to be salty \xv 1. tsaxnitipo \xe 'it is not very salty; it tastes like salt.' \sd food \sd senses \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.391.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axnitʔołkoy \cf aqnitʔołkoy \ce to be situated with the head cocked (listening); to listen \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axniwašəši \ps v \ge indifferent, be \de to be indifferent \mr ?[] \xv 1. kaxniwašəši \xe 'I am indifferent' ; 'I do not care what happens.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.392.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axnixułtsʔəyə \cf aqnixułtsʔəyə \ce to be sick in the stomach \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axpak \ps v \ge stingy, be \de to be stingy \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaxpak \pde to be stingy.NZ \xv 1. tsaxpak \xe 'he is stingy.' \xv 2. ʔalaxpak \xe 'stingy person.' \xv 3. wašəʔəʔətš lokaxʔanwa, kʔuwe musʔił ʔałkuwiłpi kiwa ʔałniwonla kahe ʔalaxpak \xe 'she was a good looking woman, but her beauty did not become her for she was lazy and stingy.' \xv 4. no ʔan kaxpak soʔo \xe 'I am stingy with water.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd emotions \sd academics \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.973.1; 89.392.2-392.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axpəy \ps v \ge sour, be \de to be sour \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaxpəy \pde to be sour.NZ \sy axnipkʔəš \xv 1. tsaxpəy \xe 'it is sour.' \xv 2. ʔalaxpəy \xe 'smth sour.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd senses \sd descriptions \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.395.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axsayay \ps v \ge ?perform a certain type of magic with stones \de ?to perform a certain type of magic with stones \cf ʔalaxsayay \ce quartz (as used in shamanistic rituals) \sd verbs \sd mythology \sd religion \sd culture \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.164.4, 395.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axsayaya \cf ʔalaxsayay \ce quartz (as used in shamanistic rituals) \sd variations \dt 27/Apr/2011 \lx axsəʔəʔəw \ps v \ge dry, be.REDUP \de to be dry.REDUP \cf axsəw \ce to be dry \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axsəw \rd axaxsəw \rd axsəʔəʔəw \ps v \ge dry, be \de to be dry \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaxsəw \pde to be dry.NZ \cf apaxsəw \ce to dry by heat \cf sapaxsəw \ce to dry smth with heat \cf saxsəw \ce to make dry \xv 1. kayusaxsəw \xe 'now the flower is about to dry' (it is withering). \xv 2. sinawa saxsəw lokaspuyhu \xe 'when the dew is dry.' \xv 3. pakeʔet šaʔatʔaxatš ʔan munasaxsəw \xe 'one [bather] is not yet dry.' \xv 4. tsaxsəw lokaʔatoli (Ϟor tsaxsəwit lokaʔatoli) \xe 'the atole makes me dry.' \xv 5. tsaxsəw hesikʔək, musʔił kuxtšʔək \xe 'my mouth is dry, there is no saliva.' \xv 6. tsaxsəw hesikʔelew \xe 'my tongue is dry.' \xv 7. neʔesaxsəw (Ϟor neʔesaxaxsəw) lokakʔuwmu \xe 'my food is drying up.' \xv 8. kawašəʔəʔətš saxsəw yəlaʔa lokoʔo \xe 'and it was so, all the springs dried up.' \xv 9. hesimuwu šaʔalaxsəw siqasqas \xe 'the dry sand of the beach.' \xv 10. losaʔalaxsəw šimišup \xe 'dry land.' \xv 11. neʔesaxsəw sikišnuxš \xe 'my mucous is like dry pokers in my nose.' \xv 12. ʔalaxsəw \xe 'something dry.' \xv 13. neʔekayusaxsəw heʔišolop \xe 'this mud is drying.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.395.3-398.3; Travels34 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axsił \a axšil \va (axšil-) \ps v \ge bite \de to bite \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv axšiłtšaši \pde to bite.REFL.CPLV \cf ʔaxsił \ce bite \cf ʔaxšilaʔaš \ce fangs \cf saxsił \ce to cause to bite; to catch \cf šaxšiʔiłtš \ce to fish (from anywhere) \cf šaxšilaʔaš \ce fishhook \xv 1. kʰan simušaxšiłtšaši \xe 'it doesn't bite itself.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxsił \xe 'I bite.' \xv 3. tsaxšił sixšap \xe 'a rattlesnake bit him.' \xv 4. tšiyaxšiłtšaši \xe 'they bite each other.' \xv 5. tsxmatata lokašaxšilutš \xe 'it is bumpy where it bit him.' \xv 6. tsiteqpey, musaxił lasteqpey \xe 'they stick on, it does not bite, it just sticks on.' \xv 7. hukʰšaxšiʔiłtš səʔəwə̀k \xe 'I am going to fish mojarra.' \xv 8. tsaxsił səʔəwə̀k \xe 'a mojarra bit' ; 'I had a bite.' \xv 9. lokaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš ʔan latšə ʔisiaxsiłwuʔu \xe 'the men catch the fish all the time.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.398.4-400.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx axsis \ps v \ge eat dry powder \de to eat dry powder \mr [] \xv 1. hukaxsis \xe 'I am going to eat pinole dry' (taking a handful of the dry toasted meal and put in my mouth). \xv 2. hukaxsis \xe 'I am going to eat dry powder.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.400.4-401.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axskumu \cf axškumu \ce to be lost; to be stray \sd variations \dt 27/Apr/2011 \lx axskʔəy \rd axaxskʔəy \ps v \ge creak (as a tree makes) \de to creak (as a tree makes) \cf šutaxšəkʔə \ce to frighten; to scare suddenly \cf utaxšəkʔə \ce to be frightened; to be startled; to start \xv 1. lokašiwontštəʔəš kaʔanatʔamam ʔan tseqpeyus lokasaxaxskʔəy kapon̓, tsuweqpeyus šaʔałmiš \xe 'the raccoon's sound resembles the squeeking of a tree, resembles crying.' \sd plants \sd language \sd verbs \rf 89.401.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axspaqʔaq \ps v \ge scattered, be \de to be scattered \mr [] \cf saxspaqʔaq \ce to scatter smth \xv 1. tšiyaxspaqʔaq \xe 'the stones are scattered, are not in any regular arrangement.' \sd verbs \sd position \sd stative \lg JPH; JPH \rf 89.401.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axsuhuyuk \cf axsuyuhuk \ce to be refreshed \sd variations \dt 21/Feb/2011 \lx axsus \ps vt \ge desire \de to desire \xv 1. no ʔan kaxsusus sixəp \xe 'I desire a stone.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxsususwu sixəp \xe 'I desire two stones.' \xv 3. tsaxsusit \xe 'he desires me.' \xv 4. mupaxsusus lokašʰatiwə hałʔatʔaxatš kałkaneʔeʔe kasʔap \xe 'you shall not desire your neighbor's wife.' \xv 5. mupaxsususwu lokahinhinaʔaš siyʔałmukapʰin \xe ' do not desire things belonging to others.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \lg JPH \rf 89.402.3-403.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axsuyuhuk \a axsuhuyuk \va (axsuhuyuk) \ps v \ge refreshed, be \de to be refreshed \xv 1. neʔekaxsuhuyuk \xe (the heat of a hot day passes from my body) 'I feel cool and fresh again' (by staying a while in the shade, not working so hard, a wind springing up, etc.). \xv 2. neʔekaxsuyuhuk \xe 'I am refreshed.' \sd stative \sd senses \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.402.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axšə \ps v \ge ?guard \ge ?keep \de ?to guard; ?to keep \cf ʔaxšəyəšmu \ce larder; keep \cf axšəyəʔəš \ce ?to store smth \xv 1. ʔaxšəyəšmu \xe 'place where they guard/keep provisions.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.402.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axšəš \ps v \ge call \de to call \gn llamar \dn llamar \cf tə \ce I. name II. to be called; to be called by name; to name \xv 1. no ʔan kaxšəš \xe 'I call him.' \xv 2. hukaxšəš lokakʔaliwə \xe 'I am going to call my brother.' \xv 3. hukiyaxšəš lokakiyʔaliwə \xe 'we are going to call our brother.' \xv 4. lokaʔəqəy ʔan tšaxšəšwu lokaštałtałhəʔəw \xe 'the hen calls her chicks to her.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.402.4-406.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axšəyəʔəš \ps v \ge ?store smth \de ?to store smth \mr ?[] \cf ʔaxšəyəšmu \ce larder; keep \cf axšə \ce ?to guard; ?to keep \xv 1. kašnikʔoliní loʔkašʔaxšəyəšmu ki šaxšəyəʔəš loʔkastsux \xe 'and he returned to his larder, and he stored his headdress.' \sd verbs \sd places \lg TJPH \rf Roadrunner112/69.1092.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx axšikuy \ps v \ge go to a traditional fiesta \de to go to a traditional fiesta \mr [] \cf ikuy \ce to roast in embers \xv 1. ʔiyʔalaxšikuy \xe 'they went to the fiesta' ; 'they are going to one of the big fiestas such as the Indians here used to have.' \xv 2. hukiyaxšikuy \xe 'let's go to a fiesta.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd culture \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.165.4, 405.4-406.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axšikuyo \cf aqšikuyo \ce to order smn to do smth \sd variations \dt 03/Aug/2018 \lx axšił \cf axsił \ce to bite \sd variations \dt 10/Jan/2012 \lx axšinałnaʔał \ps v \ge wander \de to wander \ee This is said of how one without a home would do. \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \xv 1. no ʔan kaxšinałnaʔał \xe 'he wanders around aimlessly like a tramp.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.406.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axšinapi \cf axšin̓api \ce container \sd variations \dt 10/Jan/2012 \lx axšin̓api \a axšinapi \ps n \ge container \de container \xv 1. ka salaqwaʔày kaʔloʔkaswałnəhə́ kaʔloʔkašaxšin̓api ka šow \xe 'he adjusted both his firesticks and his tobacco tubes.' \xv 2. lokaʔaxšínapi ʔan tšiqipš \xe 'the trunk is full.' \sd household \lg TJPH \rf 89.79.1; Travels58 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx axškumu \a axskumu \va (axskumu) \ps v \ge lost, be \ge stray, be \de to be lost; to be stray \mr [] \cf ʔalaxškumu \ce land snail species \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \xv 1. lokaštəʔəniwaš ʔan tšaxskumu \xe 'the dog got lost.' \xv 2. tsaxskumu hesʔištəʔəniwaš \xe 'this dog strays.' \xv 3. pyikus hałhuspełwe lokaʔalaxtskumu \xe 'thou shalt give a sleeping place to the wanderer.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd stative \sd motion \rf 89.406.4-407.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axštuš \ps v \ge graze \de to graze \ee It is unclear how this verb differs from ͽaxštušaš. \cf axštušaš \ce to graze; to eat grass \xv 1. no ʔan hukaxštušaš \xe 'I am going to eat grass.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukaxštuš hešitaštaʔaš \xe 'I am going to eat this hay.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.407.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx axštušaš \ps v \ge graze \ge eat grass \de to graze; to eat grass \ee It is unclear how this verb differs from ͽaxštuš. \cf axštuš \ce to graze \xv 1. tšaxštušaš \xe '[the horse] is eating grass.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukaxštušaš \xe 'I am going to eat grass.' \xv 3. no ʔan hukaxštuš hešitaštaʔaš \xe 'I am going to eat this hay.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 89.407.3 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx axta- \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge quickly \ge INSTR.quickly \de quickly \ee Harrington notes that this prefix shows quick motion. Glossed as INSTR.quickly. \cf ʔalaxtaqimayə \ce prairie dog \cf axtałhəwli \ce to move quickly across the slope of a hill \cf axtałpinli \ce to run along the ocean shore \cf axtapət \ce to set foot on \cf axtaqimayə \ce to set out in the evening \cf axtawasə \ce to think of; to reflect on \cf axtawašətš \ce to be the truth \cf axtaxʔuyi \ce to come to after a faint \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 84.5.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axta- \hm 2 \ps vpre \cf aqta- \ce by air; through the air \sd variations \dt 28/Jun/2018 \lx axtaʔak \ps v \ge roast on top of coals (as was done to certain shellfish) \de to roast on top of coals (as was done to certain shellfish) \sy šipšəł \cf ʔaxtakəš \ce smth roasted on top of coals \xv 1. kaxtaʔak sitʔo \xe 'I roast mussels on top of coals.' \sd food \sd heat \sd verbs \sd manner \sd shellfish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.408.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtałhəwli \ps v \ge move quickly across the slope of a hill \de to move quickly across the slope of a hill \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv axtałhəwlintiʔiy \pde to move quickly across the slope of a hill.CIS \cf ałhəwli \ce to move across a slope \cf wayałhəwli \ce to move across a slope slowly \xv 1. tsaxtałhəwli \xe 'he goes across the slope of a hill.' \sd motion \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.409.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axtałpinli \ps v \ge run along the ocean shore \ge along the ocean shore, run \de to run along the ocean shore \mr [] \cf ałpinli \ce to go along the beach/shore \xv 1. kaxtałpinli \xe 'I went along all the shore of the sea running.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd ocean \sd locations \sd path \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.410.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axtanikʔoyi \ps v \ge revive \ge come to after a faint \de to revive; to come to after a faint \mr [] \sy axtaxʔuyi \cf ixmay \ce to cause to faint \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \xv 1. no ʔan hukaxtanikʔoyi \xe 'I came to myself after a faint.' \xv 2. kʰkinanikʔoyi \xe 'I died and was dead for several hours and came to myself again.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.410.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axtapa \ps v \ge eat raw \de to eat raw \mr [] \xv 1. lakaxtapa \xe 'I ate it raw.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.410.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axtapət \ps v \ge set foot on \de to set foot on \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \xv 1. kanayusaxtapət ʔiti šaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'it is the first time that they set foot on the soil of this land.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.411.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtaqimayə \ps v \ge set out in the evening \de to set out in the evening \mr [] \ee May be a variant of aqtaqimayə ‘to be dusk; ?to go out at dusk.’ \cf ʔalaxtaqimayə \ce prairie dog \cf aqtaqimayə \ce to be dusk; ?to go out at dusk \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf mayə \ce to be evening; to get dark on smn; ?to be the west wind blowing \xv 1. hukaxtaqimayə \xe 'I am going to go out in the evening' (not night). \xv 2. no ʔan kaxtaqimayə \xe 'I go out in the evening.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.408.3-409.1 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx axtatʔa \ps v \ge bite on (without biting into) \de to bite on (without biting into) \mr [] \xv 1. kaxtatʔa \xe 'I bite all along my handkerchief.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.411.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axtawaq \mr [] \cf extełhew \ce wind (kind) \se I \ps n \ge north wind \de north wind \xv 1. kaaxtawaq \xe 'the north wind.' \se II \ps v \ge north wind blowing, be the \ge wind blowing, be the north \de to be the north wind blowing \xv 1. tsaxtawaq \xe 'the north wind is blowing' (down the avenue). \sd verbs \sd meteorology \lg JPH \rf 89.412.2-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axtawasə \ps v \ge think of \ge reflect on \de to think of; to reflect on \mr [] \cf axtawašətš \ce to be the truth \xv 1. kaxtawasə \xe 'I reflect on something.' \xv 2. kasiyaxtawasə yəlaʔa loʔkałʔiyaqtiqisə ʔan ʔalixwáp \xe 'and they thought of all those who came to see who was burned.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.1102.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtawašətš \ps v \ge truth, be the \de to be the truth \mr [] \cf ʔałtšaxtawašətš \ce true one \cf saxtawasə \ce to speak the truth \cf wašətš \ce to be good; to be pretty; to be well \xv 1. no ʔan ksaxtawasə \xe 'I speak the truth.' \xv 2. lokakoko kaʔałtsaxtawašətš \xe 'the true father.' \xv 3. lokapałhaš ʔan tšaxtawašətš \xe 'what you said is true.' \xv 4. ʔalaxtawašətš \xe 'the truth.' \xv 5. tšaxtawašətš ʔan malawa \xe 'the truths which are eight (in number).' \sd stative \sd emotions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.413.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axtawaya \a axtawayà \ps v \ge breeze, be in the \ge float in the breeze \de to be in the breeze; to float in the breeze \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. kaxtawaya \xe 'I go flying' ; 'I go in the air.' \xv 2. tsaxtawaya \xe 'it flies or floats in the air.' \xv 3. kəwə tsaxtawaya \xe 'for there is a breeze there' ; 'it is fresh with air moving.' \xv 4. ʔiti ʔan tsaxtawaya \xe 'here it is fresh.' \sd meteorology \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.411.4-412.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtaxʔuyi \ps v \ge come to after a faint \de to come to after a faint \mr [] \sy axtanikʔoyi \cf ixmay \ce to cause to faint \xv 1. no ʔan hukaxtaxʔuyi (Ϟor no ʔan hukaxtanikʔoyi) \xe 'I came to after fainting.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.411.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axtəʔəp \ps v \ge poke \ge stoke \ge build a fire \de to poke; to stoke; to build a fire \xv 1. hukaxtəʔəp sipon̓ \xe 'I stoke a piece of wood.' \xv 2. lakʰan ʔisʔəhə saʔaxunpes ʔan hukiyaxtəʔəp hemaʔam, hukisitowitš kikaypi kimuhusitapi \xe 'when there are lots of mosquitoes they build a fire indoors and make a smoke so that they won’t enter.' \sd verbs \sd tools \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 89.414.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtəməmə \ps n \ge buzz \de to buzz \ee This word can be used of a bee or fly. \mr [] \cf ʔaxtəməmənəʔəš \ce bullroarer \cf saxtəməmənəʔəš \ce bullroarer; buzzer \cf saxtəməmənətš \ce to make buzz \xv 1. no ʔan kaxtəməmə \xe 'I buzz.' \xv 2. tsaxtəməmə \xe 'he makes a buzzing sound' (with a bullroarer or something similar). \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.414.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axti- \cf aqti-1 \ce by drawing up; by absorption \sd variations \dt 01/Apr/2018 \lx axtisisi \ps v \ge suffer \de to suffer \mr [] \xv 1. latšə ʔisʔaxtisisi, mutštšum ʔišpoš \xe 'he is always suffering; he is sad.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.415.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtitš \ps v \ge diet \ge eat certain things and not others \de to diet; to eat certain things and not others \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan kaxtitš \xe 'I eat some things and others I do not' ; 'I am on a diet of food, cohabition, etc.' \xv 2. kaxtitš \xe 'I have a diet.' \xv 3. kəpə hešiʔišaw ʔan hukaxtitš \xe 'today I am going to diet.' \sd food \sd body \sd verbs \sd health \lg JPH \rf 89.415.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axtʔaʔatš \ps v \ge make a din \ge din, make a \de to make a din \ee This is said of a group of people or a flock of birds. \mr [] \xv 1. tšamaxtʔaʔatš \xe 'they are all making a din together.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.416.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axtšaqnitšum \ps v \ge resemble smth delicious \de to resemble smth delicious \mr [] \cf aqni \ce to resemble \cf tšum \ce to be good; to be agreeable \xv 1. kiyʔuwʔuw šitšotšonəʔəš ʔan kqisə ʔan tsʔił ʔisʰin tskonin, kikamukʔuwliloniʔiy kilokatsʔotsʔohoʔoy ʔan tsiyaxtšaqnitšum \xe 'we were eating fish and I noticed there were worms in them and I didn’t eat any more, but the other people ate them as a delicious thing.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.416.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axtšʔeq \ps v \ge slice with one's teeth \de to slice with one's teeth \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce to crack; to split \xv 1. hukaxtšʔeq \xe 'I am going to slice it with my teeth.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.415.4; 92.165.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axukitwo \ps v \ge cast out earth (as the gopher does) \de to cast out earth (as the gopher does) \ee Harrington notes that this verb may be said of the action of a gopher. \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. tsaxukitwo soʔoxwo ʔišupšuʔup \xe 'the gopher is casting out earth.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.730.3; 92.166.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axukumu \ps v \ge round/full (said of the moon only), be \ge full/round (said of the moon only), be \de to be round/full (said of the moon only) \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \cf saxukumu \ce to do with moderation; to do with measure \xv 1. tsaxukumu \xe 'the moon is round' ; 'the moon is full.' \xv 2. tsaxukumu saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is full.' \xv 3. nee saxukumu saʔawhay \xe 'the moon is full' (literally, 'round'). \sd verbs \sd astronomy \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd shape \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.167.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axukuyuw̓ \ps v \ge take hold of with one’s right hand \de to take hold of with one’s right hand \mr [] \sy tałkuyuw̓ \cf kuyuw̓ \ce to be (on the) right \xv 1. kaxukuyuw̓ \xe 'I take hold of it with my right hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.166.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axułkuy \ps v \ge deep, be \de to be deep \ee Harrington notes that this word cannot be said of water being deep. However, based on textual material, this cannot be correct. Harrington also notes that this can be used to indicate 'deep' in the sense of something 'profound.' \sy yəwəš2 \xv 1. tsisukitʰwonwu loʔkaqowotš loʔkaʔo kaʔalaxułkuy kitsiyiwayətwu loʔkaʔalušʔexš kaʔo \xe 'the Indians drove the fishes from the deep water to the shallow water.' \xv 2. tsaxułkuy \xe 'it is deep.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd water \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.419.4-420.1; WeirA1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axunimay \cf axʔunimay \ce to deceive; to fool; to cheat \sd variations \dt 01/Apr/2018 \lx axupay \cf axʔupay \ce to cast earth into a pile outside a (gopher) hole \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axutsʔu \ps v \ge envy \de to envy \sy axʔutu \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaxutsʔu \pde to envy.NZ \cf ʔałʔalaxutsʔu \ce envious one; one who envies \xv 1. kaxutsʔu lokašʰatiwə \xe 'I envy his wife.' \xv 2. kʔalaxutsʔu \xe 'I am envious.' \sd emotions \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.146.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axwaš \ps v \ge eat whole \de to eat whole \xv 1. tšamoxtokokš kinupan tšamaxwaš \xe 'they toast them and then eat them' (said of eating popped corn). \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.173.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axwayi \ps v \ge gluttonous, be \de to be gluttonous \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalaxwayi \pde glutton \xv 1. ʔalaxwayi \xe 'glutton.' \xv 2. kałwašətš suʔamnišaqša lokaʔalaxwayi \xe 'it is a good plan to kill the gluttonous woman.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd senses \sd emotions \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.172.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axwi \ps vt \ge covered, be \de to be covered \cf ʔalaxwi \ce bed blanket \cf ʔalaxwimu \ce where blankets are kept \cf ʔaxwi \ce (daytime) clothes; chamois leather \cf alaxwitš \ce to cover with a blanket \cf alaxwitšaš \ce to cover oneself with a blanket \cf axwitš \ce to wear clothes; to be covered with a blanket (not in bed) \cf axwitšaš \ce to be dressed; to dress oneself \cf saxwi \ce to clothe \xv 1. hukaxwitšaš \xe 'I am going to dress myself.' \xv 2. wašətš ʔisʔaxʔaxwiʔi \xe 'he is dressed finely.' \xv 3. huksaxwinus hesiqunup \xe 'I am going to put the bed clothes over this child.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH \rf 89.168.1-2; 90.59.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axwiʔił \ps v \ge come only so far \de to come only so far \mr [] \cf axwilutš \ce to have reached so far \cf naxwiʔił \ce to suffice only so much \xv 1. lokalaxwiłpiʔi \xe 'the extent to which it reached.' \xv 2. (kay) ʔiti kasaxwiʔił \xe 'and not this side towards me it reaches as far as here.' \xv 3. hukʰketšʔeq kaʔiti kayusaxwiʔił \xe 'I am going to split it, as far as here only' (pointing). \xv 4. kayiti kasaxwiʔił siyʔikmen kasułkuw \xe 'the tide came up as far as this last night pointing to spot on beach.' \xv 5. lo kalaxwiłpiʔi \xe (my measuring rod or tap) 'reached as far as that place there.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.176.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axwilutš \ps v \ge reached to so far, have \ge have reached so far \de to have reached so far \mr [] \cf axwiʔił \ce to come only so far \xv 1. kayiti kašaxwilutš \xe 'it reached as far as here.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.177.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axwititi \a axwititin \va (axwititin-) \ps v \ge throw a stick of wood \de to throw a stick of wood \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv axwititinpi \pde to throw a stick of wood.APL.LOC \cf ʔaxwititinaʔaš \ce throwing stick \xv 1. kaxwititi \xe 'I throw a stick of wood through the air.' \xv 2. hukaxwititi \xe 'I am going to throw a stick or a long thing.' \xv 3. no ʔan kaxwititinpi sipon̓ \xe 'I threw at it with a stick.' \xv 4. hukaxwititinpi hesipon̓ \xe 'I am going to throw with this stick.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.177.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axwitš \ps v \ge covered with a blanket (not in bed), be \ge wear clothes \de to wear clothes; to be covered with a blanket (not in bed) \mr [] \cf alaxwitš \ce to cover with a blanket \cf axwi \ce to be covered \cf axwitšaš \ce to be dressed; to dress oneself \xv 1. hukaxwitšaš \xe 'I am going to put my clothes on.' \xv 2. hukaxwitšaš sikpantalon \xe 'I am going to put on my pants.' \xv 3. no ʔan kaxwitš \xe 'I am covered over with a blanket.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukaxwitš sifresada \xe 'I am going to put a blanket over me.' \xv 5. tšaxwitš lokaskoton kikasxus \xe 'he put on the shirt and became a bear.' \xv 6. kaxwitš ʔiškom̓ sipʰilisala no ʔan ktiwałtu \xe 'I put two blankets over my shoulders, one over the other.' \xv 7. tšaxwitšaʔaš \xe 'she is putting her clothes on.' \xv 8. hukaxwitšaʔaš \xe 'I am going to get dressed.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.178.2-179.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx axwitšaš \ps v \ge dressed, be \ge dress oneself \de to be dressed; to dress oneself \mr [] \cf axwi \ce to be covered \cf axwitš \ce to wear clothes; to be covered with a blanket (not in bed) \xv 1. hukaxwitšaš \xe 'I am going to dress myself' (said by a naked man putting on his clothes). \xv 2. hukaxwitšaš sikpantalon \xe 'I am going to put on my pants.' \xv 3. šaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tšaxwitšaš \xe 'the man is dressed.' \xv 4. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tsxenti \xe 'this man is nude.' \xv 5. kikakaxwitšaš kikakuxmanstəqš kikaknaʔał, kuniyəw lokakʔamiwu \xe 'I dressed (put on my clothes in the morning), I washed my face, I looked for my friend.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd clothes \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.168.2; 92.179.2-180.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -axwuy- \ps vroot \ge wake up \de wake up \cf alaxwuy \ce to wake up at night (early morning) \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx axyam \ps v \ge descend quickly \de to descend quickly \ee Note obligatory use of directional or cislocative. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv axyamli \pde to descend quickly.DIR \pdl v \pdv axyamtiʔiy \pde to descend quickly.CIS \cf wayiyam \ce to descend slowly \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kaxyam \xe 'I ran downhill.' \xv 2. kaxyamli \xe 'I came downhill.' \xv 3. tsaxyamli \xe 'he runs down (away from the speaker).' \xv 4. tsaxyamtiʔiy \xe 'the wagon comes rolling along the road fast towards where I am.' \xv 5. tsaxyamli \xe 'the wagon goes rolling down the road from where I am standing.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.379.3-380.3 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx axyik \ps v \ge feed \de to feed \mr [] \sy suʔuwlilo \cf yik \ce to give \xv 1. hukaxyikus sipan \xe 'I give you [sic.] bread.' \xv 2. tsiyaxyikus sułʔuw \xe 'they feed it.' \xv 3. kʰan tsinawa saxyikus \xe 'when she gave it something to eat.' \xv 4. kaxyikus saʔałtʔoloq \xe 'I gave the hungry one something to eat.' \xv 5. axyikuw losikawayu ! \xe 'give the horse some hay!' \xv 6. paxyikus lokaʔałtʔoloq \xe 'thou shalt give food to the hungry.' \xv 7. hukaxyikus lokakʰqo siʔałhaputš \xe 'I am going to give my dog some meat.' \xv 8. latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw tsisaxyikuʔus sułʔuw, latšə ʔisiliklikʔe maʔam lokasinaymu kaʔixpanəš \xe 'every day they gave her food, she remaining continually inside the acorn grainary.' \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.380.4-382.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axʔəhəʔəʔən \ps v \ge glut \ge consume inordinately \de to glut; to consume inordinately \mr [] \cf ʔəhə \ce to be many; to be much \xv 1. kikasaqmił ʔan tsaxʔəhəʔəʔən \xe 'she drank of it inordinately.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.356.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx axʔu- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.marginally \ge with marginally enough effort \ge marginally enough effort, with \de with marginally enough effort \ee This is used of a situation carried out with marginally enough effort. Glossed as INSTR.marginally. \cf ʔałʔalaxʔutu \ce envious one; one who envies \cf ʔaxʔupayəš \ce pile of earth outside a (gopher) hole \cf axʔukaw̓ \ce to take with the left hand \cf axʔunimay \ce to deceive; to fool; to cheat \cf axʔupay \ce to cast earth into a pile outside a (gopher) hole \cf axʔuqisə \ce to attend to \cf axʔutinaʔał \ce to walk feebly \cf axʔutitapi \ce to barely get in \cf ?axʔutu \ce to envy \cf axʔuwəł \ce to shoot without much effort; to spit without much effort \cf tipaxʔunimaš \ce to be a deceiver; to be a professional cheater \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axʔukaw̓ \ps v \ge take with the left hand \de to take with the left hand \mr [] \cf kaw̓ \ce I. left (direction) II. to be left (direction) \xv 1. kaxʔukaw̓ \xe 'I am doing something else with my left hand.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxukaw̓ \xe 'I take hold of it with my left hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.416.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axʔunimay \rd axaxʔunimay \a axʔunima \a axunimay \a axunimày \va (axunimay, axʔunima-) \ps v \ge deceive \ge fool \ge cheat \de to deceive; to fool; to cheat \mr [] \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \cf nimay \ce to put out fire \cf tipaxʔunimaš \ce to be a deceiver; to be a professional cheater \xv 1. tspeʔey heʔišup loʔkakiʔałhašəʔə̀š pakeʔet supnehet ʔan mupaxunimaš \xe 'our language is a flower, a thing you are going to do, that you do not deceive.' \xv 2. mupsuyaxunimày hałšəʔəł \xe 'do not deceive a poor person.' \xv 3. tsaxaxʔunimayit \xe 'he is cheating me' (in a money deal). \sd verbs \sd common \sd emotions \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.985.1; Travels136 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx axʔupay \a axupay \ps v \ge cast earth into a pile outside a (gopher) hole \de to cast earth into a pile outside a (gopher) hole \ee This verb may be used of other animals, but seems to have been used especially of the gopher. \mr [] \cf ʔaxʔupayəš \ce pile of earth outside a (gopher) hole \xv 1. tsaxʔupay soʔoxwo \xe 'the gopher throws out a pile of earth outside his hole.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.169.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axʔuqisə \ps v \ge attend to \de to attend to \mr [] \sy nuqisə \cf qisə \ce to see; to inspect \sd senses \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.168.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx axʔutinaʔał \ps v \ge walk feebly \de to walk feebly \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf tinaʔał \ce to be stubborn; to be stalwart \xv 1. kaxʔutinaʔał \xe 'I can just barely walk along' (like feeble person). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.170.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axʔutitapi \ps v \ge barely get in \de to barely get in \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \cf titap \ce to chase away \xv 1. tsiyaxʔutitapi \xe 'they entered but very uncomfortably' ; 'they got in but barely entered' ; 'they could hardly get in.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.170.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axʔutu \ps v \ge envy \de to envy \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv axʔututšaš \pde to envy.REFL \sy axutsʔu \cf ʔałʔalaxʔutu \ce envious one; one who envies \xv 1. tšišaxʔututšaš \xe 'they two envy each other.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaxʔutunus \xe 'I envy him.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.171.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx axʔuwəł \ps v \ge shoot without much effort \de to shoot without much effort; to spit without much effort \mr [] \cf wəł \ce to shoot \xv 1. kaxʔuwəł \xe 'I am chewing pespibata and I shoot' OR 'I am meditating and I shoot.' \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ayahumahuma \ps n \ge hazy day \ge day, hazy \de hazy day \ee May begin with a glottal stop. \sd meteorology \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 79.27.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx eʔqe \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ehehe \rd ʔehʔehehe \ps v \ge whinny \de to whinny \ee Cannot be said of laughing. \xv 1. tsehehe \xe 'he whinnies.' \xv 2. tsʰetsʰe \xe 'he snorts or sneezes.' \xv 3. hesikʰkawayu ʔan tsʔehʔehehe \xe 'my horse is whinnying.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 92.343.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ehetš \ps v \ge pull off \de to pull off \ee Posible relationship to ͽehetš 'to pull off.' \xv 1. tšušmaxyət loʔkašwaštʔuyaš kʔuwe mušehetš \xe 'she pulled her fishline but he could not [get] it [off].' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf Daughter35 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ekweł \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \sd variations \dt 15/Jan/2012 \lx ekwelešpi \cf eqwelešpi \ce to make on; to make at \sd variations \dt 01/Apr/2018 \lx el- \cf al- \ce stative verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 12/Nov/2011 \lx eleʔex \a elex \va (elex-) \ps v \ge side by side, be \ge stand side by side \de to be side by side; to stand side by side \cf selex \ce to put side by side \xv 1. kiyeleʔex \xe 'we are side by side.' \xv 2. tsiyeleʔex \xe 'they are side by side.' \xv 3. siyeleʔex \xe 'the 3+ (dancers) are in a line side by side.' \xv 4. tšišeleʔex \xe 'they two are side by side.' \sd verbs \sd position \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.505.4-6; 90.531.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx eleqpeyus \ps v \ge taste like \de to taste like \mr [] \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \xv 1. musʔił hałtšotšonəʔəš hałʔaleleqpeyus lokakorvina kəwə tšaqnitšum ʔisʔamə \xe 'there is no fish better tasting than the corvina.' \sd verbs \sd senses \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.506.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx elew \ps v \ge slice \ge cut into slices \de to slice; to cut into slices \xv 1. kelew \xe 'I cut (meat/bread with a knife).' \xv 2. kʔəwə \xe 'I cut a person with a knife' (as the cholos do). \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.510.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -ełhew- \ps vroot \ge go down \ge descend \de go down; descend \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI elew ‘to descend; to come down; to go down,’ INZ elew ‘to go down; to descend,’ OBI -ełhe- in num(ʼ)ełhe ‘to go down; to get down’ (Whistler 1980: 8; SYBCI 2007: 113; Klar 19—a: 26) \cf eqtełhew \ce to blow from the __ \cf extełhew \ce wind (kind) \cf sunełhew \ce to carry on one's back \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ełkʔewli \ps v \ge go along the edge of \de to go along the edge of \mr [] \xv 1. lokamula ʔan wašətš ʔisełkʔewli lokašə \xe 'the mule is good for going along the brink of a precipice.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.511.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ełtete \ps n \ge dead mother \ge mother, dead \de dead mother \ee It is interesting to note that this word does not contain the suffix ͽ-iwaš, which is typically found marking entities which are defunct, deceased, worthless, etc. \mr ?[] \cf tete \ce mother; mom \xv 1. lokakełtete \xe 'my dead mother.' \xv 2. lokapełtete \xe 'your dead mother.' \sd kinship \sd lifecycle \rf 3.88.24.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ełtse \cf ʔełtse \ce to wrap up; to wind upon \sd variations \dt 07/May/2011 \lx ełtšenitš \ps v \ge have string wrapped around \ge string wrapped around, have \de to have string wrapped around \xv 1. tšiyełtšenitš \xe 'they are wrapped around and around with string.' \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 82.42.1 \dt 28/Dec/2018 \lx ełxe \a elxe \va (elxe) \ps v \ge go to all \ge all, go to \de to go to all \cf šełxe \ce to be extinct \cf šušełxe \ce to exterminate \cf ušełxenwu \ce to vanquish \xv 1. tsełxe hesaʔapʔaʔap \xe 'she went to all the houses.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 89.512.1 \dt 19/Jul/2018 \lx -ełyep- \ps vroot \ge move along \de move along \cf ełyepli \ce to go straight along \cf xilełyep \ce to track (with one’s eyes); to watch smn go \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ełyepli \ps v \ge go straight along \ge straight along, go \de to go straight along \mr [] \cf xilełyep \ce to track (with one’s eyes); to watch smn go \xv lahukełyepli lomiluk \xe '[I] go by the cliff.' \xv 2. loełyepli miluk ! \xe 'go along the cliff base!' \xv 3. laʔiti ełyepli ! \xe 'go along here!' (motioning a straight track with my hand). \sd verbs \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.517.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx emetšeš \cf ʔemetšeš \ce soldier; warrior; war \sd variations \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx enhes \a enheš \va (enheš-) \ps n \ge breath \ge spirit \ge pulse \de breath; spirit; pulse \et *-haS \ec Compare BOI ʼahaš, ahašiš ‘heart; ghost; spirit,’ INZ ahaš ‘soul,’ OBI tʸełha ‘soul’ (Klar 1977: 73) \cf ʔenhešeš \ce spirit (of the dead); soul \cf aktenhesi \ce to blow (through the nose) \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \cf enhespi \ce to breathe on \cf šenhešitš \ce to pant \cf utenhes \ce to breathe in sharply; to take a quick breath \cf watenhes \ce to pass by without stopping \xv 1. kenhes \xe 'my breath.' \xv 2. hesikenhes \xe 'my pulse' (idiom). \xv 3. kayuskitwo hesikenhes \xe 'my soul will leave my body.' \xv 4. hušnaʔał ʔalałpay ʔisenhes \xe 'his spirit will go to heaven.' \xv 5. tsenhes heʔišup \xe 'breath of the world, wind' (lit., ‘it blows of the world’). \sd body \sd anatomy \sd religion \sd mythology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.19.2; 89.516.3-517.2; 90.118.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx enhespi \ps v \ge breathe on \de to breathe on \mr [] \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \xv 1. tsenhespi \xe 'he breathed on me.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa hesitaktaktəʔəš ʔan tšiqałkənəʔət xesu kristo kisiyenhespi, kilakəkš lokamula kałmuštiyət, tšipipšoš kismaqutinaʔał \xe 'all the animals got in a circle around Jesus Christ and they breathed upon him, but the mule alone did not draw near, he was puffing or snorting and he went away.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.518.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx enheš- \cf enhes \ce breath; spirit; pulse \sd variations \dt 15/Jan/2012 \lx epxetš \ps v \ge exhausted with crying , be \de to be exhausted with crying \xv 1. tšepxetš \xe 'he is exhausted with crying.' \xv 2. no ʔan kepxetš \xe 'I have exhausted myself with crying.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg TJPH \rf 88.16.3 \dt 21/Sep/2018 \lx eq- \cf aq-1 \ce with the mouth \sd variations \dt 31/May/2011 \lx eqe \a eʔqe \ps v \ge be in/come into existence \ge come into/be in existence \ge existence, be in/come into \ge born, be \de to be in/come into existence; to be born \ee As Harrington notes, this verb cannot be used with the first person (singular) (pronouns) he does not state if this rule applies to all first person pronouns or only to the singular form. Thus, keqe is said not to be a word. However, as can be seen in example 2, Harrington lists this as a valid example. It is possible Harrington meant that this verb cannot be used by the first person denoting anything but past time. This is understandable, but still does not explain the clear contridiction in saying that ͽkeqe is not a word and then listing it as such. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaleqe \pde to be in/come into existence.NZ; to be born.NZ \pdl v \pdv eqentiʔiy \pde to be in/come into existence.CIS; to be born.CIS \cf aliyeqe \ce to be mouth/face up \cf aliyexexe \ce to be on one's back \cf aputiseqe \ce to be removed by water \cf aqtaliyexexe \ce to fall over of one’s own accord \cf aqułtšeqʔetš \ce to remove bad from good; to repent of bad living \cf eqen \ce to be removed \cf eqenutš \ce to be birthed \cf eqseqenli \ce to direct smth to smwh \cf exneqenpi \ce to attend to one’s business; to respect; to have devotion to \cf exseqe \ce to bite off \cf keseqe \ce to cut smth off; to cut out \cf mexseqe \ce to shove along \cf niseqe \ce to pinch off \cf saliyexexe \ce to put face up \cf saquteqenpi \ce to deal with smth \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \cf seqenli \ce to remove smth/smn to \cf suteqe \ce to move further from oneself \cf ?suweleqe \ce to move smth/smn to one side \cf šeqetš \ce to take off one’s clothes \cf teqe \ce to be further from oneself \cf tipeqe \ce to leave (a course of discussion); to leave others alone \cf tsʔequts \ce smth removed from the body \cf tšapexʔenutš \ce embers \cf wateqe \ce to rub the skin off by means of a blow \cf watiseqe \ce to pull out quickly \xv 1. tseqe siqunup \xe 'the child (in general) is born.' \xv 2. no ʔan keqe \xe 'I was born.' \xv 3. nełtseqe lyos? \xe 'where is God?' \xv 4. kikə ʔan kiyʔaleqe \xe 'we are born.' \xv 5. nełtseqe lokakatu ? \xe 'where is the cat?' \xv 6. nełtseqe lokapʰintštəʔəniwaš ? \xe 'where is your dog?' \xv 7. kahuséqe situhuy \xe 'it will stop raining.' \xv 8. kinupan tseqe santa maría virgen \xe 'and was born of the Virgin Mary.' \xv 9. hesikawayu sałʔiyeqe loʔišup ʔan tšutišihitš ʔisitoy̓ \xe 'horses born in the mountains have hard hoofs.' \xv 10. nelusiyeqe lokasiyenhes hešiwašwašətš kanawa tšiyaqša heʔišiʔamamə? \xe 'where will all the spirits of the good go to when their bodies die?' \xv 11. hesupaleqenpi ? \xe 'where you are going to go?' \xv 12. kšuwaškumeł lasikałtsuyeqenpi \xe 'I steer where I want to.' \xv 13. kqisə sikalu ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawaq hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon and therefore will not take you.' \lg JPH; TJPH \sd verbs \sd common \sd lifecycle \rf 89.481.2-4; 90.481.2-3;92.344.2-346.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx eqen \ps v \ge removed, be \de to be removed \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv eqenli \pde to be removed.DIR \pdl v \pdv eqentiʔiy \pde to be removed.CIS \cf aqułtšeqʔetš \ce to remove bad from good; to repent of bad living \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqenutš \ce to be birthed \cf eqenwaš \ce footprint; track \cf eqseqenli \ce to direct smth to smwh \cf exneqenpi \ce to attend to one’s business; to respect; to have devotion to \cf seqenli \ce to remove smth/smn to \cf tipeqe \ce to leave (a course of discussion); to leave others alone \cf tšapexʔenutš \ce embers \xv 1. hukʔipapʔa hesikʔəł kihuseqenit hesikʔolotəš \xe 'I am going to slap my leg to remove the swollenness.' \xv 2. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \xv 3. yəlaʔa lokapenew ʔan tsiyuxni hesiyeqenli miluk lokašə \xe 'all the seals uproot to the foot of the cliff .' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.485.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx eqenmun \cf ʔeqenmuʔun \ce to put on flat-heeled sandals \sd variations \dt 07/May/2011 \lx eqenutš \ps v \ge birthed, be \de to be birthed \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \xv 1. ʔan kaseqenutš \xe 'it was born.' \xv 2. mitsqanaqan̓ kakeqenutš \xe 'it’s Ventura where I was born.' \xv 3. kašeqenutš maría antonia, kasisilyu, kasiʔišʔałʔišʔon̓, ʔan tšišaqša \xe 'there were born to María Antonia and Cecilio the twins that died.' \xv 4. lokamamawaš ʔan lawaʔaʔay ʔišeqenutš munasʔił hałšukepeš \xe 'my grandmother was born long ago when there were not any baptized yet.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd common \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.488.2-489.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx eqenwaš \ps n \ge footprint \ge track \de footprint; track \gn rastro \dn rastro \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \xv 1. sikeqenwaš \xe 'my footprints.' \xv 2. hesikeqenwaš \xe 'my footprint.' \xv 3. tsʔił ʔišeqenwaš \xe 'its track is slobbery.' \xv 4. ʔiseqenwaš ʔan tseqpeyus ʔisʔəł siqunup \xe 'its track is pike the footprint of a child.' \xv 5. ʔəhə šeʔeqenwaš sikaleta hemaliyaš \xe 'there are a lot of wagonruts in this road.' \sd body \sd animals \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.489.2-450.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx eqeqmelew \ps v \ge lap.REDUP \ge lick.REDUP \de to lap.REDUP; to lick.REDUP \cf eqmelew \ce to lap; to lick \sd reduplications \dt 31/May/2011 \lx eqeqweł \a eqeqwel \ps v \ge make.REDUP \ge do.REDUP \de make.REDUP; do.REDUP \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \sd reduplications \dt 08/Apr/2018 \lx eqlemlemš \ph ɛqʰlɛmlɛmʃ \ps v \ge radiant-beautiful, be \de to be radiant-beautiful; to be resplendent \gn ¿que hay? \dn ¿que hay? \ee Harrington notes that this is a saying. It was quite common; one man would say it and another would answer with the same word. One of Harrington’s speakers never knew what the word meant. In a coyote story, Coyote says this as a comment to the Daughter of Eagle; the word is translated as "beautiful and radiant one." However, a consultant noted that the word pragmatically meant something like 'what's up? (‘¿que hay?’) \xv 1. kasʔip a tšeqʰlemlemš \xe '...and he said "beautiful and raidant one..." ' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd exclamations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.489.3; Daughter9 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx eqmelew \a eqʰmelew \rd eqeqmelew \ps v \ge lap \ge lick \de to lap; to lick \cf ʔałʔaleqmelewš \ce panderer; kiss-ass \cf ʔelew \ce tongue \xv 1. tseqmelewił \xe 'he lapped you.' \xv 2. hukeqmelewił \xe 'I am going to lap you.' \xv 3. lahukušʰo kuhuseqmelew \xe 'I am going to let the cow lap the calf.' \xv 4. tseqeqmelew lokaštałhəw \xe 'the cow is lapping her calf.' \xv 5. hukeqmelew sitili \xe 'I am going to lick a vagina' (joke they used to say). \sd verbs \sd animals \sd body \sd language \sd idioms \lg JPH \rf 89.450.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx eqnekenpi \ps v \ge keep \ge preserve \de to keep; to preserve \xv 1. ʔalałpay, kihusikʔumiyi latšə, hušiyʔiwəʔəš lyos, kəwə tsiyeqnekenpi lokašašʰunatš lyos \xe 'to Heaven to enjoy God forever, because they kept His holy commandments.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.451.2, 490.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx eqpešeš \ps v \ge alike, be \de to be alike \mr [] \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \xv 1. tšiyeqpešeš \xe 'they are equal or completely alike.' \sd stative \sd senses \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.492.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx eqpey \ps v \ge resemble \ge like, be \ge look like \de to resemble; to be like; to look like \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaleqpey \pde to resemble.NZ; to be like.NZ; to look like.NZ \cf axneqpey \ce to resemble (in smell) \cf eleqpeyus \ce to taste like \cf eqpešeš \ce to be alike \cf kʔiteqpeyus \ce to resemble somewhat \cf maxsuleqpey \ce to lead by rope \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf seqpey \ce to contaminate smn; to pass on disease to smn \cf uleqpeneš \ce to go in file \cf uleqpey \ce to follow behind/after \cf uyeqpey \ce to imitate \xv 1. qeqpeyus [sic., keqpeyus] \xe 'I resemble him.' \xv 2. xwan ʔan ʔaleqpeyus lokasʔami \xe 'Juan resembles his older brother.' \xv 3. ʔiseqenwaš ʔan tseqpeyus ʔisʔəł siqunup \xe 'its track is like the footprint of a child.' \xv 4. kwašhu lokaʔatʔaxatš, kwašhu lokaʔatʔaxatš, tsʔił sikʔamiwu \xe 'I mistook the man, I have a friend whom he looks much like.' \xv 5. pakeʔet ʔiswop roberto káles kaskoko. roberto kales ʔan ʔamerikanu ʔipakəwaš, xosé ʔan tseqpeyus lokaskoko, muʔułyi, qnowowo, kʰan tšnehet lokaskoko \xe 'there was one of his sons, [?of whom] Roberto Cales [was] the father. Roberto Cales [was] an old American man, Jose followed after his father, he was not tall, he was short, and therefore just as his father.' \sd senses \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.490.3-492.2 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx eqpʔe \cf ʔeqpʔe \ce patella; kneepan \sd variations \dt 15/Jan/2012 \lx eqseqenli \ps v \ge direct smth to smwh \de to direct smth to smwh \mr [] \sy seqenli \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. keqseqenli ʔalałpay \xe 'I drive (sheep) giving them a direction towards up on top of the hill.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.493.4; 92.355.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx eqte- \ps vpre \cf aqta- \ce by air; through the air \sd variations \dt 15/Jan/2012 \lx eqtelew \ps v \ge stick out one’s tongue \ge tongue, stick out one’s \de to stick out one's tongue \ee Harrington notes, 'keqtelewus, I stuck out my tongue at him,' but also notes that ͽtsʰukitwonit ͽʔisʔelew, 'he stuck out his tongue at me' is understandable while ͽtseqtelewit would not be. This form was archaic at the time Harrington recorded it. \mr [] \cf ʔelew \ce tongue \cf eqtšelewutš \ce to stick out one's tongue \cf šeqtšelewutš \ce to make smn stick out his/her tongue \sd archaisms \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.494.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx eqtełhew \ph ɛqʰtɛɬhɛw \ps v \ge blow from the __ \de to blow from the __ \ee Speaker could not remember the direction of the wind indicated by this verb. \mr [] \xv 1. tseqʰtełhew \xe 'the wind is blowing from the __ .' \sd verbs \sd elements \sd nature \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.494.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx eqtepexe \ps v \ge blown away, be \de to be blown away \mr [] \cf exe \ce to finish (food); to finish up (food) \cf neqtepexe \ce to blow away \xv 1. tšneqtepexetš \xe 'it blew them away.' \xv 2. hesipapeł ʔan tseqtepexe \xe 'this paper was blown away.' \xv 3. lokaʔaqtəwəwə ʔan tšneqtepexe sipapeł \xe 'the wind blew this paper away.' \sd verbs \sd elements \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.494.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx eqtete \ps v \ge taste \de to taste \mr [] \sy aqsumu \xv 1. hukeqtete hesitip \xe 'I am going to taste of this salt.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd senses \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.495.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx eqtewesmes \ps v \ge blown over to another area, be \de to be blown over to another area \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf wesmes \ce to be traversed \xv 1. tseqtewesmes \xe 'it was [blown] over and across to another place.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.495.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx eqtšelewutš \ps v \ge stick out one's tongue \ge tongue, stick out one's \de to stick out one's tongue \mr [] \cf ʔelew \ce tongue \cf eqtelew \ce to stick out one's tongue \cf šeqtšelewutš \ce to make smn stick out his/her tongue \xv 1. keqtšelewutš \xe 'I stick out my tongue.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.495.3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx eqweł \rd eqeqweł \a ekweł \a eqʰwel \a eqʰweł \a eqhweł \a eqwèł \a eqwel \va (ekweł, eqwel) \ph ˈɛqwɛɬ \et ɕ \ec Comapre BOI ʼeqwel ‘to make; to do,’ CRZ ʼaqwel ‘to make; to do,’ INZ ʼeqwel ‘to make; to do,’ OBI ʼaqmanu ‘to make; to do,’ PUY ʼeqwe ‘to make’ (Klar 1977: 41; Harrington 1986: 3.6.19.2) \ps v \ge make \ge do \de to make; to do \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaleqweł \pde to make.NZ; to do.NZ \pdl v \pdv eqwełpi \pde to make.APL.LOC; to do.APL.LOC \pdl v \pdv eqwełtšaši \pde to make.REFL.CPLV; to do.REFL.CPLV \cf ʔałʔaleqweł \ce maker \cf ʔeqweleš \ce work; labor; fruit \cf eqwelešpi \ce to make on; to make at \cf keeqweł \ce to cut \cf nineqweł \ce to mold (with the hands); to shape (with the hands) \cf tiwałeqwełtšeši \ce to feign that one is smth; to make like one is smth; to make believe \cf weeqweł \ce to make by chops; to make by blows \xv 1. hukeqweł \xe 'I am going to do it.' \xv 2. keqwelus ʔiswał \xe 'I made a hole in it.' \xv 3. hukekmeł sipinole \xe 'I am going to make a pinole cake.' \xv 4. hukeqweł ʔištekmeł \xe 'I am going to make a clot of pinole.' \xv 5. kaseqweł lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'it was because of the man that he died.' \xv 6. museqwelus hałtsʔap \xe 'he didn't make it any cage.' \xv 7. ʔiyeqweł lupiyaleqweł! \xe 'do the woman what you do with the woman!' \xv 8. eqweł lokapalaqniyəwus \xe 'Thy will be done.' \xv 9. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan neʔesxəp \xe 'the man turned into stone.' \xv 10. eqwelit lokamoləš kahupapinit \xe 'fix the medicine for cauterizing me.' \xv 11. kilokasmitəpə ʔan tseqwelus ʔisʔiqip \xe 'and he makes a door for its mouth.' \xv 12. nipeqwełwaš hałʔatəšwənəš? \xe 'you were doing witchcraft?' \xv 13. lokaʔaleqweł ʔalałpay kaʔitimišup \xe 'Creator of heaven and earth.' \xv 14. tseqeqweł sikuhkuʔu losiqasqas \xe 'the man is modeling figures of people in the sand.' \xv 15. huksukʔuyətus sukeqweł hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to make this table very well.' \xv 16. kanawa šeqwełtšaši šaʔatʔaxatš kakitənus hesukilistu \xe 'when He was made Himself man, and they called Him Jesus Christ.' \xv 17. latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw ʔisameqeqwelus kʔuwe lapakeʔet sałnetpi \xe 'every day they kept treating her the same way.' \xv 18. pi ʔan mukapeqweł kikalaxsumu, kʔuwe tsʔił šikalušiʔik pikapeqweł \xe 'you have not caused my suffering, but I have suffered much because of you.' \xv 19. loʔismaʔam santa malya munašulišwaš hałʔatʔaxatš, tseqweł lokaʔenhešeš \xe 'in the Virgin Mary, still virgen, conceived by the Holy Spirit.' \xv 20. lokaʔaxunpes ʔan tsʰuwakʔaywu lokaštum hesoʔo kasiyeqwełtšəši ʔiskontskoniʔin \xe 'the ?flies lay their eggs on the surface of the water and the eggs turn into worms.' \xv 21. hukeqwełpi \xe 'I am going to make one on smth.' \xv 22. hukeqwełpiwu \xe 'I am going to make them in various places.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.495.4-504.1; Daughter52 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx eqweleš \cf ʔeqweleš \ce work; labor; fruit \sd variations \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx eqwelešpi \a ekwelešpi \va (ekwelešpi) \ps v \ge make on \ge make at \de to make on; to make at \mr [] \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \xv 1. tšameqwelešpi \xe 'the make it on or at.' \xv 2. hukeqwełpi \xe 'I am going to make one on _____.' \xv 3. hukeqwełpiwu \xe 'I am going to make them in various places. \xv 4. hukeqwelešpi hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to make them on the table.' \xv 5. saʔałkuʔyət ʔan tsamekwelešpi tsamsunuwus ʔišunay \xe 'they make the pretty one with šunay.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.503.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx esʔex \ps v \ge make thin strips of fish for salting \ge strips of fish for salting, make thin \ge fish for salting, make thin strips of \de to make thin strips of fish for salting \cf kesʔex \ce to cut in thin slices \cf kesʔexeš \ce thin slice; smth thinly sliced \xv 1. kesʔex \xe 'I make thin strips of fish to salt.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd animals \sd fish \lg JPH \rf 89.530.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx -eš \cf -Vš \ce resultative suffix \sd variations \dt 31/May/2011 \lx etetš \cf ʔetʔetš \ce to wear a necklace \sd variations \dt 09/Sep/2011 \lx ex- \hm 1 \ps v \ge having to do with teeth \ge INSTR.teeth \de having to do with teeth \ee This may be an allomorph of the prefix ͽaq-1 ‘with the mouth.’ Glossed as INSTR.teeth. \cf aq-1 \ce with the mouth \cf exlew \ce to bite; to take a bite of \cf exnekʔey \ce to gnaw at; to nip at \cf exseqe \ce to bite off \cf exwewek \ce to tear with the teeth \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ex- \hm 2 \cf aq-2 \ce formative verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 31/May/2011 \lx exe \a exé \ps v \ge finish (food) \ge finish up (food) \de to finish (food); to finish up (food) \cf eqtepexe \ce to be blown away \cf exetšiʔiy \ce to finish eating \cf neqtepexe \ce to blow away \cf susexe \ce to get rid of \xv 1. pexe \xe 'finish it' ; 'eat it all up clean.' \xv 2. hukexe \xe 'I am going to eat it all up.' \xv 3. tsamexe \xe 'they ate it all up.' \xv 4. lašinunašəši ʔisiyʔuwlilo, kilašiyušʰo hesiplatu musiyexe \xe 'the people are eating their meal like so many animals, they leave it on their places, they do not eat it up clean.' \xv 5. kanawa sexe lokalaqnitšum kikawa swalakumuʔus sitsʔohoy ʔispeʔey \xe 'when it sucks all the honey out of one it goes to another flower.' \xv 6. tšamexetšiʔi \xe 'they finished eating' (though they left food on their plates). \xv 7. kasexe ki sustsəm̓ə salaqwaʔày \xe 'when he had finished eating it he buried [what remained] — nicely buried.' \sd food \sd common \sd body \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.523.4-524.4; Travels22 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx exetšiʔiy \a extšiʔì \ps v \ge finish eating \ge eating, finish \de to finish eating \ee Food may be or is still left over using this verb. \mr [] \cf exe \ce to finish (food); to finish up (food) \xv 1. tšamexetšiʔiy \xe 'they finished eating' [even though they left food on their plates]. \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.525.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx exlele \ps v \ge cry out \de to cry out \et ɕ \ec Compare exlelen ‘to cry out; to shout.’ INZ exlelen ‘to cry out; to shout’ (Whistler 1980: 8; SYBCI 2007: 118) \ee May be a variant of ͽaxlele ‘to squeak.’ \mr [] \xv 1. tsexlelè loʔkaqonòn \xe 'the mouse cries out.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd animals \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.888.2 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx exlew \ps v \ge bite \ge take a bite of \de to bite; to take a bite of \mr [] \cf lew \ce to break away in increments \xv 1. kexlew sipan \xe 'I take a bite of anything.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.525.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx exnekey \cf exnekʔey \ce to gnaw at; to nip at \sd variations \dt 16/Jan/2012 \lx exnekʔey \a exnekey \ps v \ge gnaw at \ge nip at \de to gnaw at; to nip at \mr [] \pd \pdl n \pdv ʔalexnekey \pde to gnaw at.NZ; to nip at.NZ \xv 1. hesipon̓ ʔan tsiyexnekʔey lokaskonin \xe 'this wood the worms are gnawing or eating' (assuming the worms have teeth). \xv 2. ʔalexnekey \xe 'he is biting the surface of a thing as a horse does just biting the skin of another horse.' \xv 3. tsexnekey \xe 'the dog is biting the bone without biting into it.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.525.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx exneqenpi \a exneqenpì \ps v \ge attend to one's business \ge business, attend to one's \ge respect \ge have devotion to \ge devotion to, have \de to attend to one’s business; to respect; to have devotion to \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf eqen \ce to be removed \xv 1. no ʔan kexneqenpi \xe 'I attend to my business.' \xv 2. tsiyexneqenpi \xe 'they put faith in.' \xv 3. kexneqenpi dios \xe 'I have faith in God.' \xv 4. tsiyitpen lokałʔiyexneqenpi \xe 'they remembered their obligations to them.' \xv 5. tsiyexneqenpi lokašiyuštu \xe 'they are devoted to their work.' \xv 6. exneqenpi hekapkoko kahekaptete \xe 'respect thy father and thy mother.' \xv 7. lokakanaʔaʔay kałmasəx ʔan tsiyexneqenpi lyos kilokałyitimasəx ʔan tsiyuskuyus lokałwašətš ʔisilikʔe lokapʔaliwə \xe 'the first three pertain to the honor of God, and the other seven to the benefit of your fellow man.' \sd verbs \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.526.1-527.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx expelepkʔes \ps v \ge burst by standing on \ge standing on, burst by \de to burst by standing on \mr [] \cf pkʔes \ce to burst open; to open from the inside out \xv 1. kexpelepkʔes \xe 'I burst it by standing on it [and giving it the weight of my body].' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.527.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx expen \ps vt \ge sing (to) \de to sing (to) \ee Note that there are no forms ͽexpe or ͽexpen, or ͽʔexpeneš and ͽʔexpenaš. This verb is transitive and must have a pronominal suffix. \mr [] \sy nəw \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalexpenus \pde to sing (to).NZ \cf ʔałʔalexpetš \ce singer for the dancers \cf ʔalexpetš \ce singer \cf expetš \ce to sing (for dancers) \xv 1. hukexpenus \xe 'I am goint to sing him a song.' \xv 2. hukexpenił \xe 'I am going to sing to you.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.528.1; Daughter104 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx expetš \ps v \ge sing (for dancers) \de to sing (for dancers) \ee However, singers for Indian dancers were called ʔiʔiałʔałnəw. Means about the same as ʔiʔałʔalexpetš. \mr [] \sy nəw \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalexpetš \pde to sing (for dancers).NZ \cf ʔalexpetš \ce singer \cf expen \ce to sing (to) \xv 1. hukexpetš \xe 'I am going to sing.' \xv 2. ʔalexpetš \xe 'he is a singer.' \xv 3. no ʔan kexpetš \xe 'I sing as accompaniment for a dance.' \xv 4. ʔalexpenus \xe 'he is going to sing to him.' \xv 5. kexpetš \xe 'I sing' (and don’t know why; just careless). \sd verbs \sd language \sd culture \sd religion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.147.3, 492.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx exseqe \ps v \ge bite off \de to bite off \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. kilakʰan sałwalisukumuʔus ʔan tsexseqenus ʔišlewutš \xe 'when they get near to the cattle they bite a piece of meat off.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.528.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx extełhew \ps n \ge wind (kind) \de wind (kind) \ee Harrington’s consultant was uncertain what wind this word specified. The cognate form in Barbareño, ͽextelew, means ‘north wind to blow’ (Whistler 1980: 9), but there is a separate Ventureño form with this meaning: ͽaqtawaq ‘to be the north wind blowing; north wind’ \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI extelew ‘north wind to blow,’ INZ extelelew ‘wind to blow from the north,’ ROS ʼextelew ‘north wind’ (Whistler 1980: 9; SYBCI 2007: 119; Beeler & Klar 1977: 65) \mr [] \cf axtawaq \ce I. north wind II. to be the north wind blowing \sd elements \sd meteorology \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.528.3-529.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx exwepʔe \ps v \ge cry out \ge whistle \de to cry out; to whistle \mr [] \xv 1. tsamexwepʔe \xe 'they cry out.' \xv 2. lokakʰwitš tsexwepʔè kiyəlaʔa tsmutaxmakʰ \xe 'when the hawk whistles, all stop stupefied.' \sd language \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.22.4 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx exwewek \rd exwewewek \ps v \ge tear with the teeth \ge teeth, tear with the \de to tear with the teeth \mr [] \cf wewek \ce to have a tear; to be torn \xv 1. kexwewek \xe 'I break off one piece with my teeth.' \xv 2. tsexwewek \xe 'he makes one piece with his teeth.' \xv 3. tsexwewewek sipapeł lokayum \xe 'the rat tears the paper up into tiny shreds or pieces with the teeth.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd food \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.529.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx exwewewek \cf exwewek \ce to tear with the teeth \sd variations \dt 16/Jan/2012 \lx əhə \cf ʔəhə \ce to be many; to be much \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx əhəʔən \a əhəʔə̀n \ps v \ge too much, be \ge be too much \ge much, be too \de to be too much \cf ʔałsapəhəʔən \ce one who makes bursts of light; glowworm \cf apəhəʔən \ce to burn; to be on fire \cf əhəy \ce to be older; to be grown up \cf sapəhəʔən \ce to make a big flash of light \cf səhəʔəʔən \ce to take many/much \xv 1. lašəhəʔən ʔišʰutiyək hekasplatu \xe 'he puts too much food on his plate.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.544.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx əhəy \ps v \ge older, be \ge grown up, be \de to be older; to be grown up \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼɨhɨy ‘much, many,’ INZ ʼɨhɨy, ‘to be long/tall’ (Whistler 1980: 12; SYBCI 2007: 164) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaləhəy \pde to be older.NZ; to be grown up.NZ \cf ʔaləhəy \ce to be grown up; to become adult \cf əhəʔən \ce to be too much \cf ləhəy \ce to grow \cf tanaʔaləhəy \ce bigger one; older one \xv 1. kaʔaləhəy sikišʰin \xe 'he is older than I.' \xv 2. kaʔaləhəy sipišʰin \xe 'he is older than you.' \xv 3. kaqunup sikišʰin \xe 'he is younger than I.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd lifecycle \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.544.4-545.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx əmə \cf ʔəmə \ce to be mute \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -əš \cf -Vš \ce resultative suffix \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -ətš \cf -Vtš \ce property verbalizing suffix \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx əwə- \cf ʔəwə- \ce negative irrealis verb prefix \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx fisga \ps n \ge slingshot \de slingshot \gn fisga [fizga] \dn fisga [fizga] \ee Note that this word in Spanish most commonly refers to a two pronged trident or similar device used for fishing. \mr [] \xv 1. tsalisuwaya lokasfisga \xe 'he raises his slingshot.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \lg TJPH \rf 89.209.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx fosforo \ps n \ge match \de match \mr [] \xv 1. axakšit fósforo \xe 'give me a match.' \sd tools \sd heat \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 90.175.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx franses \ps n \ge French (people) \de French (people) \mr [] \xv 1. lokafranses ʔan tšiyitšʔemetšešwu lokaʔaleman \xe 'the French are enemies of the Germans.' \sd people \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH \rf 91.511.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -h \ps suf \ge nominalizing suffix \de nominalizing suffix \ee This appears to function synchronically as a type of relectual nominalizing suffix. However, it may simply be a historical remnant of noun classifier, which would explain why the suffix is not found on all nouns. The suffix usually only survives in suffixed or reduplicated forms of a root. Glossed as NZ.I. \xv 1. tšiqipš ʔiti ʔi šup siʰkuhkuʔu \xe 'this world is full of people.' \sd suffixes \sd nsuffixes \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ha- \ps pre \de -meaning uncertain- \ee This is possibly a typographical error meant to represent ͽhal . \xv 1. ʔašnəm huptšoho hapšuqonəšpiyit \xe 'then you will cease to make fun of me.' \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \rf Glutton123 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx haʔa \ph hɑˈˀɑ \a há \va (há) \ps excl \ge a-ha! \de a-ha! \ee Exclamation of surprise. \sd exclamations \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Travels73 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx haa \ps excl \ge aha! \de aha! \ee An exclamation similar in meaning to "ah yes!" \xv 1. haa musʔił ʔiti ʔišup kin tšaqwin šəpəšiwaš \xe 'aha! there is no other in the world [but] Coyote alone.' \sd phrases \sd exclamations \lg TJPH \rf Travels30 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx haha \ph ˈhɑhɑ \a hahà \ps excl \ge hey! \de hey! \ee An exclamation of gladness. \sd exclamations \lg JPH \rf 69.951.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx haku \a hakù \ps excl \ge greetings! \ge what's up? \ge hello! \de greetings!; what's up?; hello! \gn ¿que hay? \dn ¿que hay? \ee An informal Chumash greeting. \et *haku \ec Compare BOI haku ‘hello (greeting),’ INZ haku ‘hello (greeting),’ OBI hatʸu ‘hello (greeting)’, PUY haku ‘hello (greeting)’ (Klar 1977: 92) \xv 1. haku kʔaliwə \xe 'how are you brother?' \xv 2. hákù hákù, lahupwašwašətš \xe 'hello, helllo, are you well?' \sd exclamations \sd manners \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.558.2, 559.4; Travels84 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx hal- \a hał- \va (hał-) \ps pre \ge NZ.IRR \ge irrealis nominalizer \de irrealis nominalizer \ee This prefix indicates something that might be. Seems to have a variant ͽł- ‘irrealis nominalizer.’ Glossed as NZ.IRR. \mr [] \xv 1. ʔalasʔił hałʔapʔapwaʔaš ʔan neʔesixmenxmen lokasiyilikʔenutš kakukuʔu \xe 'maybe there were some old houses fallen down where people had lived.' \xv 2. ʔan tšnuxiliwəłtš kəwə musʔił hałtsʔaxwi \xe 'she felt ashamed because she was naked.' \xv 3. ʔapi nitšiyutʔuxš hałtšaqšanutš sikawayu \xe 'to see if they can smell the dead horse.' \xv 4. ʔasku ʔałxilałtə hałtsʰya \xe 'somebody would see, would come down to the beach.' \xv 5. ʔasku lokałmasəx kakuhkuʔu hałʔatʔaxatš \xe 'which of the three Persons is man?' \xv 6. ʔašnəm huputʔaʔaw hałwə ? \xe 'when are you going to hunt deer?' \xn 'cuando vas ir á cazar venados?' \xv 7. ʔašulišił hałʔałʔelekʔetš \xe 'lest the ͽʔałhelekʔetš will get you.' \xv 8. ʔəhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kaʔiskawkawayuʔu kimusʔił hałʔaluqtiyəw \xe 'he had a lot of cattle and horses and lacked nothing.' \xv 9. ʔəhə ʔišup; ʔipštewe hałtšup (Ϟor łtšup) \xe 'many years; how many years?' \xn 'cuantos años.' \xv 10. ʔipštewe hałʔawhay̓ (Ϟor łʔawhaʔy) \xe 'how many months?' \xn cuantos meses? \xv 11. ʔulakʰin hałkatu \xe 'I would rather have a cat.' \xv 12. ʔula muʔəhə hałtsʔixip, ʔan ʔəwəlasməkənli hałtšpelonušaʔaš \xe 'if he did not earn a lot he would not go so far to shear.' \xv 13. ʔulamusʔił hałʔasukał ʔan əwəsamaqmił site \xe 'if it were not for the sugar, nobody would drink tea.' \xn 'si no fuera por el azucar, no tomarían te.' \xv 14. axakšit fósforo ! \xe 'give me a match!' \xv 15. axakšit hałpʰnə ! \xe 'give me fire!' \xv 16. heʔištəʔəniwaš ʔan ʔałtšʔošoy musʔił hałtšwaqšik \xe 'the dog is pure black all over.' \xv 17. hesixʔanwa ʔan hałtsqałtsutiłmu \xe 'this woman doesn’t have any underskirts.' \xv 18. hałnawa šaqša, ʔan pitiyepit \xe 'when he dies, tell me.' \xn 'cuando se muera, avisame.' \xv 19. hesixʔanwa ʔan munašulišwaš hałʔatʔaxatš \xe 'this girl has never had any man' (this is the way to say she is a virgin). \xv 20. no ʔan musiyʔuwit hałtštep, payikʔula ʔəhə hałtštep lokaxayanəš ʔan musiyʔuwit \xe 'fleas don’t bite me, no matter how fleay the bed is they don’t bite me.' \xv 21. neʔešiyušʰowunwaš lokašiyʔapʰanəšmuʔu yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu kineʔemusʔił hałku hešaʔapʔapʰanəšmuʔu \xe 'they had left their villages, there were no people.' \xv 22. hesiyʔiyʔałnuna ʔiti ʔan musiyʔuw hałtuq, kilokaʔiyʔałnuna sonora ʔan tsiyawəy kisiyʔuw \xe 'the Indians here didn’t eat grasshoppers but the natives of Sonora roasted grasshoppers and ate them.' \xv 23. huki hałptaktə ? \xe 'what did you kill when hunting?' \xv 24. huki hałptałhəw ? \xe what sex did you give birth to? \xv 25. huki hałštałhəw ? \xe 'what did she give birth to?' \xv 26. hukuliʔiš hešiknuxš, kimuhukyutʔuxš hałwaxanəš \xe 'I am going to hold my nose (because of the bad smell) so I won’t smell the feces.' \xv 27. hupnaʔał hałtsʔap lokapʔaqtšummu \xe 'go to the house of your loved one.' \xn 'vas par la casa de aquella que te gusta muncho.' \xv 28. ikšit hałtšlewutš hałtspəy ! \xe 'give me a piece of ice!' \xv 29. ikšit hałtšlewutš losipan ! \xe 'give me a piece of bread!' \xv 30. kamušuštəł hałʔo \xe 'and she didn’t find any water.' \xv 31. kanawa musʔił hałʔaoxonišpi \xe 'when there is nothing to be afraid of.' \xv 32. kanawa skitwo lokaxʔanwa ʔan tšnuxiliwəłtš kəwə musʔił hałtsʔaxwi \xe 'when the woman had gotten out of the water she felt ashamed because she was naked.' \xv 33. kasʔip, "ʔiyiwałtə̀ (Ϟor ʔisukitwo) ʔiyikuw ! hałtšnaləʔəš, musamsuhuki ʔitì" \xe 'and Eagle said, "get him out of here and give him the direction like he deserves! they don’t want him here" ' (more literally, ‘they don’t appreciate him here’). \xv 34. kaštapi hesoʔo kʔuwe musʔalaqʰwaʔay hałtštapi yəlaʔa heʔisʔaʔmaʔmə \xe 'she came into the water, but she could not put her whole body (into the water).' \xv 35. kəpə ʔan neʔemuksuyasinayiʔiy hałʔeqey, tsiyʔuw siksələyət, tšiyušxaxš hekakʰintaštaʔaš, musʔił hałkaxkat kimusʔił lukałyikuswu \xe 'I am not going to keep chickens any longer, they eat my siembras and scratch up my plants and I have no swill to give them.' \xv 36. kikakʰkumli ʔan ʔəhə siku salamalitlitkʔəy ʔan neʔemuštəʔəʔən hałkušiʔik kałwašətš suknaʔał \xe 'but when I arrived there were lots of people already there waiting and my pain wasn’t very bad any more and it seemed good to me to go.' \xv 37. kipiyiqip hałʔoxšoləš ! \xe 'fill it with urine!' \xv 38. kisisaquteqenpì hałʔalalinetʰpi hesʔałqisəniyuw \xe 'they dealt with it the same as that [the sun] which was/is seen.' \xv 39. kiyʔuwʔuwlilo mukiqisə hałtsyət hukiqisə neʔeštapi, kəwə mukiyalitkʔəywaš \xe 'we were eating and did not see her enter, when we saw her she had already entered, and all the same we didn’t wait for her.' \xv 40. ksukumu hałtšʔułyinaʔaš \xe 'I measured its length.' \xv 41. kʰanpqisə hałtsalotoyi lahuki ʔan upsuyawatihin kəwə mukapʰin \xe 'when you see something tossed aside, do not pick it up because it isn’t yours.' \xv 42. laʔkʰan ʔisʔəhə ʔišluyət loʔkapon̓ ʔan tsamaqtəʔəp muštšum kałtsameqweł hałtomoł \xe 'knotty wood is no good for canoes.' \xv 43. laʔkʰan pqisə hałku ʔałkumeł ʔisenhes, ʔan weleqenuw ! \xe 'then you will see a man with a bad spirit, get rid of him!' \xv 44. lakʰan hałpsuyasukitwo \xe 'when you want to get the spider out of his hole.' \xv 45. lakʰan hałtšaqša ʔan pitiyepit kihuknaʔał \xe 'in case I die, tell me where I will go.' \xv 46. lakʰan hałtšawša ʔan pitiyepit kihuknaʔał \xe 'in case he dies, tell me so that I can go.' \xv 47. latšʔił šitšotšonəʔəš sałmuməʔək hałtsinałnaʔał \xe 'there are some fish that do not get very far before the big ones eat them.' \xv 48. loʔismaʔam santa malya munašulišwaš hałʔatʔaxatš, tseqweł lokaʔenhešeš \xe 'in the Virgin Mary, still virgin, conceived by the Holy Spirit.' \xv 49. lokaʔałhaputš ʔan payikʔula ʔəhə hałtšyaqškuwaxanpi ʔan numiš ʔisiyʔuw \xe 'they eat meat even though it is maggoty.' \xv 50. lokamamawaš ʔan lawaʔaʔay ʔišeqenutš munasʔił hałšukepeš \xe 'my grandmother was born long ago when there were not any baptized yet.' \xv 51. lokanaštəʔəʔə kqunup ʔan neʔemusʔił hałxanti, neʔeyəlaʔa šukšukepeʔeš \xe 'when I was a child there were already no more gentiles, all were baptized.' \xv 52. masəxú hałlyos? ; mə, pakeʔet silyos saʔałtsaqtawasə \xe 'are there three gods? no, one god, it is the truth.' \xv 53. muhupihin hałʔo ! \xe 'do not go to fetch any water!' \xv 54. muhusalaqwaʔay hałtšnałpiʔi hesimuwu \xe 'it will not well ride the.' \xv 55. mukpošʰotš hałkʔalaqikʔik kilatšə sikʔetsʰe \xe 'who knows what disturbs me that makes me sneeze.' \xv 56. mulašʔiłwaʔaš hałʔatʔaxatš łʔałtakʰuy tsriflé \xe 'there was not one man who had a rifle.' \xv 57. munakqišənwaš hałtsʔohoy hałʔalaxʔutʔu tšaqwin hešaʔatʔaxatš səʔəqəy \xe 'there is no other animal as envious as the rooster.' \xv 58. munakqišənwaš hałtšušušpayuswu \xe 'I have never seen him in the act of digging them out.' \xv 59. munakutiyəkwaš hałtomoł \xe 'I never rode in a canoe .' \xv 60. nełkaʔaʔan hałpkawayu ? \xe 'what is the nature of the horse?' \xv 61. nelupnetus hałhupnunaʔał ? \xe 'how are you going to carry it?' \xv 62. nipeqwełwaš hałʔatəšwənəš \xe 'you did/made spells/potions.' \xv 63. nitsʔił hałpqołnowo ? \xe 'haven’t you a hut?' \xv 64. niwašətš hałpwe ? ; hihiʔi kalinaxyəʔət \xe 'have you slept well? ; yes, all night.' \xv 65. wašətš ʔisitu, payikʔulaməʔək hałtsyət hałku ʔan tsiyitaq \xe 'the antelopes have good ears, they hear anybody coming no matter how far off .' \xv 66. yəlaʔa lokalamnikətus ʔan lašnəkəkš ʔisʔuw, musʔiʔił hałʔalaxyikus malʔiʔiʔi latsnewuts lokaliqisqisə \xe 'all that they brought her she at all herself, to none of those looking on did she feed.' \xv 67. yikuw hałwaštʔuyaš ! \xe 'give them line!' \xv 68. munakʰqisənwaš hałʔałnehét hè \xe 'I have never seen the like of this before.' \xv 69. mupałhaš hałlamusʔił \xe 'thou shalt not say anything in vain.' \xv 70. mupaxsususwu lokahinhinaʔaš siyʔałmukapʰin \xe 'do not desire things belonging to others.' \xv 71. mupšuyałhaš hałlapxuyuw ! \xe 'speak no lies!' \xv 72. mupʔip hałmuwašəʔəʔətš ! \xe 'tell no falsehood!' \xv 73. mupʔip hałmuwašəʔəʔətš kimupxuyuw ! \xe 'do not give false testimony nor lie!' \xv 74. mupsuyapət ʔasitsʔuqił hałmantaraya ! \xe 'look out lest you step on a stingray and he pierce you!' \xv 75. mupsuyaxunimày hałšəʔəł ! \xe 'do not deceive a poor person!' \xv 76. nehet tsip hałpoqwoli ? \xe 'how’s your imagination?' \xv 77. neʔešqaqš kahe neʔemusʔił hałtšʔišmekʔew̓ \xe 'she was already bald and she no longer had any eyebrows.' \xv 78. musʔił hałʔalxułtsʔəy payikʔulaštołmow ʔan numiš tsʔuw \xe 'he is not easily disgusted by food (or fussy with food), he eats any rotten stuff.' \xv 79. musʔił ʔitʔepeš, musʔił hał tsʰwey, yəlaʔa musʔił \xe 'there is no chia, there is no tarweed, there is nothing.' \xv 80. musʔił hałʔaxwi \xe 'no there are no clothes.' \xv 81. musʔił hałpon̓ \xe 'it has no trees' (said of hill). \xv 82. musʔił hałtəptəpʰə̀ \xe 'there isn’t any forest.' \xv 83. musʔił hałtšotšonəʔəš hałʔaleleqpeyus lokakorvina kəwə tšaqnitšum ʔisʔamə \xe 'there is no fish better tasting than the corvina.' \xv 84. musʔił tsʔohoy hałʔałxuyuw tšaqwin \xe 'there is no man more of a liar than he.' \xv 85. musʔiʔił hałʔalaxyikus maliʔiʔi latsnewuts lokaliqisqisə sinawa sʔuwlilo \xe 'she didn’t even give a little piece to any of the on-lookers when she ate.' \xv 86. musʔił hałʔałxułtsʔəyə payikʔulaštołmow ʔan numiš tsʔuw \xe 'he eats any rotten stuff.' \xv 87. musʔiliniʔiy hałtsʔohoy hałʔałpelonušaš \xe 'there is no other shearer better than he.' \xv 88. museqwelus hałtsʔap \xe 'he didn’t make it any cage.' \xv 89. yikuw hałwaštʔuyaš ! \xe 'give them line!' \xv 90. yəlaʔa lokalamnikətus ʔan lašnəkəkš ʔisʔuw, musʔiʔił hałʔalaxyikus malʔiʔiʔi latsnewuts lokaliqisqisə \xe 'all that they brought her she at all herself, to none of those looking on did she feed.' \xv 91. tsʰusamha payikʔula məʔək hałtsyət hałku \xe 'he hears anybody coming far off.' \xv 92. wašətš ʔisitu, payikʔulaməʔək hałtsyət hałku ʔan tsiyitaq \xe 'the antelopes have good ears, they hear anybody coming no matter how far off.' \xv 93. tsʔip, “ʔaskúkù ʔałʔałkepkeʔep hekakʰkepmu?” kiwə munašištiyepušwaš hałtskumi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'he said, “Who is bathing in my pool?” For they had not told him of the arrival of the woman.' \xv 94. tsʔip ʔalaxuwəł, “ʔikšit hałpawə́y hałʔantipšnekéy̓, ktolók.” \xe 'Coyote said, “Give me one of the lizards you are roasting, I am hungry.” ' \xv 95. tskumu saʔawhay̓ kikasʰununa simuʔił hałtšquntštutukš heʔištəq \xe 'at the end of four months she was already beginning to have no more wrinkles on her face.' \xv 96. tsikumli mitsqanaqan̓ kasila payikʔula nehałlusininuna (Ϟor nełtsininuna) lokatok \xe 'they arrived at Ventura or wherever they went to fetch it.' \xv 97. musisunuwus hałklawus, sitipəš, sisunuwus lokatok \xe 'they used to use no nails, they sewed them with hemp.' \xv 98. muwašətš hałtsʔamamə \xe 'its body is homely.' \xv 99. mušiyušʰolit hałlahukiliklikʔe \xe 'they don’t let you sit down in peace.' \xv 100. mušnałpiʔi hałxus loʔkaʔałpənə̀kʰ tšaqʰwìn loʔkaʔałtəpʰə̀ kaałʔaqʰtšum ʔišnałpiʔì loʔkaxùs \xe 'the bear does not go in there [in the clearing], it is the forest alone where the bear likes to go.' \xv 101. mušpošʰotš hałtšwalaməšʔəʔš lokasʰinpiloxoł \xe 'he does not know the weight of the beans (he raises).' \xv 102. mušʰutšoho hałtsʰalaqwaʔay heʔisquyuw \xe 'it neither knows how to compose its lies.' \xv 103. payikʔulane hałtšnałnaʔał hemišup \xe 'it goes everywhere on the ground.' \xv 104. pi ʔan palaktaxtawašə hałkʔilikʔentšteʔš \xe 'you have come to speak the truth as.' \xv 105. pyikus hałhuspełwe lokaʔalaxtskumu \xe 'thou shalt give a sleeping place to the wanderer .' \xv 106. pʰpošotš hú hałʔaleqenpi loʔkašʰaʔay tslow̓ ? \xe 'do you know the fate of the Eagle’s daughter?' \xv 107. soxwoʔo ʔan lamusʔił hałʔałnawša \xe 'he burst out crying without cause.' \xv 108. psəhəʔəʔən hałpʰin ! \xe 'take much!' \xv 109. tsalumulit ʔan tsʔipit kʰan pqisənwu hałʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš ʔan mupwatinowo ʔapitaq hałʔiyʔipʔipʰpi \xe 'my grandmother counseled me not to suddenly stand by a bunch of men to listen what they are talking about.' \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \rf Coyo Line35; Daughter37 \dt 08/Oct/2019 \lx halala \ps v \ge bushy-topped, be \ge entangled, be \ge bushy-haired, be \de to be bushy-topped; to be entangled; to be bushy-haired \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałhalala \pde to be bushy-topped.NZ; to be entangled.NZ \xv 1. hukʰalala \xe 'I am going to be bushy-haired.' \xv 2. hukʔałhalala \xe 'I am going to be bushy-haired.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔałhalala \xe 'I am with hair standing up' (as when one is frightened). \xv 4. ʔałhalala \xe 'he is bushy-haired' (said of a man whose hair stands on end all the time). \xv 5. tsʰalàlà \xe 'its branches are entangled' (said of coral). \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd body \lg JPH \rf 70.197; 89.558.3-559.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx hamisar \ps n \ge hamisar \de hamisar \ee This is the name of a specific herb. Word origin is Tongvan. \xv 1. tsisʰunuwus šitaštaʔaš kaštə hamisar kašiyʔałhašəʔəš siyiʔiyʔałnuna \xe 'and they used an herb called hamisar from the San Fernando language.' \sd plants \sd borrowings \sd language \sd Tongva \lg JPH \rf Glutton142 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx hamu \ps prcl \ge or \de or \xv 1. hukí ʔatʔaxatš hamu xʔanwàù ? \xe 'is it a male or a female?' (said of asking about a newborn). \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 88.423.2, 89.43; 94.204 \dt 21/Sep/2018 \lx hap \rd tsʰapʰaʔap \rd tsʰaptsʰaʔap \ps n \ge horn \ge pair of horns \ge horns, pair of \de horn; pair of horns \cf ʔałhaputš \ce head (of cattle); livestock; meat (beef) \xv 1. tsʰap \xe 'its horn.' \xv 2. loʔisʰap siwaka \xe 'the cow's two horns.' \xv 3. lokaʔiʔałʔułʔułyi ʔisʰap \xe 'long-horned cattle.' \xv 4. loʔištək ʔisʰap kasʔił ʔištəq \xe 'the snail has eyes at the tips of its antennae.' \xv 5. tšluhəʔən lokasʰap kawə, kʔuwe lokaqʰaq ʔan latšlupakeʔet, pakeʔet ʔisʰap \xe 'deer has horns with many branches but the antelope's horn grows straight without branches.' \sd animals \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 89.560.1-561.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx haw \a haw̓ \va (haw̓) \ps n \ge fox \de fox \ee This form does not seem to have cognates in BOI, CRZ, or INZ. \et ɕ \ec Compare ROS tšahawtšahaw ‘fox’ (Harrington 1986: 3.71.783.1) \xv 1. huktokšo hesihaw \xe 'I am going to skin the fox.' \xv 2. tsiyaxinaʔał sihaw \xe 'they are dancing the fox [dance].' \xv 3. tsuyeqpeyus lokahaw \xe 'he imitates the fox' (as a man would imitate a fox in a fox dance). \xv 4. tšiyoxonəšpiwu lokahaw̓ \xe 'they are afraid of the fox.' \xv 5. neʔekʰqišənwaš sihaw̓ saʔałtonowš kisitsʔotsʔohoʔoy ʔan tšišušʔutš \xe 'I have seen some foxes with their hair out and others with lots of hair.' \xv 6. ʔiti ʔan tsʔił tsihaw kaloʔisqiłmes ʔan tsʔił sihaw ʔan mukašnehet hesiʔiʔałnuna ʔiti \xe 'there is one kind of fox here and another smaller kind on the islands.' \xv 7. loʔkahaw̓ ʔan yəlàʔà heʔišeqʰweleš heʔisʔàm̓am̓ə ʔan tsyuqʰmitʔì ʔułyi loʔišteleq kinupan tšušʔútš yəlàʔà heʔitspax \xe 'the form of the body of the fox is very exquisite, and it has a long tail and hairy skin.' \xv 8. tsoxwoʔò sihaw \xe 'the fox cries.' \xv 9. haw̓ ʔi ʔałtonowš \xe 'a mangy fox.' \xv 10. tštatłhuw ʔi haw \xe 'fox pups.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd mammals \lg JPH \rf 89.562.1; 90.230.3, 291.2; 91.205.1, 356.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx hawa \rd hawhawaʔa \ps n \ge aunt (mother's sister) \de aunt (mother's sister) \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI xawʼa ‘aunt (mother’s sister),’ INZ hawaʼ ‘aunt (mother’s sister),’ and OBI hamaʼ ‘aunt (mother’s sister)’ (Klar 1977: 117) \cf muk \ce aunt (father's sister); aunt (mother’s brother’s wife) \xv 1. kʰawa \xe 'my aunt.' \xv 2. kapʰhawa \xe 'your mother's sister.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 72.244.4; 90.77.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx hawhawaʔa \ps n \ge aunt (mother's sister).REDUP \de aunt (mother's sister).REDUP \cf hawa \ce aunt (mother's sister) \sd reduplications \dt 30/Nov/2010 \lx haw̓ \cf haw \ce fox \sd variations \dt 16/Jan/2012 \lx hayaya \a hayayan \va (hayayan-) \ps v \ge bloated, be \ge stomach, have a bloated \ge swollen, be \ge risen, be \de to be bloated; to have a bloated stomach; to be swollen; to be risen \ee Harrington notes that this also said of swollen rice, dough, etc. \cf ʔałhayaya \ce seasponge \cf nipswoko \ce to pain the stomach of \xv 1. tsʰayayanit \xe 'I have swollen intestines' (swollen with gas). \xv 2. tsʰayayanit (hesikmut) \xe 'I am bloated with wind in my belly.' \sd body \sd health \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 89.557.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx he \cf heʔ \ce proximal demonstrative; this \sd variations \dt 29/Jan/2012 \lx he- \cf heʔ- \ce proximal demonstrative prefix; this \sd variations \dt 16/Jul/2011 \lx heʔ \pl hewu \a he \va (he) \ps dem \ge DEM.PROX \ge this \ge proximal demonstrative \de proximal demonstrative; this \ee This demonstrative indicates proximity to the deictic center. Glossed as DEM.PROX. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI heʼ ‘here; this,’ INZ heʼ ‘this,’ OBI hi- ‘this’ (Klar 1977: 45) \cf heʔ- \ce proximal demonstrative prefix; this \cf hewu \ce plural proximal demonstrative; these \cf kahe \ce coordinating conjunction \cf kaye \ce this which is \cf loʔ \ce distal demonstrative; that; there \xv 1. munakʰqisənwaš hałʔałnehét hè \xe 'I have never seen the like of this before.' \xv 2. huki he ? \xe 'what is this?' \xv 3. ʔaskusʔaxhe ? \xe 'whose bow is this?' \xv 4. hukiʔaskusya he ? \xe 'whose arrow is this?' \xv 4. ʔaskusxəphe ? \xe 'whose stone is this?' \xv 5. ʔaskusxəp lo ? \xe 'whose rock is that?' \xv 6. musʔił tsʔohoy kin tšaqwin he \xe 'there is no more of this.' \xv 7. yəlaʔa he kałmušiyaqtšum siyʔiyʔałnuna kukamoŋa kikašiyišmotš šipakpakəwaš kikasitipeqenpi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'all this did not please the people and the old men held a meeting to discuss the woman.' \sd locations \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.192.4, 291.3-292.4, 562.2-563.4; Glutton27 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx heʔ- \a he- \va (he-) \ps det \ge DET.PROX \de proximal demonstrative prefix; this \ee This determiner indicates a noun is close to the deitic center. Glossed as DET.PROX. \cf heʔ \ce proximal demonstrative; this \cf loʔ- \ce distal demonstrative prefix; that; the \xv 1. tspiłpiłnowo lokatomoł losiyikikmén̓ (Ϟor hesiyikikmén̓) \xe 'the boat goes jumping along through the waves.' \sd locations \sd determiners \sd demonstratives \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx hehe \ps excl \ge aw! \de aw! \ee An exclamation of sadness. \sd exclamations \lg JPH \rf 69.951.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx helek \ps n \ge conical packbasket \ge packbasket, conical \de conical packbasket \ee This kind of basket was bigger than the ͽwatʔik. They carried the ͽhelek in a carrying net. \mr [] \cf ʔałhelekʔetš \ce woman who captures boys \cf woni \ce bucket packbasket \xv 1. hesikʰelek \xe 'my packbasket.' \xv 2. lokakʰelek \xe 'my packbasket.' \xv 3. hesipʰelek \xe 'your packbasket.' \sd basketry \sd culture \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.564.4-565.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx hen- \ps pre \de -meaning uncertain- \xv 1. no ʔan musʔił kʰinlyos hentšaqwin hešiʔišaw̓ \xe 'for me there is no God other than the Sun.' \sd prefixes \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.566.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx hesukilistu \a hesus kristo \va (hesus kristo) \ps n \ge Jesus Christ \de Jesus Christ \mr [] [] \xv 1. hukaqləwə hesukilistu \xe 'I assist communion' (lit., I swallow Jesus Christ). \xv 2. kahe hesukilistu, katšaqwin ʔiswop \xe 'and Jesus Christ his only son.' \xv 3. kanawa šeqwełtšaši šaʔatʔaxatš kakitənus hesukilistu \xe 'when He was made Himself man they called Him Jesus Christ.' \xv 4. yəlaʔa hesitaktaktəʔəš ʔan tšʔiqałkənəʔət hesus kristo kisiyenhespi kilakəkš lokamula kałmuštiyət tšipipšoš kismaqutinaʔał \xe 'all the animals got in a circle around Jesus Christ who they warmed, but the mule alone did not draw near, he was puffing and snorting and he went away.' \sd religion \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 89.566.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx hesus kristo \cf hesukilistu \ce Jesus Christ \sd variations \dt 29/Jan/2012 \lx hew \ps n \ge pelican \de pelican \gn alcatraz \dn alcatraz \et *sew \ec Compare BOI xew̓ ‘pelican,’ CRZ hew ‘pelican,’ INZ hew ‘pelican,’ OBI sewene ‘pelican’ (Klar 1977: 103) \xv 1. tsenhes ʔi hew \xe 'flying fish' (literally, ‘soul of pelican’). \xv 2. lokahew ʔan tsił išmeš hemišup ʔisʔaqʰləw \xe 'the pelican has a bag under its throat.' \xv 3. tsxoyoyo kanawa tsqisə̀ lokašex kisutoqʔopʰ \xe 'it flies and when it sees a sardine it dives.' \xv 4. tsiyałpu lokašotšonəš kaałʔixoyòyò. tsisusʰamha lokahew kasiyutoqʔopʰ kamusikitʰwoniʔì \xe 'it [the pelican] goes around the school of flying fish. when they sense the pelican, they dive down and do not come out again.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd ocean \sd fish \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx hewu \sg heʔ \ps pro \ge these \ge plural proximal demonstrative \de plural proximal demonstrative; these \gn estos \dn estos \ee Harrington notes that this word is used independently. \mr [] \cf heʔ \ce proximal demonstrative; this \cf heʔ- \ce proximal demonstrative prefix; this \cf loʔwu \ce plural distal demonstrative; those \sd pronouns \sd locations \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.564.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx həʔ \a hə́ʔ \ps excl \ge oh \de oh \ee An exclamation of disappointment. \sd exclamations \sd phrases \sd particles \lg JPH \rf Travels44 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx həkwə \ps v \ge unburden oneself \ge lay down one’s load \de to unburden oneself; to lay down one’s load \cf həkwənmu \ce place to lay bundles down \xv 1. kʰəkwə \xe 'I threw down or set down my load from my back' (to rest or when I reach a destination). \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.567.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx həkwənmu \ps n \ge place to lay bundles down \de place to lay bundles down \mr həkwə [] \cf həkwə \ce to unburden oneself; to lay down one’s load \sd household \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.567.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx həłhəł \ph ˈhǝɬhǝɬ \ps n \ge red pigment consisting of ocher \ge ruddle \de red pigment consisting of ocher; ruddle \gn almagre \dn almagre \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ʼələl ‘red paint; mineral for painting bodies and other things,’ INZ ʼɨlɨl ‘red ochre; hematite’ (J. J. Justo in Harrington 1986: 3.72.329.2; SYBCI 2007: 166) \ee Used to paint bodies for dances. Fernando Librado thought that this paint did not contain mercury, which monəšmu did. \cf aqtayahəł \ce to be the color of a red snake \cf monəšmu \ce iron oxide of red \cf šətəłhəł \ce ant (large red species) \cf yahəł \ce red snake (species) \xv 1. mupaqʰtšwaw̓àtš loʔisameqweł sihəłhəł \xe 'it is not difficult for you to make paint with this ruddle.' \xv 2. nełtsʔił losihəłhəł ? \xe 'where do they get the ruddle?' (lit., where is the ruddle?). \sd colors \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 72.237.1; 81.25.4; 89.568.1-569.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx hiʔin \cf hin \ce to have \sd variations \dt 29/Jan/2012 \lx hihiʔi \a hihi \a hįhį \ph hɪ̃hɪ̃ˀɪ̥̃ \ph hɪ̃hɪ̃ˀ \va (hįhį) \ps prcl \ge yes \de yes \ee This was used in response to yes/no questions. Harrington’s speaker notes that this word was not used as much in Ventureño as ‘yes’ in English or ‘si’ in Spanish. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI hâ; ʼiʼ ‘yes,’ CRZ i ⁓ iʰ ‘yes,’ INZ he ‘yes’ (Whistler 1980: 88; Beeler & Klar 1977: 132; SYBCI 2007: 608) \xv 1. hįhįʔį, kalinaxyəʔət \xe 'yes, all night' (lit., 'I lasted all night'). \xv 2. hįhįʔ, lakwašwašətš \xe 'yes, I am well.' \xv 3. hįhįʔi̥ oxonišpiyit ! \xe 'yes, yes, be afraid of me!' \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.569.2-570.2 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx hikaʔan \ps prcl \ge why not? \de why not? \gn ¿como no? \dn ¿como no? \sd phrases \sd particles \lg JPH \rf 89.570.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx himhomok \a imhomok \a (imhomok) \ps v \ge feather smth \de to feather smth \ee Harrington notes that his speaker did not know just how the word meant to put feathers on, what kind of feathers were put on, or why the feathers were put on. \xv 1. no ʔan hukʰimhomok \xe 'I am going to feather [smth].' \xv 2. tsʰimhomokit \xe 'he feathered me.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd birds \lg JPH \rf 89.585.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx hin \a ʰin \rd hiʔin \rd hinhin \ps v \ge have \de to have \ee This word also acts something like a pro form for a variety of words. It acts as a 'dummy' noun for marking possession of (petrified) ‘nouns’ (ts nouns that seem to be functioning still as verbs and which cannot take the possession themselves). \cf ʔałhintskonin \ce smn who has a tapeworm \cf aqułhin \ce to peel smth \cf hinhinaʔaš \ce belonging; thing \cf hinutš \ce to have a share in; to have a part in \cf suyahin \ce to want to have \cf suyawatihin \ce to want to stop to get \cf watihin \ce to stop to get \xv 1. ksuyahin saʔałnehet hesikałtaktakʔuy \xe 'I want one like this one I am holding.' \xv 2. lokaməy ʔan katanixaʔax ʔišišʰin lokaʔalaxəwəł \xe 'the wolf was a little bigger than the coyote.' \xv 3. nokš kʰin \xe 'it is mine.' \xv 4. pikš pʰin \xe 'it is yours.' \xv 5. kəkstsʰin \xe 'it is his.' \xv 6. muhupihin hałʔo ! \xe 'do not go to fetch any water!' \xv 7. huki pałhin ? \xe 'what are you doing?' \xv 8. huki lupałhin \xe 'what are you going to do?' \xv 9. huki pałhinhinwaš \xe 'what were you doing?' \xv 10. hesikʰin ʔałhaputš \xe 'my meat.' \xv 11. hesikʰinhinʔałhaputš \xe 'my cattle.' \xv 12. pʰin tsupałʔuw \xe 'take what you are going to eat.' \xv 13. hesikʰin tsiyełʔiku \xe 'my bead,' (cannot say here *hesikʰtsiyełʔiku). \xv 14. hukihiʔin ʔispeʔey \xe 'let's go gathering flowers.' \xv 15. hesiya ʔan no kakʰin \xe 'this arrow is mine.' \xv 16. hesiya ʔan kikə kakihin \xe 'this arrow is ours.' \xv 17. ksuyahin ʔištəʔəniwaš \xe 'I would like to have a dog.' \xv 18. ʔulakʰin hałkatu \xe 'I would rather have a cat.' \xv 19. hesipon̓ ʔan tsʰin tskonin \xe 'this pole is wormy.' \xv 20. lokayəw ʔan kaxaʔax ʔišišhin lokaʔayuwhat \xe 'the large winnowing basket (ͽyəw) is bigger than the small winnowing basket (ͽʔayuwhat).' \xv 21.kaywu ʔan tšišʔipiyuw kiškə huki pšałhinhin \xe 'they told us what you two are doing.' \xv 22. kikasʰin lokaʔoqwo kisʰukaliʔin lokasʔoqwo kʔuwe lokaluʰtš ʔan qnowowo \xe 'he took the hair and measured it with his own and the hair that he found was shorter.' \xv 23. kʰoko, hinit (idiom), ʔəhə šikšik no ʔan kʰin šitšnuyu kikaktikikš heʔišyəwəš \xe 'papa, louse me, I have a lot of lice' (idiom). \xv 24. kasusihinwu (Ϟor kasusiyulišwu) šitšotšonəʔəš \xe 'they taught them to catch fish.' \sd common \sd verbs \lg (TJPH; JPH) \rf 89.571.2-; 94.326.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx hinhin \ps v \ge have.REDUP \de to have.REDUP \cf hin \ce to have \sd reduplications \dt 07/Jun/2011 \lx hinhinaʔaš \ps n \ge belonging \ge thing \de belonging; thing \gn cosa \dn cosa \mr [] \cf hin \ce to have \xv 1. yəlaʔa losipʰinhinaʔaš \xe 'all your things.' \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.578.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx hinutš \ps v \ge have a part in \ge part in, have a \ge have a share in \ge share in, have a \de to have a share in; to have a part in \mr [] \cf hin \ce to have \xv 1. kʰewali šipʰinutš \xe 'here is your share.' \sd food \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.580.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx his \a hís \ps onom \ge hiss \de hiss \ee Onomatopeic of a hissing noise. \xv 1. hís nayisapipne ʔištəq saʔanaxpak soʔo \xe 'hiss! it goes off like a fire cracker broken open in the middle [?in the] face of the one stingy with water.' \xv 2. mupkitwoʔo hemitəpə lapiliklikʔe ʔitimaʔam! \xe 'don’t go outdoors, stay in here!' (said to child). \sd onomatopoeia \lg JPH \rf Travels89 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx hiwey \ps n \ge pass \ge crack \ge intergluteal cleft \ge buttcrack \de pass; crack; intergluteal cleft; buttcrack \mr [] \cf wey \ce I. notch; buttcrack; groove II. to break through (as is said of a river); to be fluted; to be notched; to wane (said of the moon) \xv 1. kasʰiwey \xe (any) 'crack/pass.' \xv 2. hesikʰiwey \xe 'the crack between my buttocks.' \sd geography \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.590.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -hop- \ps vroot \ge together, be \de be together \cf ikołhop \ce to be piled up; to pile \cf sumohop \ce to invite; to make gather together \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx hoqš \ps n \ge gall \de gall \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI šʰoqš ‘gall’ (Whistler 1980: 63) \xv 1. sikʰoqš \xe 'my gall.' \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.580.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx hoti \ps n \ge cormorant \ge shag (bird) \de cormorant; shag (bird) \ee Described as being big and black billed. This word was also used for a kind of bird with a white breast and long bill. \xv 1. lokahoti ʔan ʔəmə \xe 'the cormorant is mute.' \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1; 71.465.1-466.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx how \ps v \ge have (sebaceous) cysts \ge cysts, have (sebaceous) \de to have (a) (sebaceous) cyst(s) \gn lobanillos, tener \gn tener lobanillos \dn tener lobanillos \cf tsʰow \ce hill \xv 1. no ʔan kʰow \xe 'I have a cyst.' \xv 2. kikə ʔan kiyʔałhow (Ϟor kihow) \xe 'we have cysts.' \xv 3. neʔesyət lokaʔatʔaxatš kaʔałʔił ʔisʰow \xe 'there comes the man with the cyst [on his face].' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.581.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx how̓ \cf tsʰow \ce hill \sd variations \dt 29/Jan/2012 \lx hu \a hú \ps prcl \de -meaning uncertain- \xv 1. pʰpošotš hú hałʔaleqenpi loʔkašʰaʔay tslow̓ \xe 'do you know the fate of the Eagle's daughter?' \xv 2. ha! pi hú šəpəšiwaš \xe 'aha! you are Coyote.' \sd particles \lg TJPH \rf Daughter42; Travels108 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx hu- \ps vpre \ge FUT \de future prefix \ee Note also the combining forms nelu (ͽneʔe +ͽla + ͽhu and ͽnel + ͽhu ), ͽhal (ͽhu + ͽʔal ), ͽlu (ͽla + ͽhu ), ͽsu (ͽsi + ͽhu ), and ͽlul (ͽlaʔ + ͽhu + ͽł ) Glossed as FUT. \xv 1. hukʔatšʔəšəš \xe 'I am going to pull out my beard hair.' \xv 2. hušiqipš saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is going to be full.' \xv 3. hukʰkawəy sikawəyəš \xe 'I am going to cut tule.' \xv 4. muhušaqʰša \xe 'he is not going to die.' \xv 5. neʔesiyaxikəhə́, hušišušełxénwu \xe 'the enemies are near and they (the men in ambush) are going to kill everyone of them to the last man.' \xv 6. huktopohonpi hesikpanyu \xe 'I am going to wrap it in my handkerchief.' \xv 7. hukiyaxšəš lokakiyʔaliwə \xe 'we are going to call our brother.' \xv 8. ʔašnəm huputʔaʔaw hałwə? \xe 'when are you going to go hunting?' \xv 9. husʔuwwaʔaš pakeʔet ʔan tsisqisənwaš \xe 'as she was about to eat one she kept looking at it.' \xv 10. musʔił hałtšotšonəʔəš hałʔaleleqpeyus lokakorvina kəwə tšaqnitšum ʔisʔamə \xe 'there is no fish better tasting than the corvina.' \xv 11. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \xv 12. huʔamaxinaʔał \xe 'they are going to have a dance.' \xv 13. ʔalahusixmayit \xe 'maybe I am going to faint away.' \xv 14. neluʔamaxiwił? \xe 'where are they going to have the dance?' \xv 15. nełʔuluknetus kuhukaqwayapiyuw? \xe 'how am I going to revenge myself on you people?' \xv 16. huki luʔamaxinaʔał \xe 'what dance are they going to dance?' \xv 17. kayhušnikʔoyi šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun is already coming back.' \xv 18. lokayumaxatʔam \xe 'the fiesta which he is going to make.' \xv 19. neʔešwašətš lokahukiʔałʔuw \xe 'our meal is ready.' \xv 15. lokaxəp kahałʔowow = sixəp sułʔowow ; hesixəp ʔan husʔowow \xe 'the stone that will be white ; the rock is going to be white.' \sd prefixes \sd chronometry \sd tense \lg JPH \rf 90.413.4 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx huki \hm 1 \ps v \ge appreciate oneself \ge think highly of oneself \de to appreciate oneself; to think highly of oneself \mr [] \cf suhuki \ce to appreciate smn/smth; to think highly of smn/smth \xv 1. no ʔan kʰuki \xe 'I appreciate myself.' \xv 2. no ʔan ksuhukì \xe 'I appreciate him/it.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.1103.1/Roadrunner246-248 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx huki \hm 2 \a hukì \ps pro \ge what \de what \ee This pronoun is used to inquire after or indicate a non human entity ‘what’ \xv 1. huki he? \xe 'what is this?' \xv 2. huki pałhin? \xe 'what are you doing?' \xv 3. huki lupałhin? \xe 'what are you going to do?' \xv 4. kihuki ʔałnaqša? \xe 'of what did he die?' \xv 5. huki palustʔey? \xe 'what did you touch?' \xv 6. huki paluqtiyəw? \xe 'what do you need or lack?' \xv 7. huki hałptaktə? \xe 'what did you kill when hunting?' \xv 8. huki lupʔalsutiyək? ; lokakʔušem̓a? \xe 'in what did you throw it?' ; 'in my jug, shaln’t I?' \xv 9. huki luʔamaxinaʔał? \xe 'what dance are they going to dance?' \xv 10. huki pałhinhinwaš? \xe 'what were you doing?' \xv 11. huki ʔałkuʔumkisqəwə? \xe 'at what time will the ocean be low?' \xv 12. tsmaxayułku, mupqisə lahuki \xe 'it is dark, murky, one cannot see anything.' \xv 13. ksusamha, kʔuwe mukpošotš huki \xe 'I am aware of some sound, but do not know what it is.' \xv 14. huki palaqnitoxlołkʔoy? \xe 'what are you listening to?' \xv 15. kihuki pałqisə? ; musʔił kałqisə \xe 'what are you looking at?' ; 'I am not looking at anything.' \xv 16. huki hałštałhəw? ; qʔanwa \xe 'what did she give birth to?' ; 'a girl.' \xv 17. huki hałptałhəw? ; ksuwheł siqʔanwa \xe 'what sex did you give birth to?' ; 'I gave birth to a girl.' \xv 18. huki ʔałkuʔum kisqəwə? \xe 'at what time is he going to sea?' \xv 19. kaywu ʔan tšišʔipiyuw kiškə huki pšałhinhin \xe 'they told us what you two are doing.' \xv 20. huki pałtsunuwus hesiptekmeł? \xe 'what will thou use for making pinole hand-squeezed cakes?' \xv 21. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan huki ʔałhinhin ʔiti, kałwašətš sukiywałtə kihušnaʔał? \xe 'what is this man doing around here?' \xv 22. kʰan pqisə hałtsalotoyi lahuki ʔan mupsuyawatihin kəwə mukapʰin \xe 'when you see something tossed aside, do not pick it up because it isn’t yours.' \xv 23. tšuštaʔap, mušpošʰotš huki ʔaluštʔey, tšutšaxšəkʔə kišʰuwatšʔə \xe 'she put her hand in and not knowing what it was that she was touching, she was startled and gave a scream.' \xv 24. mupqisə lahukì \xe 'you don’t see anything.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.581.4-89.583.2; 94.203 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx hul- \a huł- \va (huł-) \ps pre \ge DEF \de definite prefix \ee This is Humaliwo dialect. Harrington notes that it means something like the definite article in Spanish. It seems to be interchangeable with loʔka in Mitsqanaqan̓ dialect. Glossed as DEF. \xv 1. kikatssununa ʔišnəw kisaxinaʔał, “napay hułtšʔiwì tšupqitəwəsùs he kapwopo.” \xe 'And he [Coyote] began to sing and dance, “The squirrel jumps up so that he [may] see your grandfather.” ' \sd prefixes \sd dialects \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Roadrunner146-147/69.1095.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx huwał \ps v \ge gamble \de to gamble \gn jugar \dn jugar \mr [] \xv 1. sukitwo šipʔałtšum hukišʰuwał \xe 'get your money out, let us two gamble.' \sd gaming \sd verbs \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.583.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx huya \ps name \ge Huya; present-day Santa Catalina Island \de Huya; present-day Santa Catalina Island \xv 1. lokaku kaʔiyatʔap huya ʔan tšiyaqʰškutiwəšwu sipuyawət \xe 'the people of Santa Catalina domesticated, the condors.' \sd names \sd places \sd geography \lg JPH \rf 71.556.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx huyawət \cf puyawət \ce California condor \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx i- \hm 1 \cf iy- \ce plural number prefix \sd variations \dt 29/Jan/2012 \lx i- \hm 2 \ps vpre \ge TR.I \de transitivizing verbal prefix \ee It is possible that this is a variation (or older variation) of ni . Glossed as TR.I. \sy ni- \cf ʔiqip \ce door \cf ʔiqʔom \ce to be doubled up; to be folded \cf ʔalinetpi \ce form; figure \cf aputiqipš \ce to be filled by means of water \cf imey \ce to streak with \cf imoxpʔow \ce to make curved by working (with tools, etc.) \cf inoqš \ce to cut down (a tree) \cf iqip \ce to fill; to be full \cf iqipus \ce to shut in \cf iwalawakʔay \ce to fall from \cf iwəwə \ce to quiver; to palpitate \cf simoxkowowo \ce to place to one side \cf simoxnowo \ce to erect \cf siqʔom \ce to fold so as to bend back on itself \cf sutiqip \ce to plug; to fill \cf šaqškutałputš \ce to consider; to think about; to be of an opinion \cf ?šutiqipəʔəš \ce caulking \cf šutšʔinoqš \ce to groove around (horizontally); to make a (horizontal) groove around \cf tšʔinoqš \ce groove \cf uliqip \ce to plug a gopher hole (with earth) \cf utiqip \ce to fill \cf xałtsiqʔom \ce to double smth back on itself \cf xałtsiqʔoməš \ce smth bent back on itself \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -i \a -ì \a -í \a -í \ps vsuf \ge CPLV \de completive verbal suffix \ee Idicates that an action has been followed through to the end. Note how it has lexicalized with a number of forms, especially to convey the meaning of 'going home.' \cf -iwaš \ce depreciative noun suffix \cf ʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \ce smn ticklish; smn sensitive to touch \cf ʔalałqoni \ce laugher; smn who is always laughing \cf ʔališawi \ce June (time of heat); summer \cf ʔałmesi \ce I. traitor II. land snail \cf ʔałtšuyaxmušʰaši \ce one who loves him/herself; one who praises him/herself \cf ʔapətinaš \ce slope; ascent \cf aktenhesi \ce to blow (through the nose) \cf alapəti \ce to climb up at night \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \cf apiyi \ce to be a forest fire or conflagration in the mountains \cf aputinikʔoyi \ce to make undertow \cf aqšani \ce to finish; to come to an end; to end \cf aqšəkʔəni \ce to be touchy; to be sensitive to touch or tickling \cf axniwašəši \ce to be indifferent \cf axtanikʔoyi \ce to revive; to come to after a faint \cf axtaxʔuyi \ce to come to after a faint \cf axʔutitapi \ce to barely get in \cf iłnikʔoyi \ce to go out (said of the tide) \cf iłyəti \ce to come in (said of the tide); to rise (said of the tide) \cf iqwałnikʔoyi \ce to sew over and over \cf išawi \ce to be summer \cf itpeni \ce to be healed; to be recovered (from illness) \cf iwałtapi \ce to come into from out of \cf -iwaš \ce depreciative noun suffix \cf kaswalitapinə \ce day before yesterday \cf kaštapinə \ce yesterday \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf kumi \ce to arrive at one’s home; to come home; to arrive \cf kʔilapəti \ce to ascend quickly; to go up quickly \cf kʔilitapi \ce to rush into; to hide under \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf maqtapi \ce to put on pants \cf maqutapəti \ce to run up \cf maxsapəti \ce to drag up; to pull up \cf maxsutapi \ce to drag into; to pull into \cf maxtinikʔoyi \ce to slip back; to drag back \cf mesi \ce to change from one place to another; to be traitor to \cf ?naʔali \ce to go home; to go in a certain direction \cf napəti \ce to carry up \cf nikʰəti \ce to bring home \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \cf nukumi \ce to arrive home bringing smth \cf nunali \ce to carry home \cf nutapi \ce to carry into/inside \cf nutiyepšeši \ce to confess one to another \cf peyini \ce to be flower season \cf pilitapi \ce to stream/trickle in from outside \cf piłtapi \ce to throw out; to bury \cf pitʔapəti \ce to run up quickly to the top of \cf punipuni \ce to have many twigs or branches \cf qałtšəxšaši \ce to tighten on oneself \cf qiliyamšəši \ce to look at one's body \cf qulunikʔoyi \ce to turn around inside of \cf sapəti \ce to put on top of \cf siwałtapi \ce to throw on/in \cf sumaxtapəti \ce to pull up \cf sumesimesi \ce to make go over; to make traverse; to make pass over \cf sunaʔali \ce to send home \cf sunikʔoyi \ce to take someplace and bring back; to take and bring full circle \cf sunupahani \ce to renovate \cf supʔowi \ce to place in a zig-zag pattern \cf sutapi \ce to put into; to put through \cf sutapinwunmu \ce corral \cf suyanali \ce to want to go home \cf šahašiʔi \ce to ask for \cf šaqšiłtšaši \ce to be contained in; to contain oneself inside smth \cf šayuqštapi \ce to put on (clothes, etc.) \cf šulałtapi \ce to toss into \cf šuqalałpašʰəši \ce to curl up on oneself; to bunch up \cf šuyuwatšəši \ce to be craven; to be cowardly; to be narcissistic \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \cf tapinmu \ce entrance; place where smth comes in \cf tinikʔoyi \ce to go backward; to move backward; to back up \cf tipšoši \ce to be coiled up \cf toqʔololi \ce to carry under the arm \cf tsqapuni \ce spring-time \cf uxninikʔoyi \ce to be sorry; to repent; to change one's mind \cf walapəti \ce to scramble up in a hurry \cf wałnikʔoyi \ce to loosen (string of violin) \cf wayani \ce to be new (said of the moon) \cf wayapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to ascend lazily \cf wisutapi \ce to drive a stake into \cf xiliyamšəši \ce to look at oneself \cf yami \ce to get off; to come down from \cf yəti \ce to arrive; to arrive again \cf yətini \ce to come back; to come again; to return \sd suffixes \sd vsuffixes \sd aspect \lg TJPH \rf Trip to Coyo Line20 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -iʔit \ps vpre \ge 1S.OBJ.REDUP \de first person singular object verbal suffix.REDUP \ee Glossed as 1.S.OBJ.REDUP. \cf -it \ce first person singular object verbal suffix \sd reduplications \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx -iʔiy \a -iʔi \a -ii \va (-iʔi, -ii) \ps vsuf \ge REP \ge again \ge repeatitive verbal suffix \de again; repeatitive verbal suffix \ee This suffix indicates that a situation repeats. Glossed as REP. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI –iy, ‘of repeated action’ (Beeler 1978: 177). \xv 1. aqša ; aqšaniʔiy \xe 'to die' ; 'to die again.' \xv 2. ahašli ; ahašliniʔiy \xe 'to arrive at' ; 'to arrive at again.' \xv 3. sutapi ; sutapiniʔiy \xe 'to put in/through' ; 'to put in again.' \xv 4. kitwo ; kitwoniʔiy \xe 'to move out; to go out; to leave' ; 'to move out again; to go out again; to leave again' \sd suffixes \sd vsuffixes \sd aspect \lg TJPH \rf 89.9.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iʔwə \cf ʔiwə \ce countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -ik- \cf -ʔik- \ce do to \sd variations \dt 08/May/2011 \lx ikikmen̓ \cf ʔikʔikmen̓ \ce wave.REDUP; surf.REDUP \sd variations \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx ikmen \cf ʔikmen̓ \ce wave; surf \sd variations \dt 08/May/2011 \lx ikołhop \a ikułhop \va (ikułhop) \ps v \ge piled up, be \ge pile \de to be piled up; to pile \ee This verb is used particularly of piling stones. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ikołhopš \pde to be piled up.IPFV; to pile.IPFV \cf ušmołhop \ce to pile together \xv 1. tsikułhop sipon̓ \xe 'a pile of wood.' \xv 2. no ʔan hukikułhop sipon̓ \xe 'I am going to make a pile of wood.' \xv 3. hukikołhop \xe 'I am going to pile the stones in a pile.' \xv 4. tsikołhopš lokasqoyiʔis \xe 'the kelp is piled up.' \xv 5. tsikułhop \xe 'a pile.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.591.1-3, 602.4 \dt 29/Sep/2019 \lx ikpaw \ps v \ge carry on one’s head \de to carry on one’s head \cf ʔikpawəʔəš \ce carrying ring (for the head) \cf səʔəp \ce to carry on the back; to carry in a carrying net on the back \cf sikpaw \ce to cause to be carried on smn’s head \xv 1. kikpaw \xe 'I carry it on my head.' \xv 2. hukikpaw \xe 'I am going to carry on my head.' \xv 3. huksəʔəp \xe 'I am going to carry on my back.' \xv 4. kikpaw ʔisyəwəš siwə \xe 'I put deerhead on my head.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.591.4; 90.535.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikš \a ikʰš \rd ikšikš \ps v \ge give \ge hand to \de to give; to hand to \ee Harrington notes that this verb may be best translated as ‘to hand to,’ since one could not use it of handing one rock to two men (only one of the men could physically receive it). However, Harrington later notes that ͽikš can be used only if the benefactive/recipient is first or second person, while ͽyik is used if the benefactive/recipient is third person. The second statement by Harrington is broader in describing the phenomena here; it is also the explanation this dictionary adopts. \cf aqtikš \ce ?to deliver smth; ?to hand over smth \cf axakš \ce to give (generally said of food) \cf taʔaw \ce to give (away) \cf yik \ce to give \xv 1. ikšit ! \xe 'give me [smth]!' \xv 1. ikšit lokuʔuštap ! \xe 'give me the oar!' \xv 2. ikšit lositsʔohoy ! \xe 'give me that other one!' \xv 3. hukikšił \xe 'I am going to give or hand you something.' \xv 4. no ʔan kikšił supkitwo \xe 'I give you your liberty.' \xv 5. hukikšił yəlaʔa sipaluqtiyəw \xe 'I am going to give you everything you want.' \xv 6. hukikšił hesixəp ʔiti \xe 'I am going to give thee this stone.' \xv 7. kišit losiquyiwaš sixaʔax ! \xe 'give me that big cora!' \xv 8. ikšit losixəp ! \xe 'give me that rock!' \xv 9. ikšit lokatasa kałʔiyutiqipš ʔiswałwaʔał ! \xe 'give me the plugged holed shell!' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH \rf 89.593.4-597.3; 92.397.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikšikš \ps v \ge give.REDUP \ge hand to.REDUP \de to give.REDUP; to hand to.REDUP \cf ikš \ce to give; to hand to \sd reduplications \dt 30/Jan/2012 \lx iku- \a ik- \va (ik-) \ps vpre \ge INSTR.order \de by putting in order \ee Indicates action done by putting in order, or putting one thing at a location before/in front of/on top of another. Glossed as INSTR.order. \cf ʔikumešeš \ce dam (of water) \cf ʔikuweweneš \ce pile \cf alikuwewetš \ce to be lying down piled up \cf ikumeqteleletš \ce to go in single file \cf ikumes \ce to dam up \cf ikuwakʔanəš \ce to be on top of \cf ikuwakʔay \ce to piled one on top of another \cf ikuwewe \ce to pile one thing on top of another \cf ikuwewetš \ce to be piled one on top of another \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikuk \ps vt \ge butt \ge chip at \ge peck \ge strike \de to strike; to peck; to butt; to chip at \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ikukšəši \pde to strike.REFL; to peck.REFL; to butt.REFL; to chip at.REFL \cf ʔikukaʔaš \ce pecking instrument \cf aqutikuk \ce to stumble on; to stub one’s foot against \cf iqaq \ce to butt with the head \xv 1. tsikukit \xe 'it bit me' (said of a newt biting a person). \xv 2. no ʔan hukikuk hesikmetati \xe 'I am going to chip at my metate' (it is unclear if this means chipping away at the metate or striking something on the metate). \xv 3. tšišikukšəši \xe 'they are butting each other' (saidof goats or bulls). \xv 4. hukikukił \xe 'I am going to butt you.' \xv 5. no ʔan hukikuk \xe 'I am going to give him a tap on the head.' \xv 6. hukikukš \xe 'I butt many people with my head.' \xv 7. hukikuk šopeyay \xe 'I am going to hit a mortar' (presumably to prepare something in it). \sd verbs \sd common \sd animals \sd manner \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.599.3, 89.599.600.3-601.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikułhop \cf ikołhop \ce to be piled up; to pile \sd variations \dt 07/Jun/2011 \lx ikumeqteleletš \ps v \ge go in single file \ge single file, go in \de to go in single file \ee This verb cannot be used with singular or dual number prefixes. \mr [] \sy uleqpeneš \xv 1. tšiyikumeqteleletš \xe 'they go in file one behind the other.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.603.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ikumes \ps v \ge dam up \de to dam up \ee Dams, or weirs, were commonly used for fishing. \mr [] \cf ʔikumešeš \ce dam (of water) \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \xv 1. hukikumes \xe 'I am going to dam up the water.' \xv 2. hukikumes soʔo hesimaha \xe 'I am going to dam up the water in this canyon.' \xv 3. tswey lokakikumes \xe 'it burst the dam that I made.' \xv 4. tšnunaʔał lokakikumes \xe 'it carried away all my dam.' \sd hunting \sd fish \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.603.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ikunət \ps v \ge splice \de to splice \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ikunətš \pde to splice.IPFV \cf ʔikunətəš \ce splice; joint \cf ʔikunətš \ce joint (anatomical) \cf ikunətš \ce to be spliced; to be jointed \xv 1. hukikunətš \xe 'I am going to make many splices' (Harrington notes here that this is a 'good word' but that one would not naturally use it). \xv 2. hukikunətš hešimiyaš \xe 'I am going to splice this rope.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH \rf 89.604.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikunətš \se I \ps n \ge ?wrist \de ?wrist \ee Translation of ‘wrist’ given by Henshaw (Heizer 1955). \se II \ps v \ge spliced, be \ge jointed, be \de to be spliced; to be jointed \mr [] \cf ʔikunətš \ce joint (anatomical) \cf ikunət \ce to splice \xv 1. tšikunətš \xe 'it is jointed.' \xv 2. kqisə lokałmasəx kapon̓ kałʔiyikunətš \xe 'I saw the three are spliced.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.604.4-605.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ikunkunəʔətš \cf ʔikʔikunəʔətš \ce joint (anatomical).REDUP \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikuwakʔanəš \ps v \ge top of, be on \de to be on top of \mr [] \cf ikuwakʔay \ce to piled one on top of another \cf wakʔanəš \ce to be many on top of many \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \xv 1. sa ʔiʔiʔalikuwakʔanəš \xe 'teeth on top.' \xv 2. tsiyikuwakʔanəš \xe 'they are all one on top of another.' \sd verbs \sd position \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.606.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikuwakʔay \ps v \ge piled one on top of another \de to piled one on top of another \mr [] \cf ikuwakʔanəš \ce to be on top of \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \xv 1. pakeʔet ʔisa ʔan tsikuwakʔay \xe 'one tooth is on top.' \sd verbs \sd position \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.606.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ikuwewe \a ikuwewè \a ʔikuwewe \ps v \ge pile one thing on top of another \de to pile one thing on top of another \mr [] \cf ʔikuweweneš \ce pile \cf alikuwewetš \ce to be lying down piled up \cf ikuwewetš \ce to be piled one on top of another \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. no ʔan hukikuwewenwu \xe 'I put them one on top of another.' \xv 2. pi, ikuwewenwu \xe 'put them one on top of another.' \xv 3. tsiyikuwewetš \xe 'they are one on top of another.' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.607.1; 91.45.2; Daughter112 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ikuwewetš \ps v \ge piled one on top of another, be \de to be piled one on top of another \mr [] \cf alikuwewetš \ce to be lying down piled up \cf ikuwewe \ce to pile one thing on top of another \cf we \ce to sleep \xv 1. tsiyikuwewetš \xe 'they are one on top of another.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd hunting \sd descriptions \sd locations \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.607.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ikuy \a ikùy \ps v \ge roast in embers \de to roast in embers \cf ʔikuyaš \ce smth roasted in ashes; smth cooked in ashes \cf axšikuy \ce to go to a traditional fiesta \xv 1. hukikuy \xe 'I am going to roast it buried in the embers.' \xv 2. hukikuy siwəp \xe 'I am going to roast pencas de quiote.' \xv 3. kitšuliʔiš loʔkaštelèq loʔkasikuy ka qowòtš \xe 'and he pulled out the tail of the salmon which he was roasting.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd heat \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.597.4-598.2; Travels27 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ikʰəʔəł \ps v \ge go to bring \ge bring (along) \ge fetch \de to go to bring; to bring (along); to fetch \ee This verb does not give an indication as to whether the bringing was successful or not. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ikʰəl ‘to fetch; to bring; to go after,’ INZ ikʰɨt(-us) ‘to bring (for someone)’ (Whistler 1980: 10; SYBCI 2007: 139) \mr [] \xv 1. hukikʰəʔəł \xe 'I am going to go to bring [smth].' \xv 2. tsiyikʰəʔəł \xe 'they went to bring [something].' \xv 3. hukikʰəʔəł kʰoko \xe 'I am going to bring my father' (in a car, on horse, etc., but not on foot). \xv 4. tsikʰəʔəł \xe 'he went to get it.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.608.3-610.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -ikʰət- \ps vroot \ge bring \de bring \ee This root does not appear without the instrumental ͽni-1 TR.II \mr [] \cf alinikʰət \ce to bring at night; to bring in the night time \cf ikʰəʔəł \ce to go to bring; to bring (along); to fetch \cf nikʰət \ce to bring (successfully) \cf nikʰəti \ce to bring home \cf uninikʰət \ce to bring in the morning \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ił- \ps vpre \ge INSTR.tide \ge having to do with the tides \ge tides, having to do with \de having to do with the tides \ee Glossed as INSTR.tide. \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ il- ⁓ ili- ‘having to do with water, especially water in motion’ (SYBCI 2007: 140) \cf iłnikʔoyi \ce to go out (said of the tide) \cf iłtuniʔi \ce to be half full \cf iłyəti \ce to come in (said of the tide); to rise (said of the tide) \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd vprefixes \sd water \sd ocean \lg TJPH \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx -ił \a -ìł \a -ìł \a -ìł \a -il \ps pro \ge 2S.OBJ \de second person singular object suffix \ee Glossed as 2S.OBJ. \xv 1. kikšił \xe 'I gave it to you.' \xv 2. ktayinił \xe 'I respect you.' \xv 3. kuškuyił \xe 'I point at thee.' \xv 4. kseqpeyił \xe 'I gave you my sickness.' \xv 5. tšʰunuškuyił \xe 'he promised you.' \xv 6. ksətəlił \xe 'I call you out, name you before a crowd or otherwise.' \xv 7. knukunoyił \xe 'I guided you.' \xv 8. kxilałtəlił \xe 'I saw you coming.' \xv 9. hukwaqšikił \xe 'I am going to paint you.' \xv 10. huksuqpuyił \xe 'I am going to throw water on you.' \xv 11. nelupsapiwił \xe 'where are you going to build a fire?' \xv 12. hukutsʔəmənił \xe 'I am going to bury thee' (after thou art dead). \xv 13. hukšušoxšolił \xe 'I am going to make it urinate on you.' \xv 14. hukwelemespiyił \xe 'I am going to rush over at you or on top of you.' \xv 15. kułhamił losiptu \xe 'I am going to bore your ears for you.' \xv 16. ka muhuksaqikʔitił \xe 'I will not disturb you any more.' \xv 17. hukwəpwəpił hesipon̓ \xe 'I am going to give you a licking with this stick.' \xv 18. huktimesił sipkamisa \xe 'I am going to button up your shirt for you.' \xv 19. hukʰnikətił sixəpxəʔəp \xe 'I am going to bring you stones.' \xv 20. hukikšił hesixəp ʔiti \xe 'I am going to give thee this stone.' \xv 21. no ʔan kalaqʰkumiʔił \xe 'I am grateful to you.' \xv 22. hukšuškuyił hesalutiyək sikwawli \xe 'I am going to show you what I have in my trunk.' \xv 23. mupsuyapət ʔasitsʔuqił hałmantaraya \xe 'look out lest you step on a stingray and he pierce you.' \xv 24. supsakałhaha ʔan husitapinił hesipʔək \xe 'if you open your mouth they will enter it.' \xv 25. lokaštəʔəniwaš ʔan husaxsilił sihuptotsʔi \xe 'the dog is going to bite you if you kick him.' \xv 26. hukikšił yəlaʔa supaluqtiyəw ʔałtšum kasixʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'I am going to give you everything you want: money [and] women.' \xv 27. tsʔipus, “kʰokó!” ʔalištaxan̓ kihukʰsunapaiyił kihupʰnaʔali maʔam, kihupʰnaʔali maʔam \xe ' he said, “my father! have spirit! I will take you from here, you are going to the house.” ' \sd pronouns \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \lg JPH; TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iləhəy \ps n \ge guardian stars \ge stars, guardian \de guardian stars \ee There were four such stars that guarded the north star. This name is from the speech of the ͽsiliyək. The word ͽiləhəy is said to mean ‘guards.’ Word likely begins with a glottal stop. \sd astronomy \sd mythology \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 79.32.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iləš \sc ?Myliobatis californica \ps n \ge ?bat ray \ge ?ray, bat \ge ?ray, eagle \ge devilfish (?bat ray) \de ?bat ray; ?eagle ray; devilfish (eagle ray) \ee See also California’s Department of Fish and Game: www.dfg.ca.gov. \sd animals \sd fish \lg JPH \rf 71.48.2 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx ilikenšteʔeš \cf ilikʔenšteʔeš \ce well-being \sd variations \dt 17/Feb/2012 \lx iliklikʔe \a ilikʰlikʔe \ps v \ge sit.REDUP \ge stay.REDUP \ge remain.REDUP \de to sit.REDUP; to stay.REDUP; to remain.REDUP \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ilikʔe \a ilikʔen \a ʔilikʔe \a ilikʔè \a ilikʔè \a ilik \rd iliklikʔe \va (ʔilikʔe, ilikʔen-, ilik-) \ps v \ge sit \ge stay \ge remain \de to sit; to stay; to remain \ee This means to sit in a chair or on the floor with one’s legs extended in front of oneself. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałʔilikʔenpi \pde to sit NZ.APL.LOC; to stay NZ.APL.LOC; to remain.NZ.APL.LOC \pdl v \pdv ilikʔenpi \pde to sit.APL.LOC; to stay.APL.LOC; to remain.APL.LOC \cf ʔanaputiilikʔe \ce animal that is motionless in the current \cf ʔilikʔeneʔeš \ce buttocks \cf ʔilikʔenmu \ce chair; where one sits \cf alilikʔe \ce to be sitting (smwh) \cf ilikʔenšteʔeš \ce well-being \cf qałtsilikʔe \ce to have a hair pug in the top middle of one’s head; to have a pug on the side of one’s head \cf silikʔe \ce to set; to seat \cf unilikʔe \ce to be left (alone) smwh \cf watʔilikʔe \ce to sit down for a while on a journey \xv 1. ʔałʔilikʔenpi \xe 'one sitting down.' \xv 2. musililikʔe \xe 'it is not there.' \xv 3. kikasilikʔenpi \xe 'so she sat down.' \xv 4. kalilikʔe kalitoqoqo \xe 'I squatted frog fashion on the floor.' \xv 5. hukilikʔe kuhukʔuwlilo \xe 'I am going to sit down while I eat.' \xv 6. tsalaqwaʔay ʔisilikʔe \xe 'he is well fixed at home.' \xv 7. laʔmunaməʔək sikilikʔè \xe 'it was not long that I remained [with him].' \xv 8. latšə sihemaʔam kasiliklikʔe \xe 'it stayed indoors all the time.' \xv 9. mušiyušʰolit hałlahukiliklikʔe \xe 'they don’t let you sit down in peace.' \xv 10. lokaʔałʔapʰanəš ʔan musililikʔe \xe 'the owner of the house is not here.' \xv 11. tsilikʔenpi loʔistiwis hešiquyiwaš \xe 'this basket sits on its bottom.' \xv 12. kilikʔenpi heʔismət sikawayu \xe 'I sit on the horse’s back.' \xv 13. kilikʔenpi hesikaxon ʔan tštiyam \xe 'I sat down on this box and it sank down a little.' \xv 14. no ʔan kiliklikʔenwaš santa barbara \xe 'I used to live in Santa Barbara.' \xv 15. yəlaʔa hesiku saʔaliyilikʔe ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'everyone in the world.' \xv 16. naštəʔəʔə kiyilikʔe kisqultap losimantana \xe 'we were still seated when the sun shone in through the windows.' \xv 17. pi ʔan wašətš supilikʔe kəwə piwałtšaqša \xe 'you will do well if you sit down, because you are tired.' \xv 18. kasilikʔè ka šqitəwə̀tš ʔisixút loʔkasʔap xwetét \xe 'and he sat down to watch Frog’s house burn.' \xv 19. lokanawnawaʔaʔay kaku ʔan məʔək ʔisiyilikʔe \xe 'the people of before endured much, they were long-lived.' \xv 20. mupkitwoʔo hemitəpə lapiliklikʔe ʔitimaʔam ! \xe 'don’t go out doors, stay in here! (said to child).' \xv 21. nee ka skumli ʔi šʰinʔišaw si muhusilikʔe ʔiti šup \xe 'the day arrived to him of no longer living.' \xv 22. kihušwašətš supiyilikʔe kəwə kaswanaʔał ʔisamilikʔe \xe 'so it will be well, for it is the custom.' \xv 23. kiskənəʔə̀t heʔalałpay loʔkałʔilikʔenpi loʔkaʔałšəpə̀š \xe 'he did turns about the sitting-down Coyote.' \xv 24. neʔesʔəhə ʔišup sikilikʔe ʔitiʔišup, kʔuwe kayukaqša \xe 'I have lived many years in the world but now I am going to die.' \xv 25. kasilikʔè kikasiqiliʔik loʔkasʔiwə̀ ʔapí nełtsalinetus \xe 'he sat [there] and looked with attention after his comrade to see how she got her prey.' \xv 26. lokapštə ʔan latšə ʔisiyilikʔe heʔisʔamamə kihʔišyəwəš ʔan musitapi \xe 'the (body) louse always stays on your body and never gets up on your head.' \xv 27. ʔalasʔił hałʔapʔapwaʔaš ʔan neʔesixmenxmen lokasiyilikʔenutš kakukuʔu \xe 'maybe there were some old houses fallen down where people had lived.' \xv 28. latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw tsisaxyikuʔus sułʔuw, latšə ʔisiliklikʔe maʔan lokasinaymu kaʔixpanəš \xe 'every day they gave her food, she remaining continually inside the acorn granary.' \xv 29. kanawa sitaxsə yəlaʔa lokałnetpu, kikašišyət kašiškumuʔus lokalilikʔenpi kašišʰaʔaʔay \xe 'when he had heard the whole story they came and arrived at the place where their daughter was.' \xv 30. kʰan ʔisalilikʔe ʔan lokałpakeʔet kasʔəł ʔan tswatwatitiwekey lokatsʔohoy kasʔəł kikasiwon \xe 'when he sits he rubs one leg against the other and thus sings.' \xv 31. tšnaʔał hesikayi lawaliʔiʔin kisyəti kikasilikʔe kisʔaləł isbiblia, ʔəhə ʔislibro yəlaʔa ʔiswantswanaʔał \xe 'he goes to the street but returns soon and sits down to read, he has Bibles and all kinds of books.' \xv 32. yontsʰe ʔan tsʔił ʔislantšu ʔan əhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kasikawkawayu satikʔoy kasʔił ʔislantšu, ʔəhə sikuhkuʔu saʔalililikʔenwaš salitiwtiwəšwaš yontsʰe \xe 'Yontsʰe (Luis Francisco) had a ranch and lots of live stock atSaticoy and lots of Indians lived there with him.' \xv 33. maría antonia kanaštəʔəʔə tsilikʔe kasisilya neʔešišʰatiwənitš sisilyu ka maría antonia kimitsqanaqan kašišiliklikʔe, lakaneʔeʔe kasʔap maría antonia ka sisilya \xe 'María Antonia and Cecilio are still living, they are already married and live at Ventura near together.' \xv 34. kakikoko lokalilikʔe ʔalałpay \xe 'our Father in Heaven.' \xv 35. ʔalałpaʔaʔay kasilikʔe lokakikoko \xe 'our Father is way up in the sky.' \xv 36. kikašnaʔał ʔalałpay kikasiliklikʔe loʔiskuyuw liyos \xe 'ascended into Heaven and is seated at the right hand of God.' \xv 37. lokakanaʔaʔay kałmasəx ʔan tsiyexneqenpi lyos kilokałyitimasəx ʔan tsiyuskuyus lokałwašətš ʔisilikʔe lokapʔaliwə \xe 'the first three pertain to the honor of God, and the other seven to the benefit of your fellow man.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd stative \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.489; 89.163; Daughter39; Travels12 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ilikʔenšteʔeš \a ilikenšteʔeš \a ilikʔenšteʔèš \va (ilikenšteʔeš) \ps n \ge well-being \de well-being \mr [] \cf ilikʔe \ce to sit; to stay; to remain \xv 1. laʔkʰan supqeyepi ʔan hupwatšiw loʔkapilikenšteʔeš \xe 'you are going to give up wanting your well being.' \xv 2. laʔkʰan sipitaq ʔisamʔip xutaš ʔan kapilikenšteʔeš \xe 'listen to what Venus says there is your well-being.' \sd emotions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Advice3, 7 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iłnikʔoyi \ps v \ge go out (said of the tide) \de to go out (said of the tide) \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \sd verbs \sd water \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.813.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iłtuniʔi \ps v \ge half full, be \de to be half full \ee Based on the instrumental prefix, it seems that this verb conveys information about the tides \mr [] \xv 1. tsiłtuniʔi \xe 'it is half full.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \sd water \rf 82.27.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iłyəti \ps v \ge come in (said of the tide) \ge rise (said of the tide) \de to come in (said of the tide); to rise (said of the tide) \ee This verb is used for tides. \mr [] \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \cf yəti \ce to arrive; to arrive again \sd verbs \sd water \sd ocean \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.647.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx imahwaya \ps v \ge hanging, be \de to be hanging \mr [] \sy aliwaya \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.88, 204, 218.3-4, 219.1-4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx imałtəł \a imałtəł- \ps v \ge ensnared, become \de to become ensnared \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv imałtəłtšaši \pde to become ensnared.REFL \cf simałtəł \ce to lasso \cf šimałtələʔəš \ce snare; lasso \cf šimałtətš \ce to be a lassoer; to be a cowboy \xv 1. huksimałtəł siwaka \xe 'I am going to lasso a cow with the riate.' \xv 2. kikasiyimałtəłtšaši \xe 'and they become ensnared' (in a weir). \xv 3. tsiyimałtəłtšəši \xe 'they lassoed themselves in a trap.' \xv 4. neʔesimałtəł \xe 'it is lassoed.' \sd verbs \sd hunting \sd inchoatives \lg TJPH \rf 91.50.1; WeirA5 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx imey \ps v \ge streak with \de to streak with \mr [] \cf ʔimeymu \ce white mud \xv 1. hesikawkawiyaʔa ʔan tsiyimey heʔisiyəwyəwəʔəš ʔisewu \xe 'they kawiya stroke their heads with grease.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.533.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx imhomok \cf himhomok \ce to feather smth \sd variations \dt 04/Aug/2018 \lx imləwəwə \ps v \ge ripple \de to ripple \mr [] \xv 1. tsimləwəwə hesimuwu \xe 'the sea ripples, the surface of the sea is all waves.' \sd water \sd verbs \sd ocean \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 85.669.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx imokʔoʔoy \a imokʔo \va (imokʔo-) \ps v \ge wheel around \de to wheel around \mr [] \cf simokʔoʔoy \ce to make wheel around \xv 1. kimokʔoʔoy \xe 'I wheel around.' \xv 2. tsiyimokʔoyi \xe '[lots of horses trot down in pasture and] they wheel around [and come back or off].' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd animals \sd path \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.554.1-2 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx imoxpʔow \ps v \ge make curved by working (with tools, etc.) \de to make curved by working (with tools, etc.) \mr [] \cf moxpʔow \ce to be bent down; to be bent over \cf pʔow \ce to be bent; to be stoop shouldered \xv 1. tsamsumoxpʔow, tsamimoxpʔow \xe 'they bend a board, they make a board curved using an axe, etc.' \sd verbs \sd boating \sd tomol \lg TJPH \rf Tomol108-109 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -in \ps vsuf \ge APL.INSTR \de instrumental applicative suffix \ee This suffix does not seem to have been productive in Ventureño, although it is in other Central Chumash languages. It is found fossilized in a handful of verbs. Glossed as APL.INSTR. \xv 1. kʰnikət \xe 'I brought (one horse).' \xv 2. kʰnikətinwu \xe 'I brought (horses).' \xv 3. knikʰətiniʔiy \xe 'I brought it back again, I brought back the same thing that I carried.' \xv 4. huknikʰət \xe 'I am going to bring.' \xv 5. huknikʰətiniʔi \xe 'I am going to bring it back again.' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd grammar \lg TJPH \rf 90.190.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ina- \cf ʔina- \ce negative imperative verbal prefix \sd variations \dt 09/Jan/2013 \lx inakukay \ps v \ge lean back (while seated) \de to lean back (while seated) \xv 1. kinakukay \xe 'I lean back in the chair.' \sd verbs \sd positionals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 3.82.23.4 \dt 21/Oct/2018 \lx inoqš \ps v \ge cut down (a tree) \de to cut down (a tree) \mr [] \cf noqš \ce to be broken; to be in pieces \cf šutšʔinoqš \ce to groove around (horizontally); to make a (horizontal) groove around \cf tšʔinoqš \ce groove \cf watʔinoxš \ce to break of its own accord \xv 1. inoqš losipon̓ saʔałkəyə́mi ! \xe 'cut thou that straight tree for me!' \sd verbs \sd plants \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.215.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ip \cf ʔip \ce to say; to tell \sd variations \dt 03/Feb/2012 \lx ipanpi \ps v \ge nail \de to nail \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ ipaʼ ‘to drive a stake’ (SYBCI 2007: 145) \cf wisuteqpey \ce to make adhere by blows; to nail to \xv 1. tsamipanpi sipon̓ lokalamesa \xe 'they nailed a board on the table.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 92.631.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ipexʔe \ps v \ge break by hitting one shell against another \de to break by hitting one shell against another \cf ipexʔeneš \ce shell broken against another shell \xv 1. kipexʔe \xe 'I break by hitting shell against shell.' \sd verbs \sd ocean \lg JPH \rf 70.102.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ipexʔeneš \ps n \ge shell broken against another shell \de shell broken against another shell \mr [] \cf ipexʔe \ce to break by hitting one shell against another \xv 1. ipexʔenèš \xe (said of a shell found in a box) 'a broken shell by hitting shell against shell.' \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 70.102.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ipə \ps n \ge brain \de brain \ee This word does not appear to have cognates in ϡboiϡ, ϡinzϡ, or ϡpuyϡ \xv 1. hesikipə \xe 'my brains.' \xv 2. loʔisipə \xe 'his brains.' \xv 3. ʔəhə sikipə \xe 'I have a lot of brains.' \sd anatomy \sd cognition \rf 91.295.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ipipi \ps v \ge crack acorns \de to crack acorns \ee This form was recalled with some difficulty by Fernando Librado. \sd verbs \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 70.248.1 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ipipšoš \ps v \ge breathe out fast and strong with a rushing sound \ge heave \de to breathe out fast and strong with a rushing sound; to heave \ee This does not mean 'to vomit' \xv 1. no ʔan kipipšoš \xe 'I am breathing out fast and strong with rushing sound.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa hesitaktaktəʔəš ʔan tšʔiqałkənəʔət hesus kristo kisiyenhespi kilakəkš lokamula kałmuštiyət tšipipšoš kismaqutinaʔał \xe 'all the animals got in a circle around Jesus Christ and warmed him, but the mule alone did not draw near, he was puffing or snorting and he went away.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.75; 90.87.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iple \ps n \ge snap (said of a firebrand) \de to snap (said of a firebrand) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv iplen \pde to snap (said of a firebrand).DIM \cf apipne \ce to crackle from fire \xv 1. tsipʰle kinupan tsipʰtsʔitsʔix \xe 'the brand snaps and then it throws sparks.' \xv 2. kin yəlaʔa hukiple \xe 'we are all going to finish.' \sd heat \sd temperature \sd light \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 69.539/547.1, 82.15.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ipok \ps v \ge shake smth \de to shake smth \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ipokšəši \pde to shake smth.REFL \sy səyəyə \cf suwelewele \ce to wave smth; to shake smth; to wag smth; to sway smth \xv 1. no ʔan kipok hesikpantalon \xe 'I shook my pants.' \xv 2. no ʔan kipokš \xe 'I shook all the clothes.' \xv 3. no ʔan kipokšəši \xe 'I shake myself.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.536.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ipolotš \ps v \ge hold one’s form \de to hold one’s form \xv 1. hukipolotš \xe 'it holds its form' (when it is mixed with water). \sd verbs \sd stative \sd food \lg TJPH \rf 89.585.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ipoxʔi \a ipoxʔí \ps v \ge knock \ge crack \ge sound loudly \ge give a report (noise) \de to knock; to crack; to give a report (noise); to sound loudly \ee Does not mean 'to tap.' \xv 1. tsipoxʔi \xe 'he raps on the door.' \xv 2. tsipoxʔi \xe '[the wave] booms' (sounds like a cannon boom). \xv 3. tsamipoxʔi hesimitəpə \xe 'someone is knocking at the door.' \xv 4. tšwałtataqš \xe 'he makes a tapping sound.' \xv 5. tsipoxʔi lokamitəpə \xe 'she rapped on the door.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd senses \lg TJPH \rf 81.31.1; 93.386.2; Travels70 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ipšəł \ph ˈɪpʰʃǝɬ \a ipʰšəł \ps v \ge cooked, be \ge roasted on top of coals, be \de to be cooked; to be roasted on top of coals \et *pSel \ec Compare BOI ʼipšel ‘to be cooked,’ INZ ipšel ‘to be cooked,’ OBI pši ‘to be cooked’ (Klar 1977: 78) \cf šipšəł \ce to roast smth on top of coals \xv 1. ka šipʰšəł kasamsunapay \xe 'and when they are stewed they take them out.' \xv 2. kaxtaʔak sitʔo \xe 'I roast mussel on top of the hot coals' (when finished say ͽneʔešipšəł). \xv 3. tsʔowow, kʔuwe tšipšə̀ł \xe 'it is white, but it is roasted.' \sd food \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.408.1; WeirB12 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ipštewe \cf ʔipštewe \ce to be so many \sd variations \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx iptsʔeyewu \ps v \ge shine \ge slow \ge reflect light \de to shine; to glow; to reflect light \gn relumbrar \dn relumbrar \ee Instead, it is used of light (firelight ?or sunlight) shining off of sand, water, a looking glass, the nickleplated top of an inkbottle, a tin thimble, etc. \xv 1. pʰkepʰpi loʔkaʔaliptsʔeʔewu kaʔo kʔuwe losipʔamamə̀ pʰala ʔan tsiptsʔeyewu \xe 'if you bathe in the phosphorescent water, your body will shine.' \xv 2. loʔkayahəł ʔan tšuštahày kinupan tšošoy heʔispo loʔiswał ʔišnuxš ʔan xaxaʔàx kinupan tsiptsʔeyewù, musaqʰtipałyət, kʰin, tswaya kisʰwəpił \xe 'the whipsnake is red with black cheeks its nostrils big and shiny, it does not suck[?le], moreover, it hangs [?in the air] and it hits you.' \xv 3. tsiptsʔeyewu lokaqas kakaliwašyətpi \xe 'the sand that I am staring at glitters.' \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 3.70.53.2, 82.39.4-40.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx iptsʔitsʔix \ps v \ge spark \ge throw sparks \de to spark; to throw sparks \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaliptsʔitsʔix \pde to spark.NZ; to throw sparks.NZ \xv 1. tsipʰle kinupan tsipʰtsʔitsʔix \xe 'the brand snaps and then it throws sparks.' \xv 2. tsʰin tsʔalipʰtsʔitsʔix kaqunupmawa \xe 'star (lit., ‘spark of the sun’).' \sd verbs \sd heat \sd idioms \lg TJPH \rf 69.539/547.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ipxey \ps v \ge add to \de to add to \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ipxey ‘to add,’ INZ ipxey ‘to add (to); to put in (with)’ (Whistler 1980: 10; SYBCI 2007: 146) \cf niwipxey \ce to increase the speed of \cf sapipxey \ce to add wood to fire \xv 1. ipxey lamitʔi \xe 'put a little more on my plate.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.511.3; 92.745.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ipyototo \ps v \ge boil \de to boil \cf ipyototonutš \ce to be boiled \cf sipyototo \ce to make boil; to cook by boiling \xv 1. tsipyototo \xe 'it is boiling.' \xv 2. tsipyototo saʔališaw soʔo \xe 'the hot spring is boiling.' \xv 3. hesoʔo ʔan tsipyototo kišułtšawawa \xe 'this water is boiling and giving off steam.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd food \sd kitchen \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.334.2; 91.393.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ipyototonutš \ps v \ge boiled, be \de to be boiled \mr [] \cf ipyototo \ce to boil \xv 1. nawaʔaʔay̓ ʔišiyipyototonutš \xe 'they have been boiling for a long time.' \sd food \sd heat \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 82.28.4 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx ipʰəw \ps v \ge pop \de to pop \ee This is said of grains that are toasted. \xv 1. koxtokok kisipʰəw \xe 'I toast it so that it pops.' \xv 2. hukipʰəw \xe 'I am going to pop' (said by grain of corn). \sd verbs \sd food \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 90.300.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ipʰoʔo \ps v \ge mound, be in a \de to be in a mound \cf sipʰoʔo \ce to make a mound \cf tsʰow \ce hill \xv 1. tsiyipʰoʔo \xe 'there are many little mounds.' \xv 2. tsipʰoʔo lokašupšuʔup \xe 'the loose earth is in a little mound.' \sd verbs \sd geography \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.311.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ipʔip \cf ʔipʔip \ce to say.REDUP; to tell.REDUP \sd variations \dt 29/Oct/2011 \lx iqaq \ps v \ge butt with the head \de to butt with the head \cf ikuk \ce to strike; to peck; to butt; to chip at \xv 1. hukiqaq \xe 'I butt my head' (as a billygoat does). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.610.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iqip \ps v \ge fill \ge full, be \de to fill; to be full \ee Note the transitive and intransitive uses of this verb. \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv iqipš \pde to fill.IPFV; to be full.IPFV \pdl v \pdv iqipšaši \pde to fill.REFL; to be full.REFL \cf ʔiqip \ce door \cf aputiqipš \ce to be filled by means of water \cf iqipus \ce to shut in \cf sutiqip \ce to plug; to fill \cf uliqip \ce to plug a gopher hole (with earth) \cf utiqip \ce to fill \xv 1. lokaʔaxšínapi ʔan tšiqipš \xe 'the trunk is full.' \xv 2. tšiqipš siqas kinelahe sweleqe \xe 'the river gets full of sand at a place and the current turns aside.' \xv 3. tsiqip heʔišquntštutukš tsʰunuwus saʔałʔowow \xe 'she fills all her wrinkles with talcum.' \xv 4. ʔan hukšuniwəš šiletši, kiqip šiquyiwaš saʔalina, kikaksuqpuypi lokaletši, kšuniwəš šiletši, no ʔan kuniwəš lokamantekiya kalokaletši \xe 'I mixed milk (into the flour), I filled a dish with flour and poured some milk on or added some milk, I mixed butter and milk into the flour.' \xv 5. tšiqipʰšašì loʔkašaqʰ \xe 'the turtle contracts.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg TJPH \rf 89.79.1, 200.2, 238.2; 91.675.2; 92.517.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx iqipus \ps v \ge shut in \de to shut in \mr [] \cf iqip \ce to fill; to be full \xv 1. ksutapinwu, hukiqipuswu \xe 'I stuck them in, I am going to shut the door and shut them in' (said of putting chickens in a coop). \sd verbs \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.22.1, 673.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iqmay \a iqmáy \ps v \ge cover (with the intent of closing off access to) \de to cover (with the intent of closing off access to) \et *Vqmay \ec Compare INZ iqmay ‘to cover,’ OBI skaqmi from ?s-ki-aqmay ‘to cover’ (Klar 1977: 79) \mr [] \cf ʔiqmay \ce cover \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. ʔiqmay̓ ! \xe 'cover/shut it!' (said of closing an olla). \xv 2. ʔiqip loʔismitəpə̀ ! \xe 'shut the door!' \xv 3. hukiqmay \xe 'I take the lid and cover the pot.' \xv 4. kispuwe šaʔałhaputš ʔan mukiqmay \xe 'I bought some meat and didn’t cover it up.' \xv 5. hukiqmáy yəlaʔa loʔsitilì kimuhukoxšoł \xe 'I will cover up all my vagina so that I will not urinate.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.59.1; 89.182.3; 91.140.3-4; Travels32 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx iqsihi \ps v \ge noon, be \ge south wind blowing, be the \de to be noon; ?to be the south wind blowing \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI siqsin ‘noon,’ CRZ ɨksihin ‘to be noon’ (Whistler 1980: 72; Klar 1977: 109) \cf aliqšihitš \ce to sleep during the day \cf axiqšihitš \ce to be noon; ?to be the south wind blowing \xv 1. neʔesiqsihi kisqəwə \xe 'at noon it will be low.' \xv 2. tsalitax, neʔesiqsihi kisalaxʔuy \xe 'he slept in the daytime and it was nearly noon when he awoke.' \xv 3. tsalitʰaq neʔesiqsihi kisalaqʔuy \xe 'he slept and it was already noon when he awoke.' \xv 4. siqsihi \xe 'south wind.' \sd chronometry \sd verbs \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.166.4-167.1, 217.4; 90.57.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iqwałnikʔoyi \ps v \ge sew over and over \de to sew over and over \mr [] \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \cf wałnikʔoyi \ce to loosen (string of violin) \xv 1. kiqwałnikʔoyi \xe 'I sew over and over.' \sd clothes \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.41.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx isaʔam \ps n \ge son-in-law \de son-in-law \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI išam̓ ‘son-in-law,’ INZ išam̓ ‘son-in-law’ (Whistler 1980: 81; SYBCI 2007: 581) \sd affinal \sd kinship \lg JPH \rf 88.23 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx isawus \ps v \ge sweat \de to sweat \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \cf susisawus \ce to make sweat \xv 1. kisawus \xe 'I am sweating.' \xv 2. tsisawus yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə \xe 'his whole body is sweating.' \xv 3. kisawus, kapaqša \xe 'I am sweating, I am very hot with the hot day.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd senses \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 89.305.1; 90.341.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ispiwetš \cf išpiwetš \ce to charge; to sell \sd variations \dt 08/Aug/2018 \lx ispuwe \rd ispuweʔe \ps v \ge buy \ge rent \de to buy; to rent \mr [] \sy aqapiʔiš \cf išpuwen \ce to pay; to pay smn back \cf piʔiw \ce to cost \xv 1. hukaqapiʔiš (Ϟor hukispuweʔe) \xe 'I am going to go buy.' \xv 2. kispuwe sikwałtu soʔoteł los angeles \xe 'I rented a room at a hotel in Los Angeles.' \xv 3. hukispuwe ʔisʔałxili \xe 'I am going to buy butter or lard.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd economics \lg JPH \rf 89.16.1, 246.2; 90.60.4; \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx ispuweʔe \ps v \ge buy.REDUP \ge rent.REDUP \de to buy.REDUP; to rent.REDUP \cf ispuwe \ce to buy; to rent \sd reduplications \dt 10/Jun/2011 \lx ispux \ps v \ge shoot bird (with a short arrow) \de to shoot a bird (with a short arrow) \gn clavar el pajaro \dn clavar el pajaro \mr [] \sd verbs \sd animals \sd hunting \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.410.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx istukun \ps n \ge knee \de knee \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI istukun ‘knee’ (Whistler 1980: 67) \mr [] \cf watistukunpi \ce to bump one's knee against \xv 1. ktoktokom hesikistukun \xe 'I have a cramp in my knee.' \xv 2. kwatistukunpi lokasiya, tštəš hesikistukun \xe 'I bumped into a chair with my knee, my knee is swollen.' \sd anatomy \lg TJPH \rf 91.204.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iswəxə \ps n \ge clothes \ge smth worn \de clothes; smth worn \ee Specific to Ventureño dialect(s). \sy ʔaxwi \xv 1. hesikiswəxə \xe 'my clothes.' \sd clothes \rf 3.81.305.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iš- \a š- \a is- \a ʔiš- \va (is-, š-) \ps pre \ge DU \de dual argument prefix \ee Glossed as DU. \cf ʔišmekʔew̓ \ce eyebrow \cf ʔišʔon̓ \ce twin(s) \cf ištəhə \ce to measure on one’s hand; to measure against one’s hand \cf kiškə \ce first person dual ; we two; us two \cf matʔišʔon̓ \ce to give birth to twins \cf piškə \ce second person dual pronoun; you two \cf tipišnuxš \ce to be a snot-nosed brat; to be a pipsqueak \xv 1. lunes kuhuskumli lokakišʔiputš \xe 'Monday is the coming day of which we two spoke.' \xv 2. kay ʔan tšašulapit sukišʔuwlilo \xe 'he invited me to eat.' \xv 3. kikəpə ʔan tšišʔutałtəšiši \xe 'and now they are enemies of each.' \xv 4. ʔalaxuwəł ka puʔpu ʔan tsʔił ʔi šišʔap šimup, ʔišʔałluʔiwətšàš puʔpu ka ʔalaxuwəł \xe 'coyote and roadruinner had a house in a cave, and roadrunner and coyote were comrades.' \xv 5. šiʔišxʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'the two women.' \xv 6. siyʔixʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'the (three plus) women.' \sd prefixes \sd number \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.281.1, 3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx išałkəw \ps v \ge peck up \de to peck up \gn desgranar \dn desgranar \xv 1. kanawa sʔuwlilo ʔan tšaluškʔəy loʔišyəwəš kikatšišałkəw loʔkatsʔohóy kałʔiyunili heʔišyəwəš. \xe 'When he ate them up he moved his about, he pecked [them up] with his head.' \sd verbs \sd birds \sd food \lg TJPH \rf Roadrunner59-60/69.1089.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx išaw \ps v \ge warm, be \ge tolerably hot, be \de to be warm; to be tolerably hot \ee It seems that, for the most part, the word išaw is said of internal heat while apitsʔə is said of internal heat transferred from or caused by another source. This could explain the subtle differences in meaning in the examples for having a fever. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔališaw \pde to be warm.NZ; to be tolerably hot.NZ \cf ʔališawi \ce June (time of heat); summer \cf ʔišaw \ce sun; day \cf apitsʔə \ce to be (very) hot \cf isawus \ce to sweat \cf išawi \ce to be summer \cf susisawus \ce to make sweat \cf šišaw \ce to heat smth \cf šuxtišaw \ce to warm smth (not by means of a fire) \cf tšišawi \ce summer \cf uxtišaw \ce to be warm \xv 1. tšišaw hešikʔamaʔmə \xe 'I am warm' ; 'it warms my body.' \xv 2. tšišaw sikʔamamə \xe 'my body is hot (I have a fever).' \xv 3. tsapitsʔə hesikʔamamə \xe 'I have a fierce fever.' \sd stative \sd body \sd heat \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.285.3; 90.258.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx išawi \ps v \ge summer, be \de to be summer \mr [] \cf išaw \ce to be warm; to be tolerably hot \xv 1. neʔešišawi \xe 'it is already summer.' \sd chronometry \sd meteorology \sd verbs \sd heat \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.108.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx išmax \ps v \ge throw at \de to throw at \cf ʔišmaxəʔəš \ce sling \cf šišmax \ce to throw at each other \xv 1. tšišmaxit \xe 'he threw at me (with a stone) from far off.' \xv 1. hukišmax huksunuwus ʔišolop \xe 'I am going to throw a dirt clod at you.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 90.758.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx išmotš \cf ʔišmotš \ce I. gathering; meeting II. to gather; to unite \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx išpakš \ps v \ge ?put together \ge ?count up \de ?to put together; ?to count up \mr [] \cf pakeʔet \ce one; same \xv 1. tswatixeni simaxatʔaməy kikasyət kišišpakš sitsiyeliku \xe 'the fiesta ended and somebody came and put together (counted up?) the beads.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 89.643.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx išpiwetš \a ispiwetš \va (ispiwetš) \ps v \ge charge \ge sell \de to charge; to sell \ee Note how this verb can be used to mean 'to sell' and 'to cost,' two rather distinct concepts in English. \mr išpuwen ‘to pay; to pay smn back’, piʔiw ‘to cost’, piwetš ‘to be costly’ [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔališpiwetš \pde to charge.NZ; to sell.NZ \xv 1. (si)nelahušaqtšum san diego, ʔan hušišpiwetš heʔisʔap \xe 'if he likes San Diego, he will sell his house here.' \xv 2. muhusʰunispiwetš \xe 'I am not going to sell anything.' \xv 3. kikakasəwsəwus saʔališpiwetš šaʔałhaputš, ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'and I asked a butcher (or 'was talking with a butcher'), and he said to me.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd common \sd economics \lg TJPH \rf 89.210.2 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx išpuwen \ps v \ge pay \ge pay smn back \de to pay; to pay smn back \cf ispuwe \ce to buy; to rent \cf išpiwetš \ce to charge; to sell \cf piʔiw \ce to cost \xv 1. lo ʔi šup kayu lišpuwenił \xe 'God will pay you it.' \xv 2. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \sd verbs \sd economics \lg TJPH \rf 89.360.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ištanim̓u \ps n \ge sister-in-law (nine days of mourning after death of one’s wife) \de sister-in-law (nine days of mourning after death of one’s wife) \cf axəš \ce sister-in-law (wife’s sister after one’s wife dies) \cf xəš \ce sister-in-law \sd affinal \sd kinship \lg JPH \rf 72.282.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ištəhə \ps v \ge measure on one’s hand \ge measure against one’s hand \de to measure on one’s hand; to measure against one’s hand \ee An important, old expression. Shell money was wrapped around the hand and then cut after its length was determined. \mr [] \cf tə \ce I. name II. to be called; to be called by name; to name \xv 1. kištəhə saʔałtaqaš \xe 'I measure shell money on my hand.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 81.363.3 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx -it \rd -iʔit \a -ít \a -ìt \a -itʰ \a -ìtʰ \a -yit \va (-yit) \ps vsuf \ge 1S.OBJ \de first person singular object verbal suffix \ee Glossed as 1S.OBJ. \cf ʔiti \ce here \cf -tiʔiy \ce cislocative verbal suffix \xv 1. huštakʰuyit \xe 'he is going to have me (as a son).' \xv 2. tsʔatsʔəsinit \xe 'he shaved me.' \xv 3. tsmaxsunalit \xe 'he dragged me.' \xv 4. tštakšyəyənit \xe 'he pities me.' \xv 5. tsʰinaxkuhunit \xe 'he made me die from dream of dead.' \xv 6. tštawit \xe 'he gave it to me as a present.' \xv 7. tsamtawit poli \xe 'they gave me to Poli.' \xv 8. tsamtawit siqʔanwawaš \xe 'they gave me as a present to an old woman.' \xv 9. lašušʰo kisamtaktəlit \xe 'he let them fight me.' \xv 10. axakšit tsipin ʔałmóho ! \xe 'give me some candy!' \xv 11. lokakʔamiwu ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'my friend told me.' \xv 12. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tštaktəlit \xe 'this man hit me.' \xv 13. axakšit ʔapʔuxštu, ʔaloxmoy \xe 'give me some of your food lest you become deaf, stingy' (superstitious belief). \xv 14. ikšit lositsʔohoy hesałʔiti sutiyəʔət \xe 'give me the box that is on this side.' \xv 15. tšuliʔiš hesikʔoqwo kikasmaxsunalit \xe 'he grabbed me by the hair and dragged me.' \xv 16. kikakasewsewus saʔališpiwetš šaʔałhaputš, ʔan tsʔipit \xe 'and I asked a butcher (or 'was talking with a butcher') and he said to me.' \xv 17. tsnisiyułtulit ʔan tšnapiyetus, xaʔax sałnetuspiyit, kaypi kihuktaktə \xe 'she made me angry very much and therefore I am going to slay her.' \xv 18. ʔašnəm huptšoho hapšuqonšpiyit, kikšatiwənitš, kʰšatiwəš šaʔatʔaxatš saʔałmaliʔiʔi lasitpenit \xe 'when will you cease to make fun of me? I who got married to a man who does not think of me even the least.' \xv 19. ʔulasaxiyepitwaš lokaałʔalaxiyepš ʔan lakəkš tseqe lokakalušiʔik kimukišpuwenušwaš kəwə musaxiyepitwaš \xe 'if the doctor had cured me he would have removed my pain, but I didn’t pay him because he didn’t cure me.' \xv 20. tsaliwakʔayit \xe 'she lies on top of me' (original object was 'it'). \xv 21. no ʔan tsapitsʔə hesikʔamamə ʔan tsamsusisawusit \xe 'I was sick with fever and they made me sweat.' \xv 22. no ʔan hukałwa kəwə tsxononit lokakʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to kill him because he stole my horse.' \xv 23. no ʔan hukałwa lokaʔatʔaxatš kaʔałxononit lokakʰkawayu \xe 'I am going to kill the man who stole my horse.' \sd suffixes \sd vsuffixes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx itak \a itàkʰ \ps vprepd \ge heed \de to heed \ee Maybe a variant of itax ‘to hear’ or itaq ‘to understand (by hearing)’ \cf itaksə \ce to clarify smth; to get clarity for smth \xv 1. musamitakus \xe 'they paid no attention to his words.' \sd vprepounds \sd prepounds \sd cognition \sd senses \lg TJPH \rf 90.357.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itaksə \a itakʰsə̀ \ps v \ge get clarity for smth \ge clarify smth \de to clarify smth; to get clarity for smth \mr [] \cf itak \ce to heed \cf itaq \ce to understand (by hearing); by hearing \xv 1. nelukʔisalinetùs kihukiyitakʰsə̀ loʔkakiyaqʰnitoqʰlołkòy \xe 'how will we get clarity for our thoughts?' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg TJPH \rf 69.535/543.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx italiano \ps n \ge Italian \de Italian \mr [] \xv 1. mineti ʔan italiano \xe 'Mineta is Italian.' \sd borrowings \sd people \sd Spanish \rf 3.88.14.1 \dt 16/Jul/2019 \lx itaq \rd itaqtaq \a itaqʰ- \a itax \a itax- \va (itaq-, itax, itax-) \ps prepnd \ge by hearing \ge hearing, by \ge INSTR.hearing \de to understand (by hearing); by hearing \ee Glossed as INSTR.hearing when used as a prefix. \pd \pdl v \pdv itetetš \pde to understand (by hearing).IPFV; by hearing.IPFV \et *taq \ec Compare BOI ʼitaq ‘to hear,’ CRZ ma-taqʰ-wi ‘to understand’, INZ ʼitaq ‘to hear,’ OBI taqɨnɨ ‘to hear’ (Klar 1977: 127; Klar 1977: 92) \cf ʔalitaqkʰuy \ce to be important; to be famous \cf itak \ce to heed \cf itaksə \ce to clarify smth; to get clarity for smth \cf itaqyəw \ce to obey \cf itaxkumeʔeł \ce to understand (by hearing) \cf itaxsə \ce to understand \cf šitaqnəʔəpš \ce to interpret; to be an interpreter \xv 1. nipitaq ? \xe 'did you understand? did you hear?' \xv 2. nipitaq hešikʔałhašəʔəš \xe 'you do not understand my words' (what I talk). \xv 3. kasitax ʔi šuwatšə pakeʔet saʔałkʔot \xe 'he heard the yell of one of the broken one.' \xv 4. kitaqʰ ʔisasxələlə̀ sixšap \xe 'I look out, I hear a snake rattle.' \xv 5. tsaqʰtsʔum kʔùwe tsqeyepì ; musʰuwaqʰniʔìł mukiyitàqʰ \xe 'it [the bat] chirps and it is very weak; it is not clearly audible, we do not hear it.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx itaqtaq \ps v \ge understand (by hearing).REDUP \ge by hearing.REDUP \de to understand (by hearing).REDUP; by hearing.REDUP \cf itaq \ce to understand (by hearing); by hearing \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itaqyəw \ps v \ge obey \de to obey \mr [] \xv 1. tsitaqyəwus lokaskoko kilatšə ʔiskeʔep ʔišnaxšnaxyəʔət \xe 'obedient to her father she went to bathe every morning.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf Glutton152-153 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itata \ps v \ge pound \de to pound \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI itatan ‘to pound,’ INZ itatan ‘to beat; to pound’ (Whistler 1980: 11; SYBCI 2007: 155) \xv 1. kitata sinoqʔots lokawiwiłpimu \xe 'I pounded the iron on the place they always pound on [the anvil].' \xv 2. musiyiwex kin lasiyitata \xe 'they do not pound it up [in the mortar], therefore they just pound it [?elsewhere].' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg TJPH \rf 90.217.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itaxkumeʔeł \ps v \ge understand (by hearing) \de to understand (by hearing) \gn penetrar \dn penetrar \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf kumeʔeł \ce to move straight (to) \xv 1. loʔkaqunqunup kanawà siyitaxkumeʔeł loʔkašmiš kašmaqʰtunutš kakù \xe 'the boys when they had fathomed the cry of the half human.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd senses \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Daughter112 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itaxsə \a itaxsə̀ \ps v \ge understand \de to understand \mr [] \xv 1. yəlaʔa kitaxsə̀ loʔkałʔamipʰpi \xe 'I understood all that they told me.' \xv 2. tsiqisə loʔka_pon̓ waliʔiʔin siyitaxsə ʔipšteweł ʔaxipeneš lułʔisukitwo \xe 'they look at the log and soon they consider exactly how many tables they will extract from it.' \xv 3. kanawa sitaxsə yəlaʔa lokałnetpu, kikašišyət kašiškumuʔus lokalilikʔenpi kašišʰaʔaʔay \xe 'when he had heard the whole story they came and arrived at the place where their daughter was.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \sd body \lg TJPH \rf Coyo105-107 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx itete \ps v \ge pound \ge hammer \de to pound; to hammer \ee This verb does not mean 'to powder' \cf aqitetetš \ce to bruise oneself; to become bruised \xv 1. hukitete \xe 'I will grind something' (not ground into powder, just broken up). \xv 2. neʔešitetetš \xe 'it is already ground.' \xv 3. hukaqisə \xe 'I pounded it up to a fine powder.' \xv 4. tsʰapitsʔə lokasʔeqenmu, kinupan tsaqsumu niwašətš ʔan munašwašətš kišʰutapiniʔiy hesinə kikasitete \xe 'he heats the horseshoe and tries it on and if it does not yet fit well he heats it again and hammers it.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.18.2, 65.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itəmə \ps v \ge afraid, be \ge scared (timid), be \de to be afraid; to be scared (?timid) \ee No examples found. This may be related to itəwə ‘to be wild.’ \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI itʼimin ‘to be afraid; to be scared; to fear,’ CRZ itɨm̓ɨn ‘to be afraid,’ INZ itɨm̓in ‘to be fearful; to be timid,’ OBI timɨnʼi ‘(to be) wild’ (Whistler 1980: 11; Beeler & Klar 1977: 70; SYBCI 2007: 156; Klar 1977: 119) \mr [] \sy ʔałxuxa \cf oxonišpi \ce to be afraid of \sd verbs \sd stative \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.213.3, 248.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx itəwə \ps v \ge ?wild, be \de ?to be wild \et ɕ \ec Compare INZ itəwəʼ ‘(to be) wild,’ and OBI timɨnʼi ‘(to be) wild’ (Klar 1977: 119) \ee This may be related to itəmə ‘to be afraid; to be scared (?timid).’ \cf oxonišpi \ce to be afraid of \xv 1. kitəwə hesiʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I do not care to act as if I knew this man or recognize this man.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ititpe \ps v \ge alive, be \de to be alive \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan kititpe \xe 'I am alive.' \xv 2. lasxuyuw ʔišaqša, mušaqša, tsititpe \xe 'he is just making believe dead, he is not dead, he is alive.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.577.3-4 \dt 21/Sep/2018 \lx itiyep \ps v \ge tell (inform) \de to tell (inform) \xv 1. hałnawa šaqša, ʔan pitiyepit \xe 'when he dies, tell me.' \xv 2. lakʰan hałtšawša ʔan pitiyepit kihuknaʔał \xe 'in case he dies, tell me so that I can go.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg TJPH \rf 89.559.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itow \ps v \ge smoke, be \de to be smoke \et *tuwoʔ \ec Compare BOI tow̓ ‘smoke,’ INZ tow̓ ‘smoke,’ OBI (č)tuwoʼ ‘smoke,’ PUY atow̓ ‘smoke’ (Klar 1977: 108) \cf ʔitow \ce smoke \cf sitow \ce to smoke out \cf sitowitš \ce to make smoke \sd elements \sd heat \sd verbs \sd nature \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -itpe- \ps vroot \ge alive, be \de be alive \ee Harrington notes that this is not a word on its own, but the root is evident in the causative form ͽsitpe ‘to heal smn.’ \cf ʔałʔałtsitpe \ce healer \cf ititpe \ce to be alive \cf itpeni \ce to be healed; to be recovered (from illness) \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itpen \a itpén \ph ɪtʰpɛn \ps v \ge remember \ge recall \de to remember; to recall \ee It is unclear how this word differs from aqnitpen in meaning. \cf aqnitpen \ce to remember smn/smth \cf sitpen \ce to remind \xv 1. neʔekitpen \xe 'I already remembered.' \xv 2. neʔekitpeni \xe 'I already remembered.' \xv 3. kisitʰpen lokasʔap kaloʔkaskoʔko \xe 'she remembered her house and her father.' \xv 4. kitpen lokanawaʔaʔaʔy ʔan tskumuswu šaʔaqšanəš lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'I remember that a long while ago the fishes got an epidemic.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.44.3, 577.3-4; Daughter42 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itpeni \ps v \ge healed, be \ge recovered (from illness), be \de to be healed; to be recovered (from illness) \mr [] \xv 1. neʔekitpeni \xe 'I am already healed.' \xv 2. neʔesitpeni lokasʔəwʔəwənəʔəš \xe 'he is already healed of the cuts.' \xv 3. kisisyikus saʔaxʔaxiyeʔep kuhusitpeni, kuhusikitwo šikumkumeʔeł \xe 'and they gave her medicines that she might recover.' \xv 4. neekwašətš, neekitpeni \xe 'I am well, I have recovered.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.554.1, 577.3, 733.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ituš \ps v \ge fart \ge spray (as a skunk does) \de to fart; to spray (as a skunk does) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv itušpi \pde to fart.APL.LOC; to spray (as a skunk does).APL.LOC \xv 1. yəlaʔa heʔisʔamamə ʔan tšʰošoy kaʔišituš ʔan tšuxš \xe 'his body is black and his wind breaking smells bad.' \sd body \sd verbs \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.763.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itʔaw \ps v \ge dazzled, be \de to be dazzled \cf ʔalitʔaw̓ \ce kelp bass \cf sitʔaw \ce to dazzle (with light) \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.217.3; 90.579.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx itʔexš \ps v \ge spread out, be \ge broad, be \de to be spread out; to be broad \ee Said of a broad spread of water flowing over a flattish bottom. \cf aputiyitʔexš \ce to flow broadly \xv 1. tšitʔexš lokoʔo \xe 'the water is spread out as in a shallow river.' \xv 2. tšaputiʔišmotš kilotanimaha ʔan tšaputiyitʔexš \xe 'the water runs all together and further down the stream it is calmer.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg TJPH \rf 89.341.2, 4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx itʔo \ps v \ge munch \de to munch \xv 1. no ʔan kitʔo sipinoli \xe 'I munched a dry handful of pinole.' \sd food \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 90.373.4 \dt 08/Sep/2018 \lx itʔomomo \ps v \ge hit (?with one’s fists) \de to hit (?with one’s fists) \xv 1. hukitʔomomo loʔiskəw \xe 'I am going to hit him with my fist in his chest.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg TJPH \rf 89.719.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itsikuw \ps v \ge have boils \ge boils, have \ge have ingrown hairs \ge ingrown hairs, have \de ?to have boils; ?to have ingrown hairs \cf aqʔus \ce to have sores \cf yułkitwo \ce to have acne; to have pimples \xv 1. no ʔan kitsikuw \xe 'I have boils.' \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd stative \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.121.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx itsitsʔa \ps v \ge play (in) \de to play (in) \cf itsʔaw \ce to play with \xv 1. tsiyitsitsʔa losiqasqas \xe 'the children are playing on the sand (beach).' \sd verbs \sd common \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.97.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itsqutinhət \ps n \ge forehead strap \de forehead strap \ee Note the translation in example 2. It cannot be accounted for and may be an error. \mr [] \xv 1. kitsqutinhət \xe 'my forehead strap.' \xv 2. kapitsqutinhət \xe 'it is your forehead strap.' \sd culture \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.255.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itsuktsuk \ps v \ge prick repeadedly \ge tattoo \de to prick repeatedly; to tattoo \mr [] \cf itsuq \ce to poke a hole in smth \xv 1. kitsuktsuk \xe 'I prick' (tatoo with needle repeatedly). \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 91.572.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itsuq \rd itsuktsuk \ps v \ge poke a hole in smth \de to poke a hole in smth \cf itsuktsuk \ce to prick repeatedly; to tattoo \xv 1. kitsuq \xe 'I make a hole with my awl (in making basket).' \sd verbs \sd basketry \rf 81.257.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itsʔałxaʔax \ps n \ge thumb \de thumb \mr [] \cf xaʔax \ce to be big; to be fat; to be large; to be thick \xv 1. hesikitsʔałxaʔax \xe 'my thumb.' \xv 2. hesipitsʔałxaʔax \xe 'thy thumb.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.274.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itsʔanmitʔi \ps n \ge pinky \ge little finger \de pinky; little finger \mr [] \cf mitʔi \ce to be small; to be young; to be small in quantity or intensity \xv 1. kitsʔanmitʔi \xe 'my little finger.' \xv 2. hesipitsʔanmitʔi \xe 'thy little finger.' \sd anatomy \lg TJPH \rf 91.276.3 \dt 22/Jun/2019 \lx itsʔaw \ps vt \ge play with \de to play with \cf ʔałtsuyitsʔa \ce imp; mischievious one \cf itsitsʔa \ce to play (in) \cf kasiyʔitsʔanmu \ce playground \cf matitsʔa \ce to play with playthings (childhood toys) \cf suyitsʔa \ce to want to play \xv 1. no ʔan kitsʔawuswu lokakʰqonqonəʔəš \xe 'I am playing with my plaything.' \sd verbs \sd gaming \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.110.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itsʔele \ps n \ge clitoris \de clitoris \et *Cele ~ Cʔele \ec Compare INZ ic’ele ‘clitoris,’ OBI čʰele ‘clitoris’ (Klar 1977: 76) \mr [] \cf ʔeł \ce necklace \sd anatomy \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx itsʔutinhət \ps n \ge wood carrying headband \ge headband, wood carrying \de wood carrying headband \ee Note example 6, which has no ͽi between ͽka- and the root. This may be a typographical error. \xv 1. hesikitsʔutinhət \xe 'my band for gathering wood.' \xv 2. lokasitsʔutinhət \xe 'his wood-carrying band.' \xv 3. lokasiyitsʔutinhət \xe 'their wood-carrying band.' \xv 4. ʔaskusʰin hesitsʔutinhət \xe 'whose is this wood carrying band?' \xv 5. tšnoqnoqš hekakitsʔutinhət \xe 'my wood carrying band is all broken.' \xv 6. lokatsʔutinhət \xe 'that wood gathreing band.' \sd culture \sd tools \lg JPH \rf 91.291.4-292.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx itš- \a its- \va (its-) \ps vpre \ge ASSOC \ge associative prefix \de associative prefix \ee This prefix is found in words where there is a close association between one thing and another. Glossed as ASSOC. \cf ʔeł \ce necklace \cf ʔitškuhu \ce to defend smn; to help smn fight \cf alitšwe \ce to have sex with; to fornicate with \cf ?istukun \ce knee \cf itsqutinhət \ce forehead strap \cf itsʔałxaʔax \ce thumb \cf itsʔanmitʔi \ce pinky; little finger \cf itsʔele \ce clitoris \cf ?itšyułtʔuł \ce to be mad at \cf itšʔemetšeš \ce to be the enemy of \cf ?watistukunpi \ce to bump one's knee against \sd body \sd prefixes \sd nprefixes \sd instrumentals \lg JPH; SW \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -itš \cf -Vtš \ce property verbalizing suffix \sd variations \dt 15/Apr/2018 \lx itšitšʔiʔitš \ps n \ge sibling, younger.REDUP \ge brother, younger.REDUP \ge sister, younger.REDUP \de younger sibling.REDUP \cf itšʔitš \ce younger sibling \sd reduplications \dt 15/Apr/2018 \lx itšyułtʔuł \ps v \ge mad at, be \de to be mad at \mr [] \cf yułtʔuł \ce to be angry \xv 1. no ʔan kitšyułtʔuł \xe 'I am mad at him.' \xv 2. pi ʔan pitšyułtʔulit \xe 'you are angry at me.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.406.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itšʔemetšeš \ps v \ge enemy of, be the \de to be the enemy of \mr [] \cf ʔemetšeš \ce soldier; warrior; war \xv 1. lokafranses ʔan tšiyitšʔemetšešwu lokaʔaleman \xe 'the French are enemies of the Germans.' \sd verbs \sd warfare \lg TJPH \rf 91.511.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx itšʔitš \rd itšitšʔiʔitš \ps n \ge sibling, younger \ge brother, younger \ge sister, younger \de younger sibling \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ičʼič ‘younger sibling,’ OBI cʼisiʼ ‘younger sister’ (Whistler 1980: 80; Klar 19--a: 58) \ee Note the special vocative form ͽtšʔitš ‘younger sibling!’ \xv 1. lokapitšʔitš \xe 'your younger brother or sister.' \xv 2. lokasiyitšʔitš \xe 'their younger brother [or sister]. \xv 3. lokašišitšʔitš \xe 'the younger brother of them two.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 72.232.3-235.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx iwa- \a iwi- \va (iwi-) \ps vpre \ge of sudden motion from \ge sudden motion from, of \ge INSTR.sudden \de of sudden motion from \ee Glossed as INSTR.sudden. \cf ʔaliwałqlay \ce salamander larva; newt \cf iwałnapay \ce to spring out of the water onto the ground \cf iwałqlay \ce to be smooth \cf iwałtapi \ce to come into from out of \cf iwałtə \ce to chase smth out \cf iwałtšaqša \ce to be sad at heart; to be dead tired \cf iwałyam \ce to slide down \cf iwanaʔał \ce to go fast \cf iwaxikpi \ce to touch smth on (smth else) \cf iwaxułhek \ce to cause one to have an outburst of joy \cf iwayət \ce to drive; to chase; to heard \cf iwiʔišmotš \ce to gather incidentally (or suddenly?) \cf iwołxoyoyo \ce to begin to fly \cf siwałkitwo \ce to throw out \cf siwałnapay \ce to seize something in the water and throw it on the ground \cf siwałqlay \ce to make smooth \cf siwałtapi \ce to throw on/in \cf siwałyam \ce to throw smth down \cf šiwałqlayəʔəš \ce smoothing instrument \cf šiwałyam \ce to throw over \cf šiwełmešeʔeš \ce shuttle (for weaving) \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwakan \ps v \ge envy \ge jealous of, be \de to envy; to be jealous of \gn envidia, tener \dn tener envidia \ee At least the nominalized form of this verb was archaic at the time Harrington recorded it. The nominalized form ͽʔałʔalaxʔutʔu was the common way to indicate that someone was 'an envier.' \cf aqtšum \ce to like; to take a liking to \xv 1. no ʔan kiwakan \xe 'I envy' or 'I am envious.' \xv 2. tštaʔaw, musʔił ʔaliwakan \xe 'he gave something away as a present, he is not an envier.' \xv 3. no ʔan kiwakanus lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I am envious of that man.' \xv 4. kʔałʔalaxʔutʔu \xe 'I am a envier.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.106, 220.1 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx iwalawakʔay \ps v \ge fall from \de to fall from \mr [] \cf wakʔay \ce to be on top of \cf walawakʔay \ce to get on and off of quickly \xv 1. kiwalawakʔay hesikaxon \xe 'I fell down from above on top of the box.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.588.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iwałnapay \ps v \ge spring out of the water onto the ground \de to spring out of the water onto the ground \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \cf siwałnapay \ce to seize something in the water and throw it on the ground \xv 1. kiwałnapay \xe 'I quickly sprang or moved up out of the water to the land.' \xv 2. huksuwałnapay \xe 'I seize a fish [or anything] in the water with my hands and throw it up out of the water on the land.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.579.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iwałqlay \a iwałqʰlay \ps v \ge smooth, be \de to be smooth \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔaliwałqlay \pde to be smooth.NZ \cf ʔaliwałqlay \ce salamander larva; newt \cf siwałqlay \ce to make smooth \cf šiwałqlayəʔəš \ce smoothing instrument \xv 1. ʔaliwałqlay \xe 'something smooth.' \xv 1. tsiwałqlay heʔispax \xe 'he had very smooth skin.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 3.88.19.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx iwałtapi \ps v \ge come into from out of \de to come into from out of \mr [] \cf siwałtapi \ce to throw on/in \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. naštəʔəʔə tsiyət kitsiyiwałtapi ʔišə \xe 'while they were coming they fell into a ravine.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.579.3; Coyo11 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwałtə \a iwałtə̀ \ps v \ge chase smth out \de to chase smth out \mr [] \cf tə \ce I. name II. to be called; to be called by name; to name \xv 1. iwałtə heʔištəʔəniwaš ! \xe 'chase this dog!' \xv 2. iwałtə kuhuskitwo (Ϟor kuskitwo) hemitəpə ! \xe 'chase this dog that he goes out of here!' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH \rf 88.28 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx iwałtšaqša \a iwałtšaqšà \ps v \ge sad at heart, be \ge dead tired, be \ge tired, be dead \de to be sad at heart; to be dead tired \mr [] \cf aqša \ce to die \xv 1. neʔesməkəʔə ʔišnaʔał kišiwałtšaqša \xe 'she went slowly, sad at heart.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg TJPH \rf Glutton112 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwałyam \ps v \ge slide down \de to slide down \mr [] \cf šiwałyam \ce to throw over \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kasʔip pakeʔet, “kiyiwałyam” \xe ' one said, “we have slid down.” ' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg TJPH \rf Coyo23-24 \dt 08/Jan/2019 \lx iwanaʔał \ps v \ge go fast \de to go fast \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.125.1; 94.347.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iwan̓ \ps n \ge niece-in-law (brother's son's wife) \de niece-in-law (brother's son's wife) \cf šaʔay̓ \ce daughter; niece \sd kinship \sd affinal \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.260-265 \dt 15/Apr/2018 \lx -iwaš \a -uwaš \va (-uwaš) \ps nsuf \ge DEPR \ge depreviative noun suffix \de depreciative noun suffix \ee This suffix indicates that something is old, late, useless, and or ‘ex’ in nature. Some words are lexicalized with this suffix: ͽʔaʔawaš, ͽpakəwaš, ͽqʔanwawaš, ͽtštəʔəniwaš, etc. Glossed as DEPR. \mr [<-i (ϡcplvϡ) + -waš (ϡpstϡ)>] \pd ʑ \pdl nsuf \pdv -iwats \pde DEPR.DIM \pdl nsuf \pdv -watš \pde DEPR.DIM \cf -i \ce completive verbal suffix \cf ʔaʔawaš \ce crow \cf mitʔiyiwats \ce to be very small \cf pakəwaš \ce old man \cf qʔanwawaš \ce old woman \cf tštəʔəniwaš \ce dog; pet dog \cf -waš \ce past tense suffix \sd suffixes \sd nsuffixes \lg TJPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4; 94.385.1-3, 386.1-387.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwaxikpi \ps v \ge touch smth on (smth else) \de to touch smth on (smth else) \mr [] \cf axiʔik \ce to touch lightly \xv 1. kiwaxikpi sipon̓ \xe 'I just touch it with a stick.' \sd verbs \sd senses \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iwaxułhek \ps v \ge cause one to have an outburst of joy \ge outburst of joy, cause one to have an \ge joy, cause one to have an outburst of \de to cause one to have an outburst of joy \mr [] \xv 1. no ʔan tsiwaxułhekitʰ \xe 'I have an outburst of joy.' \sd verbs \sd emotions \lg TJPH \rf 71.450.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iwayət \ps v \ge drive \ge chase \ge heard \de to drive; to chase; to heard \mr [] \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. kitsiyiwayətwu loʔkaʔalušʔexš kaʔo \xe 'they drove them into shallow water.' \sd verbs \sd animals \lg TJPH \rf Weir2A \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwex \ps v \ge pound up \de to pound up \et ɕ \ec Compare CRZ iweq ‘to pound’ (Beeler & Klar 1977: 112) \sy səpət \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv iwexš \pde to pound up.IPFV \cf ʔiwexeš \ce smth crushed \cf ʔiwexšmu \ce place where smth is pounded \cf iwexeʔeš \ce stone held in hand when pounding up dried meat \xv 1. kiwex \xe 'I pound it up.' \xv 2. musiyiwex kin lasiyitata \xe 'they do not pound it up [in the mortar], therefore they just pound it [?elsewhere].' \sd verbs \sd food \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx iwexeʔeš \ps n \ge stone held in hand when pounding up dried meat \de stone held in hand when pounding up dried meat \mr [] \cf iwex \ce to pound up \sd tools \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.612.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -iwə- \ps vroot \ge related to relationships \de related to relationships \cf ʔaliwə \ce relative \cf ʔaliwən \ce to be a brother or sister (?relative) to smn \cf ʔaqškʔutiwə \ce friend \cf ʔaqškʔutiwəš \ce to play with (smn or smth) \cf ʔiwə \ce countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \cf aktiwəš \ce to come and visit \cf aqskʔutiwə \ce friend \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \cf iwištu \ce to accompany smn \cf qatʔiwəš \ce to lay together side by side; to fasten together side by side \cf quliwəš \ce to stencil \cf suyašatiwənitš \ce to want to be married \cf šatiwə \ce spouse \cf šatiwənitš \ce to be married \cf šatiwəš \ce to marry smn \cf šiwəš \ce to accompany \cf tiwəš \ce to be with; to live with \sd vroots \sd roots \sd kinship \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwəʔəš \a iwəš \a iwiš \va (iwəš, iwəš-, iwiš-) \ps v \ge accompany \ge go be with \ge return to \ge have sex with (?idiomatic) \de to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \ee It is unclear how this differs from the causative form: šiwəš. \mr [] \cf ʔiwə \ce countryman; comrade; fellow traveler \cf aktiwəš \ce to come and visit \cf aqskʔutiwə \ce friend \cf iwištu \ce to accompany smn \cf qatʔiwəš \ce to lay together side by side; to fasten together side by side \cf šiwəš \ce to accompany \cf tiwəš \ce to be with; to live with \xv 1. hukiwəʔəš \xe 'I am going to go with him.' \xv 2. hukiwəšił \xe 'I go along with you.' \xv 3. hukiwəšiʔił \xe 'I am going to accompany you.' \xv 4. hukiwəʔəš \xe 'I am going to go with him' (cannot add ͽ-us). \xv 5. kšiwəš \xe 'they two went with him.' \xv 6. hukšiwəšił \xe 'we two are going to go with you.' \xv 7. hukiyiwəšił \xe 'we three plus will accompany you.' \xv 8. kikəpə ʔan hukiwəʔəš lokakʰkoko \xe 'now I am going home to my father.' \xv 9. no ʔan hukiwəš xwan kuhukišnaʔał lokasʔap \xe 'I will accompany Juan to his house.' \xv 10. kałwašətš hupsunikʔoli kihušiwəʔəš lokaskoko \xe 'it is a good plan to return her to her father.' \xv 11. ʔalałpay, kihusikʔumiyi latšə, hušiyʔiwəʔəš lyos, kəwə tsiyeqnekenpi lokašašʰunatš lyos \xe 'to Heaven to enjoy God forever, because they kept his holy commandments.' \xv 12. ki pi, muhupiwišitu, kišʰinʔin siʔixpanəš \xe 'and you, do you not want to go with me? we two will go acorning.' \xv 13. tsʔipus lokašʰatiwə, “mupʔałxuxa, kanawa huskumi ʔan pʔipus, ‘hukiwišił,’ ipus ‘munakalaqwaʔay,’ kihustapi” \xe 'his wife said to him, "don’t be a coward, when he arrives tell him, ‘I will go along with you,’ tell him, ‘I am not yet ready,’ ask him to come inside.' " \xv 14. kiwəʔəš loʔkaxʔanwa \xe 'I fucked a woman.' \sd verbs \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.102.1, 614.1-3, 615.3-616.3; 92.463.1; Devil11 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwəł \ps v \ge kill (?by shooting) \de to kill (?by shooting) \xv 1. tsamsinayus tskúmu sipon̓ loʔistəq siya kuhusiwəł šitšwiw \xe 'they have put four sticks on the end of the arrow, that it may kill birds.' \sd lifecycle \sd hunting \sd verbs \rf 81.249.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwələlə \ps v \ge vibrate \ge shake \de to vibrate; to shake \xv 1. tsiwələlə loʔkapon̓ \xe 'one stick vibrates.' \sd culture \sd religion \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 69.945.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwəš(-) \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwəwə \ps v \ge quiver \ge palpitate \de to quiver; to palpitate \ee Harrington notes that this word describes a feeling associated with exhilaration, anticipation, and uncertainty such as a girl might have before going to a dance.v \mr [] \cf naqiwəwə \ce to carry while swimming \cf sutixutiwəwə \ce to be in a hurry; to cause to be in a hurry \cf uniwəwə \ce to dance at night (a specific dance) \xv 1. tsiwəwə hešikpoš \xe 'my heart is startled/exicted/exhilarated.' \sd emotions \sd body \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.617.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwiʔišmotš \ps v \ge gather incidentally (or suddenly?) \de to gather incidentally (or suddenly?) \mr [] \cf ʔismo \ce to take together in a group \cf ʔišmotš \ce I. gathering; meeting II. to gather; to unite \xv 1. saʔalaxəwəł ʔan mulatšə šiʔišmotš - latšʔilitš kisiyiwiʔišmotš \xe 'the coyote does not run in packs – only sometimes they they get together.' \sd verbs \sd number \lg TJPH \rf 92.636.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx iwinetšeš \ps v \ge crowned with, be \de to be crowned with \xv 1. loʔkaxšap ʔan tsaqʰləw̓ə̀ loʔkaʔantimenkeyeyé kasaqutiple loʔkaʔantimenkeyeye. kisuwelewele heʔišyəwəš kiswewèkʰ heʔisʔamə kalokatspax lokaxšap kikaskitwò \xe 'the rattlesnake swallows the horned lizard and the horned lizard is finished. then he [the horned lizard] shakes his head, he tears his the snake's flesh and skin and exits.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd reptiles \lg JPH \rf 71.255.2-256.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx iwiš \ps v \ge accompany \ge go with \de to accompany; to go with \xv 1. ki pi, muhupiwišitu, kišʰinʔin siʔixpanəš \xe 'and you, do you not want to go with me? we two will go acorning.' \xv 2. tsʔipus lokašʰatiwə, “mupʔałxuxa, kanawa huskumi ʔan pʔipus, ‘hukiwišił,’ ipus ‘munakalaqwaʔay,’ kihustapi” \xe 'his wife said to him, "don’t be a coward, when he arrives tell him, ‘I will go along with you,’ tell him, ‘I am not yet ready,’ ask him to come inside.' " \sd common \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.463.1; Devil11 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwiš- \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwištu \ps v \ge accompany smn \de to accompany smn \ee Said of one person accompanying another. Word appears to be a compound. \mr [] \cf iwəʔəš \ce to accompany; to go be with; to return to; to have sex with (?idiomatic) \xv 1. ki pi, muhupiwišitu ? kišʰinʔin siʔixpanəš \xe 'and you, do you not want to go with me? we two will go acorning.' \sd verbs \lg TJPH \rf 92.463.1 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx iwit \rd iwitwit \ps v \ge bark \de to bark \xv 1. tsiwitwit hesikʰqo \xe 'my dog is barking.' \xv 2. tsiwitwitus hesikʰqo ʔalaʔasku \xe 'my dog is barking at somebody.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd language \lg JPH \rf 89.618.1 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx iwitwit \ps v \ge bark.REDUP \de to bark.REDUP \cf iwit \ce to bark \sd reduplications \dt 26/Jun/2011 \lx iwokoʔok \ps n \ge ball, shinney \ge shinney ball \de shinney ball \cf tiqawitš \ce to play shinney (piaque) \xv 1. kʔwəp lokakiwokoʔok \xe 'I hit the shinny ball.' \sd gaming \lg JPH \rf 89.618.2-619.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iwołxoyoyo \ps v \ge begin to fly \de to begin to fly \ee Said only of the flight of young birds when they can fly only a little. \mr [] \cf xoyoyo \ce to fly \xv 1. tsiwołxoyoyo \xe 'he is beginning to fly.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd birds \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.619.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx iwon \a iwòn \rd iwonwon \ps v \ge sound \ge groan \ge bray \ge crow \ge moo \ge howl \ge croak \ge sing (said of birds) \de to sound; to make chirping noises; to groan; to bray; to crow; to moo; to howl; to croak; to sing (said of birds) \ee In reference to chirping, this word can denote to the sound that a boy makes when making barley. \cf ʔiwontštəʔəš \ce sound \cf axiwon \ce to grunt \cf nəw \ce to sing \cf siwon \ce to sound; to play \cf utiwon \ce to sob \xv 1. tsiwon \xe 'it sounds.' \xv 2. tsiyiwon \xe 'they 3 sound.' \xv 3. tsiwon siwaka \xe 'the cow moos.' \xv 4. tsiyiwon sixwetet \xe 'the frogs are croaking.' \xv 5. tsiwonwon siwulu \xe 'the donkey brays.' \xv 6. tsiwonwon loʔkatšwiw \xe 'that bird is singing.' \xv 7. tsaqtsum lokamakał \xe 'the bat chirps.' \xv 8. hesikʰtsʔiwis ʔan tsiwon \xe 'my rattle sounds.' \xv 9. kisiyiwonwon sinunaxyəʔət \xe 'the mosquitoes sing all night long.' \xv 10. munasuyanaxyət kisiyiwon lokaʔəqəy \xe 'the chickens sing early.' \xv 11. ʔan tsʰuninaxyəʔəʔət kisiwon lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'very early the cock crows.' \xv 12. tšiyalušluškʔəy kika sixołxonowo, kikasiwonwon \xe 'they writh, jump, and groan' (said of fishes). \xv 13. tsisuwaxaʔax ʔisiyiwon lokaməy, tšiyalułkuwitš ʔisiyiwon \xe 'the wolves had a low-pitched resonant sound, they gave fear.' \xv 14. kʰan ʔisalilikʔe ʔan lokałpakeʔet kasʔəł ʔan tswatwatitiwekey lokatsʔohoy kasʔəł kikasiwon \xe 'when he sits he rubs one leg against the other and thus sings.' \xv 15. tsiwon loʔišpoš kitsuwaqʰniʔił \xe 'its heart sounds and one hears it.' \sd verbs \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.105, 619.3-624.1; 94.375.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ixaʔaš \ps v \ge echo \ge resound \de to echo; to resound \ee This verb cannot be used in the first person. \xv 1. tšixaʔaš losimaha \xe 'the canyon resounds or echoes.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd senses \lg JPH \rf 92.662.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ixip \a ixipʰ \ps vt \ge win \ge earn \de to win; to earn \ee This verb is used in the sense to win against someone, and also in the sense to win money, such as money in a bank that accumulates interest. English does not permit a transitive use of 'win' in the sense that Ventureño does here. \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv ixipš \pde to win.IPFV; to earn.IPFV \xv 1. ʔula muʔəhə hałtsʔixip, ʔan ʔəwəlasməkənli hałtšpelonušaʔaš \xe 'if he did not earn a lot, he would not go so far to shear.' \xv 2. kʰan tsipsinay lokapʔałtšum losiwanku ʔan tsʔił ʔisixip lokapʔałtšum \xe 'if you put your money in the bank it brings interest.' \xv 3. musʔił ʔalixipit \xe 'no one knows better than I' (lit., 'there is no one that can win [against] me'). \xv 4. munasixipš \xe 'it is not finished yet.' \xv 5. néésíxípš \xe 'it is finished.' \sd verbs \sd phrases \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 81.72.4; 90.348.4; 91.50.1; Daughter56 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ixmay \ps vt \ge faint, cause to \ge cause to faint \de to cause to faint \mr [] \cf axtanikʔoyi \ce to revive; to come to after a faint \cf axtaxʔuyi \ce to come to after a faint \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf may \ce to go out (said of fire); to extinguish smth; to put smth over smth/smn \xv 1. tsixmayit \xe 'I fainted.' \xv 2. lokaxʔanwa ʔan tsixmayus \xe 'the woman fainted away.' \xv 3. ʔalahusixmayit \xe 'maybe I am going to faint.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd common \sd health \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.410.3 \dt 11/Nov/2018 \lx ixpanəš \cf ʔixpanəš \ce acorn \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ixsma \ps n \ge sleep seed \ge rheum \de sleep seed; rheum \xv 1. tskitwo hesikixsma \xe 'the sleepseed comes in my eyes.' \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.731.3 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx ixšilili \ps v \ge screech \de to screech \cf apixšilili \ce to hiss from heat \cf šixšilili \ce to shake back and forth \xv 1. lokaslow̓ ʔan tšixšililì \xe 'the eagle screeches.' \xv 2. tšixšilìli \xe '(the lard) in frying pan hisses.' \sd verbs \sd birds \sd animals \sd language \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.581.2 \dt 08/Sep/2018 \lx ixut \a ixút \ps v \ge burn \de to burn \et *qi/ut \ec Compare BOI ʼixut ‘to burn,’ INZ ixut ‘to burn,’ OBI qu ‘to burn,’ PUY ex̂utu̥ ‘to burn’ (Klar 1977: 73-74; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.2) \cf sixut \ce to make burn \xv 1. hesipinoli ʔan tsixut kaypi ʔan šʰošoy \xe 'this pinole is burnt, and therefore it is dark.' \xv 2. ixut ʔi šup \xe 'equinoxial storm.' \xv 3. tsixut saʔap \xe 'a house burned.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd elements \sd food \sd heat \lg JPH \rf 81.120.4; 94.360.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx ixwalilik \ps v \ge mottled, be \ge variegated, be \ge iridescent, be \de to be mottled; to be variegated; to be iridescent \cf sixwalilik \ce to mottle \xv 1. tsixwalilikʰ heʔismətʰ \xe 'its back is variegated or iridescent.' \sd verbs \sd colors \sd descriptions \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 90.576.3-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ixwap \a ixwàp \a ixwáp \ps v \ge burn \ge scald \de to burn; to scald \sy sixut \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔalixwapwaš \pde to burn.NZ.PST; to scald.NZ.PST \cf sixwap \ce to burn up \cf šixwapš \ce to brand \xv 1. tsixwapit šiʔišaw \xe 'I got sunburnt' (lit., the sun burned me). \xv 2. hukixwap hesikʔəł \xe 'I am going to scald/burn my feet.' \xv 3. xwetét ʔan musixwàp \xe 'Frog did not burn up.' \xv 4. tsisuyatikumus lokašukupinaʔaš kinela siyixwap \xe 'it comes near the light and at last gets burnt.' \xv 5. no ʔan kixwap hesikpu \xe 'I burn my hand.' \xv 6. ʔalixwapwaš \xe 'someone/something that has been burned' (cannot be said of inanimate things). \sd verbs \sd common \sd senses \sd body \sd health \lg JPH \rf 81.120.4; 89.331.4, 334.2; 91.689.3; Travles87 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ixwatata \ps v \ge tremble \ge vibrate \ge shiver \de to tremble; to vibrate; to shiver \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ixwatatan ‘to shiver,’ INZ ixwatatan ‘to shiver; to tremble’ (Whistler 1980: 12; SYBCI 2007: 162) \xv 1. tsxoyoyo tštitapʰwu sipawapàw kaypi kiskowokowonlì ʔisxoyoyo ka ʔisixwatatà loʔisxoyòyò loʔkamakàł \xe 'it flies persuing flies, therefore it flies from side to side and the bat’s flight is tremulous.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd motion \lg TJPH \rf 71.709.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ixweteqpeyus \ps v \ge imitate \de to imitate \mr [] \cf ʔixweteqpeyeš \ce imitation \cf pey \ce to smear; to tar; to spread on \cf teqpey \ce to adhere; to stick to \xv 1. kixweteqpeyus ʔisʔamamə ka tomoł loʔkasaliwotoqloʔop \xe 'I imitate the form of a canoe (in working the keel, which is bottom up.' \xv 2. yəlaʔa loʔkaʔalinetpi katomoł ʔan kayułʔamʔixweteqpeyus \xe 'all the form of a tomoł they imitate (follow) it.' \sd tomol \lg TJPH \rf Tomol74, 106 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ixyapapa \ps v \ge foam \ge froth \de to froth; to foam \cf sixyapapa \ce to make froth; to make foam \xv 1. tsixyapapa \xe 'it froths.' \xv 2. tsiyapapa soʔo \xe 'the water foams.' \xv 3. losiʔikmen ʔan tsixyapapa \xe 'the wave foams.' \xv 4. tsixyapapa heʔisʔəkʰ \xe 'his mouth foams.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd water \sd nature \sd ocean \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 81.25.1, 30.4, 119.3; 90.572.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ixʔos \ps n \ge testicle(s) \de testicle(s) \sy meš \xv 1. sikixʔos \xe 'my testicles.' \xv 2. huktiyaxaxanpi hesinə kuhušuxtišaw hesikixʔos \xe 'I am going to put myself astraddle the fire to heat up my testicles.' \sd anatomy \rf Misc notes NAA-03; 88.18.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx iy- \a i- \a iʔy- \va (i-1) \ps pre \ge PL \de plural number prefix \ee Glossed as PL. \cf kikə \ce first person plural; we three or more; us three or more \cf pikə \ce second person plural pronoun; you three or more \xv 1. tsiyastipił \xe 'they three plus are thick.' \xv 2. tsisastipił \xe 'they two are thick.' \xv 3. tsisuskuyus \xe 'they showed him.' \xv 4.tsiyamli \xe 'they go down hill.' \xv 5. tsixoyoxoyo \xe 'they are flying every which way.' \xv 6. tšiyunexmeš \xe 'they are already losing hope.' \xv 7. tšiyikumeqteleletš \xe 'they go in file one behind the other.' \xv 8. tšiyuškikašpi sipon̓ \xe 'they scratch themselves with a stick.' \xv 9. kʰan ʔišiyulišwu soʔonyoko \xe 'when they catch sharks.' \xv 10. tšiyʔuwš sinawa siyułtʔuł \xe 'they sting people when they are angry.' \xv 11. kisitiyepus loʔkašiwopowaš \xe 'they told their grandfather.' \xv 12. mušiyušʰolit hałlahukiliklikʔe \xe 'they don’t let you sit down in peace.' \xv 13. ʔapi nitšiyutʔuxš hałtšaqšanutš sikawauy \xe 'to see if they can smell the dead horse.' \xv 14. tšiyalušluškʔəy kika sixołxonowo, kikasiwonwon \xe 'they writhe, jump, and groan' (said of fishes). \xv 15. hesikawkawiyaʔa ʔan tsiyimey heʔisiyəwyəwəʔəš ʔisewu \xe 'the kawiya stroke their heads with grease.' \xv 16. nelusiyeqe lokasiyenhes hašiwašwašətš kanawa tšiyaqša heʔišiʔamamə? \xe 'where will the spirits of the good go to when their bodies die?' \xv 17. no ʔan musiyʔuwit hałtštep, payikʔula ʔəhə hałtštep lokaxayanəš ʔan musiyʔuwit \xe 'fleas don’t bite me, no matter how fleay the bed is they don’t bite me.' \xv 18. latšə ʔišiyuliʔiš, šaʔaliyaš, musʔił ʔiʔaloxonišpi, mitʔi ʔiʔaliyaš ʔan latšə ʔisiyutiyəkli \xe 'mules always take the road, they fear nothing, and even if the trail is only a narrow trail they always stick to it.' \xv 19. kaliyuqtiyəʔəʔəw lokasewu, kilokaʔałhaputš musiyuqtiyew, husiyeqweł sixawon husisunuwus \xe 'they needed the tallow, but did not miss the meat much, they made soap of the tallow.' \xv 20. neʔešiyušʰowunwaš lokašiyʔapʰanəšmuʔu, yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu kineʔemusʔił hałku hešaʔapʔapʰanəšmuʔu \xe 'they had left their villages, there were no people.' \xv 21. tsisuwayopuswu lokapałpaliʔi neʔesisuyakitwo kuhusisinay ʔisilanlantšuʔu, kuhusisinayšaʔałhaputš kasikawayu \xe 'they begged permission from the priests that they wanted to leave and establish farms and have cattle and horses.' \xv 22. tsʔił ʔišiyušqaləʔəš pon̓ ʔiqwe kasila ʔisʰapsiwə tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔkasiyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyuqał \xe 'they have their wedges of toyon wood or deerhorn, and they open or split the palo according to their desire using the wedges.' \xv 23. hesitolu ʔan tsʔił tšaʔxliyaš ʔan tsxmen lokašə kika musiyam kəwə tšʰəhətš, tsʔił sikuw̓, ʔan tsiyołkʔoli kika siyuliʔiš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'at El Toro was a road and the bank and they did not go down that place for it was steep. there was liveoak, and they turned out around it and got the road again.' \xv 24. ʔiʔaluštałnaʔał \xe 'they are attending to a sick person.' \xv 25. kanawa siyʔaləhəy \xe 'when they grow up.' \xv 26. ʔamʔałkuyam \xe 'many are on horseback.' \xv 27. ʔiʔałkuyam \xe 'they are on horseback' (similar in meaning to above). \xv 28. tšitows siyʔiyalaqmunetš \xe 'they bite, they are zealous.' \xv 29. tsiyʔipuswu lokaʔiyʔałʔalutʔawš \xe 'they said to the hunters.' \xv 30. musʔił lułʔiyuštʔey lakəkš susiyʔuwlilo \xe 'they have nothing to do but eat all day.' \xv 31. tsalumulit ʔan tsʔipit kʰan pqisənwu hałʔatʔaxtʔaxaʔatš ʔan mupwatinowo ʔapitaq hałʔiyʔałʔipʔipʰpi \xe 'my grandmother counseled me not to suddenly stand by a bunch of men to listen what they are talking about.' \xv 32. loʔkatšumàš ʔan tšiyuštewè šuʔuxpaʔàš, kiloʔkaʔiʔatʔap miluk kałʔisəpuswu ʔisiwəł tsisunuwus ʔišukowowonəʔə̀š \xe 'the Chumash (islanders) used to harpoon the otter, but the mainland Indians taught them to shoot them with arrows.' \xv 33. laʔkʰan suptapinwù ʔan kusiyaqʰwətəypìʔił \xe 'if you put yourself among such people then they will make you do what they intend' (literally, they will shadow you). \xv 34. tsiyaqtuniyəwsuliyʔuw \xe 'they seek their food.' \xv 35. ʔiyakʰtiwəšiyuw ! \xe 'come to visit us at our house!' \xv 36. šiʔišxʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'the two women.' \xv 37. siyʔixʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'the (three plus) women.' \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd nprefixes \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Coyo60 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx -iyuw \a -iyùwʰ \a -iyùwʰ \a -iyuwʰ \ps vsuf \ge 1/2NSG.OBJ \de first/second person non-singular object suffix \ee Glossed as 1/2NSG.OBJ. \xv 1. ksətəliyuw \xe 'I name you all [before a crowd].' \xv 2. tsamtapiyuw \xe 'they come in or enter on us.' \xv 3. tštipatuniyuw \xe 'he butted in on us.' \xv 4. tštaktaktəliyuw \xe 'he is hitting us.' \xv 5. tsamqisəniyuw \xe 'they look at us.' \xv 6. tswatitapiyuw \xe 'she came and entered our house and leaves again after a few minutes and goes on.' \xv 7. tsamweleqeniyuw \xe 'they get out of our way.' \xv 8. asʰunaniyuw kikə \xe 'Thy kingdom come.' \xv 9. tšnukumiyuw lokašwaštiwił \xe 'Thy kingdom come.' \xv 10. neʔemusiyoxonišpiyiyuw \xe 'they are no longer afraid of us.' \xv 11. kayulasʰunaniyuw \xe 'he is the one who is going to command you.' \xv 12. no ʔan kʔaliwəniyuw \xe 'I am the brother or sister of ye.' \xv 13. ʔiyakʰtiwəšiyuw! \xe 'come to visit us at our house!' \xv 14. kihuʔamaktiwəšiyuw \xe 'they are going to come to our house.' \xv 15. no ʔan ksunuskuyiyuw \xe 'I promised you (plural).' \xv 16. kikə ʔan tsyəwiyuw \xe 'we have good luck.' \xv 17. lokaʔałpaxaniyuw \xe 'he who came and danced with ye.' \xv 18. lokasutapinmuniyuw \xe 'where they shut us in.' \xv 19. lošipałtšuyašuqonišpiyiyuw \xe 'your wanting to make fun of us.' \xv 20 . pikə sipiyałšuqonəšpiiyuw \xe 'you all are making fun of us.' \xv 21. hukikikšiyuw hesiwalaxa \xe 'I am going to deal the cards for a game.' \xv 22. nekʔuluknetus kuhukaqwayapiyuw ? \xe 'how am I going to revenge myself on you people?' \xv 23. lošaʔatʔaxatš ʔan hušaqtiqisəniyuw \xe 'that man came to see us.' \xv 24. no ʔan hukuxniyiyuw \xe 'I am going away to leave ye.' \xv 25. kiseqenuswu lokaʔiʔalaxmayiyuw \xe 'our debtors.' \xv 26. tsʰunapayiyuw kikə sikiyʔałtipatskaw \xe 'to save us from sinners.' \xv 27. lošaʔatʔaxatš sałyət hušištowšiyuw \xe 'that man is coming over here to fight us.' \xv 28. hesipałpaliʔi ʔan latšə ʔisisuxuxaniyuw \xe 'these padres are always frightening us.' \xv 29. kipošotš ʔan musʔił tsʔohoy ʔałtakʰšəyəniyuw \xe 'we know that there is no other that is [as] tender towards us.' \xv 30. lokaʔatʔaxatšʔ ʔan tsʰunikʔoyiyuw yəlaʔa lokakiʔałtšʔum \xe 'the man gave all our money back to us.' \xv 31. kaywu ʔan tšišʔipiyuw kiškə huki pšałhinhin \xe 'they told us what you two are doing.' \xv 32. no ʔan ktałtałwaxa kiskum šaʔatʔaxatš ʔan lasʰuyaqpalamayiyuw \xe 'I was working there and there arrived one who tried to act as it he was smarter or more than the rest of us.' \xv 33. kimupušʰouyuw likiyapiyam lokakumeł, kʔuwe sunapayiyuw lokakumeł \xe 'lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.' \xv 34. kiseqeniyuw lokakiyaxmay, kašnehet kikə kiseqequswu lokaʔiʔalaxyiyuw \xe 'forgive us our trespasses aswe forgive those who trespass against us.' \xv 35. lokakiyʔuwmu lokapaliklikšiyuw latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw ʔan ikšiyuw kəpə hešiʔišaw ! \xe 'give us today our daily bread!' \sd vsuffixes \sd suffixes \sd pronominals \sd grammar \lg TJPH \rf Coyo75 \dt 04/Jul/2019 \lx iyux \ps v \ge mix/beat pinole with water \ge pinole with water, mix/beat \de to mix/beat pinole with water \ee Harrington notes that the Chumash did this by putting the dry pinole meal in a dish and adding a little water and mixings with two fingers. \xv 1. kiyux \xe 'I beat up pinole with water [to eat].' \xv 2. hukiyux \xe 'I am going to mix the dry toasted meal (pinole) by adding water.' \xv 3. hukiyuxš \xe 'I am going to beat up pinole with cold water.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH \rf 89.584.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx k- \a kʰ- \a kʔ- \ps pre \ge 1 \de first person prefix \ee This person denotes first person subject when on a verb and it denotes second person possessor when on a noun. Glossed as 1. \xv 1. hukexe \xe 'I am going to eat it all up.' \xv 2. kelew \xe 'I cut meat with a knife' (at table). \xv 3. kʔəwə \xe 'I cut a person with a knife.' \xv 4. kʔałxuxa \xe 'I am afraid.' \xv 5. kʔałʔalał \xe 'I am a plower.' \xv 6. kʔałʔałxo \xe 'I stole it.' \xv 7. hukwəla \xe 'I am going to shoot, don’t you know?' \xv 8. hukʰalala \xe 'I am going to be bushy-haired.' \xv 9. hukʔałhalala \xe 'I am going to be bushy-haired.' \xv 10. tsʔił sikpexša \xe 'I have pus, don’t you know?' \xv 11. hukšoʔowowš \xe 'I am going whiten things.' \xv 12. hukpelonušaʔaš \xe 'I am going to shear.' \xv 13. hukpə soʔo \xe 'I ladle out water.' \xv 14. tskʔot hesikpək \xe 'I broke my shin.' \xv 15. kaqitetetš hesikpu \xe 'I bruise myself on the hand.' \xv 16. kpoʔon hesikpuru \xe 'I hold this cigar in my mouth.' \xv 17. kaʔaləhəy sikišʰin \xe 'he is older than I.' \xv 18. kinela kikʰəʔəł sipon̓ \xe 'at last I go and bring firewood.' \xv 19. ksuyahin ʔištəʔəniwaš \xe 'I would like to have a dog.' \xv 20. ʔulakʰin hałkatu \xe 'I would rather have a cat.' \xv 21. hįhįʔ, lakwašwašətš \xe 'yes, I am well.' \xv 22. no ʔan kʔałʔaleqweł \xe 'I am a carpenter of canoes.' \xv 23. mukahaʔaš sukuškikš \xe 'I cannot reach the place that itches.' \xv 24. no ʔan mukʔałʔalaqšəkʔəni \xe 'I am not ticklish.' \xv 25. munakʰqisənwaš hałʔałnehét hè \xe 'I have never seen the like of this before.' \xv 26. he ʔan katšaqwinpi ʔikeqweł \xe 'this is the last time I am going to do it.' \xv 27. kaštapinə ʔan kpiliy lokayop \xe 'yesterday I got stuck in the tar.' \xv 28. huksukʔuyətus sukeqweł hesilamesa \xe 'I am going to make this table very well.' \xv 29. tsʔił ʔisʔaqsik, kaquntuk hesixanaxan \xe 'I tie it under my chin (said of headdress).' \xv 30. ʔalištaxan, kalaqkumiʔił ʔišwašətš sipenhes \xe 'cheer me up, I am grateful that you have good respiration.' \xv 31. hukʔipapʰa hesikʔəł kihuseqenit hesikʔolotəš \xe 'I am going to slap my leg to remove my numbness.' \xv 32. kwašhu lokaʔatʔaxatš, kwašhu lokaʔatʔaxatš, tsʔił sikʔamiwu \xe 'I mistook the man, I have a friend whom he looks much like.' \xv 33. huksinay ʔisʔaqitsʔum lokaʔatʔaxaqtš, kihusqisə hešaʔaliyaš \xe 'I am going to put a sign so that the man will know the road.' \xv 34. neʔekʰqišənwaš sihaw̓ saʔałtonowš kisitsʔotsʔohoʔoy ʔan tšišušʔutš \xe 'I have seen some foxes with their hair out and others with lots of hair.' \xv 35. kqisə sikalu ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit? lawaliʔiʔin huknawaq hešaʔaliyaš kaypi kimuhuknaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon and therefore will not take you.' \xv 36. kanaw̓a skuʔùm kisaqʰmił loʔkamom̓oy winay kakikə kiwatitšòhò \xe 'when the time came for him to drink the toloache, Winay and we finished.' \xv 37. lokakʰqo \xe 'my dog.' \xv 38. neekwašətš, neekitpeni \xe 'I am well, I have recovered.' \sd pronouns \sd prefixes \sd nprefixes \sd vprefixes \rf 89.280.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ka= \a ka- \a kaʔ- \a ka- \a ka_ \a kaʔ \a ka \va (kaʔ) \hm 1 \ps procl \ge SPO.EPIS \de superordinate clause-combining proclitic \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI ka ‘PREDICATE MARKER’ (Whistler 1980: 43) \ee This prefix is used to set off parts of text, which advance the narrative, from parts of text that provide background information. Glossed as SPO.EPIS. \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \cf ka-3 \ce definite prefix \cf ka-4 \ce non-partitive prefix \cf ka-5 \ce alienable prefix \cf kaʔ \ce coordinating conjunction \cf kasila \ce or; disjuntive conjunction \sd particles \sd proclitics \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \lg TJPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx ka= \a ku= \hm 2 \ps pre \ge REL \de relative clause proclitic \ee This proclitic forms relative clause constructions, and it may form combinations with other affixes such as the nominalizer. \cf ka=1 \ce superordinate clause-combining proclitic \cf ka-3 \ce definite prefix \cf ka-4 \ce non-partitive prefix \cf ka-5 \ce alienable prefix \cf kaʔ \ce coordinating conjunction \cf kahe \ce coordinating conjunction \cf kaki \ce here; yonder; that \cf kakiwali \ce here it is \cf kakiwu \ce those \cf kasiyʔitsʔanmu \ce playground \cf kasułkuw \ce last night \cf kaswalitapinə \ce day before yesterday \cf kaswalułkuw \ce night before last \cf kaštapinə \ce yesterday \cf kawališup \ce last year \cf kawałwališup \ce years past \xv 1. loʔišmištəq kaskuyaʔàm \xe 'he sat down on one side of the smokehole [of the house].' \xv 2. xelèx kaseqweł \xe 'Falcon did it.' \xv 3. xeléx kašʔipùtš \xe 'Falcon ordered it.' \xv 4. kin heʔišup kakałtšuwaqʰmaš \xe 'I rejected god, the world.' \xv 4. tsaqʰwin heʔisqałtsunałmu kasaxwiʔił sałtapi hesoʔo \xe 'only the part below her waist [could] come in' (and no more was put in the water). \xv 5. kiheʔišyəwəš ʔan laʔtšə ʔisku kasaxwiʔił \xe 'and her head was always human up to [that] and no more.' \xv 6. lamunaməʔək lokawot kaʔałnuna kukamoŋa ʔan tšaqtšum lokašʰaʔay̓ \xe 'after a while the captain of Cucamonga took a fancy to the captain’s daughter.' \xv 7. yəlaʔa he kałmušiyaqtšum siyʔiyałnuna kukamoŋa \xe 'all this did not please the inhabitants of Cucamonga.' \xv 8. pakeʔet šikišaqskutałputš kałwašətš hupsunikʔoli \xe 'and they were one in the opinion that it would be well that he send the woman back.' \xv 9. kišušʔałtə lokoʔo kalʔamyikus \xe 'and there received water which they gave her to drink.' \xv 10. pi ʔan mukapeqweł kikalaxsumu \xe 'you have not caused my suffering.' \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \lg TJPH \dt 04/Jul/2019 \lx ka- \hm 3 \ps pre \ge DEF \de definite prefix \ee Usually combined with ͽloʔ- ‘distal demonstrative prefix; that; the’ \cf ka=1 \ce superordinate clause-combining proclitic \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \cf si-4 \ce indefinite prefix \xv 1. lokašnałmu kuʔutʔam \xe 'where the river runs.' \xv 2. kilakəkš lokasitełteleʔeq kakałnunalinwu \xe 'I only took their tails home.' \xv 3. kaqunpakeʔet lokasqʰoqʰo kanunit \xe 'I took a bunch of wild grapes.' \xv 4. kayəlaʔa lokanununašəʔəš kaliyutiyək heʔismaʔam katimew̓ \xe 'and all the animals that were in the rabbit.' \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 04/Jul/2019 \lx ka- \a k- \hm 4 \va (k-) \ps npre \ge NPART \de non-partitive prefix \ee Indicates that the following noun is not conceived of as an integral part of a whole. Glossed as NPART. \cf ka=1 \ce superordinate clause-combining proclitic \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \cf ka-3 \ce definite prefix \cf ka-5 \ce alienable prefix \cf si-2 \ce partitive prefix \cf kaʔ \ce coordinating conjunction \cf kaykaki \ce that which is \sd particles \sd locations \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH \rf 89.291.3-292.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx ka- \hm 5 \ps npre \ge ALN \de alienable prefix \ee Used only with nouns in this sense. Glossed as ALN. \cf ka=1 \ce superordinate clause-combining proclitic \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \cf ka-4 \ce non-partitive prefix \cf si-3 \ce inalienable prefix \sd nprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 04/Jul/2019 \lx ka- \hm 6 \a ke- \a ko- \va (ke-, ko-) \ps vpre \ge INSTR.cutting \ge by cutting \ge cutting, by \de by cutting \ee Glossed as INSTR.cutting. \cf kamaqtu \ce to remove half by cutting in the middle \cf kaqʰał \ce to make flake off \cf kaskasʔułyiʔin \ce to cut long strips of \cf kasukowowo \ce to cut slantwise; to cut at an angle \cf kasuwesmes \ce to cut lengthwise \cf keeqweł \ce to cut \cf kelew \ce to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \cf keleweš \ce slice (of meat); smth (meat) sliced \cf kepʔeł \ce to cut through (smn’s neck) \cf kesʔex \ce to cut in thin slices \cf kesʔexeš \ce thin slice; smth thinly sliced \cf keseqe \ce to cut smth off; to cut out \cf ketšʔeq \ce to split down the middle by cutting \cf kewewek \ce to cut something flat and thin \cf kewey \ce to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \cf keweyeš \ce I. notch II. to be notched \cf konoqš \ce to cut (as with a knife) \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kaʔ \a ka- \a ka \va (ka, ka-, kaʔ-) \ps conj \ge COOR.CONJ \de coordinating conjunction \ee Glossed as COOR.CONJ. \cf ka=1 \ce superordinate clause-combining proclitic \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \cf ka-3 \ce definite prefix \cf kaʔaškom̓ \ce ten \cf kahe \ce coordinating conjunction \xv 1. no kaʔ pi \xe 'I and you.' \xv 2. wasmayə̀ kihukiton̓us winay kaʔloʔkamomoy \xe 'tonight we will accompany Winay and the toloache.' \xv 3. winay kakikə kiwatitšòhò \xe 'Winay and we finished.' \xv 4. hukikšił yəlaʔa supaluqtiyəw ʔałtšum kasixʔanxʔanwaʔa \xe 'I am going to give you everything you want: money [and] women.' \xv 5. yontsʰe ʔan tsʔił ʔislantšu ʔan əhə ʔisʰinʔałhaputš kasikawkawayu satikʔoy kasʔił ʔislantšu, ʔəhəsikuhkuʔu saʔalililikʔenwaš salitiwtiwəšwaš yontsʰe \xe 'Yontsʰe (Luis Francisco) had a ranch and lots of live stock at Saticoy and lotsof Indians lived there with him.' \xv 6. kʰwəł sima kasitimew \xe 'I killed a jackrabbit and a cottontail rabbit.' \xv 7. lokaʔo ʔan tseqeqweł ʔisxʔomoho, tsnunałwuʔu siqas kasixəpxəʔəp, tsaputiseqe siqas \xe 'the water makes a hollow or hole, it carries away the sand and rocks, it removes the sand.' \sd particles \sd proclitics \sd clitics \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kaʔaʔan \ps vimp \ge certain way/manner, be a \de to be a certain way/manner \xv 1. lokastsʔiyam ; nełkaʔaʔan lokaswiyam ? \xe 'the steep downhill' ; 'how is the decent?' \xv 2. nełkaʔaʔan hałpkawayu ? \xe 'what is the nature of the horse?' \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.671.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kaʔaš \ph ˈkɑˀɑʃ \ps v \ge pool, be a \ge pooled up, be \de to be a pool; to be pooled up \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkaʔaš \pde to be pooled up (said of water).NZ \cf ʔałkaʔaš \ce pool; lagoon; pond \cf aputikaʔaš \ce to be flooded with the ocean current \cf kašmu \ce puddle \cf kiłkaʔaš \ce tide pool \cf qiłkaʔaš \ce to be pooled up \cf qiłkašutš \ce half-dried puddle \xv 1. tskaʔaš soʔo \xe 'the water is in a puddle or pool, considerable water.' \xv 2. ʔiškaʔaš soʔo heʔišołšolop \xe 'some water is hemmed up in that muddy puddle.' \xv 3. tsqiłkaʔaš \xe 'it is a half-dried puddle' (where horse got stuck). \xv 4. ʔałkaʔàš \xe 'pool; puddle.' \sd water \sd verbs \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.215.1, 89.671.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kaʔaškom̓ \a kaʔaškòm \ps num \ge ten \de ten \ee The literal translation of this appears to be “and two [more].” \mr [] \cf ʔiškom̓ \ce two \cf kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \ce fourteen \xv 1. lokaʔeqʔeqweleš ʔimiserikordia ʔan kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \xe 'the acts of mercy are fourteen.' \xv 2. masəx tskaʔaškom kasałtskúmu \xe 'thirty-four.' \xv 3. kaʔaškpm tškaʔaškom \xe 'one hundred.' \sd numbers \lg TJPH; JPH \rf WeirC4; 88.625.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \ps num \ge fourteen \de fourteen \ee This number word derives from the Spanish base 10 counting system and is literally translated as ‘ten and four.’ This differs from the native Ventureño number word ͽʔiškom̓ ͽlaliet ‘two more until [sixteen].’ \cf ʔiškom̓ \ce two \cf kaʔaškom̓ \ce ten \cf tskumu \ce four \xv 1. lokaʔeqʔeqweleš ʔimiserikordia ʔan kaʔaškom̓ kasałtskumu \xe 'the works of mercy are fourteen.' \sd number \sd Spanish \lg TJPH \rf 89.503.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kahe \ps conj \ge CONJ.COOR \de coordinating conjunction \ee Glossed as CONJ.COOR. \mr [] \cf heʔ \ce proximal demonstrative; this \cf kaʔ \ce coordinating conjunction \xv 1. kaʔaškom̓ šiʔišaw tsuwʔuwliloʔo kahe tsaqaqmiʔił soʔoxšoləš latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw \xe 'for ten days she kept feasting and drinking urine every day.' \xv 2. neʔešqaqš kahe neʔemusʔił hałtšʔišmekʔew̓ \xe 'she was already bald and she no longer had any eyebrows.' \xv 3. neʔesxawawaʔa kahe tšquntšutuqš \xe 'she was already lean and wrinkled.' \sd conjunctions \sd particles \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.673.1-2; 92.413.2; Glutton82, 87 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx kakakaka \ps onom \ee Sound made by the female quail. \xv 1. tsʔip kakakaka. lokaʔəqəy ʔan tšaxšəšwu lokaštałtałhəw \xe 'she [the hen] says, “ͽkakakaka.” the hen calls her chicks.' \sd onomatopoeia \sd birds \sd animals \lg TJPH \rf 71.450.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaki \ps pro \ge DEM.PRO \ge here \ge yonder \ge that \de here; yonder; that \ee Glossed as DEM.PRO.SG. \mr [] \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \cf kakiwali \ce here it is \cf kakiwu \ce those \xv 1. kaki \xe 'here it is.' \xv 2. kaki sixʔanwa \xe 'yonder is the woman.' \xv 3. kasamnetus kaki \xe 'that is the way to do it.' \xv 4. kakišaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'that man.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.680.3-681.1; 92.420.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kakiwali \ps prcl \ge here it is \de here it is \ee This is said when one hands one thing to someone else. \mr [] \sy kʰe \sy kʰewali \cf kaki \ce here; yonder; that \cf walin \ce to do (all) at once \sd exclamations \sd particles \sd phrases \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.681.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kakiwu \ps pro \ge those \ge DEM.PRO.NSG \de those \ee Glossed as DEM.PRO.NSG. \mr [] \cf kaki \ce here; yonder; that \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.420.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kakqunupmawa \ps n \ge Christmas holiday \de Christmas holiday \cf kaqunupmawa \ce god \cf qunup \ce child; young boy/girl \sd Christianity \sd religion \sd Spanish \lg JPH \rf 69.852 \dt 06/Aug/2018 \lx kal- \a kaʔal- \a kaʔał- \a kał- \va (kaʔal-, kaʔał-, kał-) \hm 1 \ps prefo \ge DEM=NZ- \de relativizing pre-form \ee This is a collocation of the demonstrative proclitic ͽka= and the nominalizer ͽʔal . Glossed as DEM=NZ . \sd prefixes \sd proclitics \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kalawasa \ps n \ge gourd \ge pumpkin \de gourd; pumpkin \gn calabaza \dn calabaza \mr [] \xv 1. hukxayanuswu sikʰinkalawasa, kihukušikʔomwu \xe 'I am going to make a cover for keeping my gourds in.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd food \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.682.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kaldo \ps n \ge soup \de soup \mr [] \xv 1. hukšuniwəš hesikaldo ʔisanorya kasikolis \xe 'I am going to add carrots to the soup and cabbage.' \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH \rf (89.200.2) \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kalesa \ps n \ge buggy \de buggy \mr [] \xv 1. kqisə sikalesa ʔan ʔiti kaseqentiʔiy, hukalitkʔəy ʔiti, ʔalahušnunaliʔit, nipsuyanunaliʔit ? lawaliʔiʔin huknawax hešaʔaliyaš, kaypi kimuhuknunaliʔił \xe 'I see a buggy coming, I am going to wait for it, maybe he will take me in, won’t you take me along? I am going to leave the road soon, and therefore will not take you.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.682.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaleta \ps n \ge wagon \ge cart \de wagon; cart \mr [] \xv 1. ʔəhə šeʔeqenwaš sikaleta hemaliyaš \xe 'there are a lot of wagonruts in this road.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.682.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -kalin- \ps vroot \ge equal to, be \ge invariant from, be \de to be equal to; to be invariant from \cf sukaliʔin \ce to make even; to measure so that two things are even (length) \sd vroots \sd roots \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kałtapina \cf kaštapinə \ce yesterday \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kamaqtu \a qamaqtu \va (qamaqtu) \ps v \ge remove half by cutting in the middle \de to remove half by cutting in the middle \mr [] \cf maqtu \ce to be halved \xv 1. kʰkamaqtu \xe 'I cut it in two in the middle and make two pieces out of it.' \xv 2. hukʰkamaqtu \xe 'I remove one half of butt end of.' \xv 3. kinoqš sipon̓ lasułkumlaʔa loʔkašʔułyinaʔaš kaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš ka tomoł kʰin loʔkakušqał kiksununa šikušqał loʔkapon̓ kakʰqamaqtu loʔkapon̓ ki kʰin pakeʔet kikaxipe \xe 'I cut a log of desired length for the keel of the canoe and I take my wedge and begin to split it and I split it in half and I take one piece and work it.' \sd verbs \sd archery \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.683.3-4; 92.669.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kamisa \ps n \ge shirt \de shirt \gn camisa \dn camisa \mr [] \cf kamišanitš \ce to put on a shirt; to wear a shirt \xv 1. tsakałhahá hesikʰkamisa muštiméšeš \xe 'my shirt is open, gaping' (it is not closed). \xv 2. kʰkuwiłpi hesikʰkamisa \xe 'my shirt fits me well.' \xv 3. timešit hesikʰkamisa ! \xe 'button up my shirt for me!' \xv 4. huktimes hesikʰkamisa \xe 'I am going to button my shirt.' \xv 5. hukseqe hesikʰkamisa \xe 'I am going to take my shirt off.' \sd clothes \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.684.2-685.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kamišanitš \ps v \ge put on a shirt \ge wear a shirt \de to put on a shirt; to wear a shirt \mr [] \cf kamisa \ce shirt \xv 1. hukʰkamišanitš \xe 'I'm going to put my shirt on.' \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.685.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kampintelu \ps n \ge carpenter \de carpenter \mr [] \sy ʔałalaxipetš \sd people \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.685.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kamu(kaka) \ps excl \ge what is that? \de what is that? \ee This is Xom̓ (Castaic) dialect. The full form ͽkamukaka was used along with the shortened form ͽkamu. \sd exclamations \sd particles \sd dialects \sd phrases \lg JPH \rf 89.685.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kan \ps v \ge fall in a fit \ge seize \de to fall in a fit; to seize \ee Harrington notes that people are strong when thus in a fit. There is also discussion of a man attacking people when the moon is old, although it is unclear if this activity is related to this verb. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkan \pde to fall in a fit.NZ; to seize.NZ \xv 1. tskan \xe 'he falls backwards in a fit.' \xv 2. kʰkan \xe 'I fall in a fit.' \xv 3. tškan šaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man falls in a fit.' \xv 4. ʔałkan lošaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'the man is having a fit.' \xv 5. tsixyapapa heʔisʔəkʰ \xe 'his mouth foams.' \sd body \sd health \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 81.119.3; 89.686.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kanaʔaʔay \a kanaaày \a kanaʔay \a kanaʔay̓ \va (kanaʔay, kanaʔay̓) \ps n \ge first \de first \gn primero \dn primero \mr [] \cf kanaʔay \ce first time \xv 1. lokakanaʔaʔay \xe 'the first.' \xv 2. sikanaʔaʔay ʔan tsamqisənwu ʔisikitwo \xe 'at first they see (the lice) come out.' \xv 3. lakʰan tšnehet lokakanaʔaʔay \xe 'like the first one,' 'the same as the first one.' \xv 4. xaʔax šikšaqšinaʔał sikaxipe loʔkaštaxtaxšətšaʔaš ka loʔka_kanaʔaʔay ka ʔaxʔaxipeneʔeš \xe 'I take great care in working the keel and the first boards.' \sd numbers \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.686.4-687.1; Tomol3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kanaʔay \a kanay \va (kanay-) \ps prcl \ge first time \de first time \gn primer vez, la \dn la primer vez \cf kanaʔaʔay \ce first \xv 1. kakanaʔay ʔistayitš \xe 'this is her first menstruation.' \xv 2. kanayusaxtapət ʔiti šaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'it is the first time that he trod on the ground of this earth.' \sd numbers \sd particles \lg JPH \rf 89.688.1; 92.430.2-431.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaneʔeʔe \ps vprcl \ge near, be \de to be near \sy axikəhə \xv 1. laʔiti kasinałnaʔał sałkaneʔeʔe hesimuwu \xe 'they stay right here on the coast.' \xv 2. lo ʔan tsʔił saʔaliyaš saʔałkəyəmi, kałkaneʔeʔe \xe 'there is a path that is straight, it is shorter' (lit., 'nearer' ; said of a shortcut). \xv 3. maría antonia kanaštəʔəʔə tsilikʔe kasisilya neʔešišʰatiwənitš sisilyu ka maría antonia kimitsqanaqan kašišiliklikʔe, lakaneʔeʔe kasʔap maría antonia ka sisilya \xe 'María Antonia and Cecilio are still living, they are yet married and live at Ventura near together.' \sd vparticles \sd verbs \sd locations \sd vparticle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.688.2-689.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kapʰe \ps n \ge coffee \de coffee \mr [] \xv 1. hesiletši ʔan tsʰeqenus lokaštšʔənəʔəš kakapʰe \xe 'the milk kills the strength of the coffee.' \xv 2. kšutšohonəšpi sukaqmił sikapʰe latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw \xe 'I am accustomed to drinking coffee all the time.' \xv 3. ʔan mukšuyušʰo hesikapʰe kəwə neʔekšutšohonəšpi \xe 'I do not want to leave off drinking coffee for I am already accustomed to it.' \sd food \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH \rf 89.691.1; 91.50.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaqanupmawa \cf kaqunupmawa \ce god \sd variations \dt 11/Mar/2012 \lx kaqunupmawa \a kaqunupmawà \a kaqunupʰmawà \a kaqunupʰmawà \a kaqunupʰmawa \va (kaqunupʰmawa) \ps n \ge god \de god \sd chronometry \sd religion \sd mythology \lg JPH \rf 69.852 \dt 21/Oct/2018 \lx kaqʰał \ps v \ge flake off, make \ge make flake off \de to make flake off \mr [] \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \xv 1. kʰkaqʰał \xe 'I make it flake off' (like wallpaper from the wall using a knife). \sd verbs \sd archery \sd hunting \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.681.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kasila \ps conj \ge or \ge disjuntive conjunction \de or; disjuntive conjunction \ee Glossed as CONJ.DISJ. \xv 1. huktaktə sipułhewu kasila kotši \xe 'I am going to kill a sheep or a swine.' \xv 2. lokałtskumu kasila masəx ʔan pakeʔet ʔisipat \xe 'there are only 3 or 4 in a nest.' \xv 3. tsikumli mitsqanaqan̓ kasila payikʔula nehałlusininuna (Ϟor nełtsininuna) lokatok \xe 'they arrived at Ventura or wherever they went to fetch it.' \xv 4. tsʔił ʔišiyušqaləʔəš pon̓ iqwe kasila ʔisʰapsiwə tšiyušqʰał loʔkawima sałʔalinetpi loʔka_siyaqniyəwus sisunuwus loʔkašiyuqał \xe 'they have their wedges of toyon wood or deerhorn, and they open or split the palo according to their desire using the wedges.' \sd particles \lg JPH \rf 89.692.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kasiyʔitsʔanmu \ps n \ge playground \de playground \ee Literally, ’where they play.’ \mr [] \cf itsʔaw \ce to play with \sd gaming \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 92.64.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kaskasʔułyiʔin \ps v \ge cut long strips of \de to cut long strips of \ee No non reduplicated form given. \mr [] \cf ʔułyi \ce to be long; to be tall \xv 1. tsamkełkelew ʔan tsikaskasʔułyiʔin \xe 'they are cutting long strips [of whale].' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.692.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kasukowowo \ps v \ge cut slantwise \ge cut at an angle \de to cut slantwise; to cut at an angle \mr [] \cf kowowo \ce to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \xv 1. hukʰkasukowowo \xe 'I cut [a stick] across slantingly.' \sd verbs \sd food \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.692.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kasułkuw \ps n \ge last night \de last night \mr [] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.693.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kasuwesmes \ps v \ge cut lengthwise \de to cut lengthwise \mr [] \cf mes \ce to traverse; to travel across \cf suwesmes \ce to make traverse; to put across \cf wesmes \ce to be traversed \xv 1. kʰkasuwesmes \xe 'I cut it straight across [lengthwise].' \sd verbs \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.693.2 \dt 08/Sep/2018 \lx kaswalitapinə \ps n \ge day before yesterday \de day before yesterday \gn ante ayer \dn ante ayer \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. kaswalitapinə ʔan kqisənwaš \xe 'I noticed day before yesterday.' \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.693.3; 92.438.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kaswalułkuw \ps n \ge night before last \de night before last \gn antenoche \dn antenoche \mr [] \cf ułkuw \ce to be night(time) \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.694.2-3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kašmu \ps n \ge puddle \de puddle \gn charco \dn charco \mr [] \cf kaʔaš \ce to be a pool; to be pooled up \xv 1. lokaškašmu koʔo \xe 'puddle of water.' \sd water \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.694.4; 92.439.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kaštapinə \a kałtapina \va (kałtapina) \ps n \ge yesterday \de yesterday \gn ayer \dn ayer \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kštapin ‘yesterday,’ INZ kaštapin ‘yesterday’ (Whistler 1980: 88; Applegate 1972: 412) \mr [] \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. kaštapinə ʔan kʰtapuš lošaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'yesterday I entered that man’s room.' \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.695.2-4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx katolika \ps n \ge smth Catholic \ge Catholic, smth \de smth Catholic \mr [] \xv 1. kšuwašətš loka espiritu santo, lokasantaʔilesya katolika, lokasikomunyon kasansantuʔu \xe 'I believe inthe Holy Spirit, the Holy Catholic Church, and the communion of saints.' \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg TJPH \rf 90.507.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx katu \ps n \ge cat \ge housecat \de cat; housecat \mr [] \xv 1. ʔulakʰin hałkatu \xe 'I would rather have a cat.' \xv 2. ksiwałtapi lokakatu \xe 'I threw the cat into the room from outdoors.' \xv 3. ksiwałkitwo lokakatu \xe 'I threw the cat outdoors.' \xv 4. tsaniwon lokakatù \xe 'the cat makes a little groan.' \xv 5. tsuwamoxloł loʔkakatù \xe 'the cat purrs.' \xv 6. lokakatu ʔan soxkonono \xe 'the cat is purring.' \xv 7. hukšuštiqʔulił hesikatu \xe 'I am going to hold this cat out toward you to make her scratch you.' \xv 8. hukapšək hesikatu hešimeš \xe 'I am going to put the cat into this sack.' \xv 9. kałwašəʔəʔətš ʔišišʰin lokakatu \xe 'it is better than a cat.' \xv 10. hesikatu ʔan tšulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'the cat catches rats.' \xv 11. sikatu ʔan hušulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'a cat will catch the rats.' \xv 12. kʰəł sikatu tswesxeʔe lomotʔo \xe 'I shot a cat, the arrow passed through the cat and came out the other side.' \xv 13. lokakatu ʔan tšuliʔiš səʔəqəy ʔan tsʰupex kikanawa sʰukitwonwu lokaštałtałhəʔəw kikanawa siyʔaləhəy kikasiyiwon, ʔan tsiyʔip kikirimiyaaw \xe 'the cat got a chicken and made her pregnant and when she gave birth to her young ones and they grew up and sang they sang kikirimiyaaw.' \sd animals \sd mammals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.932.1-933.1, 946.1-950.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx katšukutšuk \ps n \ge place by Canala Larga \de place by Canala Larga \sd places \lg JPH \dt 26/Jun/2011 \lx katšup \ps n \ge Montaloo Hills \de Montaloo Hills \sd places \lg JPH \rf 91.19.1-29.4 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx kaw \cf kaw̓ \ce I. left (direction) II. to be left (direction) \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kawališup \ps n \ge last year \de last year \mr [] \cf kawałwališup \ce years past \cf šup1 \ce smth expansive; smth large; year; Heaven \sd chronometry \lg JPH \rf 89.697.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kawałwališup \ps n \ge years past \de years past \gn años pasados \dn años pasados \mr [] \cf kawališup \ce last year \cf šup1 \ce smth expansive; smth large; year; Heaven \sd chronometry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.698.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kawayu \rd kawkawayuʔu \ps n \ge horse \de horse \mr [] \cf ʔakawayu \ce to go on horseback \cf naʔakawayu \ce to do on horseback \xv 1. lokaʔkawayu ʔan tsehehè \xe 'the horse whinnies.' \xv 2. tštoy ʔi kawayu \xe 'horse hoof.' \xv 3. hukʰsutipey loʔkakawayù loʔkakaletà ištokoy \xe 'I am going to hitch the horse onto the wagon.' \sd animals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd mammals \sd husbandry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.812.2-819.2; 89.697.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kawəy \ps v \ge cut tule \de to cut tule \cf kawəyəš \ce common tule; bulrush; California bulrush \cf tup \ce common three-square tule \xv 1. latšʔilitš ʔisikawəy \xe 'sometimes they cut tule.' \xv 2. hukʰkawəy sikawəyəš \xe 'I am going to cut tule.' \sd verbs \sd basketry \sd plants \lg JPH \rf 89.698.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kawəyəš \sc Scirpus acutus; Scirpus californicus \ps n \ge common tule \ge tule, common \ge bulrush (California) \ge California bulrush \de common tule; bulrush; California bulrush \mr [] \cf kawəy \ce to cut tule \cf tup \ce common three-square tule \sd plants \sd nature \sd culture \sd basketry \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.28; 81.61.2; 89.698.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kawkawayuʔu \ps n \ge horse.REDUP \de horse.REDUP \cf kawayu \ce horse \sd reduplications \dt 09/Feb/2011 \lx kaw̓ \a káw̓ \a kaw \va (kaw) \cf axʔukaw̓ \ce to take with the left hand \cf tałkaw̓ \ce to grasp with the left hand \se I \ps n \ge left (direction) \de left (direction) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkaw̓ \pde to be left (direction).NZ \xv 1. hesikʰkaw̓ \xe 'my left.' \xv 2. siktəq hesikʰkaw̓ \xe 'my left eye.' \se II \ps v \ge left (direction), be \de to be left (direction) \an kuyuw̓ \xv 1. pʔałkaw̓ \xe 'you are left-handed.' \sd verbs \sd directions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.696.3-697.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaxkaxoʔon \a kaxkaxon \va (kaxkaxon-) \ps n \ge box.REDUP \de box.REDUP \cf kaxon \ce box \sd reduplications \dt 26/Jun/2011 \lx kaxkaxon \cf kaxkaxoʔon \ce box.REDUP \sd variations \dt 26/Jun/2011 \lx kaxon \rd kaxkaxoʔon \ps n \ge box \de box \mr [] \xv 1. lokakaxkaxoʔon \xe 'the boxes.' \xv 2. no ʔan kaliyəwəšpi hesikaxon \xe 'I have my head on the box when lying down.' \xv 3. hekakʰkaxkaxonwaʔaš \xe 'these were my boxes.' \xv 4. kilikʔenpi hesikaxon ʔan tštiyam \xe 'I sat down on this box and it sank down a little.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd tools \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.195.2, 679.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kay \a káy \ps pro \ge 3 \ge this one \ge this \ge third person (singular) pronoun \de third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \ee This word is demonstrative in origin and fills the 3rd person singular part of the pronoun paradigm. It is also used as a predicator, no doubt related to the use of ͽka=2. Glossed as 3. \cf kaye \ce this which is \cf kaykaki \ce that which is \cf kaylo \ce that which is (there) \cf kaypi \ce therefore \cf kayunwaš \ce third person non-singular past tense pronoun; those which were \cf kaywali \ce and subsequently \cf kaywaš \ce that which was \cf kaywu \ce third person non-singular pronoun; they; them \xv kay ka wot \xe 'he is chief.' \xv 1. kay hesikawayu \xe 'this horse.' \xv 2. mukay lokašliyək \xe 'not in the middle' ; 'it is not in the middle.' \xv 3. kay no \xe 'I am.' \xv 4. kay ʔan tšaqša \xe 'the dead one.' \xv 5. mukay lokašliyək \xe 'not in the middle.' \xv 6. kay hušwatinoqš (Ϟor kay huswatitšoho) \xe 'it will stop (raining).' \xv 7. mukayiti kaʔałnuna \xe 'it is not a native of here.' \xv 8. kay ʔan tšašulapit sukišʔuwlilo \xe 'he invited me to eat.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH \rf 81.18.4; 89.673.4-674.4; 92.414.2; 94.207.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaya- \cf kayu- \ce immediate future prefix \sd variations \dt 16/Mar/2012 \lx kayayi \cf kay̓ay̓i \ce to take toloache \sd variations \dt 26/Jun/2011 \lx kayay̓i \cf kay̓ay̓i \ce to take toloache \sd variations \dt 26/Jun/2011 \lx kaye \ps pro \ge this which is \de this which is \mr [] \cf heʔ \ce proximal demonstrative; this \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \cf kaykaki \ce that which is \cf kaylo \ce that which is (there) \xv 1. kayekaksumlelu \xe 'this is my sombrero.' \xv 2. kayekaskawayu kay \xe 'this is his horse.' \xv 3. kaye kałwašətš ʔiʔaxiyeʔep heʔisałsapariya \xe 'this sarsparrilla is good medicine.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.675.2-676.2 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kayi \ps n \ge street \de street \mr [] \xv 1. tšnaʔał hesikayi \xe 'he goes out on the streets.' \xv 2. no ʔan kałtə sixʔanwa losikayi \xe 'I met the woman on the street.' \sd places \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.676.4-677.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaykaki \ps pro \ge that which is \de that which is \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \xv 1. kaykaki lokasʰumlelu \xe 'it is my sombrero.' \xv 2. kaykaki lokakʰkawayu \xe 'it is my horse.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \rf 89.677.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kaylo \ps pro \ge that which is (there) \de that which is (there) \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \cf kaye \ce this which is \cf loʔ \ce distal demonstrative; that; there \xv 1. kaylo kapya pi \xe 'this is your arrow.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.677.4; 92.417.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx kaypi \rd kaypiʔiʔi \ps prcl \ge therefore \de therefore \gn para que \dn para que \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \xv 1. kaypi kuskuwiłpi \xe 'therefore it suits me' (said of ͽsiwin adorning headdress). \xv 2. kseqe ʔan kaypi̇ʔi̇ʔi kušiʔik kałwašətš sukqisəʔə lokaʔałalaxiyepš \xe 'I pulled it out, for this reason it ached all the more, it seemed well for me to go to see the doctor.' \sd particles \sd demonstratives \sd pronouns \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.198, 203, 397.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaypiʔiʔi \ps prcl \ge therefore.REDUP \de therefore.REDUP \cf kaypi \ce therefore \sd reduplications \dt 09/Mar/2011 \lx kayu- \a kaya- \va (kaya-) \ps vpre \ge IMD \de immediate future prefix \ee Glossed as IMM. \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \xv 1. kayukwe \xe 'I am going to sleep without right where I am.' \xv 2. kayukweʔeł \xe 'I am going in there to sleep' or 'I am going into the other room to go to sleep.' \xv 3. neʔeksuyáwè \xe 'I am now sleepy.' \xv 4. kayuknali (Ϟor huknali, Ϟor knali) \xe 'I am going home.' \xv 5. ksuyanali \xe 'I want to go home.' \xv 6. kayusaxsəw \xe 'now the flower is about to dry' (it is withering). \xv 7. kayukwaštapitš \xe 'I am going to put on my bracelet.' \xv 8. kayusxoyòyò \xe 'the bird is going to fly.' \xv 9. kayusaqutiple \xe 'he is about to die' (said of a dying man). \xv 10. neʔekayukaqša \xe 'I am going to die soon.' \xv 11. kayusisunapay \xe 'they are about to take the boat that just landed up on the beach.' \xv 12. kayulasʰunaniyuw \xe 'he is the one who is going to command you.' \xv 13. ʔiti kayuksuwakʔay \xe 'I am going to set it down on this.' \xv 14. no kayukaleqweł \xe 'I am going to make it, can make it.' \xv 15. kayiti kayukyami \xe 'here is where I want to get out.' \xv 16. kayušnaʔał saʔawhay̓ \xe 'the moon is going to come out.' \xv 17. kayuskitwo hesikenhes \xe 'my soul will soon leave my body.' \xv 18. no ʔan kayukaluniyəʔəw \xe 'I am going to search for it.' \xv 19. neʔekayusaxsəw heʔišolop \xe 'this mud is drying.' \xv 20. neʔekayusaxsəw heʔišolop, neʔeštšeqtšeq \xe 'this mud is drying, it is cracking in every direction.' \xv 21. kayusiyoxmoʔoł sipakpakəwaš \xe 'the old men are right now going to the sweathouse.' \xv 22. kayusʰuwheliʔiy lawaliʔiʔin \xe 'in a short while my cow is going to give birth again.' \xv 23. neʔekayusaquwałmay \xe 'it is about to be under shadow.' \xv 24. kayušʰatiwənitš hekaxʔanwa \xe 'this woman is going to marry.' \xv 25. kəpə ʔan kayuksaxsəw hekakʰinwaka \xe 'I am going to dry off my cow.' \xv 26. neʔekayuskumli lokamaxatʔaməš \xe 'he has already arrived today from San Miguel.' \xv 27. kayukseqenus suskutet \xe 'I am not going to wean the baby.' \xv 28. lo ʔi šup kayu lišpuwenił \xe 'God will pay you it.' \xv 29. kayusitiqiʔip seʔemetšeš \xe 'the soldiers went to war.' \xv 30. kayhušnikʔoyi šiʔišaw \xe 'the sun is already coming back.' \xv 31. maliya ʔan kayukšatiwəš \xe 'María will be my wife.' \xv 32. hukʰketšʔeq kaʔiti kayusaxwiʔił \xe 'I am going to split it, as far as here only' (pointing). \xv 33. kayukninuna mitsqanaqan̓ \xe 'I am going to get it in Ventura.' \xv 34. neʔekayusmeqxeʔe lokaswałkənkənəʔət \xe 'the rope that is wrapped around the post to hold the cow is just about to slip all out to the very end and the cow will go loose.' \xv 35. kayukʔuwliloʔo lositsʔohoy siyʔap \xe 'I am going to eat at the other house.' \xv 36. kayukninuna lokakaxon mitsqanaqan̓ \xe 'I am going to get the box at Ventura.' \xv 37. no kayukałtšupexšwu yəlaʔa hesipanpantaloʔon \xe 'I am going to mend all these pants.' \xv 38. neʔekayuskumli lokayusyət kanunašəš \xe 'the time is approaching for the devil to come.' \xv 39. kikə kakiyalatskaw kəpə hesikayukiyaqša \xe 'sinners now and in the hour of our death.' \xv 40. no kayukałwalinaʔał, kʰoko ʔan husuleqpeyit \xe 'I am going first, and my father after me.' \xv 41. tsʔipus, "lokaʔatʔaxatš pi kayupalʔuw" \xe 'she told the man, "you eat it." ' \xv 42. neesʰuxmen kayasapusi (Ϟor kayusapusi) nikʔoy \xe 'the wave breaks and then draws back.' \xv 43. lokaxʔanwa kayułtšatiwənitš ʔan kʰqisə kaštapinə \xe 'the woman who is going to be married, I saw yesterday.' \xv 44. neʔesʔəhə ʔišup sikilikʔe ʔitiʔišup, kʔuwe kayukaqša \xe 'I have lived many years in the world but now I am going to die.' \xv 45. huktaktəwu hesikʔəqəy pakpakeʔet kilakayukšušexenwu \xe 'I am going to kill of my chickens one by one until I get rid of them.' \sd tense \sd chronometry \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \lg TJPH \rf Daughter52; Glutton60 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx kayunwaš \ps pro \ge third person non-singular past tense pronoun \ge those which were \de third person non-singular past tense pronoun; those which were \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \cf kaywaš \ce that which was \cf kaywu \ce third person non-singular pronoun; they; them \xv 1. kayunwaš lokakʰkaxkaxoʔon \xe 'those are the remains of my boxes.' \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.679.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kaywali \rd kaywaliʔiʔi \ps vimp \ge and subsequently \de and subsequently \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \cf walin \ce to do (all) at once \xv 1. kaywali kaki \xe 'and now, it is (so).' \xv 2. kʰan sukaluškʔəy ʔan kaywaliʔiʔi tšnapiyətus \xe 'if I move the cramp is worse.' \sd vimpersonals \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.678.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kaywaliʔiʔi \ps vimp \ge and subsequently.REDUP \de and subsequently.REDUP \ee Translates similar to 'and immediately as a result of' \cf kaywali \ce and subsequently \sd reduplications \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx kaywaš \ps pro \ge 3S.PST \ge that which was \de that which was \ee Glossed as 3S.PST \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \cf kayunwaš \ce third person non-singular past tense pronoun; those which were \xv 1. kaywaš lokakišmoxloł \xe 'that was their old phlegm.' \xv 2. kayunwaš lokakʰkaxkaxoʔon \xe 'those are the remains of my boxes.' \xv 3. hekakʰkaxkaxonwaʔaš he \xe 'these were my boxes' (but now are not mine). \sd pronouns \sd demonstratives \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.679.1 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx kaywu \a kaywù \ps pro \ge 3NSG \ge third person non-singular pronoun \ge they \ge them \de third person non-singular pronoun; they; them \ee Glossed as 3NSG. \mr [] \cf kay \ce third person (singular) pronoun; this one; this \cf kayunwaš \ce third person non-singular past tense pronoun; those which were \xv 1. kaywu kapkawkawayuʔu \xe 'they are your horses.' \sd demonstratives \sd pronouns \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.679.3-4; 94.209 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kay̓ay̓i \a kayay̓i \a kayayi \va (kayayi, kay̓ay̓i) \ps v \ge take toloache \de to take toloache \ee This verb indicates that toloache (datura) is ingested. \cf ʔałkay̓ay̓i \ce hypnotized one; one who is under the influence of toloache \xv 1. hukʰkayayi \xe 'I am going to take datura (toloache).' \xv 2. ʔałkayayi \xe 'he has drunk the toloache.' \xv 3. tskayayi \xe 'he has drunk it.' \xv 4. hukaqmił simomoy \xe 'I am going to take toloache.' \xv 5. wašnaxyət ʔan huskayay̓i winay \xe 'tomorrow Winay is going to drink toloache.' \sd verbs \sd health \sd religion \sd mythology \lg JPH \rf 89.675.1; 92.415.1; Coyo66 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ke- \ps vpre \de by cutting \ee Glossed as INSTR.cutting. \cf ka-6 \ce by cutting \cf keeqweł \ce to cut \cf kelew \ce to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \cf keleweš \ce slice (of meat); smth (meat) sliced \cf kepʔeł \ce to cut through (smn’s neck) \cf kesʔex \ce to cut in thin slices \cf kesʔexeš \ce thin slice; smth thinly sliced \cf keseqe \ce to cut smth off; to cut out \cf ketšʔeq \ce to split down the middle by cutting \cf kewey \ce to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \cf keweyeš \ce I. notch II. to be notched \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx keʔep \rd kepkeʔep \ps v \ge clean, be \ge bathe oneself \ge clean oneself \de to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \et *kepʔ \ec Compare BOI kepʼ ‘to bathe,’ INZ kepʼ ‘to bathe,’ and OBI tʸeʼ ⁓ ʼeʼ ‘to bathe’ (Klar 1977: 16-17) \cf ʔałkeʔep \ce bather \cf keʔepleł \ce to bathe \cf kepmu \ce bathing pool; bathtub \cf sukeʔep \ce to bathe smn/smth; to make clean; to baptize \cf šukepeš \ce Christian (baptized); smn baptized \cf unikepleł \ce to bathe in the morning \xv 1. hukʰkeʔep \xe 'I am going to take a bath.' \xv 2. tsʰkeʔep \xe 'he bathed.' \xv 3. tsitaqyəwus lokaskoko kilatšə ʔiskeʔep ʔišnaxšnaxyəʔət \xe 'obedient to her father she went to bathe every morning.' \xv 4. tsʔip, “ ʔaskúkù ʔałʔałkepkeʔep hekakʰkepmu ?” kiwə munašištiyepušwaš hałtskumi lokaxʔanwa \xe 'he said, “who is bathing in my pool?” for they had not told him of the arrival of the woman.' \xv 5. kəpə hesinapwašətš, latšə ʔišnaxšnaxyəʔət ʔan hupeqweł kuhupkeʔep, hupkepleł lokaskepmu kapʔaliwə kuhupwašətš \xe 'you are now convalescing, the thing for you to do will be for you to bathe every morning, you will bathe in the bathing-pool of your brother in order to make yourself well.' \sd common \sd routine \sd verbs \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.699.4-701.2; 91.34.4 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx keʔepleł \rd kepleʔeʔeł \a kepleʔeł \a kepleł \va (kepleʔeł, kepleł) \ps v \ge bathe \de to bathe \ee Harrington translates this as ‘to bathe (intransitive)’ \cf keʔep \ce to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \cf unikepleł \ce to bathe in the morning \xv 1. hukʰkeʔepleł suʔutʔam \xe 'I am going to bathe in the river.' \xv 2. kikaskepleʔeł, kʔuwe suninaxyəʔəʔət \xe 'and she went to bathe very early every morning.' \xv 3. lamunamitʔi kikasqisqisə lokasʔaliwə latšə šiʔišʔišaʔaw ʔan tšušyoxotš lokaskepmu sinawa skepleł \xe 'soon her brother kept noticing every day when he went to bathe that the water of his bathing-pool was riled.' \xv 4. kəpə hesinapwašətš, latšə ʔišnaxšnaxyəʔət ʔan hupeqweł kuhupkeʔep, hupkepleł lokaskepmu kapʔaliwə kuhupwašətš \xe 'you are now convalescing, the thing for you to do will be for you to bathe every morning, you will bathe in the bathing-pool of your brother in order to make yourself well.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd routine \sd water \lg JPH \rf 89.701.3-704.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx keʔey \ps v \ge hook \de to hook \cf apuškeʔey \ce to be hooked \cf šapuškeʔey \ce to hook smth onto; to seize smth with a hook \xv 1. kʰkeʔey \xe 'I hook it with a hook.' \xv 2. kʰkeʔey lokaspu kapon̓, kʰkeʔeypi hesipon̓ \xe 'I hooked the limb of the tree, I hooked it with another stick.' \sd verbs \sd fish \lg JPH \rf 89.698.4-699.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx keepmu \cf kepmu \ce bathing pool; bathtub \sd variations \dt 27/Jun/2011 \lx keeqweł \ps v \ge cut \de to cut \mr [] \cf eqweł \ce to make; to do \xv 1. kʰkeeqweł \xe 'I cut it.' \xv 2. kʰkeeqweł saʔaxwi huksutipey lokaʔutinay \xe 'I am cutting buckskin to put on the cradle.' \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.699.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kek \ps v \ge emerge \de to emerge \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kek ‘to grow (of plants),’ CRZ -kʼehek- ‘to grow,’ INZ kek ‘to come up (through a surface); to sprout (of plants)’ (Whistler 1980: 23; Beeler & Klar 1977: 16; SYBCI 2007: 174) \ee This is not said of plants sprouting. \xv 1. hukutoqop ki lo məʔək kayukʰkek \xe 'I am going to dive under the water, and a way over there I am going to emerge.' \xv 2. lokaskek lokanutria \xe 'the otter has emerged over there.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʰqisə si penew ʔitsupapʰ lokaštałhəw, tsuwesmes heʔišni, šnutoqʔop loʔkašʰtete kapenew kikaskek kasakʰtenhesi kaloʔkatštałhəw ʔan tsakʰtenhesi \xe 'I saw a seal/sealion put her young one on her back, she put it across her nape, the mother seal/sealion dove and she emerges and blows and the young one blows.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd directions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.901.2; 89.701.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kelew \rd kelewlew \ps v \ge cut (meat) \ge slice (meat) \de to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \mr [] \cf keleweš \ce slice (of meat); smth (meat) sliced \cf kesʔex \ce to cut in thin slices \cf lew \ce to break away in increments \xv 1. hukʰkelewlew \xe 'I cut the chicken up.' \xv 2. hukʰkelew hesipan \xe 'I am going to cut this bread.' \sd verbs \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.702.1-4; 94.72, 349.2 \dt 08/Sep/2018 \lx keleweš \rd kelewleweš \ps n \ge slice (of meat) \ge smth (meat) sliced \de slice (of meat); smth (meat) sliced \mr [] \cf kelew \ce to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \cf lew \ce to break away in increments \xv 1. ikš losipan sikeleweš \xe 'give me some of that sliced bread.' \xv 2. pakeʔet sikeleweš \xe 'one slice.' \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.703.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kelewlew \ps v \ge cut (meat).REDUP \ge slice (meat).REDUP \de to cut (meat).REDUP; to slice (meat).REDUP \cf kelew \ce to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kelewleweš \ps n \ge slice (of meat).REDUP \ge smth (meat) sliced.REDUP \de slice (of meat).REDUP; smth (meat) sliced.REDUP \cf keleweš \ce slice (of meat); smth (meat) sliced \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kepeye \ps n \ge coastal wood fern \ge wood fern, coastal \ge fern, coastal wood \ge goldback fern \ge fern, goldback \ge California polypody \ge polypody, California \de coastal wood fern; goldback fern; California polypody \gn palmilla \dn palmilla \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (78). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.78.1; 89.703.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kepkeʔep \ps v \ge clean, be.REDUP \ge bathe oneself.REDUP \ge clean oneself.REDUP \de to be clean.REDUP; to bathe oneself.REDUP; to clean oneself.REDUP \cf keʔep \ce to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kepleʔeʔeł \ps v \ge bathe.REDUP \de to bathe.REDUP \cf keʔepleł \ce to bathe \sd reduplications \dt 15/Nov/2010 \lx kepleʔeł \cf keʔepleł \ce to bathe \sd variations \dt 27/Jun/2011 \lx kepleł \cf keʔepleł \ce to bathe \sd variations \dt 27/Jun/2011 \lx kepmu \a keepmu \va (keepmu) \ps n \ge bathing pool \ge bathtub \de bathing pool; bathtub \mr [] \cf keʔep \ce to be clean; to bathe oneself; to clean oneself \xv 1. hupkepleł lokaskepmu kapʔaliwə \xe 'you will bathe in the bathing pool of your brother.' \sd water \sd household \sd tools \sd places \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.699.2;94.395.1; Glutton150 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kepʔeł \ps v \ge cut through (smn’s neck) \de to cut through (smn’s neck) \mr [] \xv 1. kʰkepʔeł heʔišni \xe 'I cut through his neck with a knife.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.705.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kesʔex \ps v \ge cut in thin slices \de to cut in thin slices \ee Harrington notes that this verb was used of meat in preparation for drying it in the sun. This indicates a cut about 0.5 in. (1.27 cm) thick. \mr [] \cf esʔex \ce to make thin strips of fish for salting \cf kelew \ce to cut (meat), to slice (meat) \cf kesʔexeš \ce thin slice; smth thinly sliced \xv 1. hukʰkesʔex \xe 'I am going to thinnly slice [the meat].' \sd food \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.706.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kesʔexeš \ps n \ge slice, thin \ge smth thinly sliced \ge sliced, smth thinly \de thin slice; smth thinly sliced \mr [] \ee This form should have undergone sibilant harmony to become ͽkešʔexeš but has not in these examples. \cf esʔex \ce to make thin strips of fish for salting \cf kesʔex \ce to cut in thin slices \sd food \sd fish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.706.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx keseqe \a keseʔqe \a keseqen \va (keseʔqe, keseqen-) \ps v \ge cut smth off \ge cut out \de to cut smth off; to cut out \ee This is also said of cutting off whole butt end of feather. \mr [] \cf eqe \ce to be in/come into existence; to be born \cf seqe \ce to remove; to take off \xv 1. kʰkeseqe \xe 'I cut it out.' \xv 2. hukʰkeseqen(w)us yəlaʔa \xe 'I cut it all off.' \xv 3. kikakʰkeseqenuswu ʔisiyəwyəwəʔəš \xe 'I cut off their heads.' \xv 4. laʔkʰan ʔisʔił ʔišluʔyət loʔkaʔaxipeneš, laʔkʰan ʔisalaqwaʔay suʔamsukitwo ʔiškom̓ ʔan tšikoʔnoqš tsamkeseʔqe loʔkašluʔyət \xe 'if the board has a knot, and if they can get two boards out of it, they cut it, removing the knot.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.705.2; 94.349.1; Tomol6 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ketšʔeq \ps v \ge split down the middle by cutting \de to split down the middle by cutting \mr [] \cf tšʔeq \ce I. crack II. to crack; to split \xv 1. kʰketšʔeq \xe 'I split it down the middle [with my knife].' \xv 2. hukʰketšʔeq kaʔiti kayusaxwiʔił \xe 'I split it as far as here (pointing) only.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.706.3-707.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kewewek \ps v \ge cut smth flat and thin \de to cut something flat and thin \ee Harrington notes that this cannot be said of cutting meat. \mr [] \cf wewek \ce to have a tear; to be torn \xv 1. hukʰkewewek \xe 'I am going to cut paper or cloth.' \sd verbs \sd shape \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.708.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kewey \rd keweywey \ps v \ge notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \de to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \mr [] \cf keweyeš \ce I. notch II. to be notched \cf wey \ce I. notch; buttcrack; groove II. to break through (as is said of a river); to be fluted; to be notched; to wane (said of the moon) \xv 1. no ʔan kʰkewey \xe 'I cut a notch in a stick' (or box, pencil, etc.). \xv 2. kʰkeweywey \xe 'I make a lot of notches.' \xv 3. hukʰkéwéy hesikya \xe 'I am going to make a notch in the butt end of this my arrow.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukʰkewey hesipon̓ \xe 'I am going to cut a notch in this stick.' \sd archery \lg JPH \rf 89.707.2-708.1; 94.348.4 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx keweyeš \mr [] \cf kewey \ce to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \cf wey \ce I. notch; buttcrack; groove II. to break through (as is said of a river); to be fluted; to be notched; to wane (said of the moon) \se I \ps n \ge notch \de notch \xv 1. pakeʔet ʔikeweyeš \xe 'one notch.' \se II \ps v \ge notched, be \de to be notched \xv 1. hesipon̓ ʔan tškeweyeš \xe 'this stick is notched.' \sd archery \sd verbs \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.708.1-2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx keweywey \ps v \ge notch (said of the end of an arrow tip).REDUP \de to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip).REDUP \cf kewey \ce to notch (said of the end of an arrow tip) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -kə- \a -ki- \va (-ki-) \ps root \ge PRO.FORM \ge pronominal formative \de pronominal formative \ee This pronoun forms with person and number marking any number of pronouns. Glossed as PRO.FORM. \cf kaki \ce here; yonder; that \cf kakiwali \ce here it is \cf kakiwu \ce those \cf kikə \ce first person plural; we three or more; us three or more \cf kinakəkš \ce to die involving one; to die alone \cf kiškə \ce first person dual ; we two; us two \cf pikə \ce second person plural pronoun; you three or more \cf piškə \ce second person dual pronoun; you two \sd pronouns \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəkəkš \ps v \ge alone, be \de to be alone \mr [] \cf kəkš \ce to be one’s own; to be alone \cf kəkʰkək \ce to be alone \xv 1. laškəkəkš (Ϟor tškəkəkš) \xe 'only that,' 'it is only,' 'that/it is alone.' \xv 2. lakʰkəkəkš \xe 'I am alone.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH \rf 89.714.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kəkš \ph kǝkʰʃ \a kəkʰš \a kə́kš \a kəks \va (kəks-) \ps adj \ge one’s own, be \ge alone, be \de to be one’s own; to be alone \mr [] \cf aqkəkš \ce to eat only a single kind of food, straight and unmixed with other things; to eat only one kind of food at a meal \cf kəkəkš \ce to be alone \cf kəkʰkək \ce to be alone \cf kinakəkš \ce to die involving one; to die alone \cf nəkəkš \ce to do oneself \xv 1. lakəkš no \xe 'only me.' \xv 2. lakəkš pi \xe 'only you.' \xv 3. lakəkš kikə \xe 'only us.' \xv 4. laškəkəkš (Ϟor tškəkəkš) \xe 'only that' (or 'it is only that' or 'it is alone'). \xv 5. lakʰkəkəkš \xe 'I am alone.' \xv 6. nokš kʰin \xe 'it is mine.' \xv 7. pikš pʰin \xe 'it is yours.' \xv 8. kəkstsʰin \xe 'it is his.' \xv 9. kəkstsʔax \xe 'it is his bow.' \xv 10. hesaʔax ʔan kəkstsʰin \xe 'this bow is his.' \xv 11. laškəkʰkəkš, musʔił lulasəwus \xe 'he lived alone; he had no one to speak with.' \xv 12. laʔikəkš tšipošʰotš \xe 'that was all they knew.' \xv 13. kapikəkš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'you are going alone on this road.' \xv 14. kaqʰkəkš \xe 'I eat a thing straight or unmixed with other things.' \xv 15. kilakəkš ʔisułkuw kałkitwo \xe 'it comes out at night only.' \xv 16. kikəkš kikoko, lokałʔił ʔalałpay \xe 'our Father in Heaven.' \xv 17. yəlaʔa lokaʔatʔaxtʔaxatš, ʔan husinaʔał (Ϟor husitiqip) losalamtowtowšpi lakəkš no kalmuhuknaʔał, kəwə kušiʔik pakeʔet sikʔułya \xe 'all the men are going to war, I alone am not going, because I have a sore finger.' \xv 18. kišušmaxyə̀t ʔan laʔkə́kš loʔkašpahawàš kałsukitwò \xe 'and pulled it out only the skeleton-of-animal-whole and complete which was sticking out.' \sd verbs \sd vadjectivals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.713.2-715.1, 720.4; Daughter52; Travels31 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx kəkʰkək \a kəkkəkš \ps v \ge alone, be \de to be alone \mr [<(kə (ϡpro.formϡ) + -k ()).ϡredupϡ>] \cf kəkəkš \ce to be alone \cf kəkš \ce to be one’s own; to be alone \xv 1. kaškəkʰkəkš \xe 'she was all alone.' \xv 2. laškəkʰkəkš, musʔił lulasəwus \xe 'he lived alone, he had no one with whom to speak.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.712.3-713.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kənəʔət \rd kənkənəʔət \a kənəʔət \a kənəʔə̀t \a kənət- \va (kənət-) \ps v \ge go around \ge put around \de to go around; to put around \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkənəʔət \pde to go around.NZ; to put around.NZ \pdl v \pdv kənətli \pde to go around.DIR; to put around.DIR \pdl v \pdv kənətstiʔiy \pde to go around.CIS; to put around.CIS \cf ʔałkənəʔət \ce runner (in a type of game) \cf kənətli \ce to go around outside in a circular direction \cf kənətstiʔiy \ce to come around to \cf qałkənəʔət \ce to gather around; to surround (voluntarily) \cf səkənəʔət \ce to cause to wrap around \cf suqałkənəʔət \ce to place in a circle \cf tałkənəʔət \ce to wrap one's arms around (so the hands touch) \xv 1. kʰkənəʔət \xe 'I put it around [my waist].' \xv 2. kʰkənəʔət \xe 'I go around in a circle.' \xv 3. tskənkənəʔət \xe 'he goes around' (three times). \xv 4. tskənətli \xe 'it runs around [the table or waist there].' \xv 5. kʰkənətli \xe 'I go around outside of a circle.' \xv 6. tskənətstiʔiy \xe 'he comes around to where I am.' \xv 7. kʰkənətli lokapʔap \xe 'I went around your house.' \xv 8. tskənətli ʔispax sitʔaya \xe 'it is ringed around with abalone.' \xv 9. kiskənəʔə̀t heʔalałpay loʔkałʔilikʔenpi loʔkaʔałšəpə̀š \xe 'he did turns about the sitting-down Coyote.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.715.2-717.2; Travels12 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kənətli \ps v \ge go around outside in a circular direction \de to go around outside in a circular direction \mr [] \cf ałpu \ce to go around inside of \cf ałpunli \ce to skirt around the corner of \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \xv 1. kʰkənətli lokapʔap \xe 'I went around your house.' \sd motion \sd verbs \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.242.3-243.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kənətstiʔiy \ps v \ge come around to \de to come around to \mr [] \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \xv 1. tskənətstiʔiy \xe 'he comes around to where I am.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.717.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kənkənəʔət \ps v \ge go around.REDUP \ge put around.REDUP \de to go around.REDUP; to put around.REDUP \cf kənəʔət \ce to go around; to put around \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəpə \rd kəpəʔəʔə \a kəpə̀ \ps prcl \ge now \ge today \de now; today \cf kəpəʔəʔə \ce right now \xv 1. kəpə hesuʔułkuw \xe 'tonight.' \xv 2. kəpə hešiyʔišaw \xe 'this day.' \xv 3. kay kəpə hešaʔałkuʔum \xe 'right at this season of the year is the time for the birds to come,' \rf 90.55.4 \xv 4. kəpə ʔan kaskuʔum kištum \xe 'the time for laying eggs has arrived.' \xv 5. kəpə ʔan tšišawi \xe 'now it is summer time.' \xv 6. kəpə heʔišup \xe 'this year.' \xv 7. kikəpə ʔan hukʰkəyəmi \xe 'and now I straighten up, stand, or get up straight.' \sd chronometry \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.717.4-718.1; 91.306.2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kəpəʔəʔə \ps prcl \ge right now \de right now \gn ahorita \dn ahorita \mr [] \cf kəpə \ce now; today \sd chronometry \sd particles \lg JHP; TJPH \rf 89.718.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx kəw \rd kəwkəʔəw \ps n \ge chest \ge pectorals \de chest; pectorals \et *kVwV \ec Compare BOI kɨw ‘chest,’ CRZ kɨw ‘chest,’ OBI tʸɨwɨ ‘chest’ (Klar 1977: 75) \xv 1. sikʰkəw \xe 'my chest.' \xv 2. kušiʔik hešikʰkəw \xe 'I have pain in my chest.' \xv 3. hukitʔomomo loʔiskəw \xe 'I am going to hit him with my fist in his chest.' \sd anatomy \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.719.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəwə \a kiwə \va (kiwə) \ps conj \ge because \de because \xv 1. ts’ip, “ ’askúkù ’ał’ałkepke’ep hekakʰkepmu?” kiwə munašištiyepušwaš hałtskumi lokax’anwa \xe 'he said, “who is bathing in my pool?” for they had not told him of the arrival of the woman.' \xv 2. kikasʔip, "no ʔan kʔałkilamu, kəwə šwalaməš hesiksəpmu, mukpošʰotš nisʰuyuwahanit” \xe 'when she said, “I am crazy, for this load is heavy, I do not know that this little one cares for me so much”.' \xv 3. ʔan tšnuxiliwəłtš kəwə musʔił hałtsʔaxwi \xe 'she felt ashamed because she was naked.' \xv 4. kiskʔilitapi kəwə tsʰuyaməʔə, kikasməʔə \xe 'she rushed into the water wishing to drown herself, and she was drowned.' \xv 5. payikula qnowoqnowo, kiwə loʔkašluyət ʔan husaxsəw kihuswoqo loʔkatomoł \xe 'it is good that they seek boards without knots even though they are short, for the knot will dry and the canoe will leak.' \xv 6. kipaqmił kiwə nayikoxšòł \xe 'and drink water, for I have pissed.' \xv 7. pikš ppošótš kiwə pmatʔunuʔùw loʔkapwopowàš loʔkałʔamtənus \xe 'only you might know, for you are heir to your grandfather who is now called old fish.' \sd conjunctions \xv 8. kihušwašətš supilikʔe kəwə kaswanaʔał ʔisamilikʔe \xe 'so it will be well [for you] for it is the custom.' \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Glutton100-102, 177-178, 192-193; Tomol22-24; Travels118-119, 127-128 \dt 21/Jun/2019 \lx kəwəkəw \ps n \ge horsetail \de horsetail \gn cañutillo \dn cañutillo \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (80 82). \sd plants \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.62.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəwkəʔəw \ps n \ge chest.REDUP \ge pectorals.REDUP \de chest.REDUP; pectorals.REDUP \cf kəw \ce chest; pectorals \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəw̓ə \ps v \ge dry up \de to dry up \cf šapəškəwə \ce to bail out (water from) \cf šapəškəwənəʔəš \ce bailing instrument \xv 1. kihuskəw̓ə yəlaʔa heʔsoʔo \xe 'so that all the waters will dry up.' \sd verbs \sd water \lg TJPH \rf Travels37 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəyəmi \ps v \ge straight, be \de to be straight \cf ʔaqkəyəminaʔaš \ce arrow straightener \cf ʔaqkəyəmi \ce to straighten (arrow) in fire \cf aqtkəyəmi \ce to straighten arrows \cf sapikəyəmi \ce to straighten with fire \cf səkəyəmi \ce to straighten; to put in a row \cf sukəyəmi \ce to hold an arrow against the right-hand side of bow when shooting \cf šałkəyəmi \ce to straighten (arrow) with hot stone \cf šałkəyəm̓i \ce heated stone for straightening arrows \xv 1. tskəyəmi \xe 'it is straight' (said of a line, etc.). \xv 2. kʔuwe kʰan ʔismaqutinaʔał ʔan tskowowonli muskəyəmi \xe 'when it runs it goes sidewise, does not go straight ahead.' \xv 3. wašətš hekakya tskəyəmi \xe 'my arrow is good and straight.' \xv 4. kikəpə ʔan hukʰkəyəmi \xe 'and now I straighten up.' \xv 5. huknowo, hukʰkəyəmi \xe 'I have to get up and straighten out.' \xv 6. saʔałkəyəmi \xe 'something straight.' \xv 7. sipon̓ saʔałkəyəmi \xe 'a straight stick.' \xv 8. inoqšit losipon̓ saʔałkəyəmi! \xe 'cut through that straight tree for me!' \xv 9. kʰqisə ʔapi niskəyəmi \xe 'I sight along arrow to see if it is straight.' \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd verbs \sd shape \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.709.1-711.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kəyəw \rd kəykəyəw \ps v \ge beg \ge ask for \ge cause \de to beg; to ask for; to cause \xv 1. kikaskəyəw soʔo \xe 'and she begged for water.' \xv 2. tskəykəyəwus lokaʔatʔaxatš ki lahušušumiš \xe 'it was causing the man misery.' \sd verbs \sd body \lg JPH \rf 89.711.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kəykəyəw \ps v \ge beg.REDUP \ge ask for.REDUP \ge cause.REDUP \de to beg.REDUP; to ask for.REDUP; to cause.REDUP \cf kəyəw \ce to beg; to ask for; to cause \sd reduplications \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ki= \a ki \va (ki) \ps procl \ge SBO.OVLP \de subordinating proclitic \ee This prefix indicates that the following clause is subordinate to the main clause. This procilitic generally indicates that the clause to which it attaches provides background information that does not move the discourse forward. It is also used to indicate a sequence of events which overlap. May also have topicalizing functions. Glossed as SBO.OVLP. \xv 1. ki pi, muhupiwišitu ? kišʰiʔin siʔixpanəš \xe 'and you, do you not want to go with me? we two will go acorning.' \xv 2. kikašnəw kisaxinaʔał \xe 'he sings and then he dances' (for you begin to sing before you begin to dance). \xv 3. kasaxinaʔàł kikašnəw \xe 'and he dances and he sings' (might use this expression since he is dancing quietly for prey). \xv 4. kihuki pałqisə ? \xe what are you looking at?' \xv 5. kihuki ʔałnaqša ? \xe 'of what did he die?' \sd proclitics \sd prefixes \sd discourse \lg TJPH \rf 89.22, 203-205, 218.1; 92.463.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx -ki- \cf -kə- \ce pronominal formative \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kihu- \cf ku-1 \ce positive purpose prefix \sd variations \dt 23/Jul/2018 \lx -kik- \ps vroot \ge rake \de rake \cf ʔuskikaʔaš \ce scratching instrument \cf axkik \ce to gnaw \cf tikikš \ce to comb one’s hair \cf uškik \ce to scratch (oneself) \cf uškikutš \ce to be scratched \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \dt 28/Dec/2018 \lx kika= \a kika- \ps procl \ge SBO.SUCC \de subordinating proclitic \ee Used to indicate a sequence of events which do not overlap (completely). Glossed as SBO.SUCC. \sd proclitics \sd prefixes \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kikə \ps pro \ge 1PL \ge first person plural (subject) \ge we three or more \ge us three or more \de first person plural; we three or more; us three or more \ee Glossed as 1PL. \mr [] \cf kiškə \ce first person dual ; we two; us two \xv 1. kanaw̓a skuʔùm kisaqʰmił loʔkamom̓oy winay kakikə kiwatitšòhò \xe 'when the time came for him to drink the toloache, Winay and we finished.' \sd pronouns \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Coyo95 \dt 19/Aug/2019 \lx kil- \a kił- \va (kił-) \ps pre \ge SBO.NZ \ee A combination of the subordinate proclitic ͽki= and the nominalizer ͽʔal . Glossed as SBO.NZ. \xv 1. knunaʔał soʔoxoy kiłtsaya ʔan mə \xe 'I took the small gathering basket (ͽʔoxoy) but the large gathering basket (ͽtsaya) I left behind.' \xv 2. loʔkaʔołołkʔoy ʔan tsʰwotołkʔoy heʔišup husqisə hukiłtsaqutikatʰ, laʔkʰan simusʔił tsaqutikatʰ ʔan tskumì lokašnunawùtš \xe 'the porpoise goes around the world to see what will hinder it, and when there is no obstacle or nothing the matter it comes back to where it started from.' \sd prefixes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.721.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kilamu \a kilamù \ps v \ge crazy, be \ge insane, be \de to be crazy; to be insane \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kilamu ‘to be crazy; to be stupid,’ INZ kilamu ‘to be stupid; to be crazy’ (Whistler 1980: 13; SYBCI 2007: 177) \cf sukilamu \ce to make insane \xv 1. pkilamu \xe 'you are crazy.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰkilamu \xe 'I am insane.' \xv 2. tskilamu lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'that man is crazy.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʔałkilamu, kəwə šwalaməš hesiksəpmu mukpošʰotš \xe 'I am crazy, for my burden is heavy and I don’t know if he loves me.' \sd emotions \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd cognition \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 89.721.4-722.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kilik \ps n \ge hawk species \de hawk species \ee Described as nesting in cliffs or caves and not in trees, and described as being the smallest of hawk species. \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.178; 71.481.2-483.1; 81.208.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kiłkaʔaš \rd kiłkiłkaʔaš \ps n \ge tide pool \de tide pool \cf kaʔaš \ce to be a pool; to be pooled up \xv 1. lokaškiłkiłkaʔaš \xe 'the tide pools.' \sd ocean \sd water \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 89.722.3 \dt 15/Jun/2018 \lx kiłkiłkaʔaš \ps n \ge tide pool.REDUP \de tide pool.REDUP \cf kiłkaʔaš \ce tide pool \sd reduplications \dt 28/Jun/2011 \lx kimiʔi \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kimiyiʔi \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kimiyiʔiy \a kimiʔi \a kimiyìi \a kimiyii \a kimiyiʔì \a kimiyiʔì \a kimiyiʔi \a kimiyiyʔi \a kimiyiʔì \rd kimkimiyiʔi \va (kimiʔi, kimiyiʔi, kimiyii, kimiyiyʔi) \ps v \ge return to \ge go back to \ge do again \de to return to; to go back to; to do again \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kimi(y) ‘to do again,’ INZ kimi ‘to repeat; to resume; to do again’ (Whistler 1980: 13; SYBCI 2007: 178) \cf aximasəx \ce to do/happen thrice \cf axitu \ce to do/happen again \xv 1. hukʰkimkimiyìi \xe 'I am going to repeat an act again and again.' \xv 2. tsikimkimiyiʔi ʔisiyipus \xe 'they kept saying to her.' \xv 3. tskimiyiʔi ʔišuliʔiš lokaštałhəw \xe 'she again picked up her child.' \xv 4. tskimiʔiy ʔišapiwelexš \xe 'he dodged again.' \xv 5. kasamkimiyiʔiywa \xe 'and they do it again.' \xv 6. hukʰkimiyiʔiy \xe 'I am going to do it again.' \xv 7. tsalinuxitʔisi ʔisalinowo, kikawaskimiyiʔiy ʔisʰuyoʔoš ʔan tsyətini lokaxaʔax kaʔatʔaxatš, kištitap \xe 'he stood sad (?) and wated a hen again and the big rooster came and chased him away.' \xv 8. muhukʰkimiyiyʔi \xe 'I will not do it again' (said when one is sorry he has done something). \sd verbs \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.723.1-724.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kimiyii \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kimiyiyʔi \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kimkimiyi \cf kimkimiyiʔi \ce to return to.REDUP; to go back to.REDUP; to do again.REDUP \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kimkimiyiʔi \a kimkimiyìʔi \a kimkimiyi \ps n \ge return to.REDUP \ge go back to.REDUP \ge do again.REDUP \de to return to.REDUP; to go back to.REDUP; to do again.REDUP \cf kimiyiʔiy \ce to return to; to go back to; to do again \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kin \ps prcl \ge furthermore \ge even \de even; furthermore \ee Harrington's speaker never used ͽkin, but, rather, ͽkinupan. However, ͽkin does appear in narratives. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kim ‘CONJUNCTION’ (Whistler 1980: 40) \xv 1. muštšúm kin \xe 'I can tolerate it no longer.' \xv 2. muku kin ʔałtšunuqš \xe 'he is not Indian, furthermore, he is Spanish.' \xv 3. kiwə lokaʔałšəpəšiwaš kayuseqʰweł loʔkaʔašəpəšiwaš ʔan mukałtšuwaqʰmas kin heʔišup ka kałtšuwaqʰmas \xe 'because Coyote is going to make me not despise him, but I rejected god, I reject the world.' \xv 4. musiyiweq kin lasiyitata \xe 'they do not pound it up in the mortar, but they never grind it in the mortar' (lit., they always never grind it). \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.725.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kina- \ps vpre \ge by death \ge death, by \ge INSTR.death \de by death \ee Glossed as INSTR.death. \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kina- in kinanikʼoy ‘to come back to life; to revive (intransitive),’ INZ kina- ‘death or unconsciousness’ (Whistler 1980: 13; SYBCI 2007: 178) \cf kinakəkš \ce to die involving one; to die alone \cf kinamasəx \ce to die involving three \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf kinatunus \ce to die with smn \cf kinatutš \ce to die involving two \cf kinawił \ce to die smwh \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg TJPH \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kinakəkš \ps v \ge die involving one \ge die alone \de to die involving one; to die alone \mr [] \cf kəkš \ce to be one’s own; to be alone \xv 1. tšaqša tskinakəkš \xe 'he dies alone.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.726.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kinakukaypi \ps v \ge lean against \de to lean against \cf sukinakukay \ce to lean smth against \xv 1. tskinakukaypiyił \xe 'he leaned against you.' \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH \rf 89.726.2; 90.596.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kinamasəx \ps v \ge die involving three \de to die involving three \mr [] \cf masəx \ce three \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd health \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.726.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kinanikʔoyi \ps v \ge resurrect from the dead \de to resurrect from the dead \ee Harrington notes that this was an important word said of Coyote. \mr [] \cf ixmay \ce to cause to faint \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \xv 1. kʰkinasikʔoyi \xe 'I died and was dead for several hours and came to myself again.' \xv 2. tskinanikʔoyi \xe 'he resurrects.' \sd verbs \sd religion \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.726.4-727.1; 94.349.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kinatunus \ps v \ge die with smn \de to die with smn \mr [] \xv 1. huskinatunus lokaštete \xe 'she shall die along with her mother.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.727.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kinatutš \ps v \ge die involving two \de to die involving two \mr [] \xv 1. tšišaqša tšiškinatutš \xe 'two die.' \sd verbs \sd numbers \sd health \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.727.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kinawił \ps v \ge die smwh \de to die smwh \mr [] \cf kinawiłmu \ce place where people die \xv 1. nełtskinawił \xe 'where did he die.' \xv 2. tsuniyəw suskinawił \xe 'I am going to see where he will die.' \xv 3. neʔešuštəł šuškinawił \xe 'he has found the place where he is going to die.' \xv 4. lokakʔaliwə ʔan tskinawiłpi lokaskoko \xe 'my brother died at the house of his father.' \sd verbs \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.727.4-728.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kinawiłmu \ps n \ge place where people die \de place where people die \mr [] \cf kinawił \ce to die smwh \sd places \sd lifecycle \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.728.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kinomnomoy \ps v \ge turn around.REDUP \de to turn around.REDUP \cf kinomoy \ce to turn around \sd reduplications \dt 17/Mar/2011 \lx kinomoy \rd kinomnomoy \ps v \ge turn around \de to turn around \cf alikinomnomoy \ce to toss and turn in bed \cf alikinomoy \ce to turn over (as in bed) \cf aputikinomnomoy \ce to go around (said of water) \cf pałkinomoy \ce to turn wrong side out \cf sukinomoy \ce to turn smth over \cf sunikinomoy \ce to turn around; to make turn around \cf suwałkinomnomoy \ce to roll smth around \cf uškinomoy \ce to turn over smth \xv 1. tskinomoy \xe 'he turned around (as on a pivot) standing.' \xv 2. kʰkinomnomoy \xe 'I stand and turn myself round and round as on a pivot.' \xv 3. kʰkinomoy \xe 'I turn whole body around, round about face.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 3.88.19.1; 3.89.342.2, 729.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kiškə \ps pro \ge 1DU \de first person dual ; we two; us two \ee Glossed as 1.DU \mr [] \cf kikə \ce first person plural; we three or more; us three or more \xv 1. kiškə ʔan kisqisə \xe 'we two see.' \sd pronouns \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 94.206.4, 209.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kitkitwo \ps v \ge move out.REDUP \ge go out.REDUP \ge leave.REDUP \de to move out.REDUP; to go out.REDUP; to leave.REDUP \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kitwo \a kitwò \a kitwò \a kitʰwo \rd kitkitwo \rd kitwoʔo \va (kitwon-) \ps v \ge move out \ge go out \ge leave \de to move out; to go out; to leave \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kitwon̓ ‘to emerge; to come out; to go out,’ INZ kitwon ‘to come out; to exit; to emerge,’ PUY kitwopi ‘to spring out from’ (Whistler 1980: 13; SYBCI 2007: 179; Harrington 1986: 3.6.26.1) \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv kitwoniʔiy \pde to move out.REP; to go out.REP; to leave.REP \pdl v \pdv kitwonpi \pde to move out.APL.LOC; to go out.APL.LOC; to leave.APL.LOC \cf apikitwo \ce to embark (in a boat); to leave port; to go out in a boat \cf axukitwo \ce to cast out earth (as the gopher does) \cf kʔilikitwo \ce to get out in a hurry; to get out quickly \cf maxsukitwo \ce to pull out of \cf nukitwo \ce to carry out \cf pilikitwo \ce to move (flow) out of \cf siwałkitwo \ce to throw out \cf sukitwo \ce to make go out; to make move out \cf šušałkitwo \ce to throw 2+ things out of smth \cf tipašukitwo \ce to shove a thing out by unsteady shoves \cf tsiłkitwo \ce spring (of water) \cf walikitwoʔoʔo \ce to leave first \cf wisukitwo \ce to peck out; to wash ashore \cf yułkitwo \ce to have acne; to have pimples \xv 1. kʰkitwo \xe 'I go out.' \xv 2. neʔe skitwo \xe 'he has already gone out' (to live in the country). \xv 3. kamusikitwoniʔiy \xe 'they didn't come out again.' \xv 4. tskitwo siktənək \xe 'tears come to my eye.' \xv 5. ne ʔisikitwo simakał \xe 'the bats already went out.' \xv 6. tskitwo hesikixsma \xe 'the sleepseed comes in my eyes.' \xv 7. kʰkitwo simentana \xe 'I went out through the window.' \xv 8. husikitwoniʔiy ʔisʰa \xe 'he is going to have a new set of teeth come in' (idomatic way to say this). \xv 9. tskitwo saʔan heʔisʔək \xe 'blood is coming from his mouth.' \xv 10. no ʔan kikšił supkitwo \xe 'I gave you your liberty' or 'I give you your liberty.' \xv 11. tsikitkitwo hešaʔaliyaš \xe 'they are going out into the street.' \xv 12. musunikitwo hesuʔutʔam \xe 'it never leaves the river.' \xv 13. tswał kiskitwo lokaʔaqtəwəw \xe 'it is pierced and the air comes out.' \xv 14. pinaʔał lokałkitwonpi kaʔo \xe 'go ye to the spring of water.' \xv 15. lokanaštəʔəʔə kʰqunup ʔan neʔesikitkitwo hesikuhkuʔu \xe 'when I was a child the Indians were going home.' \xv 16. mupkitwoʔo hemitəpə lapiliklikʔe ʔitimaʔam! \xe 'don’t go outdoors, stay in here!' \xv 17. knixenus yəlaʔa lokašik, kikaskitwoʔo kisitsʔaʔał \xe (I took the hairbrush and combed her head) 'and got all the lice out and she went out to play.' \xv 18. kikanupan tskitwo lokašmałwilutš \xe 'when the afterbirth comes out.' \xv 19. kʔuwe kanawa sułkuw kisikitwoniʔiy lokapštə \xe 'but night comes the pštə come forth again.' \xv 20. lokaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tskitwo ʔałyułtʔuł kisʰuwatiqip \xe 'the man went out mad and slammed the door.' \xv 21. tsqisə ʔisʔəł tskitkitwo \xe 'she had a leg sticking out.' \xv 22. kilakəkš ʔisułkuw kałkitwo \xe 'it comes out at night only.' \xv 23. tskitwo loʔišaqšaqšanuʔutš \xe 'he arose from the dead.' \xv 24. muskitwo šikoxšoł (Ϟor mukoxšoł) \xe 'I could not urinate' (lit., 'I did not put out urine' or 'I did not urinate'). \xv 25. kikaskitwo lokaʔapʰanəšmu \xe 'and she left the village.' \xv 26. mupkitwoʔo hemitəpə lapiliklikʔe ʔitimaʔam ! \xe 'don't go out doors, stay in here!' \xv 27. lamunaməʔək ʔiskitwonwaš lokaʔapʰanəšmu kikasʔip \xe 'before very much time passed after she left the village said.' \xv 28. kuštəł suʔuštšʰəmənəš saʔałtšum, kiksukitwo, knunaʔał lokakʔap \xe 'I found the buried treasure, I got it and took it home.' \xv 29. tsisuwayopuswu lokapałpaliʔi neʔesisuyakitwo kuhusisinay ʔisilanlantšuʔu, kuhusisinay šaʔałhaputš kasikawayu \xe 'they begged permission from the priests that they wanted to leave and establish farms and have cattle and horses.' \xv 30. lokanaštəʔəʔə kʰqunup ʔan neʔesikitkitwo hesikuhkuʔu \xe 'when I was a child the Indians were going home.' \xv 31. ʔiti ʔan mušpelonušaš kəwə mitʔi šipułhewu; kilatšə ʔišupšuʔup kišnaʔał muntana, məʔək lošaʔałtəhətš muntana, kanawa skitwo ʔiti ʔan laswatwatipelonušaš kilakałkumli (Ϟor kinelaskumli) montana, kanawa husimokʔotʔiy ʔan sesanta pesus ʔipiʔiw \xe 'here he does not shear because there are few sheep; he is always going to Montana, it is far that place called Montana; when he starts out here he shears his way there little by little and reaches Montana and when he returns it costs him $60.00.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89. 177.2, 186.2, 248.1, 270.4, 324.1, 665.1; 90.296.4; 91.47.1 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx kitwoʔo \ps v \ge move out.REDUP \ge go out.REDUP \ge leave.REDUP \de to move out.REDUP; to go out.REDUP; to leave.REDUP \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kitsepawit \a kitsepawitʰ \ps name \ge Kitsepawit \de Kitsepawit \ee This was the Chumash name of Fernando Librado. \sd people \sd names \lg TJPH \rf Coyo88 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx kiw \ps n \ge mussel (small-sized) species \de mussel (small-sized) species \ee These were eaten raw as medicine. These species are distinct from the 6 in. (15.2 cm) or longer mussels called ͽtʔo. \sd animals \sd ocean \sd shellfish \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.223.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kiwə \cf kəwə \ce because \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kla \ps v \ge broken, be \de to be broken \sy noqš \cf nikla \ce to break with the hands \cf watikla \ce to break on impact \cf wikla \ce to break with a blow \xv 1. tskla hesiksa \xe 'my tooth is broken off.' \xv 2. ʔałkla ʔixəp \xe 'broken stone.' \xv 3. lokaʔałkla kaxəp \xe 'the broken stone.' \xv 4. tskla kikwatšʔəw \xe 'it broke and I threw it away.' \xv 5. lokaplatu kaʔałka \xe 'the plate that is broken all to pieces.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 89.740.3-741.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx klawus \ps n \ge nail (hardware) \de nail (hardware) \mr [] \xv 1. hukwisəx hesiklawus \xe 'I pound the nail using a hammer.' \xv 2. musisunuwus hałklawus, sitipəš, sisunuwus lokatok \xe 'they used to use no nails, they sewed them with dogbane' (said of tomoł). \sd tools \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.741.3-4; 92.482.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kmen \ps vroot \de -meaning uncertain- \ee May be a variant of xmen ‘to fall apart; to fall over.’ \cf siqiłkmen \ce to blink; to wink \cf xmen \ce to fall apart; to fall over \sd vroots \sd untranslated \lg TJPH \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ko- \hm 1 \ps vpre \de by cutting \ee Glossed as INSTR.cutting. \cf ka-6 \ce by cutting \cf konoqš \ce to cut (as with a knife) \sd variations \dt 29/Sep/2018 \lx ko= \hm 2 \a kò= \cf ka=2 \ce relative clause proclitic \sd variations \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx koko \a koʔko \a ʰokó \a qoqo \va (koʔko; qoqo) \ps n \ge father \ge dad \de father; papa; dad \ee Sometimes this term appears in the data as ͽqoqo. This should not be confused with ͽqo ‘pet.’ \cf kokonwaš \ce father.PST; papa.PST; dad.PST \xv 1. lokakʰkoko \xe 'my father.' \xv 2. kʰqisə siqunup kʔuwe mukpošotš ʔasku ʔałtskóko \xe 'saw a child , but I do not know who its father is.' \xv 3. lokasqoqo hesiqunup \xe 'the father of this child.' \xv 4. no ʔan hukʰkunoyus lokakʰkoko kihuknaʔał maʔam \xe 'I am going in front of my father (near or far from him), I am going home.' \xv 5. ʔalałpaʔaʔay kasilikʔe lokakikoko \xe 'Our Father [who art] in heaven.' \xv 6. huknaʔał losalotoyinpi lokaqoqo \xe 'I am going to the grave of my father.' \sd kinship \sd people \sd consanguineal \lg JPH \rf 69.88; 90.2.2-4.3; 92.557.2-558.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kokonwaš \ps n \ge father.PST \ge papa.PST \ge dad.PST \de father.PST; papa.PST; dad.PST \mr [] \xv 1. kay ʔan kakʰkokonwaš \xe 'he was my father' (it is understood that the father has died). \sd kinship \sd people \sd lifecycle \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 92.557.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kokoyal \ps v \ge rear up with (as is said of a horse with a rider) \de to rear up with (as is said of a horse with a rider) \ee Verb may be transitive. \mr [] \xv 1. tsʔił tsiku sałʔip sikawayu saʔałxupani ʔan ʔisułkuw ʔan musxupani, kʔuwe no ʔan mukšuwašətš kəwə tskokoyalit saʔałxupani sikawayu kʰen tsmaxuyułkuw \xe 'people say that a wild horse is gentler at night, but I don’t believe it for a bronco horse once reared up with me in the dark.' \sd verbs \sd animals \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.4.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kolis \ps n \ge cabbage \de cabbage \mr [] \xv 1. tštapi hemaʔam ʔišʔuxšaʔaš sikolis \xe 'the smell of the cabbage is coming into this room.' \xv 2. hukšuniwəš hesikaldo ʔisanorya kasikolis \xe 'I am going to add carrots to the soup and cabbage.' \sd food \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd plants \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 89.200.2; 91.107.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx koloy \ps n \ge crab species \de crab species \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI koloy ‘crab species,’ CRZ pkoloy ‘big seacrab,’ INZ possible cognate ʼolwoy̓ ‘shellfish species’ (Whistler 1980: 14; Beeler & Klar 1977b: 81; SYCBI 2007: 256) \ee Described as having no mandibles and being larger and rounder than the ͽxway. \xv 1. tšaqʔuš ʔi koloy \xe 'barnacle on crab’s leg.' \sd animals \sd shellfish \sd ocean \sd nature \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 70.27.1; 81.148.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx komunyon \ps n \ge communion \de communion \gn comunión \dn comunión \mr [] \xv 1. kšuwašətš lokaespiritu santo, lokasantaʔilesya katolika, lokasikomunyon kasansantuʔu \xe 'I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Holy Catholic Church, and the communion of saints.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd religion \lg TJPH \rf 90.507.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -konin- \ps root \ge worm \de worm \cf ʔałkoninitš \ce smth wormy \cf koninitš \ce to be wormy (said of rotten meat not of wood) \cf tskonin \ce worm; angleworm \sd roots \sd animals \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx koninitš \ps v \ge wormy (said of rotten meat not of wood), be \de to be wormy (said of rotten meat not of wood) \mr [] \cf ʔałkoninitš \ce smth wormy \cf topšoqʔi \ce to be rotten (said of wood) \cf tołmow \ce to be rotten (as said of meat that stinks) \xv 1. tskoninitš \xe 'it is wormy' (said of a dead horse). \sd verbs \sd animals \sd food \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.6.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx -konono- \cf -kʰonono- \ce ?related to grinding \sd variations \dt 05/Jul/2011 \lx konoqš \a koʔnoqš \va (koʔnoqš) \ps v \ge cut (as with a knife) \de to cut (as with a knife) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkonoqš \pde to cut (as with a knife).NZ \cf ʔatsʔəsi \ce to shave \xv 1. kʰkonoqš \xe 'I cut with a knife.' \xv 2. tškonoqš sikʔoqwo \xe 'they cut my hair.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʰkonoqš hesikʔəł \xe 'I cut my foot with a knife.' \xv 4. laxula ʔan [tsi]konoqsus heʔisʔoqwo, losalamtowtowš \xe 'it seems they scalped him in the war' (omission of ͽtsi- seems to be in error). \xv 5. kʰanwa ʔiškonoqš ʔan tšniqaiqʔalaw(sp?) hesikʰoqwo \xe 'every time he gave a cut he pulled my hair out.' \xv 6. laʔkʰan ʔisʔił ʔišluʔyət loʔkaʔaxipeneš, laʔkʰan ʔisalaqwaʔay suʔamsukitwo ʔiškom̓ ʔan tšikoʔnoqš tsamkeseʔqe loʔkašluʔyət \xe 'if the board has a knot, and if they can get two boards out of it, cut it, removing the knot.' \xv 7. ałkonoqš ʔiyʔoqwo \xe 'he cuts hair, is a barber.' \sd verbs \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.215.4; 90.5.2-7.2; Tomol6 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kopkop \ps n \ge toad \de toad \sd amphibians \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.176.2-178.1 \dt 03/Apr/2015 \lx koton \ps n \ge shirt \de shirt \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv kotoniwaš \pde old shirt (shirt.DEPR) \xv 1. tsʔił ʔiskoton sixus \xe 'he has a bear shirt' (said of ͽʔałʔatəšwənitš). \xv 2. kapkotoniwaš \xe 'thy old shirt.' \sd clothes \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.7.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kotše \cf kotši \ce pig \sd variations \dt 31/Mar/2011 \lx kotši \rd kotškotšiʔi \a kotše \va (kotše) \ps n \ge pig \de pig \mr [] \xv 1. tsoqkonono lokakotšə \xe 'the pig grunts.' \xv 2. lokakotškotšiʔi \xe 'the swine.' \sd animals \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.8.2-3 \dt 16/Jul/2019 \lx kotškotšiʔi \ps n \ge pig.REDUP \de pig.REDUP \cf kotši \ce pig \sd reduplications \dt 31/Mar/2011 \lx kowli \ps n \ge copper \de copper \mr [] \xv 1. šukuyaʔaš ʔikowli \xe 'a copper kettle.' \sd elements \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.9.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -kowo- \ps vroot \ge movement to one side \de movement to one side \cf alikowowo \ce to be lying on one's side \cf axikowowo \ce to move quickly while on one’s side \cf kasukowowo \ce to cut slantwise; to cut at an angle \cf kowonli \ce to go sideways \cf kowokowo \ce to go/sway from one side to the other \cf maxsukowowo \ce to drag smth tipped \cf oxtopokowowo \ce to move tipped to one side \cf salikowowo \ce to put lying on one's side; to bevel \cf simoxkowowo \ce to place to one side \cf sukowowo \ce to tilt smth; to hold to one side; to hold an arrow against the left-hand side of bow when shooting \cf šukowowonəʔəš \ce instrument held slanting; bow held slanting \cf tikowowo \ce to ride side saddle \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kowokowo \ps v \ge go/sway from one side to the other \ge sway/go from one side to the other \de to go/sway from one side to the other \ee Reduplicated form of ͽkowo (though this is not an attested word). \mr [] \xv 1. tskowowo \xe 'he sways from one side to the other.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.9.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kowonli \ps v \ge go sideways \de to go sideways \mr [] \xv 1. kʔuwe kʰan ʔismaqutinaʔał ʔan tskowowonli muskəyəmi \xe 'when it runs it goes sideways, does not go straight ahead.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.9.3; 91.10.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kowowo \ps v \ge one-sided, be \ge side, be on one \ge beveled, be \de to be one-sided; to be to one side; to be beveled \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kowowon ‘to be on one’s side,’ INZ -kowon- ‘to be tipped’ (Whistler 1980: 14; SYBCI 2007: 185) \mr [] \cf alikowowo \ce to be lying on one's side \cf axikowowo \ce to move quickly while on one’s side \cf kasukowowo \ce to cut slantwise; to cut at an angle \cf maxsukowowo \ce to drag smth tipped \cf oxtopokowowo \ce to move tipped to one side \cf salikowowo \ce to put lying on one's side; to bevel \cf simoxkowowo \ce to place to one side \cf sukowowo \ce to tilt smth; to hold to one side; to hold an arrow against the left-hand side of bow when shooting \cf šukowowonəʔəš \ce instrument held slanting; bow held slanting \cf tikowowo \ce to ride side saddle \xv 1. tskowowo \xe 'it is on one side.' \xv 2. ksukowowo \xe 'I am going to make it tilt,' or 'I am going to tilt it.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH \rf 90.9.2,4; 91.10.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx koyho \ps v \ge lame, be \ge unable to walk, be \ge walk, be unable to \de to be lame; to be unable to walk \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkoyho \pde to be lame.NZ; to be unable to walk.NZ \xv 1. kʰkoyho \xe 'I am lame.' \xv 2. tsyət saʔałkoyho \xe 'there comes a cripple.' \sd stative \sd descriptions \sd verbs \sd body \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.2.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx koyo \ps name \ge Coyo \de Coyo \ee This is a placename. \sd places \sd names \lg TJPH; JPH \rf Coyo15 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ktut \ph kʰtʊt \ps n \ge spider \ge tarantula \de spider; tarantula \gn araña \dn araña \cf ʔayaʔkʰa \ce (any) small spider; octopus \cf ktut hesimuwu \ce octopus species \cf ktut hesixəp \ce octopus species \xv 1. kʰtut ʔi mitʔi \xe 'small spider.' \xv 2. kʰtut (hemišup) \xe 'tarantula.' \sd animals \sd nature \sd insects \lg JPH \rf 69.81.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ktut hesimuwu \ps n \ge octopus species \de octopus species \ee Literally, ‘rock spider/tarantuala.’ Also called ͽktut ͽʔi ͽʔalamałpi. \cf ktut \ce spider; tarantula \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \sd animals \lg JPH \rf 70.49.2 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx ktut hesixəp \ps n \ge octopus species \de octopus species \ee Literally, ‘rock spider/tarantuala.’ \cf ktut \ce spider; tarantula \sd animals \sd ocean \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.50.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ktšon \sc Anas carolinensis \ps n \ge green-winged teal \ge teal, green-winged \de green-winged teal \ee Described as having a brown head with blue black eyes. This may also be a cover term for a number of duck species. \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 71.491.2-492.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx ku \a kù \a kù \rd kuhkuʔu \ps n \ge person \ge human \ge highly respected human \ge human, highly respected \ge Indians (the Chumash) \de person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \ee This term was used to refer to people in general, but also to refer to American Indians themselves. However, it is unclear how many tribes/groups this word might include. \et *kuh (TJPH) \ec Compare BOI ku ‘person,’ INZ kuw ‘person,’ OBI ti-tʸu ‘person’ (Klar 1977 104) \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv kuniwaš \pde worthless person \cf ʔałtsinaxkuhu \ce ghost \cf ʔałtšinaxkuhutš \ce one who makes others die by dreams of the dead \cf ʔitškuhu \ce to defend smn; to help smn fight \cf akuhu \ce to be many people \cf tanikuhkuʔu \ce to be superior to \cf tsiyełʔiku \ce bead(s) \xv 1. no ʔan kʰku \xe 'I am a person.' \xv 2. wašətš ʔiku \xe he/she is a good man/woman \xv 3. yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu \xe 'all the people' (of the world). \xv 4. syət siku \xe 'somebody is coming.' \xv 5. tšaqša siku \xe 'somebody is dead.' \xv 6. hušiałhaʔaš hesikuhkuʔu \xe 'people will talk about it' (about relatives living as a man and wife). \xv 7. ʔalahušaqša łku (Ϟor hušaqša siku) \xe 'somebody is going to die.' \xv 8. masəx sikukuʔu \xe 'three persons' (in the God-head). \xv 9. tšiqipš ʔiti ʔi šup siʰkuhkuʔu \xe 'this world is full of people.' \xv 10. ʔəhə siku šałʔiyoxonəšpi \xe 'many feared her.' \xv 11. yəlaʔa hesiku saʔaliyilikʔe ʔiti ʔišup \xe 'everyone in the world.' \xv 12. hušiałháʔàš hesikuhkúʔu \xe 'two people will talk about it.' \xv 13. lokaku ʔan tsʔił ʔisiʔayuwhat \xe 'the people had their small winnowing baskets.' \xv 14. nawaʔaʔay ʔi ku \xe 'a very old/ancient person.' \xv 15. muštšum ʔi šup, muštuhuy kisamtʔoloqʰ yəlaʔa hesikuhkuʔu \xe 'this year is bad, no rain, the people are all hungry.' \xv 16. tsasʰunanwu sikukuʔu lokaxʔanwa kihusiyutʔaʔaw sitimew̓ \xe 'she commanded the people to hunt rabbits.' \xv 17. hesikuhkuʔu kʔuwe yəlaʔa tsiyʔuw šipəʔəš kašiyʔiyʔałtšunuqš ʔan tsiyʔuw, ʔəhə saliyaqtšum lokapəʔəš \xe 'the Indians all (all those down the coast) ate acorn mush and those of the nation ate it, there were lots of those of the nation who liked it' (‘of the nation’ refers primarily to Spaniards). \xv 18. ʔiti hesałtikumus hesimuwu ʔan neʔešišełxe sikuhkuʔu losixaxaʔax ʔišup ʔan kałʔiyakuhu sikuhkuʔu kʔuwe muʔišukepeš, musiqutitšwałyəkwu sipałpaliʔi \xe 'here on the coast the Indians have become extinct, but in the big mountains there are many and they don't know priests.' \xv 19. nawnawayʔiwaʔaš ʔi ku \xe 'the first people.' \sd people \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.82; 90.11.1-17.1; 92.567.2-570.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ku- \hm 1 \ps vpre \ge PURP.POS \de positive purpose prefix \ee This prefix is used on verbs, and it is glossed as PURP.POS. Harrington (Harrington 1986: 3.93.83.2) indicates that ͽkihu- is the positive purpose prefix and counterpart to the negative purpose prefix ͽʔa-. No examples of kihu as a seemingly unified morpheme are accounted for in the data, however. The prefix ͽku- would seem to be a combination of those two prefix, however, and may be what Harrington was referring to. Glossed as PUR.POS. \mr [] \cf ʔa- \ce negative purpose prefix \xv 1. huksunaʔał kuhušnaʔał \xe 'I let [a captive bird] loose.' \xv 2. hukilikʔe kuhukʔuwlilo \xe 'I am going to sit down while I eat.' \xv 3. lahukušʰo kuhuseqmelew \xe 'I am going to let the cow lap the calf.' \xv 4. munatštə kuhusaməkənli \xe 'they do not go far.' \xv 5. mitʔiniʔiʔi kuhušipšəł \xe 'a bit longer and it is well done.' \xv 6. laʔušʰo kuhušnali maʔam! \xe 'let him go home!' \xv 7. huksutapi hesinə kuhukaqʰkəyəmi \xe 'I am going to put [this stick] in the fire so that I can straighten it.' \xv 8. hukʰkuwoy kuhukʰin hesixəp \xe 'I stood over [so that I could] pick up this stone.' \xv 9. iwałtə kuhuskitwo [OR kuskitwo] hemitəpə! \xe 'chase this dog that he goes out of here!' \xv 10. nełʔuluknetus kuhukaqwayapiyuw \xe 'how am I going to revenge myself on you people?' \xv 11. huksinay soʔo hesinə kuhusapitsʔə \xe 'I put some water on the fire so it will get hot.' \xv 12. tšiʔatišwə ʔipistuk, kuhušiyaqša \xe 'gopher poison.' \xv 13. huksutapi hesinə kuhukaqʰkəyəmi \xe 'I am going to straighten this stick in the fire.' \xv 14. lunes kuhuskumli lokakišʔiputš \xe 'Monday is the coming day of which we two spoke.' \xv 15. huksutikumus hesinə kuhušuxtišaw \xe 'I am going to bring or move the chicken near to the fire so that it will be warm.' \xv 16. ksuwelewele kuhusiyapiyam lokatəpk \xe 'I am going to shake to make the walnuts fall.' \xv 17. tsamsukitwonus heʔisxət kuhušoxšoł \xe 'they have his penis sticking out so that he can urinate.' \xv 18. no ʔan hukiwəš xwan kuhukišnaʔał lokasʔap \xe 'I will accompany Juan to his house.' \xv 19. huksinay ʔiti kuhukełtse kuhukušiqom \xe 'I am going to put it here, wrap it up and keep it.' \xv 20. laʔkʰan suptapinwù ʔan kusiyaqʰwətəypìʔił \xe 'if you put yourself among such people then they will make you do what they intend' (literally, 'they will shadow you'). \xv 21. huksutiyək siqas hesiktsaya kuhušwašətš \xe 'I am going to put sand in to give it a good shape.' \xv 22. hukušpay hemišup, kuhukustsʔəmə hekakʰqo \xe 'I am going to bury my dog.' \xv 23. hukeqweł ʔišinayəʔəš kuhušulišwu siqʔonon \xe 'I am going to make a trap to catch the rats.' \xv 24. husisinay simakina kuhusisukitwo siʔaseyte \xe 'they are going to install a machine for getting oil.' \xv 25. kikasiyikuswu lokaqunqunup kuhušiyaqškʔutwəš \xe 'and they give him to the children to play with.' \xv 26. hukeseqen(w)us lamitʔi kaypi kuhusaqʰskʔatata \xe 'I remove a little at the base of crack so that it will clap better.' \xv 27. lasʰuyuskumuʔus kuhušuliʔiš kʔuwe mušahaʔaš kiwə məʔək \xe 'the baby was reaching out its arms to take hold of its mother but could not reach her for she was to far away.' \xv 28. kisisyikus saʔaxʔaxiyeʔep kuhusitpeni, kuhusikitwo šikumkumeʔeł \xe 'and they gave her medicines that she might recover.' \xv 29. huknunaluʔus hesikʰkawayu lokaʔelelu, kuhusʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tskeseqenus heʔismaʔam ʔištoy̓ kinupan kasʰinayus ʔisʔeqenmu, tšwišutapinwu siklawus lokasʔeqenmu \xe 'I am going to take my horse to the blacksmith, he is going to shoe him, he cuts away the part under the hoof and nails the shoe on.' \xv 30. tsisuwayopuswu lokapałpaliʔi neʔesisuyakitwo kuhusisinay ʔisilanlantšuʔu, kuhusisinay šaʔałhaputš kasikawayu \xe 'they begged permission from the priests that they wanted to leave and establish farms and have cattle and horses.' \xv 31. kəpə hesinapwašətš, latšə ʔišnaxšnaxyəʔət ʔan hupeqweł kuhupkeʔep, hupkepleł lokaskepmu kapʔaliwə kuhupwašətš \xe 'you are now convalescing, the thing for you to do will be for you to bathe every morning, you will bathe in the bathing-pool of your brother in order to make yourself well.' \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd mode \lg TJPH \rf 90.296.4; 92.660.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx ku- \hm 2 \ps vpre \ge INSTR.setting \ge setting (upright), having to do with \de having to do with setting (upright) \ee Glossed as INSTR.setting. \cf ʔaqškʔutinay̓ \ce plaything; toy \cf akuškuy \ce to aim \cf kupilinaʔał \ce to go/run in a current (as is said of water) \cf kuštiyət \ce to get through (not using the conventional path/entrance); to sneak in \cf kuštiyətmu \ce place to come through; place to stick out \cf kutiyət \ce to tame \cf kuwiłpi \ce to adorn; to fit well; to suit \cf kuyam \ce to ride horseback; to be seated on top of smth \cf kuyaməʔəš \ce chair; seat \cf lukuyam \ce to bud; to have buds \cf sukuyam \ce to set on end; to put down from a horse \cf šaqškutałputš \ce to consider; to think about; to be of an opinion \cf ?šukuštimay \ce to misplace; to lose smth \cf tikusuwaya \ce to raise slightly \sd prefixes \sd vprefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuʔum \a kum \a kúm \a kuʔùm \a kúʔùm \a kuʔùm \a qum \va (kum, -qum-) \ps v \ge arrive (as is said of a point in time) \ge come \ge meet \ge come to smn \de to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \ee This seems to be used for an expected time (or recurring time). \et *ki/um \ec Compare BOI kumi ‘to arrive,’ CRZ čum ‘to arrive,’ INZ kum ‘to arrive,’ OBI tutʸimłhi ‘to arrive’ (Klar 1977: 41) \cf ʔałʔalalaqkuʔum \ce thankful one \cf ʔalaxškumu \ce land snail species \cf alaqkuʔum \ce I. to do a favor for II. to be grateful towards smn \cf apiqiłkuʔum \ce to be soaked through by hot water \cf aqkum \ce to be full of food; to eat to satisfaction \cf aqutikumeł \ce to be opposite of; to be facing \cf axškumu \ce to be lost; to be stray \cf axukumu \ce to be round/full (said of the moon only) \cf itaxkumeʔeł \ce to understand (by hearing) \cf kumeʔeł \ce to move straight (to) \cf kumi \ce to arrive at one’s home; to come home; to arrive \cf kumiti \ce to arrive here \cf kumli \ce to arrive at \cf kummu \ce place/time to come to \cf kumšaš \ce to be close together \cf kumu \ce to come to (a place or location) \cf kumulaʔa \ce to fit \cf kʔiłtšukumšaš \ce to be somewhat close together \cf lukumli \ce to grow to expected dimensions \cf luqumšaš \ce to grow together (straight out together the same distance apart not touching) \cf nukum \ce to arrive bringing; to come bringing \cf nukumi \ce to arrive home bringing smth \cf nukumpiyaš \ce dance (type) \cf qałkum \ce to get an idea; to have an idea come to one \cf qiłkuʔum \ce to soak in water; to be soaked through \cf quntikumli \ce to make smth go as far as \cf saqkutikumelus \ce half-way point \cf saxukumu \ce to do with moderation; to do with measure \cf sukumli \ce to make arrive \cf sukumu \ce to measure \cf sukumulaʔa \ce to measure to a point \cf sukumus \ce to overtake \cf suqiłkuʔum \ce to soak smth \cf sutikum \ce to get near; to put near \cf suyatikum \ce to want to be near \cf suyuskumuʔus \ce to try to reach out one’s arms; to stretch out one’s arms to take \cf šukumšaš \ce to put close together \cf šukumunaš \ce line \cf šukumušaʔaš \ce measuring device; measurement \cf šuyuškum \ce to want to catch (by reaching for) \cf tikum \ce to be against; to be next to \cf tikumšaš \ce to be bundled together; to be near each other \cf ułkumeli \ce to go directly to; to make a bee-line for \cf uqtkumu \ce to trim arrow feathers with hot rock \cf uškum1 \ce to reach for \cf walakum \ce to arrive quickly (at) \cf walikumli \ce to arrive first; to come first \cf walisukumuʔus \ce to get close to \xv 1. tskuʔum lokalamipuspi \xe 'the time arrived for that that they had set.' \xv 2. kanawa skuʔum susʔuwlilo \xe 'when her mealtime arrived.' \xv 3. neʔeskuʔum ʔispeyiniʔiy \xe 'the time of flowering arrived a second time.' \xv 4. kʰan ʔiskuʔum ʔiskummu kaypi kisinaʔał \xe 'when the time arrives they depart.' \xv 5. kəpə ʔan kaskuʔum kištum \xe 'now the time for laying eggs has arrived.' \xv 6. kisʔipus, "pnaʔał mitsqanaqʔan pʰkuʔum loʔka kʔapʰ" \xe 'he said to him, “go to Ventura and arrive at my house.” ' \xv 7. tskumit \xe 'he reached where I was.' \xv 8. kʰkumił \xe 'I came to where you were.' \xv 9. tskum siku \xe 'somebody arrived.' \xv 10. tskumit šaʔaqšanəš \xe 'the crippled came where I was.' \xv 11. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan nupan ʔałkum \xe 'this man is a new-comer.' \xv 12. kanawa skum lokanunašəš ʔan tsʔipus lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'when the Devil arrived the man said to him.' \xv 13. kitpen lokanawaʔaʔaʔy ʔan tskumuswu šaʔaqšanəš lokatšotšonəʔəš \xe 'I remember that a long while ago the fishes got an epidemic.' \xv 14. tsʔip lokaqunup husikum siʔałnunapala yitipakeʔes tskaʔaškom \xe 'he says that 500 Pala Indians are coming.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.22.2-23.4, 53.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuhkuʔu \a kukuʔu \va (kukuʔu) \ph kʊhˈkʊʔʊ \ps n \ge person.REDUP \ge human.REDUP \ge Indians (the Chumash).REDUP \ge highly respected human.REDUP \de person.REDUP; human.REDUP; highly respected human.REDUP; Indians (the Chumash).REDUP \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -kuhu- \ps vroot \ge related to humans \ge humans, related to \de related to humans \mr [] \cf ʔałtsinaxkuhu \ce ghost \cf ʔitškuhu \ce to defend smn; to help smn fight \cf akuhu \ce to be many people \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \cf sinaxkuhun \ce to make others die from dreams of (the) dead \sd vroots \sd roots \sd people \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kukamoŋa \ps n \ge Cucamonga \de Cucamonga \ee This is a placename. \sd places \lg TJPH; KO \rf Glutton12 \dt 19/Aug/2018 \lx kukuʔu \cf kuhkuʔu \ce person.REDUP; human.REDUP; highly respected human.REDUP; Indians (the Chumash).REDUP \sd variations \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kulilaw \ps n \ge porpoise \de porpoise \dt 16/Jul/2018 \lx kumali \ps n \ge comale \de comale \mr [] \sy šuštow \sy uqtʔawəyəʔəš \sy uštow \xv 1. kakʰkumali \xe 'it is my comale.' \xv 2. lokašuštow \xe 'el comale.' \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \sd Nahuatl \sd tools \sd food \sd household \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.24.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kumeʔeł \a kumeʔèł \a kumel \ph kʊmɛˀɛɬ \va (kumel-) \ps v \ge move straight (to) \de to move straight (to) \ee Note obligatory use of directional applicatives. \pd ʑ \pdl v \pdv kumeli \pde to move straight (to).DIR \pdv kumełtiʔiy \pde to move straight (to).CIS \cf aqutikumeł \ce to be opposite of; to be facing \cf itaxkumeʔeł \ce to understand (by hearing) \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf sukumeʔeł \ce to direct; to give direction to \cf saqkutikumelus \ce half-way point \cf šuwaškumeł \ce to steer \cf ułkumeli \ce to go directly to; to make a bee-line for \xv 1. tskumeli \xe 'he goes straight there.' \xv 2. tskumełtiʔiy \xe 'he is coming directly.' \xv 3. no ʔan kʰkumeli \xe 'I am going straight to' (the watercloset). \xv 4. laskumeli sałʔiłpi lokayułʔuw \xe 'he goes straight where his food is.' \xv 5. muskumełtiʔiy \xe 'he does not come straight here.' \xv 6. muksuyołkʔoli hukkonkonoqš hesaʔalamle kinahukʰkumeli kihukuliʔiš lokatsʔohoy kaʔaliyaš \xe 'I don’t want to go way around, I am going to cut the wire and am going straight to the other road and get the road.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.27.3-29.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kumeł \rd kumkumeʔeł \ps adj \ge bad, be \ge ugly, be \ge unpleasant, be \ge homely, be \ge impure, be \de to be bad; to be ugly or homely; to be unpleasant; to be homely; to be impure \cf kumeliwaš \ce smn/smth of no value \cf kumełtiyutš \ce to have a natural-born deformity or illness \xv 1. kumeł ʔipoš \xe 'he has a bad heart.' \xv 2. mukaqtšum hešaʔatʔaxatš, kumel ʔištəq \xe 'I don't like this man, he has an ugly face.' \xv 3. kumeł ʔisaputitšʔə \xe 'it is a strong or bad current.' \xv 4. kumeł ʔištəq \xe 'it has an ugly face.' \xv 5. kumeł tšałnetpi \xe 'it is bad; it is not good.' \xv 6. pałnunał lokakumkumeʔeł ʔisiyeqwelił \xe 'forgive the slanderers.' \xv 7. kasułku ʔan kʔatəšwətš sikum kumeliwaš, kumeł sikʔatəšwətš \xe 'last night I dreamt horrible things, my dream was bad.' \xv 8. kimupušʰouyuw likiyapiyam lokakumeł, kʔuwe sunapayiyuw lokakumeł \xe 'lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd common \sd stative \sd emotions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.24.4-27.2; 92.578.2-579.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kumeliwaš \rd kumkumeliwaʔaš \ps n \ge smn/smth of no value \ge smth/smn of no value \ge value, smn/smth of no \de smn/smth of no value \ee This word has connotations of being bad (this is a more forceful meaning), whereas ͽkumeł has connotations of being simply unpleasant, ugly, etc. \mr [] \cf kumeł \ce to be bad; to be ugly or homely; to be unpleasant; to be homely; to be impure \xv 1. kumeliwaš ʔiku \xe 'he is a bad man.' \xv 2. lakumeliwaš ʔiyeqweleš \xe 'it is bad work.' \xv 3. kumeliwaš lokaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'that man has no value.' \xv 4. kumeliwaš sixʔanwa ʔałkilamu \xe 'whore' (lit., 'bad woman crazy one'). \xv 5. kumeliwaš ʔixʔanwa tšwatšʔəw ʔistałhəw \xe 'bad woman, she left her child.' \xv 6. hesipapeł ʔištəqšaʔaš ʔan kumeliwaš \xe 'this paper is dirty colored.' \xv 7. nipʔipwaš dios ʔan kumeliwaš ? \xe 'did you use the Lord’s name in vain?' (Harrington’s translation: 'you have said it bad?'). \sd descriptions \sd people \sd insults \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.29.3-31.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx kumełtiyutš \ps v \ge have natural deformity \ge deformity, have natural \de to have a natural-born deformity or illness \mr [] \cf kumeł \ce to be bad; to be ugly or homely; to be unpleasant; to be homely; to be impure \xv 1. kʰkumełtiyutš \xe 'I have a natural born deformity.' \xv 2. tškumełtiyutš lokaskoko \xe 'he inherits sickness or any bodily or mental trait from his father.' \xv 3. tsʔił sikaqʔus, kkumełtiyutš \xe 'I have a sore by heredity.' \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd stative \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.31.4-32.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kumi \ps v \ge come home \ge arrive at one's home \ge arrive \de to arrive at one’s home; to come home; to arrive \ee Compare with ͽkum 'to arrive anywhere,' ͽkumli 'to arrive somewhere specific,' and ͽkumiti 'to arrive here (said of a stranger arriving)' \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf nukumi \ce to arrive home bringing smth \cf yəti \ce to arrive; to arrive again \xv 1. nupan ʔiskumi \xe 'he just arrived.' \xv 2. nupaʔaʔan ʔiskumi \xe 'he just now arrived.' \xv 3. kʔuwe munaskumi \xe 'but he has not arrived yet.' \xv 4. lataninupan ʔiskumi \xe 'he arrived only a short time ago.' \xv 5. neʔeskumí kšaʔay \xe 'my daughter has already arrived.' \xv 6. kʰkumiʔił \xe 'I arrive at where you are.' \xv 7. tsamkumi siku \xe 'the people arrived at a place.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.23.4, 32.3-35.2; 92.582.1-2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kumiti \ps v \ge arrive here \de to arrive here \ee This is said of a stranger arriving at a house; this is opposed to a family member, in which case ͽkumi would be used. \mr [] \cf ʔiti \ce here \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \sd motion \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.35.4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kumkumeʔeł \ps adj \ge bad, be.REDUP \ge ugly, be.REDUP \ge unpleasant, be.REDUP \ge impure, be.REDUP \ge homely, be.REDUP \de to be bad.REDUP; to be ugly.REDUP, to be unpleasant.REDUP; to be homely.REDUP; to be impure.REDUP \cf kumeł \ce to be bad; to be ugly or homely; to be unpleasant; to be homely; to be impure \sd reduplications \dt 03/Jun/2019 \lx kumkumeliwaʔaš \ps n \ge smn/smth of no value.REDUP \de smn/smth of no value.REDUP \cf kumeliwaš \ce smn/smth of no value \sd reduplications \dt 15/Jun/2018 \lx kumli \ph kʊmblɪ \a kum(b)li \a kum(b)lì \a kumlì \a kumlì \a kumlin \va (kumlin-) \ps v \ge arrive at \de to arrive at \mr [] \sy ahaʔaš \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf lukumli \ce to grow to expected dimensions \cf quntikumli \ce to make smth go as far as \cf sukumli \ce to make arrive \cf walikumli \ce to arrive first; to come first \xv 1. muskumlinwaš \xe 'I did not arrive.' \xv 2. tskumli \xe 'he arrived over there,' \xn 'llegó allá.' \xv 3. ʔoyonit kihukʰkumli \xe 'help me to reach the place!' \xv 4. neʔe kʰkúmli ponom \xe 'I arrived at Oxnard' (or the Ponomo site). \xv 5. no ʔan hukmaxatʔam kanawa huskumli ʔisʰinʔišaw \xe 'I am going to make a fiesta on San Miguel’s day.' \xv 6. muskumlinwaš lokaʔatʔaxatš kəwə šnikʔoyi \xe 'the man did not arrive for he turned back.' \xv 7. nee ka skumli ʔi šʰinʔišaw si muhusilikʔe ʔiti šup \xe 'the day arrived in which he no longer lived on this earth.' \xv 8. nee ka skumli ʔi šʰinʔišaw si muhusilikʔe ʔiti šup \xe 'the day arrived to him of no longer living.' \xv 9. neʔe kʰumli lokasʔap silinahuwit \xe 'after I arrived at the house of Silinahuwit.' \xv 10. maliʔiʔi latšwayək hukikumli \xe 'we would not even get to Los Pitos.' \xv 11. lawaliʔiʔin hukʰkumli tšwayək \xe 'I shall arrive at Los Pitos soon.' \xv 12. no ʔan kʰkumli lokašixututš katəptəpʰə \xe 'I reached a place where there had been a fire in the forest.' \xv 13. mupušʰo luskumli hemišup ! \xe 'do not let it fall to the ground!' \xv 14. sinawa kʰkumli ʔan neʔe štaktə́nwaš lokašʰatiwə \xe 'when I arrived he had already killed his wife.' \xv 15. kikakʰkumli ʔan ʔəhə siku salamalitlitkʔəy ʔan neʔemuštəʔəʔən hałkušiʔik kałwašətš suknaʔał \xe 'but when I arrived there were lots of people already there waiting and my pain wasn’t very bad any more and it seemed good to me to go.' \xv 16. ʔiti ʔan mušpelonušaš kəwə mitʔi šipułhewu; kilatšə ʔišupšuʔup kišnaʔał muntana, məʔək lošaʔałtəhətš muntana, kanawa skitwo ʔiti ʔan laswatwatipelonušaš kilakałkumli (Ϟor kinelaskumli) montana, kanawa husimokʔotʔiy ʔan sesanta pesus ʔipiʔiw \xe 'here he does not shear because there are few sheep; he is always going to Montana, it is far that place called Montana; when he starts out here he shears his way there little by little and reaches Montana and when he returns it costs him $60.00.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.22.4, 36.1-42.1; 92.584.2-587.1; Glutton7 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx kummu \ps n \ge place/time to come to \de place/time to come to \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \xv 1. ʔan tsʔił ʔiskummu kisiyət \xe 'they have their time for arriving here in this country.' \xv 2. kʰan ʔiskuʔum ʔiskummu kaypi kisinaʔał \xe 'when the time arrives they depart.' \xv 3. lokanawnawaʔaʔaʔy ʔan tšipošʰotš ʔisikummu ʔišišaqškʔunapaš \xe 'the ancient people knew the fishing grounds well.' \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.42.2-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kumpisał \a kunpisał \va (kunpisał) \ps v \ge confess \de to confess \mr [] \xv 1. kakanaʔaʔay ʔan hupšaqškutałputš sipatsatsakaʔaw, kumpisał yəlaʔa, hupuxninikʔəyi, hupsuyeqweł šiwašətš \xe 'you consider first your sins, confess with repentance all the mortal sins, and intend to make amends.' \sd verbs \sd religion \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 91.645.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kumšaš \ps v \ge close together, be \de to be close together \mr [] \an paqpaq \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf šukumšaš \ce to put close together \cf šukumušaʔaš \ce measuring device; measurement \cf tikumšaš \ce to be bundled together; to be near each other \xv 1. tšikumšaš lokaswałwaʔał \xe 'the holes are close together' (not touching but close together). \xv 2. no ʔan kšukumšaš \xe 'I make them close together.' \xv 3. tšiškumšaš \xe 'they two are near together but not touching.' \sd verbs \sd locations \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.43.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kumu \a kumù \a kumù \ps vt \ge come to (a place or location) \de to come to (a place or location) \ee This can be said of hair coming to a certain place on a person’s body or of actual movement to a place where someone stands. \mr [] \cf ʔalaxškumu \ce land snail species \cf axškumu \ce to be lost; to be stray \cf axukumu \ce to be round/full (said of the moon only) \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf saxukumu \ce to do with moderation; to do with measure \cf sukumu \ce to measure \cf sukumulaʔa \ce to measure to a point \cf sukumus \ce to overtake \cf suyuskumuʔus \ce to try to reach out one’s arms; to stretch out one’s arms to take \cf šukumunaš \ce line \cf šukumušaʔaš \ce measuring device; measurement \cf šuyuškum \ce to want to catch (by reaching for) \cf uqtkumu \ce to trim arrow feathers with hot rock \cf uškum1 \ce to reach for \cf walisukumuʔus \ce to get close to \xv 1. kilokasʔoqwo ʔan neʔeskumuʔus heʔisqit \xe 'and her hair already reached to her waist.' \xv 2. kanawa sitaxsə yəlaʔa lokałnetpu, kikašišyət kašiškumuʔus lokalilikʔenpi kašišʰaʔaʔay \xe 'when he had heard the whole story they came and arrived at the place where their daughter was.' \xv 3. kayuškuʔum ʔi saqikumu \xe 'the cresent (of the moon).' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 79.25.2; 90.45.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kumulaʔa \a kumulaʔà \a kumula \ps v \ge fit \de to fit \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf sukumulaʔa \ce to measure to a point \xv 1. kʔuwe kisukukowowo kikaskumulaʔa \xe 'we tipped the bed on one side and it went through.' \xv 2. lokamitəpə ʔan mitʔi kimuskumulaʔḁ lokaxayanəš \xe 'the door was very small and the bed would not go through it.' \xv 3. tsiyaqulmow sipon̓ ʔišʔułyinaʔaš sałkumulaʔa \xe 'they choose of the right length.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd locations \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.43.4-44.2; Daughter20 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kuna \rd kunkunaʔa \ps n \ge nephew (sister's son) \de nephew (sister's son) \xv 1. kʰkuna \xe 'son of my younger sister.' \xv 2. lokapʰkuna \xe 'your younger sister's son.' \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.237.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx kuniwaš \ps n \ge worthless person \ge person, worthless \de worthless person \ee Harrington notes that this is a good word. \mr [] \cf ku \ce person; human; highly respected human; Indians (the Chumash) \sd people \sd insults \sd phrases \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 72.209.2; 72.209.2; 90.45.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kunkunaʔa \ps n \ge nephew (sister's son).REDUP \de nephew (sister's son).REDUP \cf kuna \ce nephew (sister's son) \sd reduplications \dt 01/Jul/2011 \lx kunoʔoy \a kunoy \va (kunoy-) \ps v \ge go ahead \ge guide \ge lead \de to go ahead; to lead; to guide \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkunoʔoy \pde one who goes ahead \cf nukunoʔoy \ce to guide smn \cf sukunoy \ce to put ahead; to put in front of \xv 1. tskunoʔoy \xe 'he guides.' \xv 2. hešaʔatʔaxatš ʔan tskunoyit \xe 'this man is going in front of me (both are walking along)' Cannot be said of being in front of me when I am seated. \xv 3. no ʔan hukʰkunoyus lokakʰkoko kihuknaʔał maʔam \xe 'I am going in front of my father [near or far from him].' \xv 4. ʔałkunoʔoy \xe 'he who goes ahead.' \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 89.217.1; 90.46.1-2 \dt 21/Aug/2019 \lx kunpisał \cf kumpisał \ce to confess \sd variations \dt 30/Mar/2011 \lx kununuy \cf kun̓un̓uy \ce to bow one’s head \sd variations \dt 09/Dec/2012 \lx kun̓ \rd kun̓kun̓ \ps n \ge rabbit (dark brown species) \de rabbit (dark brown species) \ee This word denotes a type of rabbit species smaller than the ͽtimew̓. \et *kuniʔ \ec Compare BOI kun̓ ‘rabbit,’ CRZ kun̓ ‘rabbit,’ INZ kun̓ ‘rabbit,’ OBI tʸuniʼ ‘jackrabbit,’ PUY akun̓ ‘rabbit’ (Klar 1977: 105-106) \cf ma \ce jackrabbit \cf timew̓ \ce cottontail rabbit; ground squirrel \sd animals \sd mammals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.405; 71.868.1-869.1 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kun̓kun̓ \ps n \ge rabbit (dark brown species).REDUP \de rabbit (dark brown species).REDUP \cf kun̓ \ce rabbit (dark brown species) \sd reduplications \dt 07/Jan/2013 \lx kun̓un̓uy \a kununùy \ps v \ge bow one’s head \de to bow one’s head \xv 1.kanawa šišałtəš ʔan numiš ʔišišitpen sałʔišnehetpi kišiškun̓un̓uy \xe 'when the two met, they remembered the time when they were lively, and they bent down.' \sd verbs \sd manners \sd body \lg TJPH \rf Greetings1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kupilinaʔał \ps v \ge go/run in a current (as is said of water) \de to go/run in a current (as is said of water) \ee Harrington notes that ͽtspilinaʔał and ͽtskupilinaʔał are both used. However, his consultant never heard the latter word, though he understood it was the same in meaning. \mr [] \cf naʔał \ce to go; to go (away); to stay by going about in a place all the time \cf pilinaʔał \ce to go running/trickling out of (said of liquids) \xv 1. kikanawa šišaw ʔan tspilinaʔał \xe 'when it is hot it trickles down.' \xv 2. tspilinaʔał \xe 'the water goes running in a current.' \sd verbs \sd water \sd motion \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.47.2, 365.4, 366.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -kupin- \ps vroot \ge lit, be \de be lit \cf sukupin \ce to light a light \cf šukupinaʔaš \ce candle; light \cf tsukupin̓ \ce glowworm \sd vroots \sd roots \lg JPH; TJPH \dt 23/Apr/2012 \lx kusax \rd kuskusaʔax \ps n \ge forehead \de forehead \gn frente \dn frente \cf alikusaxpi \ce to lie with the forehead on \xv 1. (he)sikʰkusax \xe 'my forehead.' \sd anatomy \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.47.4-48.2 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx kuskusaʔax \ps n \ge forehead.REDUP \de forehead.REDUP \cf kusax \ce forehead \sd reduplications \dt 01/Jul/2011 \lx kuštiyət \ps v \ge sneak in \ge get through (not using the conventional path/entrance) \de to get through (not using the conventional path/entrance); to sneak in \mr [] \cf kuštiyətmu \ce place to come through; place to stick out \cf tiyət \ce to move closer to \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. tškuštiyət \xe 'he got through' (not coming through a door). \xv 2. nełpkuštiyət ? \xe 'where did you get through the fence?' (not used of coming through the gate). \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.48.3; 92.595.1 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kuštiyətmu \ps n \ge place to come through \ge place to stick out \de place to come through; place to stick out \ee This seems to indicate an opening in otherwise consistently uniform material. \mr [] \cf kuštiyət \ce to get through (not using the conventional path/entrance); to sneak in \cf tiyət \ce to move closer to \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. tsʔił ʔiškuštiyətmu \xe 'it is a place for its head to stick out' (said of a turtle). \sd places \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.48.4 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kuta \a kutà \ps v \ge get up \ge slope up \de to get up; to slope up \ee This is not said of the sun. \cf ʔanaqtskutanpinpin \ce killdeer; small beach birds \cf alikuta \ce to wake up at night \cf maxkuta \ce to slope up at an acute (45°) angle \cf piłkuta \ce to straighten up (when released) \cf qilikuta \ce to look up \cf qulukuta \ce to pry up \cf sukuta \ce to lift up \cf sunaxskuta \ce to feed breakfast \cf škuta \ce east wind \cf unaxskuta \ce to eat in the morning \cf unikuta \ce to wake up very early \xv 1. tskuta \xe 'he got up.' \xv 2. kwelexš lokasʔap kʔuwe kakʔamiwu mušnupnupahaʔa munaskuta \xe 'I passed my friend's house but there was no noise' (he had not gotten up). \xv 3. kʰkuta ʔismaqtuʔu muʔułkuw \xe 'I got up at midnight.' \xv 4. kuta! \xe 'get up!' (said to sleeping person). \sd verbs \sd common \sd routine \lg JPH; TJPH \rf Daughter104 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kutet \rd kutkuteʔet \et *kVtet \ec Compare BOI kutet ‘breast,’ CRZ ?tutu ‘breast,’ INZ kutet ‘breast,’ OBI tʸeteʼ ‘breast,’ PUY kutetʼ ‘breast’ (Klar 1977: 72) \ee Always say tskutet, never say tškutet of any animal (the latter sounded ill formed to Harrington’s consultant). \cf aqtipałyət \ce to suck (as from a straw); to draw towards \cf sukutet \ce to suckle smn/smth \se I \ps n \ge breast \de breast \xv 1. sikʰkutet \xe 'my breast.' \xv 2. hekaxʔanwa ʔan neʔesʔił ʔišʔapš heʔiskutet \xe 'the woman has already milk in her breasts.' \xv 3. sikʰkutkutèʔèt \xe 'my breasts' (both of them). \xv 4. tšʔapš hesikʰkutet \xe 'the heat of my breasts.' \xv 5. qunup ʔiʔałkutet \xe 'baby of breast.' \xv 6. musʔił kʰletši hesikʰkutet \xe 'I have no milk in my breasts.' \se II \ps v \ge suckle (as from a breast) \de to suckle (as from a breast) \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkutet \pde smth of the breast \xv 1. tskutet \xe 'she sucks.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰkutet \xe 'I suck milk from breast.' \xv 3. tsʰukutet ʔistałhəw̥ \xe 'she suckles her child.' \xv 4. kayukseqenus suskutet \xe 'I am going to wean the baby.' \sd body \sd food \sd anatomy \lg JPH \rf 81.110.4; 89.101.3; 90.50.1-51.3 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kutitwałyək \a kutitwałyə̀k \ps v \ge know smn/smth \ge aquainted with, be \de to know smn/smth; to be aquainted with \xv 1. kaqškutiwəš lokaʔanatʔamam kiskutitwałyəkit \xe 'I played with the raccoon and so he knows me.' \xv 2. no ʔan kʰkutitwałyək hešaʔatʔaxatš \xe 'I know (am aquainted with) this man.' \sd verbs \sd cognition \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.52.1-2 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kutiyət \ps v \ge tame \de to tame \mr \cf tiyət \ce to move closer to \cf yət \ce to come; to arrive at \xv 1. hukmasnał hesikawayu \xe 'I am going to tame this horse.' \xv 2. lokapali ʔan tsikutiyətuswu lokakuhkuʔu \xe 'the fathers tamed the people.' \sd animals \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.52.1-2 \dt 28/Jun/2019 \lx kutkuteʔet \ps n \ge breast.REDUP \ge suckle (as from a breast).REDUP \de breast.REDUP; to suckle (as from a breast).REDUP \cf kutet \ce breast \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kutkutʔuy \ps v \ge pile, be in a.REDUP \de to be in a pile.REDUP \cf kutʔuy \ce to be in a pile \sd reduplications \dt 30/Mar/2011 \lx kutʔuy \rd kutkutʔuy \ps v \ge pile, be in a \de to be in a pile \cf qiłkutʔuy \ce to sink \cf xiłkutʔuy \ce to sink (into water) \xv 1. tskutʔuy \xe 'it is a pile' (of potatoes, sand, etc). \xv 2. lokaštuwaš kakušwekey ʔan neʔeskutʔuy \xe 'the shells I have thrown out are already in a pile.' \xv 3. kaʔisqapsqaʔap ʔan laskutkutʔuy hemišup \xe 'and there are many feathers (under the trees) on the ground.' \sd verbs \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 90.52.3-53.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kutšala \ps n \ge teaspoonful \de teaspoonful \mr [] \xv 1. masəx sikutšala \xe 'three teaspoonfuls.' \sd Spanish \sd borrowings \sd food \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.53.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuwa \ps prcl \ge wait \de wait \ee This is used to say to someone, 'wait a minute' or 'wait' in the sense of 'do not do what you are going to do, wait a minute' \xv 1. kuwa \xe 'wait, don't do it!' (said to a person). \xv 2. kuwa lamitʔiʔiʔi \xe 'wait a little' \xn 'espera un poquito!' \xv 3. lakuwa \xe 'wait a while' (do not want any coffee now but in a little while). \xv 4. lakuwamitʔiʔiʔi \xe 'in just a little while but not now.' \lg JPH \sd particles \rf 90.57.4-58.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kuwiłpi \ps v \ge adorn \ge fit well \ge suit \de to adorn; to fit well; to suit \ee This word seems to be generally used of humans. However, if one has altered a house and added new ornaments then ͽtskuwiłpi ͽhesaʔap can be used of the house. \mr [] \xv 1. kkuwiłpi hesikʰkamisa \xe 'my shirt fits me well.' \xv 2. kʰkuwiłpi \xe 'my clothes fit me well.' \xv 3. tskuwiłpi lokasʔaxʔaxwiʔi \xe 'it looks well on him.' \xv 4. kaqułmow sułkuwiłpi \xe 'I chose that which suited me best.' \xv 5. musʔił ʔałkuwiłpi \xe 'it has no use' (said of tasting mush that is no good). \xv 6. wašəʔəʔətš lokaxʔanwa, kʔuwe musʔił ʔałkuwiłpi, kiwe ʔałniwonla kahe ʔalaxpak \xe 'she was a good looking woman, but her beauty did not become her for she was lazy and stingy.' \xv 7. kaypi kuskuwiłpi \xe 'therefore it suits me.' \sd common \sd verbs \sd clothes \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.58.3-60.1; 94.397.3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuwkuʔuw \ps n \ge coast live oak.REDUP \de coast live oak.REDUP \cf kuw̓ \ce coast live oak \sd reduplications \dt 24/Apr/2012 \lx kuwoy \ps v \ge stoop \de to stoop \xv 1. hukʰkuwoy \xe 'I stoop.' \xv 2. hukʰkuwoy kuhukʰin hesixəp \xe 'I stood over (I ducked) to pick up this stone.' \xv 3. kikəpə ʔan hukʰkəyəmi \xe 'and now I straighten up, stand or get up straight.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd motion \lg JPH \rf 90.60.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuw̓ \a kuw \rd kuwkuʔuw \ps n \ge oak, coast live \ge coast live oak \de coast live oak \gn encino \dn encino \sc Quercus agrifolia \ee See also Timbrook 2007 (160 162). \et *kuwu(ʔ) \ec Compare BOI kuw̓ ‘oak species,’ CRZ kuwu ⁓ kuʼuw ‘oak species,’ INZ kuw̓ ‘oak species,’ PUY akuw̓ ‘oak species,’ OBI tʸuwuʼ ‘oak species’ (Klar 1977: 102) \cf məs1 \ce scrub oak; Nuttall’s scrub oak \cf mišax \ce blue oak; acorn of oak (not coast live oak) \cf ta \ce valley oak \xv 1. tštakałʔapapʰa sikuw̓ \xe 'oak puffball.' \xv 2. no ʔan kotoyi heʔismaʔam sikuw̓ ʔan nelasapiyampiyit šiyʔixpanəš hesiktəq \xe 'I slept under an oak tree and an acorn fell down and hit me on the face.' \xv 3. hesitolu ʔan tsʔił tšaʔaliyaš ʔan tsxmen lokašə kika musiyam kəwə tšʰəhətš. tsʔił sikuw̓ ʔan tsiyołkʔoli kika siyuliʔiš lokaʔaliyaš \xe 'at El Toro was a road and the bank and they did not go down that place for it was steep. there was liveoak, and they turned out around it and got the road again.' \sd plants \sd nature \sd trees \lg JPH \rf 90.57.3 \dt 14/Aug/2019 \lx -kuy- \ps vroot \ge point at \de point at \cf akuškuy \ce to aim \cf alutikuy \ce to face in a direction \cf aquškuy \ce to point at \cf quluškuy \ce to aim at with \cf šalutikuy \ce to look in a certain direction \cf šunuškuy \ce to promise; to settle on/announce something before it happens; to set a date \cf šuškuy \ce to draw smn’s attention to smth; to show; to teach \cf unuskuyus \ce to announce (to) \cf uškuy \ce to point at; to pertain to \sd roots \sd vroots \lg TJPH \rf 91.39.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kuya \rd kuyakuya \rd kuykuya \ps v \ge turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \de to turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \ee This is also said of a swimmer as a swimmer looks in direction opposite of where he lays his hand for a stroke. \cf alutikuy \ce to face in a direction \cf sukuya \ce to turn smn's head around \cf šalutikuy \ce to look in a certain direction \cf šuškuy \ce to draw smn’s attention to smth; to show; to teach \cf utikuy \ce to look to the side \xv 1. no ʔan kuya \xe 'I looked over my shoulder.' \xv 2. tskuya \xe 'he looks over his shoulder.' \xv 3. kuyanit ! \xe 'turn your head around and look at me!' \xv 4. ʔašnəm hupkuya ? \xe 'when will you turn your head and look backward?' \xv 5. tskuyakuya \xe 'he turns his head from side to side.' \xv 6. munasməkəʔə kiskuya ʔan tsqisə lokaštałhəw ʔan tšmišmiš \xe 'before long she looked over her shoulder and saw the baby crying.' \xv 7. heʔispeʔey ʔan latšə ʔisqisqisə hešiʔišaw tskuykuyanus hešiʔišaw (Ϟor lokaʔišaw) \xe 'this flower (sunflower) is all the time looking at the sun, it keeps turning its head as it looking over its shoulder looking at the sun.' \xv 8. latšə ʔiskuykuya \xe 'he turns his head repeatedly.' \sd verbs \sd common \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.17.2-19.4; 92.571.1-2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuyakuya \ps v \ge turn one’s head and look over one’s shoulder.REDUP \de to turn one’s head and look over one’s shoulder.REDUP \cf kuya \ce to turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kuyam \a kuyaʔàm \ps v \ge ride horseback \ge seated on top of smth, be \de to ride horseback; to be seated on top of smth \ee This is the technical term for riding horseback (possibly an older form). \mr [] \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkuyam \pde one on horseback \cf kuyaməʔəš \ce chair; seat \cf lukuyam \ce to bud; to have buds \cf sukuyam \ce to set on end; to put down from a horse \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. hukikuyam \xe 'let us three sit down.' \xv 2. neʔeskuyam \xe 'he is already up' ; 'he is already up' (on the horse). \xv 3. no ʔan kʰkuyam \xe 'I am on top of it.' \xv 4. kʰkuyam hesikʰkawayu \xe 'I sit on the horse's back.' \xv 5. tskuyam loʔistək tšulukak \xe 'the woodpecker was on the top.' \xv 6. ʔiʔałkuyam \xe 'they are on horseback.' \xv 7. ʔamʔałkuyam \xe 'many are on horseback.' \xv 8. kay ʔan tskuykuyam hesikawayu \xe 'he is seated on this horse.' \sd animals \sd verbs \sd locations \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.18.4-20.3; 92.572.1-573.1 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx kuyaməʔəš \ps n \ge chair \ge seat \de chair; seat \mr [] \sy ʔilikʔenmu \cf kuyam \ce to ride horseback; to be seated on top of smth \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \sd household \sd tools \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.20.4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kuyiwaš \ps n \ge basket (type) \de basket (type) \ee This is described by Harrington as having a bottom of junco 'where sides commence a core of three.' \sd basketry \lg JPH \rf 69.28 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kuykuya \ps v \ge turn one’s head and look over one’s shoulder.REDUP \de to turn one’s head and look over one’s shoulder.REDUP \cf kuya \ce to turn one's head and look over one's shoulder \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kuyuw \cf kuyuw̓ \ce to be (on the) right \sd variations \dt 24/Apr/2012 \lx kuyuw̓ \a kuyuw \a kuyùw \va (kuyuw) \ps v \ge right, be (on the) \de to be (on the) right \an kaw̓ \cf axukuyuw̓ \ce to take hold of with one’s right hand \cf tałkuyuw̓ \ce to grasp with the right hand \xv 1. siktəq sikʰkuyuw \xe 'my right eye.' \xv 2. hesikʔałkuyuw \xe 'my right (arm).' \xv 3. hešikšipuk saʔałkuyuw̓ \xe 'my right elbow.' \xv 4. kikašnaʔał ʔalałpay kikasiliklikʔe loʔiskuyuw liyos \xe 'He ascended into Heaven and is seated at the right hand of God.' \sd directions \sd verbs \lg JPH \rf 90.21.1-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kwałtu \ps n \ge room \de room \ee Not used of the chambers of the heart. \mr [] \xv 1. kisupuwe sikwałtu soʔoteł los angeles \xe 'I rented a room at a hotel in Los Angeles.' \sd household \sd borrowings \sd Spanish \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.60.4-61.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kwey \ps v \ge empty by pouring of one’s own accord \ge emptied, be \de to empty by pouring of one’s own accord; to be emptied \ee This is most likely a root as few things can empty themselves out. The causative of this, ͽsukwey, was probably used far more often. This has connotations of emptying from one place into another. \pd ʑ \pdl n \pdv ʔałkwey \pde to be emptied.NZ \cf ʔałtsukweypiwu \ce poisoner (as of squirrels) \cf sukwey \ce to pour from one dish into another; to poison \xv 1. tskwey \xe 'it emptied itself into another dish all of its own accord' (though dishes do not do this of their own accord). \xv 2. ʔałkwey \xe 'it is empty.' \xv 3. neʔeskwey \xe 'it is already empty' \sd verbs \sd food \sd water \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.61.2-3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kwəʔən \ps n \ge filaree \de filaree \gn alfilarillo \dn alfilarillo \ee Used especially for horse fodder. See also Timbrook 2007 (85). \sd plants \sd husbandry \sd nature \lg JPH; JT \rf 81.63.2 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kwitš \ph kʰwɪtʃ \ps n \ge hawk species \ge ?Peregrine falcon \ge ?duck hawk \de hawk species; ?duck hawk; ?Peregrine falcon \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kwič ‘duck hawk,’ INZ kwič ‘falcon species’ (Whistler 1980: 53; SYBCI 2007: 196) \ee Described as a big, whitish hawk that eats rattlesnakes, rabbits, and rats. It does not have a red tail. Said to denote a hawk species with a red tail. This may be a dialectal form for the red tailed hawk; it may refer to the juvenile species of the red tailed hawk. \cf tsən \ce red-tailed hawk; chickenhawk \xv 1. lokakʰwitš tsexwepʔè kiyəlaʔa tsmutaxmakʰ \xe 'when the hwak whistles, all stop stupefied.' \xv 2. lokakʰwitš ʔan tsqitʔowow \xe 'the hawk is whitish.' \xv 3. lokatsən ʔan tštuʔuqʰštahay ʔi štelèqʰ \xe 'the red-tailed hawk has a reddish tail.' \sd birds \sd animals \sd nature \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 69.80; 71.494.2-71.497.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -kwowo- \ps vroot \ge related to roundness \ge roundness, related to \de related to roundness \cf ʔałpołkwowo \ce knob \cf oqtopołkwowo \ce to move by rolling \cf połkwowo \ce to be round; to be spheroid \cf supołkwowo \ce to make a ball of smth \sd vroots \sd roots \sd shape \lg TJPH \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʰan \a kan \ps prcl \ge IRR.EVENT \de irrealis event particle \ee In a clause, this particle marks an event or situation as irrealis. Glossed as IRR.EVENT. \cf kʰanwa \ce every \cf lakʰanwa \ce each \xv 1. lakʰan susəhə sukʔalustʔey ʔan muhukyətini naxyət \xe 'just in case I have a lot to do, I will not return tomorrow.' \xv 2. kʰan simusʔił lukʔalustʔey \xe 'if I'm not occupied.' \xv 3. kihupsuyawaha lokatsʔohoy kaku kʰan tšnehet pi ! \xe 'love thy neighbor as thyself!' \xv 4. ya nowo, lakʰan nowo, lakʰan \xe 'stop, just stop.' \xv 5. lakʰan sikʔuw sikowotš ʔan lawaliʔiʔin kikaqmił soʔo \xe 'when I eat salmon I get thirsty right away.' \xv 6. loʔkatšumtšumàš laʔkʰan ʔišiyuštəł sipaxàt šaʔalaqʰšà kʔùwe tsisuwakaʔàp \xe 'the Cruzeño, when they see a dead whale, they bring it ashore.' \sd particles \sd chronometry \sd mode \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.77.1-3 \dt 27/Jun/2019 \lx kʰanwa \ps prcl \ge every \de every \ee Not to be confused with kanawa. \cf kʰan \ce irrealis event particle \cf lakʰanwa \ce each \xv 1. kʰanwa ʔiškemeqš ʔan tšniqniqʔalaw hesikʔoqwo \xe 'every time he gave a cut he pulled my hair out.' \xv 2. lakʰanwa šišup \xe 'every year.' \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.5.2, 156.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʰe \ps intrj \ge here it is \de here it is \ee When giving something one has to say ͽkʰe, ‘here it is,’ ͽtaʔa ‘take it in your hand, put out your hand to take it’ \sy kakiwali \sy kʰewali \xv 1. kʰe he soʔo \xe 'take this water' ; 'here is this water.' \sd particles \sd interjections \lg JPH \rf 90.78.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʰeʔen \ps prcl \ge moreover.REDUP \de moreover.REDUP \cf kʰen \ce moreover \sd reduplications \dt 14/Apr/2012 \lx kʰen \rd kʰeʔen \ps prcl \ge moreover \de moreover \ee Harrington notes twice that his speaker did not use this form, though there are examples of its use in the data. \xv 1. kʰen tšaqša lokaštete \xe 'and the mother died.' \xv 2. lokaʔanaqskutipoxpox ʔan tšnaʔał payikʔulane, kʔuwe heʔismaʔam hemišup kʰen ʔałmaxatš \xe 'the mole goes where it wants to, but underground, for or and it is blind.' \xv 3. tsʔił tsiku sałʔip sikawayu saʔałxupani ʔan ʔisułkuw ʔan musxupani, kʔuwe no ʔan mukšuwašətš kəwə tskokoyalit saʔałxupani sikawayu kʰen tsmaxuyułkuw \xe 'people say that a wild horse is gentler at night, but I don’t believe it for a bronco horse once reared up with me in the dark' (lit., 'for a bronco once reared up with me, moreover, it was dark'). \xv 3. masəx kʰsiʔqʔom kʰeʔen kʰsukutà ʔan yətiʔiškom̓ \xe 'two times three is six' (as he does this he closes the three fingers - little finger side of hand - and opens again). \xv 4. kʰsiqʔom yətipakeʔes kʰeʔenlà kʰsukutà ʔan kaʔaškom̓ \xe 'five times five is ten' (lit., 'I double five and, what’s more, I lift up [to] ten'). \sd particles \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.79.1-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʰete \ps n \ge my mother \de my mother \mr [] \cf tete \ce mother; mom \sd kinship \sd consanguineal \lg TPH, KO \rf 72.230 \dt 22/Feb/2014 \lx kʰewali \ps intrj \ge here it is \de here it is \ee This word is said of giving a thing into someone’s hand. \xv 1. kay ʔan tsasuna loʔkałpakeʔet kihusipus loʔkatsʔohóy: kʰewali šaʔaliyàš \xe 'and he ordered the one to say to the other one : here is the road.' \sy kakiwali \sy kʰe \sd interjections \sd particles \lg JPH \rf 90.80.1-81.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʰəw \ps v \ge fall of one's own accord \de to fall of one's own accord \xv 1. yəlaʔa ʔištaqapqap ʔan tskʰəw \xe 'all the leaves have fallen.' \xv 2. tskʰəw \xe 'the seeds are falling from the ripened plant to the ground of their own accord' (old words). \sd verbs \sd motion \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.81.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx -kʰonono- \a -konono- \va (-konono-) \ps vroot \ge ?related to grinding \de ?related to grinding \cf ʔałʔaloxkʰonono \ce snorer; smn who snores \cf oxkʰonono \ce to grunt \cf wikʰonono \ce to loosen earth \cf wikʰonononəʔəš \ce tool for loosening earth \cf wikʰononotš \ce to be loosened \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʰsen̓ \ph kʰsɛn̰ \ps n \ge announcer \de announcer \gn griton \ee The announcer is called in Ventureño ͽkʰsen̓. He visits all the chiefs about fifteen days before the fiesta. They know the feast days, e.g. the established days of ͽkakqunupmawa (Christmas) and a fiesta of the day of Venus: ͽxutaš. \xv 1. loʔkaʔanaqʰskutipoxpox ʔan kʰsen̓wàš muskumlì loʔkasʔxilałtəmù kikasamtənùs kaʔisamyikus susʔatʔap laʔtšʰə̀ heʔismaʔàm hemišupʰ \xe 'mole was an announcer, but he did not fulfill his duty, so they named him and gave him [a house] to live always below the earth.' \sd people \sd culture \lg JPH \rf 69.852 \dt 12/Aug/2019 \lx kʰun \rd kʰunkʰuʔun \ps prcl \ge I don't know \ge who knows? \de I don’t know; who knows? \et ɕ \ec Compare BOI kuhu ‘who knows?,’ IZN kʰuhu ‘who knows?’ (Whistler 1980: 44; SYBCI 2007: 187) \ee Means the same as ͽmukpošʰotš. \cf kʰunkʰuʔun \ce who knows? \xv 1. lakʔu tsamipa \xe 'I believe they pounded it.' \sd exclamations \sd particles \sd interjections \lg JPH \rf 90.82.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʰunkʰuʔun \ps intrj \ge who knows? \de who knows? \mr [] \cf kʰun \ce I don’t know; who knows? \xv 1. kʰunkʰuʔùn \xe 'who knows?' \sd interjections \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 71.865.1 \dt 23/Jul/2018 \lx -kʔalaw- \cf -qʔalaw- \ce move upwards \sd variations \dt 26/Apr/2012 \lx -kʔap- \ps vroot \ge related to pinching \de related to pinching \ee Harrington recognizes this as a root. \cf ʔalaqkʔapš \ce heron \cf aqkʔap \ce to pinch between two items (as with chopsticks, forefinger and middle finger, buttocks) \cf saqkʔap \ce to cause to be pinched \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔelele \ph k̓ɛˈlɛlɛ \ps n \ge limpet \de limpet \sd animals \sd ocean \sd shellfish \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 70.205.1 \dt 20/Aug/2019 \lx -kʔewe- \rd -kʔewewe- \ps vroot \ge movement along an edge \de movement along an edge \cf ełkʔewli \ce to go along the edge of \cf tikʔewewe \ce to trim straight; to remove the edge of so as to leave straight \cf wenepskʔewewe \ce to wriggle along \sd vroots \sd roots \lg TJPH \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔələlə \ps v \ge brittle, be \de to be brittle \ee Generally this cannot be said of a shell, for many shells are not brittle thus. This word could possibly be used when speaking of glass, but glass is not very brittle. \xv 1. tskʔələlə \xe 'it is brittle' (said of macaroni – it is not hard, one can take his hands and break it into fragments easily). \sd stative \sd verbs \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.63.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔil- \cf kʔili- \ce quickly \sd variations \dt 03/Jul/2011 \lx kʔił- \a kʔit- \a kʔitʔ- \a qitʔ- \a xitʔ- \va (kʔit-, kʔitʔ-, qit-, xitʔ-) \ps vpre \ge little in amount or intensity \ge amount or intensity, little in \ge intensity or amount, little in \ge INSTR.little.amount/intensity \de little in amount or intensity \ee The variant ͽkʔił comes before stems beginning with a consonant. The variant ͽkʔit comes before stems beginning with a vowel. The variant ͽkʔit comes before stems that seem to begin with an underlying glottal stop and vowel. Glossed as INSTR.little.amount/intensity. \mr [] \cf kʔiłtsakałhaha \ce to open (one's mouth) only a little \cf kʔiłtšošoy \ce to be somewhat black \cf kʔiłtšukumšaš \ce to be somewhat close together \cf kʔiłyamli \ce to descend slowly; to go down slowly \cf kʔiteqpeyus \ce to resemble somewhat \cf kʔituqštahay \ce to be reddish \cf kʔitutišihitš \ce to be somewhat hard \cf kʔitʔałhaš \ce to speak low; to whisper \cf kʔitʔapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to go up slowly \cf kʔitʔuqštu \ce to be slightly deaf \cf qitʔowow \ce to be whitish \cf xitʔuqštahay \ce to be reddish \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔilapəti \ps v \ge ascend quickly \ge go up quickly \de to ascend quickly; to go up quickly \mr [] \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \xv 1. kʰkʔilapəti \xe 'I went up quickly.' \xv 2. kʰkʔiliyamli \xe 'I descended quickly.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd path \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.63.4-64.1 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔili- \a kʔil- \va (kʔil-) \ps vpre \ge quickly \ge INSTR.quickly \de quickly \ee Glossed as INSTR.quickly. \cf kʔilapəti \ce to ascend quickly; to go up quickly \cf kʔilikitwo \ce to get out in a hurry; to get out quickly \cf kʔilinapay \ce to rise up quickly \cf kʔilinowo \ce to stand quickly; to get up quickly from a sitting or lying position \cf kʔilitapi \ce to rush into; to hide under \cf kʔiliwayanpi \ce to dive at \cf kʔiliyamli \ce to descend quickly; to go down quickly \sd vprefixes \sd prefixes \sd instrumentals \lg TJPH \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔilikitwo \ps v \ge get out quickly \ge get out in a hurry \de to get out in a hurry; to get out quickly \mr [] \cf kitwo \ce to move out; to go out; to leave \xv 1. kʰkʔilikitwo \xe 'I go out in a hurry.' \xv 2. tšʰuyuliʔiš lokaxʔanwa ʔan tskʔilikitwo hesoʔo \xe 'he went to grab hold of the woman but she rushed out of the water.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd directions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.64.4-65.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔilinapay \ps v \ge rise up quickly \de to rise up quickly \mr [] \cf napay \ce to rise; to land \xv 1. tskʔilinapay lokaʔikmen \xe 'the wave rises quickly up over the rock.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd ocean \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.65.3 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔilinowo \ps v \ge stand quickly \de to stand quickly; to get up quickly from a sitting or lying position \mr [] \sy utinowo \cf nowo \ce to stand (erect); to be standing; to stop \cf xilinowo \ce to be a loafer \xv 1. kʰkʔilinowo \xe 'I get up in a hurry from where I am sitting or lying.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd manner \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.65.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔilitapi \ps v \ge rush into \ge hide under \de to rush into; to hide under \mr [] \ee Harrington thinks tsikʔilitapi would mean the same as tsipiłtapi. \cf tap \ce to visit; to enter (the residence of) \cf tapi \ce to enter; to enter on (smn) \xv 1. tskʔilitapi hesitəptəpʰə \xe 'it quickly enters the underbrush.' \xv 2. lawaliʔiʔin kisipiłtapi \xe 'they quickly hide themselves.' \xv 3. kikašnaʔał ʔan mušpošʰotš neluseqe kikasməkeʔə kikaskumli losimuwu kiskʔilitapi kəwə tsʰuyaməʔə kikasməʔə. tšaqwin. \xe 'and she wandered aimlessly and far and arriving at the shore of the ocean she rushed into the water, wishing to drown herself, and was drowned. End.' \xv 4. lokakšaʔay ʔan tskʔilitapli hemaʔam kikasʔipit \xe 'my daughter rushed in and said to me.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd directions \sd common \sd manner \sd animals \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.66.1-4 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔiliwayanpi \ps v \ge dive at \de to dive at \mr [] \cf waya \ce to hang; to be suspended \xv 1. tskʔiliwayanpi \xe 'the hawk dove at him.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd animals \sd manner \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.67.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔiliyamli \ps v \ge descend quickly \ge go down quickly \de to descend quickly; to go down quickly \mr [] \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kʰkʔiliyamli \xe 'I descend quickly.' \xv 2. kwayiyamli \xe 'I descend slowly.' \xv 3. tskʔiliyamli \xe 'a man runs down the slope.' \sd verbs \sd path \sd motion \sd manner \sd directions \ee JPH; TJPH \rf 90.63.4-64.3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔiłtsakałhaha \ps v \ge open (one's mouth) only a little \de to open (one's mouth) only a little \mr [] \cf akałhaha \ce to be gaping \cf qʰał \ce to come apart from \xv 1. sałkʔiłtsakałhaha \xe 'he opened his mouth a little only' (not way open). \sd verbs \sd body \sd manner \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.67.3 \dt 27/Jan/2019 \lx kʔiłtšošoy \a qiłtšošoy \va (qiłtšošoy) \ps v \ge black, be somewhat \ge somewhat black, be \de to be somewhat black \ee A similar form, ͽqiłtšošoy, is given with an identical translation. Since there seems to be no motivation for consonant diminutization, it is listed as an alternate. \mr [] \cf šošoy \ce to be black; to be dark \xv 1. tškʔiłtšošoy lokaxʔanwa \xe 'the woman is not very black.' \xv 2. tšqiłtšošoy \xe 'it is blackish.' \sd colors \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.67.4; 92.515.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔiłtšukumšaš \ps v \ge close together, be somewhat \de to be somewhat close together \mr [] \cf kuʔum \ce to arrive (as is said of a point in time); to come; to meet; to come to smn \cf šukumšaš \ce to put close together \xv 1. kʰkʔiłtšukumšašwu \xe 'I put them close together but not near together.' \sd verbs \sd stative \sd locations \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.68.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔiłyamli \ps v \ge descend slowly \ge go down slowly \de to descend slowly; to go down slowly \mr [] \sy wayiyam \cf yam \ce to go down; to descend \xv 1. kʰkʔiłyamli \xe 'I descends slowly. \xv 2. kʰkʔiliyamli \xe 'I descended quick.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd manner \sd path \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.63.4-64.1, 67.2 \dt 21/Jan/2019 \lx kʔit- \cf kʔił- \ce little in amount or intensity \cf kʔiteqpeyus \ce to resemble somewhat \cf kʔituqštahay \ce to be reddish \cf kʔitutišihitš \ce to be somewhat hard \sd variations \dt 03/Jul/2011 \lx kʔiteqpeyus \ps v \ge resemble somewhat \de to resemble somewhat \mr [] \cf eqpey \ce to resemble; to be like; to look like \xv 1. tskʔiteqpeyus sihəłhəł \xe 'it resembles həłhəł ruddle.' \xv 2. tskʔiteqpeyus \xe 'it resembles it somewhat.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd senses \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.68.2-3 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔituqštahay \a qituqštahay \va (qituqštahay) \ps v \ge reddish, be \de to be reddish \ee Harrington notes that this has the same meaning as ͽxitʔuqštahay. Both words were in common use, some people used the one and some the other. A similar form, ͽqituqštahay, is given with an identical translation. Since there seems to be no motivation for consonant diminutization, it is listed as an alternate. \mr [] \sy xitʔuqštahay \cf uqštahay \ce to be red \xv 1. ʔałqituqštahay \xe 'it is reddish.' \sd colors \sd verbs \sd stative \sd descriptions \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.68.4; 92.522.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔitutišihitš \ps v \ge hard, be somewhat \de to be somewhat hard \mr [] \cf šutišihitš \ce to make hard; to flex \cf utišihitš \ce to be hard; to be tough \xv 1. tskʔitutišihitš \xe 'the meat is a little tough/hard.' \sd stative \sd verbs \sd descriptions \sd body \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.69.1 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔitʔ- \va kʔit- \ps vpre \de little in amount or intensity \mr [] \cf kʔił- \ce little in amount or intensity \cf kʔiteqpeyus \ce to resemble somewhat \cf kʔituqštahay \ce to be reddish \cf kʔitutišihitš \ce to be somewhat hard \cf kʔitʔałhaš \ce to speak low; to whisper \cf kʔitʔapəti \ce to ascend slowly; to go up slowly \cf kʔitʔuqštu \ce to be slightly deaf \sd variations \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔitʔałhaš \ps v \ge speak low \ge whisper \de to speak low; to whisper \mr [] \cf ałhaš \ce to speak; to talk; to gossip \xv 1. no ʔan kʰkʔitʔałhaš \xe 'I talked softly or whisper.' \xv 2. tskʔitʔałhaš \xe 'he talks low.' \sd verbs \sd language \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.69.2 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔitʔapəti \ps v \ge go up slowly \ge ascend slowly \de to ascend slowly; to go up slowly \mr [] \sy wayapəti \cf apət \ce to tread on; to step on \cf apəti \ce to climb up (using one's feet) \xv 1. kʰkʔitʔapəti \xe 'I go up slowly.' \xv 2. kʰkʔilapəti \xe 'I went up quickly.' \sd verbs \sd motion \sd common \sd manner \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.69.3-4 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔitʔuqštu \ps v \ge slightly deaf, be \ge deaf, be slightly \de to be slightly deaf \mr [] \cf ʔuxstu \ce to be deaf \cf tu1 \ce ear \xv 1. no ʔan kʰkʔitʔuqštu \xe 'I am a little deaf.' \sd verbs \sd body \sd senses \sd health \lg JPH; TJPH \rf 90.70.1 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔləw \ps n \ge crow (large) \de crow (large) \ee Harrington notes that this is a crow species larger than ͽʔaʔawaš. It is possible the word refers to the raven. \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 69.80 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔokok \sc Athene cunicularia \ps n \ge burrowing owl \ge owl, burrowing \de burrowing owl \ee This owl catches ground squirrels. \xv 1. tsʔip, “wrr wrr” \xe 'it [the burrowing owl] says, “wrr wrr” .' \sd animals \sd birds \sd nature \lg JPH \rf 71.484.1; 81.105.4 \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx kʔot \rd kʔotkʔot \ps v \ge broken (non-functioning), be \de to be broken (non-functioning) \ee Note that this verb refers to the breaking of something stiff or firm. \et *kʔoto \ec Compare BOI –kʼot ‘to be broken,’ INZ –kʼot ‘to be broken,’ OBI –tʸʼɨtɨ ‘to break’ (Klar 1977: 71) \cf nikʔot \ce to break smth \cf watikʔot \ce to break one's bone; to fracture one's bone \cf wikʔot \ce to chop \xv 1. pʰnapiyətus sipnipʔow kaypi kiskʔot \xe 'you bent it too much and that is why it broke.' \xv 2. lokaʔatša an tskʔot \xe 'the axe is broken.' \xv 3. tskʔot hesikpək \xe 'I broke my shin' (lit., 'my shin is broken'). \xv 4. lokakiyutiyəkwaš ʔan tskʔotkʔot \xe 'what we were in broke.' \xv 5. tskʔot heʔisʔəł \xe 'his leg is broken.' \xv 6. tskʔotkʔot \xe 'it is all broken.' \xv 7. tskʔot \xe 'it breaks as a stick breaks.' \xv 8. tskoti \xe 'twenty-five cents.' \sd common \sd stative \lg JPH \rf 90.72.1-4, 71.1-73.2 \dt 16/Aug/2019 \lx kʔotkʔot \ps v \ge broken (non-functioning), be.REDUP \de to be broken (non-functioning) REDUP \cf kʔot \ce to be broken (non-functioning) \sd reduplications \dt 06/Jan/2019 \lx -kʔoy- \ps vroot \ge turn \de to turn \cf ʔaqtikʔoymu \ce place where people sun themselves \cf ʔolołkʔoy \ce porpoise \cf aputinikʔoy \ce to make undertow \cf aputinikʔoyi \ce to make undertow \cf aqnitoxlołkʔoy \ce to listen (as with ear turned to catch the sound); to reflect on (as in thinking about) \cf aqtikʔoy \ce to sun; to take in sun \cf aqtikʔoʔoy \ce to go out and sun oneself \cf axiwotołkʔoy \ce to dance around in a circle \cf axiwotołkʔoyəʔəš \ce rapid whirling dance \cf axtanikʔoyi \ce to revive; to come to after a faint \cf iłnikʔoyi \ce to go out (said of the tide) \cf imokʔoʔoy \ce to wheel around \cf iqwałnikʔoyi \ce to sew over and over \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf kʔoyi \ce to turn \cf maxtinikʔoyi \ce to slip back; to drag back \cf nikʔoli \ce to arrive from and return to \cf nikʔoy \ce to turn back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \cf nunikʔoli \ce to take back (again) \cf nunikʔotiʔiy \ce to bring back again \cf qulunikʔoyi \ce to turn around inside of \cf simokʔoʔoy \ce to make wheel around \cf sunikʔoyi \ce to take someplace and bring back; to take and bring full circle \cf tikʔoy \ce to suspect smn \cf tinikʔoyi \ce to go backward; to move backward; to back up \cf uškoy \ce to coil smth \cf uškoyitš \ce to be coiled \cf uxninikʔoyi \ce to be sorry; to repent; to change one's mind \cf wałnikʔoyi \ce to loosen (string of violin) \cf wotołkʔoy \ce to whirl horizontally \sd vroots \sd roots \sd motion \sd path \lg TJPH; JPH \rf 90.70.2-3 \dt 18/Jan/2019 \lx kʔoyi \ps v \ge turn \de to turn \mr [] \cf aputinikʔoyi \ce to make undertow \cf axtanikʔoyi \ce to revive; to come to after a faint \cf iłnikʔoyi \ce to go out (said of the tide) \cf iqwałnikʔoyi \ce to sew over and over \cf kinanikʔoyi \ce to resurrect from the dead \cf maxtinikʔoyi \ce to slip back; to drag back \cf nikʔoyi \ce to turn back; to return \cf qulunikʔoyi \ce to turn around inside of \cf sunikʔoyi