Invasion and recovery of vegetation after a volcanic eruption in Hawaii
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1972-09
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Island Ecosystems IRP, U.S. International Biological Program
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Abstract
A major volcanic eruption on the Island of Hawaii in December 1959 devastated one existing montane rain- and seasonal-forest covering an area of about 500 ha. The eruption resulted in a massive pahoehoe lava substrate on the crater floor of Kilauea Iki, in a new cinder cone, in an area covered with spatter and another with an extensive blanket of pumice varying along a fallout gradient from over 46 m to less than 2 cm deep. Six new habitats were recognized by kinds of substrate and remains of former vegetation. A study was made of plant invasion and recovery from the time of the disturbance till nine years thereafter. Plant records consisted primarily of periodically listing species by cover abundance in a large number of quadrants along a transect system that crossed the crater floor and extended about 3 km along the fallout gradient. The atmospheric environment was studied concurrently by records of rainfall, lateral rain- and steam-interception and desiccating power. The substrates were examined for their soil moisture properties, temperatures, mineralogical properties and available plant nutrients.
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Kilauea Iki, Revegetation -- Hawaii -- Hawaii Island., Plants -- Hawaii -- Hawaii Island., Plant ecology -- Hawaii -- Kilauea., Plant succession -- Hawaii -- Kilauea., Plants -- Hawaii -- Kilauea., Volcanoes -- Environmental aspects -- Hawaii., Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii)
Citation
Smathers GA, Mueller-Dombois D. 1972. Invasion and recovery of vegetation after a volcanic eruption in Hawaii. Honolulu (HI): Island Ecosystems IRP, U.S. International Biological Program. International Biological Program Technical Report, 10.
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172 pages
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