A Unisensory And Multisensory Exploration Of Joint Attention
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2023
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University of Hawaii at Manoa
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Abstract
Human perception requires a multitude of stimuli to be processed across multiple sensory modalities. These stimuli are often combined to create a single and continuous flow of perception of the world using multisensory integration, depending on the number, type, and relationship between stimuli. The degree to which multisensory integration combines stimuli is influenced by several factors, potentially including social dynamics, though this remains a less studied area. The research conducted for this doctoral dissertation explores how social factors potentially modulate information processing across two experiments utilizing visual and audiovisual versions of the Stroop task completed either alone, jointly, or jointly with a suggested partner. In all conditions, participants were presented with both a color or non-color word superimposed over a color bar or presented separately through headphones, and were required to press a key to indicate the color of the color bar. The partner’s task was also manipulated such that in the physical joint condition, a partner sat next to the participant and responded either to the task-irrelevant word or to the congruency of the word and color bar. In the joint virtual condition, participants were led to believe that another participant would respond to either the word or the congruency of stimuli (though no such partner actually existed). It was predicted that these experiments would replicate several past findings, including Stroop’s original results which found that presenting an incongruent color and color word resulted in slower response times when compared to a congruent color and color word (i.e., the Stroop Interference Score, or SIS), as well as the general finding that the audiovisual SIS would be reduced when compared to visual only SIS, though still significant. It was also predicted that the presence of both physical and suggested partners would attenuate the SIS in both the visual and audiovisual tasks when the partner responded to the irrelevant color word (extending Heed et al., 2009, Sellaro, 2020, and Wahn et al., 2017) and potentially also when the partner responded to both the color bar and color word. The Stroop task replicated in some conditions and when collapsed across experiments for the visual task, but not in the audiovisual task. Visual interference was also found to be significantly more robust than interference in the audiovisual task in most conditions. No effect of co-actors was found in any condition. Results support Sellaro’s suggestion that cognitive offloading may not occur for stimuli that are especially salient or quickly processed and may have interesting implications for our understanding of joint action and audiovisual integration.
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Stroop Color and Word Test, Attention--Testing, Auditory selective attention
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