WRRCTR No.44 Identification of Irrigation Return Water in the Sub-surface, Phase III: Kahuku, Oahu and Kahului and Lahaina, Maui

Simple item page
dc.contributor.author Tenorio, Pedro A. en_US
dc.contributor.author Young, Reginald H.F. en_US
dc.contributor.author Burbank, Nathan C Jr. en_US
dc.contributor.author Lau, L. Stephen en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2013-04-05T23:45:12Z
dc.date.available 2013-04-05T23:45:12Z
dc.date.issued 1970-12 en_US
dc.description.abstract This study continued the joint research effort undertaken by the Water Resources Research Center and the Honolulu Board of Water Supply in 1967 to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of irrigation return water. Initial work concentrated on the Pearl Harbor-Waipahu area of Oahu. The phases reported herein included both Kahuku Plantation on Oahu and the sugar cane cultivation areas of central and West Maui (Pioneer Mill Co. and Hawaiian Commercail and Sugar Co.). Composite well, spring, and stream samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory for the following constituents: bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, silica, boron, chloride, nitrate, sodium, potassium, bromide, flouride, sulfate, and total hardness. On the basis of increased index constituents over uncontaminated ground-water sources used to identify the presence of irrigation return water, it is evident, as previously concluded by Visher and Mink (1964), such irrigation return water, is definitely present in the basal water bodies underlying the three study areas. Considerable increases in the nitrate and sulfate indices, especially, and in the bicarbonate and silica indices, as shown by various methods of interpretation of water quality data obtained over a period of approximately two years or exceeding one complete cycle of plainting and harvesting of sugarcane, verify the strong influence of irrigation agricultural practices in altering the overall quality of the basal water sources in the three areas. The basal water quality of the HC&S aquifer is most affected regionally, as well as locally, by the prevailing agricultural practices. The deterioration of the water is dues in part to fertilization and to a greater exten to heavy pumping and recycling of the basal water. Water quality in the Pioneer Mill area parallels that of HC&S, although on a regional basis, the basal water quality, unlike that of the Pioneer Mill area, is not as deteriorated. Local effects of pumping are also especially noticeable in the Pioneer Mill area. Ground-water quality in the Kahuku area shows the obvious presence of irrigation return water indices, but, unlike the two plantations on Maui, the magnitude of the increases relative to uncontaminated water sources is considerably smaller. The effect of fertilization on Kahuku may be considered to be a principal factor in the regional distribution of index constituents with a relatively uniform nitrate distribution throughout. Local effects of pumping are quite pronounced and influence overall increases of indices, indicating that where heavy pumping takes place for irrigation, the increase in index constituents are correspondingly greater. en_US
dc.description.sponsorship US Department of the Interior en_US
dc.format.extent vii + 53 pages en_US
dc.identifier.citation Tenorio PA, Young RHF, Burbank NC, Lau LS. 1970. Identification of irrigation return water in the sub-surface, Phase III: Kahuku, Oahu and Kahului and Lahaina, Maui. Honolulu (HI): Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa. WRRC technical report, 44. en_US
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10125/26972
dc.language.iso en-US en_US
dc.publisher Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseries WRRC Technical Report en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseries 44 en_US
dc.rights Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States en_US
dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/
dc.subject Kahuku Plantation en_US
dc.subject Hawaiian Commercail and Sugar Co. en_US
dc.subject Pioneer Mill Co. en_US
dc.subject Kahuku, Oahu en_US
dc.subject Kahului, Maui en_US
dc.subject Lahaina, Maui en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Groundwater -- Hawaii. en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Irrigation water -- Hawaii. en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Water quality -- Hawaii. en_US
dc.title WRRCTR No.44 Identification of Irrigation Return Water in the Sub-surface, Phase III: Kahuku, Oahu and Kahului and Lahaina, Maui en_US
dc.type Report en_US
dc.type.dcmi Text en_US
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
WRRC-TR44.pdf
Size:
24.44 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.62 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download
Collections
WRRC Technical Reports