The Difference Between -Hako and Kuliko Based on the Analysis of Korean Corpus Data

Abstract

This paper examines -hako and kuliko in Korean, focusing on their distinct characteristics and usages using corpus data analysis. -Hako connects smaller syntactic units, while kuliko connects broader units, including sentences. They can both be used twice in a sentence, but -hako can appear more than three times, whereas kuliko uses commas or other particles instead. Animate nouns, especially people-related ones, frequently precede -hako, while inanimate nouns are commonly associated with kuliko. Both -hako and kuliko are used with proper nouns, but -hako is more frequent with people's names. With dependent nouns, ke which is a colloquial form of kes is mostly used with -hako. Instead, kes is used most with kuliko. In addition, pronouns are mainly used with -hako. Since -hako and kuliko are taught at the beginning level, it will be hard to understand all the details of differences. Therefore, applying these differences to Korean education will aid Korean learners’ inaccurate usage.